The Cottage Grove sentinel., May 13, 1910, Image 2

Renting a Farm«
Bridge Grafting.
Where trees are found girdled in
the spring, the only method of saving
them is by the practice of what is
known as bridge-grafting.
If young trees be girdled in late
spring just as growth is beginning,
they may be successfully treated by
binding about the wounded parts a
heavy covering of smooth, tenacious,
soft clay. It is safer, however, to in­
sert a few long scions, as shown in
the accompanying picture. The sap
circulation of the tree, cut off by the
wound made by the rodents, is re­
sumed through the scions, which be­
come a part of the tree—enlarging
and growing together until, in after
years, only a slight enlargement or
“bulge" on the trunk of the tree thus
treated will be noticeable.
In bridge-grafting the wounds
should be made clean and smooth with
The following is from the Almanac
and Encyclopedia för 1910, published
by the International Harvester Com­
pany:
“The greatest risk is always on the
landlord’s side in the rental of prop­
erty. He is putting his property into
the possession and care of another,
who may be a person of doubtful util-
ity. It is well to observe these ruifes
and cautions: Do not trust to a ver-
bal lease—let it be in writing, signed
and sealed. Its stipulations then be­
come commands and can be enforced.
Let it be signed in duplicate, so that
each party may have an original.
“Be careful in selecting your tenant.
There is more in the man than there
is in the bond. Insert such covenants
as to repairs, manner of use, and in
restraint of waste as the circum­
stances call for. As to particular stip-
lations examine leases drawn by those
who have had long experience in rent­
ing farms, and adopt such as meet
your case. There should be covenants
against assigning and underletting.
“If the tenant is of doubtful respon­
sibility, make the rent payable in in­
stallments. A covenant that the crops
shall remain in the lessor’s till the
lessee’s contracts with him have been
fulfiled is valid against the lessee’s
creditors. In the ordinary case of
renting farms on shares the courts
will treat the crops as the joint prop­
erty of lord and tenant, and thus pro­
tect the former’s rights. Every lease
should contain stipulations for forfeit­
ure and re-entry in case of non-pay-
ment or breach of any covenants.
Fresh
Manure.
Authorities say that fresh manure
loses in the process of decay from 20
to 70 per cent of its original weight.
Some tests conducted by the Cornell
Experiment Station showed that two
tons of horse manure exposed in a
pile for five months lost 57 per cent oi
its gross weight, 60 per cent of its
nitrogen, 47 per cent of its potash.
Five tons of cow manure exposed for
the same length of time in a compact
pile lost, through leaching and dissi­
pation of gases, 49 per cent in gross
weight, 41 per cent of its nitrogen,
19 per cent of Its phosphoric acid and
8 per cent of Its potash. '■
A ton of average fresh horse ma­
nure from animals fed on ordinary
balanced ration, contains about 10
pounds potash.
or
« »**
* ★
generations to give him his due in fame, which they have done. Sixteen
years after his death the comet duly returned, as he had foretold, from
which time the wandering constellation has been known as Halley’s comet,
Since then many famous astronomers, including Clairaut, Pontecoulant
and Laplace of France, have calculated the dates for the comet’s return. In
1835 the comet appeared within a few days of the prediction, while this
time the comet has again kept to schedule. ■
Halley’s comet isn’t by any means the only comet whose orbit has been
determined. The orbits of 100 comets have been accurately calculated and
determined. Of these sixteen have known periods of short duration. Enke’s
comet has a period of three years and four months, while Peter’s comet has
the longest period of the sixteen. It runs to its perihelion at the end of
fifteen years and eleven months. None of these nearby comets are visible to
the naked eye. The great comets which have been the cause of so much fear
and trembling on the part of the ignorant and superstitious are those hav­
ing long periods of revolution, ranging from Westphal’s, with an orbit ré^
quiring sixty-seven years and eight months to traverse, to the great comet
of 1864, which is calculated to return after 2,800,000 years. The distinctive
feature of the comet is the tail, although there are comets which are seem­
ingly tailleés. Pictures of some of the well-known comets show the remark­
able variations of the caudal appendages of those heavenly bodies which
are neither sun, moon nor stars. The comet of 1861 had seven brilliant tails
an'd several not so bright. The upper one resembled the wing of a flying
fish. The Cheseaux comet of 1744 looked like an illuminated porcupine.
The broad-tailed visitor of 1811 was notable for the two side stripes in­
closing a thin veiling of gas through which many of the more brilliant stars
were visible. The most remarkable tail of all known comets was the one
sported by Newton’s comet of 1680. It looked like a titanic tapeworm and
its length was 120,000,000 miles. Its nearest approach to the sun was 147,-
000 miles, and it is due to return in the year 2355. This tail, however, was
surpassed by the tail of the comet of 1811, which was 132,000,000 miles long.
Beside these thè tail of Halley’s comet looks like a dot. It has been computed
that in all there are probably about 7,000,000 comets dashing around through
space.
But of all these millions of comets and of all the scores of these mil­
lions which are said to have appeared to the eyes of men just before great
historic occurrences, that which gets its name from Halley is said to be
one whose appearance has been attended with the most baneful results to
humanity. Here, of course, we leave science behind and get into the midst
of a lot of superstition, more or less distorted history and a vast realm of
the mystical. At that, however, there is no question that Halley’s comet
has been seen prior to some events of the utmost significance in the annals
of the human race.
Among the great events of history which are stated to have been sig­
nalized by the appearance of comets were the sacking of Rome by Alarle
in 410, the overthrow of Attila in 449, the birth of Mohammed in 570, the
death of Charlemagne in 814, the Black Death of 1347, Tamerlane’s inva­
sion of Europe in 1402, massacre of St. Bartholomew in 1572, birth of Na­
poleon in 1769, invasion of Russia by the Grand Army of France under the
Emperor in Ì812, death of Napoleon at St. Helena in 1821, the beginning of
the Civil War in 1861 and the Russo-Japanese war in 1904-5. In addition,
many sacred writers have held that the Star of Bethlehem, whose shining
trail guided the wise men from the East, was a comet.—Chicago Record-Her­
ald.
a sharp knife and covered entirely
with grafting wax. The scions should
be cut a trifle longer than the span
HATEVER may be thought of the mass of superstition and
to be bridged, so that, when they are
“pipe dreams” which have become associated with comets
inserted, their curving form will tend
during their thousands of years’ existence, certain it is that
to keep them firmly fixed in position,
comets have, as a cold matter of history, appeared with won­
The two ends of the scions are cut to
derful brilliancy at periods of the world’s career when there
a thin wedge form. Incisions are
were big doings. The three men who rank in the restricted
made In the bark with a narrow chisel
—those above the wound sloping up­
and ultra-exclusive class of world conquerors—Alexander the
ward and those below sloping down­
Great, Julius Caesar and Napoleon the Great—had comets ambling around
ward. Insert the scions firmly and
tn the heavens at various important periods of their careers. Halley’s comet
wax h avily and securely all wounds
itself—just the -same old comet that’s going to drag the earth with its tail
made in the operation, especial care
—appeared over Europe in 1066, shining brightly for forty days, and it was
being exercised to press the wax firm­
hailed as a promise of his triumph by William the Conqueror just before
Concrete Platform for Cistern.
ly and neatly about the points of un­
the
of Hastings, while at the same time Harold of England regarded
Make a square box of 2xl0-inch stuff, it as battle
ion of scions with the body of the
an omen of his own overthrow; Comets appeared at crucial times in
Six
any
size
you
want
the
platform,
tree.
lives of many other great men and at crucial periods in the careers of
feet square is a nice size. Cut out the
many
nations. Comets have appeared before terrible wars, devastating fam­
The Useful Silo,
the pieces as shown in the cut so the ines, frightful
pestilences and brilliant victories, from the days when Abra­
The silo is a text which is always frame will fit the crown of the cis­ ham was in his teens down the Rooseveltian era.
inspiring to the man who knows its terp. Clean off all the earth and oid
And Halley’s comet, during all these generations, has been hustling
value and it cannot be preached from- matter. Set the frame level and about around in space at the modest clip of something like 100,000 miles an hour.
too often, writes S. C. Miller. Wher­ two inches lower than the ’ cistern This comet appears to the view of men once in about every seventy-five
ever it Is seen it denotes farming,
years, requiring that length of time to move around its orbit. It was last
It solves the problem of turning into
seen in 1835. The comet is named after the great English astronomer, Ed­
the highest efficiency that portion of
mund Halley, who lived between from 1656 to 1742, because it was he'who
the corn crop which falls to reach the
definitely fixed the orbit of this comet and who accurately predicted its re­
desired maturity as feed. The silo
turn in the year 1758 after it had appeared in 1682. He died1 sixteen years
can be filled at less expense than the
before the comet returned, but by his prediction he established a fame which
same amount of dry feed can be cared
will endure as long as does the comet. He was the first to discover and
for and it makes better feed. This
prove that the comets which come within the range of man’s vision have
is, after all, the main point to con­
sider. Dairymen have learned that curb. This will give fall sufficient to fixed periods of return.
He felt that he would not live to see again the comet now known as
when cows are kept in the stable for lead all water away from the pump.
Halley
’s, but he realized if his prediction was borne out that it would prove
five to seven months they cannot re­ Make a mixture of cement and sand
turn as satisfactory profits if they are or gravel. Mix all together, dry, then to posterity that he had made an amazing discovery. He relied on future
confined to a ration of dry feed alone. add water to make a stiff mortar.
LIQUOR BILL FOR. 1909.
Ensilage gives succulence and is very Pack in the form and smooth off with
NINE NORTH POLES IN NINE YEARS.
CURLS OR CREST.
much easier to masticate and digest a straight-edged board. Run a seam
Whisky Alone Cost Consumers Three
than dry corn fodder. There is also from each corner to the crown to Little German Teacher Cared Noth­
Hundred Million Dollars.
a great saving of labor In feeding en­ prevent cracking.-?-Denver Post.
ing for Personal Adornment.
During the fiscal year 1909, 116.852,-
silage, over feeding dry corn fodder.
In the recent admirable biography
908 gallons of spirits were distilled
Poultry Picking?*.
The Initial expense keeps many a silo
of Prof. Carla Wenckebach of Weles-
from grain in the United States. What
and
mark
the
hen
from decorating the landscape, but
Watch closely
ley, her close friend and successor,
the value of this flood of liquor may
it Is good practice to economize In that is laying an egg each day. She Margarethe Muller, has introduced to
have been cannot positively be stated.
other directions to provide for it. Once Is the kind you want to perpetuate the general ¿ublic a figure long hon­
The output of the distilled malt and
built and rightly built it will not have in the flock.
ored for scholarship, loved for kindli­
vinous liquors and allied products in
to be renewed for many years, so the
Weed out the hens that lay the ness and smiled at for quaint and de­
the year 1905 was reported by the cen­
cost Is spread out so thinly that it small-sized eggs, They are the un- lightful oddities of character and as­
sus bureau to be worth more than
cuts no great figure in the business profitable ones and never will im- pect within the bounds of the “College
$440,000,000. In the year 1909 1,591,-
of feeding.
Beautiful.”
prove the quality of the flock.
738 gallons of brandy, 610,305 gallons
“Little Bismarck,” the girls some­
of rum, 2,497,070 * gallons of gin and
Incubator* and Brooders.
There are some, poultrymen who ad-
times
nicknamed
the
genial
but
mas
­
56,183,652 gallons of whisky were
The only way to raise chickens in vocate pullets for breeders instead of
placed on the. market in the United
large numbers in a short space of time yearling hens. It is generally found terful German professor, with her
“hair and serviceable clothes of
States. The total value of all these
and have them at the right time to that well-developed fowls make the short
unconsciously
mannish
effect.
Man
­
products at the place of manufacture
get the biggest prices for them Is to most prolific breeders.
nish by intention she never was, but
was probably not less than $135,000,-
use incubators and brooders. By the
If you have both pullets and old she had, from her tomboy childhood,
000. But these figures in no way
use of the hen for hatching and brood­ hens in your flock keep close watch
measure the cost of distilled liquor to
ing, enough chickens can not be raised and see which one is laying the most a curious impatience of f riper ies and
the consumer, McClure’s says. They
in a season to make it pay. Many of eggs. A little knowledge along this lack of personal vanity. She was a
do not include the government inter­
my customers tell me that they would line may assist next season in select­ girl of fifteen when she wrote home
casually from school:
nal revenue tax or the cost of whole­
rather take care of 100 chicks In a ing a flock of winter layers.
“By the way, I wear my hair short
saling and retailing the “goods.” As
brooder than to care for one old hen
now; got rid of braids, hairpins and
sold in the “saloon” at 10 or 15 cents
ana her brood. You can set as many
The Asparagus Beetle.
a “drink,” the cost of whisky, or what
eggs in a medium-sized incubator as
This is a troublesome pest and hard appendages six months ago; feel very
free
and
light
without
them.
My
passes for such among consumers, is
you can put under ten sitting hens. to fight. Clean cutting, especially in
not less than $6 a gallon. This would
With the machines you have absolute ridge culture, keeps them well under friends wail about the loss of my
mean that the annual bill of the Amer­
control at all times. No lice to fight. control in spring, but considerable ’beautiful thick hair,’ but what is the'
ican public for whisky alone would be
No danger of eggs being broken or harm is done later op by slugs or use of beauty if it causes continual
much more than $300,000,000? There
chilled during Incubation. Eggs and larvae. Poultry are very fond of these annoyance?”
Some years later, in New York, she
are many who place it at twice as
chicks perfectly safe at all times. No beetles, and a few fowls will soon
high a figure because of the excessive
work at all compared with the work capture the matured insects if allowed received a comically apt reply to this
adulteration undergone by the liquor
that ten fussy old hens would cause in a garden bed. An extensive grower youthfully philosophic query. She
had applied to an agent-to secure her
for the purpose of increasing its- vol­
you.—Agricultural Epitomlst.
of asparagus in Massachusetts finds a position as governess, and was
ume.
that most of the beetle eggs have been promptly assured that if she wished
Curing; a Halter Breaker.
sucked dry and destroyed by a species
Some Booming Towns.
Whenever I have a horse that of small fly, which has made its ap- a recommendation she must wear
WHY IT IS POSSIBLE THAT EXPLORERS MAY DISCOVER THE BIG
more
stylish
clothes
and
change
her
If
we
are to take the growth or
breaks his halter by pulling at the pearance for the first time in large
NAIL.
way of doing her hair.
cities and towns in the Dominion of
manger I take a small rope, pass It numbers this year.
“ ‘The essential consideration is,’
around his tail and through loops on
The position of the poles is not constant, and observations have proved Canada represented by the provinces
the agent said, ‘not what’s in your that there are a yearly counter-clock elliptical movement of some feet, and of Manitoba, Alberta and Saskatchwan
a girth at either side, then on through
Cost of Feed.
the rings at either side of the halter
During an experiment in Cornell head, but what’s on it.’ So I went to a counter-clock circular movement of some feet in diameter in a period of there is a wonderful future for some
and fasten the two ends to the manger University a few years ago the aver­ a little Parisian, who knew what the 428 days. The first may be due to seasonal meteorological causes; the sec­ of them. Winnipeg, the largest city,
ring. When the horse pulls on the age feed cost for eggs throughout the matter was even before I explained.
ond is far more difficult to explain. In view of these movements it is ob­ in eight years has increased from 42,-
viously impossible for any explorer to set up a staff that shall; as it were, 000 to 140,000.
year was about 9 cents per dozen. ‘If you don’t want to take the trouble
Other places for the past eight years
lengthen the axis of the world and insure that it will do so for all time.
Other experimenters give the cost of to dress your hair every day,’ she said,
The fact that the axis of the earth shifts from time to time was proved by show this expansion: « Calgary from
eggs in winter at 15 cents per dozen ‘why don’t you wear a false front?’
and in summer 8M j cents.. Under the I was just about to shout a deter­ Eeler years ago, but it was only lately that the displacements were meas­ 4,900 to 29,300; Edmonton from 2,600
ured With anything like accuracy at a number of stations.—Illustrated Lon­ to 25,000; Regina from 2,200 to 13,?
present prices of feed eggs would cost mined Never! when she dextrously
500; Branden from 5,600 to 13,000;
don News.
about 12 cents per dozen, but it must put one of those curly things on my
Saskatoon from 113 to 12,200; Moose
be remembered that on the farm the head, And really—the little curls
Jaw from 1,600 to 12,000; Lethbridge
hen picks up the most part of her liv­ framed my face quite pleasingly, and festal occasions she donned, with a
What It May Come To.
from 2,100 to 10,000; Prince Albert
41'
ing from the waste material that Is looked exactly as if they had grown childlike taste for mere brightness, an
I
’
ve
just
thought
of
a
brand
new
from 4,00 to 7,000; Fernie from 1,900
scattered over the farm, so that the on my own scalp. Now if fortune abundance of sparkling ornaments and philanthropy,” said Mr. Dustin Stax.
to 5,300; Medicine Hat from 1,600 to
cost of a dozen eggs is a very small comes my way, you will know what fabrics of startlingly brilliant hues.
“
What
is
it?
”
has attracted the fickle thing.”
halter It produces such unexpected re­ item of cash outlay.
5,boo.
for
ex-
“
I
’
m
going
to
found
a
home
Quite certainly, after fortune was Her interest in her own appearance
sults that he soon stops this bad hab­
In these places $47,000,000 has been
them-
attracted, the commercially inspired remained small; but to beauty in oth­ billionhires who impoverished
it.—A .Benson, in Farm and Home.
invested in new buildings in the last
Hints About the Farm,
selves
by
donations.
”
—
Washington
ers
she
was
keenly
responsive.
In
forever.
All her
three years, and in five years their
All cows that are weak, extremely , curls disappeared
Goat* os Brush Destroyers.
I girls and her friends remember well her last illness, when a lovely young Star.
taxable
values have been increased
thin
and
coughing
must
be
removed
The Forestry Department has turned
what one of them describes as “that student friend came to call, she in­
Boisterou* Mirth.
from an aggregate of nearly $57,000,-
sisted
that
the
girl
’
s
chair
be
so
placed
800 Angora goats out on the moun­ from the herd.
wonderful square head of hers, with
“What makes you laugh so loudly
With good grass land it is consid­ Its crown of short blonde hair, which that she, from her bed, could comfort­ whenever Bliggins tells a funny 000 to about $220,000,000.
tain slopes in the west, in the hope
that they will keep the weeds from ered that the plan of moderate top 1 bristled up over her fine brow like ably see the “pretty pussy” all the story?”
A farmer came to town to-day with
time.—Youth’s Companion.
growing on the fire-breaks. This work dressing with chemicals bringe a larg­ the crest of an alert bird.*’
“In self-defense. I want to make so a lot of errands to perform for his
has been a serious expense and the er income for the labor employed than 1
For details of costume or coiffure
Bores talk about themselves; gos- much noise he can’t tell another.”— wojpien folks. “I’d rather take a whip-
any other sytem of management.
goats are an experiment
she never learned to care, although on sips talk about others.
tfin«.” he said, “than buy for women.*
Washington Star