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About The west shore. (Portland, Or.) 1875-1891 | View Entire Issue (July 1, 1880)
THE WEST SHORE. July, 1880. 210 IIAII.HOAI) r-AIt WHKKIX Thera .m in ha no record which shows the flirt liirtii adopted for the tlangra of railroad wheeli, nor i( Uicahaa-a which they hare gradu ally HHIWl. II ml umIih mi rulnavla ami I'Mnhour'i hook mi liaotnottvcB ...nUni Be. tioni il tires, tha l'i in ( which does nut .1 ifT.-r mate, rially from thnaa now 111 ue. These were .uh hahed in IH.'UI ml Il ls I he fx t Mtu to U thai the .n ai'iit shaiie of fluigaa anil alan of rsila haa laaeii esauim-d to h right without any giaal or aillh' I. lit n aa .n l .l It i 11 -epilog that It worked wall in practice. In othrr Words, there air no ail ,'iat.' n saom for inh ume thst thn )nM-iit form M wheal flange is the iat that i aihln It ha la-.n adopted unpin, ally, aii'l thera la no Bound theory to racoiiiiucml it. It -1 n.. iuit" within the range nf p...ailulit) I hat mi rlala.iaU investigation might indicate 1.111 important ml valuable mixlilh ttiona in the form f tlnao very imHirUnt parts of 1! rail I'.a l . I" h a Thin am moii. than I ( I. (KM t, f MM I . ar whn la in IIM in thn I luted HUloa, the average llfn of wheal la eight yean, ami it wajlfl liMk ..vet L i. ol pig iron lo make lour I. 1 1 . , . . . aa.ini.ini.' that thn iiuinliri of wheel. 111 utr la nen ltl,(l,IKl, it requires I, '. I, I Mil now wheel, in leplaoi II,.,., worn out a. h your, ami I" ma k f 11.. a- inn llaUMO PM of pig iron am mipnred Aa I, '.'.VI, 1 ) whiwla an worn nut wli yeai, ami aa tha average weight of a worn ..hi raw i. ai. . ut 111 n.a., MMWaafUki ."7, .INtl Uma of Una ohl maUrial arr availahlr l.n irn.al.ula. Inn.. Tin' IMM IkIw. ... tin aim. ami ;U'..si the sppioiimaU weight id the new wlicrla shows prelly corm tly the 1 1 ..... 1 h 1 o tone of new material couauuiod cr )M 111 the 1 ula. inn ol car whaeli, a. turning that all ll I.I In ula are manufactured into new ouea The ill linen, c iiil, III. I h. I.I, of a car wheel la, however, glowing ahortl 1. I 1 two inummm 1 I. The Increasing weight of a .all. ...I, the load on killw Madl now laing .1"..!,. ul.al it was a few years ago; and ar, ..ml. M)MM inaiiagriiirol ami imprmrd loading and tloiala faeilitua, hy which thn whirl, are k.pl in. .ing mom pnultnuoualv than I il Aa an iii.lauee, iiam Ina l. I ill, -u,,, ,,, can he ui.l .a.l. 'l at New .ua 111 a let) mall fia. ti'.n ..I the tiii.r raflatiftd bafofa kj hmI hi, I la. .lilies h.r discharging ... pi..i.,, Manilla tumi. guarante wheela l. inn (mm '". to IMIMI 111, ha. hut Ih.) m.t liulle iUriilly givatly etnaa! Una DBMattPWOM KstllNBa. Those .-.Mine, led with the ii.Minfa. turn of illuminatiiig gaa 111 1 In. i.HiaU-y affafj to he gradually coming to a .i.e. of tin nen Ball) of huililing Ui ad 1,1. i.al malaria I,, I thru ptiatuct They eiam, making all, Nig Italia lo Mil the liiliolii.il. .11 nl gaa rn ginea At a leornt meeting of the Weal, i n I .... Aaa.iato.ii. al I .. i ,.; ;,. Mr J (1. king, resident, m In. addmaa aUtnl that thr .1. Miami liar gaa ngm. u M ki. at that iiianular twiwia are unahle U meal it with any prompt, ueaa Mi l.ama.1. II ..I iuinna. In.l , Mil iiig on ll,, n) .i t. gave a brief a .vounl H the .i,.., i , ha.1 with the int.. eat gaa ewgmr A IT hoiac power engine ..BMale.1 two el. I at. 4 hrlla, tilling thr grain in h aaul IV inch U.keta Ml It. huh. Ill tarn n vara I.Vi la length, .ate wheal .leaner ami faa an.l on. hump , l, ,i .aajMime.! MM tajtate It it (aa wl h.H.1 The chol alM,tage Uvatghl val aaaUial il it a-tmirehly a lapte.1 fm light and inkarmillatil wmk U a.l.llUm In Una wh.al mat-kinery Ui.re aa rotapieta aa oaiiaei) l.a headlia warn, twai.l.a the eietalnr aa.1 cntiMra, uee.1 ale,, l.a the wheal, una No. I -a ahalU an I aaaahiawry, aw. AaatW, a li buraa f.aer eetf.ae. orate.l the maxhiaery aeaial neaapaiaM, Irian tare to four auare a day. at a ..aaauR.pu.4. J l.nai ml., fi i gaa i ui.ailk 11m gaa luiaeara. it are .aaaat.laral.li impraaaaaj aila Ike imiatanc J Ue aal.)e. IIOMAL HKItVJlK WKATIIKH CASK. Tha aiUniion of tha I'. S. Signal Hurvio hat prora.1 of great value to all our uutiloor imlua : nr. The great trouhlu in bringing ita retulta to hear IMI agn. ulLure naa menu the UlOWtuij of making known formaaU, ate., to thota re mote from tha citint or large towna. (ion. Mycr, I hi. I ..I th. Si nn r, now ha! it in luinil Ui laaua a ooinpact Mraiigenient of incU'on. logi cal ilovicoa to that llioac iliatant from cmitera of infoririatii.il may have aoinu mnaiia for arriving at l It. i luilgmanta of coming weather than they now have. Of courae it ia not pretcnilial that any ileum will give infallible forocaata, but tha ileatgn it to bring tha bett imalcrn ineana of jmlgiiig within the reach of all, that the liouelite of the govaruinont aervica may he wide ly .llaarlNllialr.l. I hir engraving on tha neit iage reprneiiU the "weather caae or fanncra1 weather imlicator," win. h will lie aet up ere long in rural mitollicea thr. nigh. nit tha country. The caae ia .'II iiichea high, l.'l in, Met wnle anil , Inohaa thick. Tha front la covered with a glaaa diair, uhicli it kept ehaed eicept when making olMervationa and admitting tha dillerent luatriimeiita. Tha engraving, winch of courae pretenti tin. weather caae in immature. It worthy of careful itudy ami a Iciture hour will Iw required to arrive at a full iiii.ler.Uii.luig.il ita plan ami dctaila. We ball give aa full a lieacripliiui of the iliflerimt pait and their uaea aa we have apace for at tint lime, aa wo deem the tul.jrct one of general im pOtMaa ii. We uu.lcrata.nd that the uaaia arc not for aale, but are to bo erected here and there at g ii eminent einenaa for the public honolit. I he h. inter ..r in. lei at the tup of the caae i No. 1 1 ahdea on the braaa aie; it it known aa tha "tunael barometer indei," and Iniilwtaa, when act, by tho ligurra to winch it laiinta on Ihe "main bammeter tcale," which ia juat la h.u it, the reading (J the barometer ut the tunc of the auii.it je.ter.lay. The "main bariiiuitcr aoal" (No. ) eilnhila all the hamim trie read lllga likely Ui lat uaral with Una lllatruillollt. Thr p.. int. i . N... Ml j n at below the "main ha mim 1. 1 aeale" la . .11. "I the "reference llidel, and iii.li.at. . h) liM 1WI . to which it auutt on the main hai.uu. tei i ale, when the intti ii uiriit it act, Mm mean or an rage reading of the M '!" at the ;.o,-, at which the itittruinent la aet and lor each aejiarate MOtMV When kj haioiiieU r rea.lt alane or below tint riavUtu at am le.e, audi rradmg la laid to la "alaivo the "f "la low the mean'' for that place in that in. nth Tin. retell m e in. lev it catahlnhcd in thr . tan central hue ol tho In of the caae. I he l.uig l.raa. hand over the glaaa lace of the barometer ItaoWl aa the "h.ng . .inter M and in Ii. at. ., ha the fifnr,., ,, ,, ,., ur,'llll,.l),r Mir M win. k il pMte WMa aet, the reailmg ..I the Urometer when laal aet. The black la.inirr on the lace ol the Urometer under the glaaa face la known aa the "thort pointer," ami Mtdicatee Iheeualing praaaureol the almnaphere at an, im,,. ihe iiitiimuriit may U etamined There are f..r ea. li i la. e and ea, h i ,u MmM .1 wind. .',r.t Wind, which. I,l,,, Imiii .-.nam dina-nona. are at that pl-e mi.I in re lik, h MkM ,,rr ,UlU n . Inlh.wed by ram. rhea. are called "rMn aiada Sbc,, Wmda which. Uowmg (,,,, certain du. .li..,,.. .i ,,u... aUl, , 11...1.II1 leaa likely than other wmda Ui U f. Mm4 Mr tan. ThetMi Me calle.1 "dry w,,. " The wind dim, in.,, lea- M.y day r t, mu amaadUkeuatea.il pl,. H ..,, , v.e. U,,. I a. pra. l.cal-le. The "w.nd di.k N. .n.,.,..lw,,,m.I, Jul. Irael, ,.o area a red am, calUI th. r ...dar. H IL Mid a blur are, oalh.l -Z "lam win.l , V, ii. l.c n' daak a. a laanu, lurmag l0l , , a. V f,w twwtk. K. for ei, NK, u aad below Ih, lanaaaUt ar calWd the dry- I wind time record, and the pointer (No. 7) ii called the "record winter, and inincaiea, wnen aet, tho length of time tho wind baa been blow ing cootinuouily from a "dry" direction, by the ligurea allowing the number of hours on the scale to which it uoinU. i . -V ii .. .1... tff r Ilia nuiutei ami twui iio. ij vu ...w v. and lielow tho barometer are called the rain- wind time record, and the record pointer (No. li) indicates, when set, the length of time the wind haa been blowing continuously from a "rain" direction, by tho ligurea showing the nutnlier of hours on the scalu to which it points. The record pointer on the rain-wind time record (No. li) is always turned by tho thumb screw, and aet pointing at the figure 0 on the scale when tho wind is not blowing in the rain wind direction. In the same way tho "record pointer" on the dry-wind time record (No. 7) ia always aet pointing at the figure 0 when the wind is not blowing in the dry direction. The tuntot disk (No. 12) consists of a circular disk one-half of which is colored red and one half of w hich is colored blue. The disk turns Uxu a central turning screw in such a manner that half of tho disk showH through a semi-circular opening in the face of tho weather case. The tunact ilitk is set a- follows: At tho exact Unt f every sunset tho western sky and tho character of the auuset is carefully observod. The examination ought to be minute and care ful, lasting for about fifteen minutes. If the miuiot aky is clear or rod, or markedly what ia known aa a " fair weather sunset "a sunset ttich aa ia generally held to indicate a clear or fair day to follow on tho next day a day on which it will not rain thu sunset disk is turned hy the turning scrow until tho semi-circular niening shows all red. The sunset disk, thus turned, is doscribod as set for a " fair weather lUIINOt." If the unmet sky (tho western) is cloudy or foul, or msrkedly what is known as a "foul weather sunset," a sunset such as is generally held to imlicate foul weather to follow on tho next day a day on which it will rain- the aun- set diak is turned by the turning screw until tho acini-circular opening allows all blue. Tho sunset disk thus tinned is doscribod as set for a " foul weather auuset." If the appearance of tho western sky and tho character of the sunset aro neither markedly thoae of a " fair weather tiiiiiot" or of a "foul weather sunset," butsuoh aa Ui leave tho observer in doubt how to stylo it, tho sunset disk is turned to show half rod and half bluo, or " doubtful." Tho sunaet diak, thus sot, is described as set for a "doubtful weather tuniet," In tho lower part of the woather caae there aro two thermometers, a dry bulb thurmomoter (No. Ill on tho left hand aide of tho case, and a wet bulb thermometer (No. 14) on tho right hand side. Tho dry bulb thermomoter is liko any other thermometer, and shows by its read ings the teniioraturo of the air. Tho wet bulb thermometer ia ono, tho bulb of whioh ia kept constantly moist by tho water passing up from the glaa. reaervoir, through tho wickiug which cover, the thermometer bulb. The readings of lie dry bulb thermometer and thoae of the wet bull, thermometer aro more and more unlike, or lather and farther " n,nri," as it i. called in I rnportmn as the air eonUins loss and osa "uoitture th.t ,., laming ,rir. The JT nigs f the dry bulb thermometer and those of he wet bulb thermomoter liecome more Mid more M are nearer and nearer together EBSt"1 Thu c,;nU"" mor"u1 m WMMMi That ,., becoming saturated or "Uheeaai'i.thol't.lt t et' Km dry bun, Sm No i-i n move kWN, isTto .Vt Lb .J;he T bulb am the dry bo , ti,elo ' .noni"