July, 1880.
THE WEST SHORE.
VALUE OF POULTRY MANUKK.
The following report to Mr. L, Wright by lr.
A. Voeleker, F. It S., appoan in the London
Live Stock Journal; Enclosed you will find
analyse! of the two samples of ohickon manure
whioh Mr. 0. E. Oreuwell, of Hereford, lent
me on Marcb to Ivni-
hrtUli
Freah dried
Manure, m .:, n
outon ei.os 41.00
Oriranlo matter ami ealtaot niumunla.. SO. IV 38.10
Trtbaalc plutaphato of limo (Itono plios
phate) t.Vt 6.1.1
Magnesia, alkaline salts, etc S 03 9.13
Inanluhlo alllcloua maltor (Hand la. 68 IS. 411
100.00 100.00
"Containing nitrogen 1.71 8.78
Kt(ual to ammonia 3. 00 4.60
You will notioo that in a fresh condition the
sample of ohicken manure analyzed by mo con
tained lil 1 of water in round numbers, and
12J of sand, while the sample of partially
dried manure containod 41- of water, and about
the same proportion of sand as the fresh dung.
Judging from the appearance of the manure, the
greater proportion of tho sand, it apnoars to me,
arises from earthy matter which the fowls picked
up with their final, and is not due to saud merely
adhering to the oiorementa externally.
I need hardly say that the large proHrtiou of
moisture and the considerable amount of useloss
silieious matter in fresh chickens' dung, detract
much from its valuo as a manure. However,
chicken dung, although greatly inferior to I'oru
vian guano, is a much more concentrated fer
tilizer than tho best description of ordinary
farmyard manure, which seldom yields moro
than three-fourths per oent. of ammonia, whereas
tho sample of fresh chicken manure analyzed by
mo contained nn amount of nitrogonous organic
matter and salts of ammonia, capable of yield
ing, on linal decomposition, H of ammonia.
The agricultural ana commercial value of the
dung of horses, cows, sheep, pigs, pigeons, fowls,
and of concentrated artilioial manures, such aa
Peruvian and other varieties of ammoniacal
guanos, deiMind mainly upon tho percentage of
nhosimate of lime and of iiitronon. or its euuiv-
alentof ammonia, which these various fertilizers
contain.
In former yoars, when Peruvian guano was
exclusively imiwrtod into England from the
Chincha islands, in the north of the Peruvian
coast, the guano depoaitod on those islands in a
rainless country and rapidly ilried by a boiling
sun heat, generally yielded from 1(1 to 18 of
ammonia. The southern Peruvian guano de
posits, from which our supplies havo been drawn
for tho last few years, vary much in composition.
The best cargoes of Poruviau guano at present
seldom contain moro than 10 or 1 1 of am
monia ; those of a modium quality from (i . to
8, and cargoes selling at about 8 per ton,
from 3 to 4. Tho latter, however, are much
richer in phosphate of lime than high ammo
niaoal Peruvian guanos, and not unfroUoiitly
contain over 40, , of phosphate of lime.
Compared with Peruvian guano, and adopting
the aame rates bv which the ollicial price of dif
ferent cargoes of Peruvian guano is regulated,
1 tind fresh chicken manure of the quality of
the sample analyzed by me is worth, 111 round
numbers, about i a ton, and tho sample of
Rrtially dried manure aliout U 4s. per ton.
geon dung, I tind, ii rather more valuable
than fowls' dung.
With regard to the application of chicken
manure, I would observe that the least expen
sive, and probably tho boat way of using it is to
make it with dry earth, burnt olay, wood ashes,
and such like matters, into a e.mipcmt. Muni
with about twice iU weight of dry earthy mat
ters of this kind, it will soon be reduced into a
fairly dry and powdery state, in which it may
be readily spread broadcast on the land, or be
sown by the manure drill, and Ik found a useful
general manure for every kind of garden pro.
3nce.
For root crops turnips, carrots, kohl rabi,
mangels chicken manure, reduced into a dry
and powdery state, should bo mixed with an
oiiual weight of superphosphate of lime, ami the
mixture be drilled in with the aood at the rate
of B awt. per acre. In making tho earth com
post, quicklime, in my judgment, should not be
mixed with the chicken dung, for the etleot of
(uioklime upon fowla' excrement is to hlioralo
ammonia, which would escape and be loat in a
uiual measure, On Lite otuur haiut, there is no
harm, but every advantage, in mixing good aoot
with chicken dung, for unadulterated aoot gen
erally oontaina from ."i to -I , of ammonia, or
nearly twico as much as I found in the sample
of froah chicken dung which Mr. t'reaawell aent
me.
Soot, when it oan lie procured, ia a good drier
for chioken manure, and at the aamo time adds
ammonia to it. In the absence of soot, 1 would
recommond to mix tho fresh ohickon manure
with some burnt gypaum, to which a amall
quantity of aujierpfioaphate of limo may lie
added, the free acid of which will effectually
prevent the oacaie of ammonia from tho chicken
dung. A mixture of two parts of burnt gysum
and one part of mineral atiierphoaphate may be
kept ready for the purpnao of aliaorhing the ex
cess of moisture in froali chicken dung, anil facil
itating its reduction into a fairly dry ami friable
manure. Three parts of freah chicken manure
and one part of tho preceding mixture of burnt
gypaum and aiiperplioaphate, when kept for a
short tunc under cover, and turned over once
or twice, and Dually paaanil through a screen or
sieve, I believe will tie found a uaeftil and good
manure for most crops, when uaed at the rate
of 8 or 10 owt. per acre.
ritati'AKA rioN or MAsrux.
We Unci in tho Amrriam Cultivator the fol
lowing aucount of experience:
I took my shovel and spread a thin layer of
the manure on tho barn lloor and thoroughly
wet it; then another in the asitio wsy on top of
that, until 1 had the whole in a compact pile,
and, as 1 thought, perfuctly wet. The next
morning I began to turn it over to see thu re
sult. I found a great part of it dry, but I liked
tho way it was working, so put on more water.
After working it over three or four timua, and
applying water as needed, I hail a pile of as
nice liHikiuit fertilizer aa you would wiali to see,
almost aa line as powder. In 48 hours it was
very hot, requiring to be turned over every i'i
hours until used. I droppo I a large handful in
each hill for corn, covering it with a hoe aa 1
would corn, then planted the corn in the hill thus
made. Not 0110 lull on the piece failed to come
up, and it ia growing the best of any corn I ever
hail.
You may ask the use of tho water. Why
not put the manure in the hill dry ami cover
the aamo? The reason ia, it won't accompliah
its object. I have tried it and know. The corn
will oome up all right, but after a little time it
ceases to grow. Dig to the root ami you will
tind it completely eaten up by the manure. The
reason everyone can understand by a few mo.
incuts of thought. I uaed some mix d with
meadow mud, about three parts mini to one
manure, using a little more to each hill, and
dropping the corn uui it without covering it
(the manure). The result was that nearly one
half of the seed never came up.
Cokwtioms Ixjiimoi's tii Hiniir in HtMimiI.
CllU.liKKN. Prof, Itaux mentions the following:
Air vitiated by animal emanations, vegetable or
mineral dust, the smoke of various cmnhuatihlea,
esix'ciaJly tobacco, in which nicotine exists.
Teuiierature too high or too low, and sudden
changes or drafts. Clothing too tight, par
ticularly at tho neck or waiat. Position with
the head and body ton much Itent lorarard dur
ing labor with the eyes. Premature atudy, al
oes of mailing, etc. Atoohollo exoiina. Use
of the eyes and brain immediately after sating
Habitual couatipalion, cold feet, and everything
which lenda to produce congestion of the head.
Immorality, especially during childhood and
youth. e might aaaign a eauae atlll more po
tent than any of the foregoing, via: a dstleuney
of light IMtuU iMOtrt.
NF.W INVENTIONS.
Wo publish descriptions of the following new
inventions, obtained through IVwey A Co.,
Mining ami .SViVnfaV I'rtu Patent Agency, San
Francisco:
BrMWH lonovn FritiMeM Wm ft Klnrh
F.urvka, Cal. Patented Juno ISSO. No,
"i'JO, 0;b'. This invention relates to certain im
provements iu the construction of magaaine lire
arms of that elaas in which a vertically running
breechblock is operated by a lover and serves
aa a carrier to transport the cartridge from the
magaaine to the rear open end of the Iwrrel,
into which it ia forced by mochaiiiaui for the
purpose. It consists in a novel construction
and combination of a solid breech-block which
is moved vertically in tho frame at the rear of
the barrel with a swinging arm, by which the
cartridge ia forced into the Iwrrel, an that the
brocch-lilook ia allowed to move up and clean
the breech. The whole ia oieratod by a single
lever beneath the gun, and the aamo action
oncka the gun and looks thu breech. block when
closed, so that it cannot be oioiiad.
Hai.INii I'i. 1 John Cook, Healdaburg, So
noma Co., Cal. Patented Juno 8, IHHO. No.
'."J8,,M3. This press conaiata in the employment
of a horizontal Ihix having a follower oimratcd
by a peculiar windlass or eaisUn and ropaa and
pulley, which are placed along the aides of the
101; and it also conaiata in a novel method of
holding and tightening the baling rowa while
the follower ia moving up. so that they are all
ready to be tied when tho lisle ia pressed, A
lever ia llttod to the press by whluh the bain
may lie ejected as anon as llniahed. I Inn preaa
is eootioinically built ami operated, and ma
tonal ia easily introduced, and bales removed
without supplemental doors or severe lalior.
IflioBW FiitKAiitt. A. Sohnoldor, 'U Krin
St., S. F. Patented June H, lv.11. No. 'JtfM,.
MO. 1 his invention relate to certain improve,
iiienta in hrocnh loading magaaine llrearnia, and
it is especially adapted to ha used in oaa.a whore
the magazine extends beneath ami iarallnl with
the barrel of the arm. And it oousisis in a ver-tioally-movlng
hi ... h hi... k 111 combination mil,
an operating lever, provided with means for
giving the bio, I, an intermittent movement,
whereby the breech-block Is mads to muse
whon opposite tho barrel while the cartridge is
forood home, the operating levor moving eon.
liuiiously.
(lHArriSll Tool Chsrie. W. Unit, PeUlu
ins, Sonoma Co , Cal. Patented June ''i, I Mm).
No. V2U,04(). This device conaiata in the em
ployment of a iair of pivoted handles, one of
which is int.. I lo rocelv. a curved wooden
block or bed with an elastic surface, uxiu
which the cutler acta, while the other opsral.
ing arm moves the cutter which is pivoted to
it The upper end of the cutter la alao pivoted
to the end of a aupplemoiital arm whioh ei lends
hack and unites with the hsndle upon the op
(Haute aide ol the pivot, so as to produce a
parallel motion of the uutter, which inturea ,i,
making a alraight clean cut whatever the thick
nose of tho eoioti or stock to be operated upon.
'I'i i' in is W a ran Wuvei Wm. Hachenoy,
S. K. The wheel ia made in a frame aj as to be
easily portable, ami la Intended particularly for
running with a amall head of water, anas to
utilize all the aupply without waaU of powsr.
It has peculiarly operating gates lor controlling
the admiasion ol the water to the scrolls, and in
a peculiar oonatrueliou of the step or hearing
for the reduction of wear.
Hoaauiloi ToR-Wfliillr. Wm. II. Huhuge,
Msulo Park, Kail Mateo t o., Cal. Patented
I ItK). No. MaVMt Tha shoe has
weight attached by mssns of a dovetailed shsnk,
fitting in a correspondingly shaped alot in the
alios and secured by a screw. hen this weight
is removed the shoe becomes a plain, ordinary
ahoe, with no projection or addition to interfere
with the horse1 a actlou.