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About The west shore. (Portland, Or.) 1875-1891 | View Entire Issue (July 1, 1880)
2o8 THE WEST SHORE. July, 1880 TIIK MICKOWXM'K IN BOTANY, Th inn me. ..p ia nonaUnlly enlarging iU held of uarftilnea, and it adding, ly ly Uy, new Uiumpoa ... . .,, . aenrcfc. It Km recently given to tin world now and tnr certain mode for determining the geological atructure i( rock; mid the (act ia now announced i( a dieonvery ( equal iiuortauc 111 connection with the anil growth ( ilanta. A a. in tha llrat caae, many ol tl. uuivaraally aoonptaal theories id geologist were hruehrd aside, an, in tha .f. et.nl inatanoa, theorin which bolamala had eupaaMd to txi wall eelahliahod an ootnpletely overthrown. It apar tliat I 'ml. I'rinrhaiin, nl Itarlin, liaa recently been ludynig tha green Mlnriiij matt, r in the leave, nl plant, kUfl aa hlnrophyl, anil tho orll in which it ia contained. Itotauiata have hereto fore aaeigned to Una auUtance tha work nl ab orbing In. 111 tha atinnaphere, during the niglil, oarlioalo arid gea, retaining tha carlton lur tha uaUwaiue anil ((r.iwtli nl tin' plant, ami return ing tha free oiygen In Ilia air In make good the deterioration ,.i thai clement through tha r iiiratmu ..( Ilia animal creation. Now I'rof. I'rluahellu haa daniotulrated, liy tin- anl at Mm mioroeo., that chlorophyl .I.e. nut wr!nrm that wnrk, hut that tha carl 1 thn atmna iihara ia appropriated ami aaaiiiiilalcd through tha medium nl a lialaam like aiiUtauco in tha Giant, haraUiliira unknown, to which lia give 11 naini hyptuhloriiia. Tina newly discovered anUlan. a. when undi r tha influence of aunlight, haa a etroug allinily lur oarlauiic acid; ami it further a.aaia that the heretofore ipp ... .1 V li 1. 1 linru.l.) I ia mir.lv a auaiva agent a anrt nl curtain, screening the kjfD Murine (mm the direct nr too .wrrlul 111 II nam a nl tha aim TIIK IK MI-TKA1 BY TIIK SKA. Id tha chalk bluff, more than 40 feet from high-water mark, ii the vertebra, of a whale dis tinctly ontlicM. TMl monarch nl tha aaaj elected hii tomb with anme reference to the litneu ol things. The Egyptian monarch huilt l..r theiuHlvei granite tomln; hut the WOU lav down 011 tin1 ono, anil the infusoria"! Ji.OOO vcars or more limit arounil ami almvc him. Id waa uramllv iniirneil, ami lifteil up out of th ana hy audi a force aa unliving Of iti-ail l'haraoh could cnminaml. In tin matter of royal ! ttiri'. it 11 certain that the whale had an nn uii.nai' advantage. Hut after .1,000 or 1,000 ynara, the delimit monarch, nf sea anil laml are mainly valuable for dom dn-t, anil arc rather air fertilizers at laat. From the hill one may nn whalea gamlsd 111 the Hay ol Monterey 111 the early pnng mouths. U hat a great laundry e.tnbh.hmeitt these fi-llowi might Hot 1111, if they only knew how to titih'1 their power! At present, theaa columns of iray lilown into the hori011 are only im-tu rraiill.. There ia a crave auanieion that the frieml, who. KfoBM ai i van! hlew the ijiray from hia mouth into the Hpon'e to In ant lor hrcail nl. I have much preferreil (hat the whale hail IM-rli.tmi it that othce. 1 earn aco, one of theae EBOOfton waa aeen llounilerinu almut in the hay all ilay lonn, H though in crent iliatreat. Tho tOUOWUMj nichl In- ilnfteil aihore, imd. Tin great hulk hail no mark of the awondliali nr tin w li.tleinan'a lance. The aailora aaiil that he uaa worrieil, teaae.l. ami, llnally hunted to deatl hy a llah calleil a "luiininer." How atrikiiiKly human like waa thia eiiicricncc nl tho dead mamma! ! There waa a trance laai ination almut twn re. kid veaaela, w hoae timlM-r bltdj could he aeen alaivo the aaml. MMBMt, in a itorm they would get ailnfl. So weird like ami mya Unnualy did the rue and fall on tho urging airarinc ami iiiaaiaukririg, ihnialing their raya, an that It may do it. work with regularity and moderation Tha I'nif. haa allow 11. hv ener iineota. Uiat il the intonaity of the Ml raya ia I timliera nut like arma imploring help, that one material I) noreaae.1 dy any optical aiiratua, 'might fancy they INN the apiriu nl theae Inat ma 1 nnuopnyi a. iren or rrgulat.ir, ia Iniiiiil t. veaaeia aiming t.ai k to piotent againat thi loalde Ui liioUx t the hyK.'hliirine 111 rla pro r ' hniken real. How trangely they aooentcd tho work, and .nidation aria 111 an rapidly that Ulh "torm ' When it miUided they would hnne uu -" '.( 1 . .1- 1 1 .1.. 1 .1 ' ... Ti I t t,i.pf.,,.o; 1 Mt.i oy" iii.oine are rrmirrril inert, me 0111 nun irre Rami woul.l Illiry the. ami Ilia plant illea. I tut iliaeovery oH-na an gain. there waa an .nld gemua in tho town eiiiiraiy new naiit tor ixilanii al reaean h. ami i lanneil theae wreckii hy ire.emiition. lunuahea aililitional eMileiiee that planta have a "hen hia hriamvi were low, and oredilnra raarulalor ol viul lonea, i-oneain.mliiig more preaaeil for mall lulla, he made hia payment noall) than the aimple 1 hloror.hyl to the heart eonditi..iie.l, aa to time, nn the coming ol tho nn.. .whu. ... m won mruier imxu ia gained vurrri which wuiini uniniry the wrecka in Ua dim linn of a unity of life between the I'mviden. c aaved him a deal nl hard hoveling atiima) and egeUdla kiugiloma hy railing the wind (or him. Then he drew Til. ..... orlltaii, llroni. u .., V . ,. . u . "on. the wreck to li, lamia. ir. ('. Hutar. a I .ennan mn maiyiimt. haa otnatmctol a aimide ilvviee hy which the circulation ol the Id- -I la made viaidlr in a I111 man auh)nrt. Ilia tnethial u aa (ollowa The I . d if II, r tudjaol ia pla. .-I in a frame, with who h u alao oonnea'tawl a imcmaow. 1'he head and inatrument are an pla.ed that the Urtre lip may U alighlly drawn out, and ila inner jutUna 1 ie-1 uptermoat un the atage of the run roaeoiie A lining light la then thrown upon the auriaoa nl the lip, the light lring 111 Xaaitieil hy uaa ol a eondeoaer. Thua arranged, the inatrumeiil ia aroierly Incuanl uan a mall at perl lot al tilwal veaeel. when the ohaerver may Uily aee the etnllaaa r. eeauon of Id... I , raj (aaexlea paaatiig through the minuto -wpillan. . the tad nt lata onea Iwng diatim Uy nteatltieil aa lilile whit aiioca, more or Laaa tin. Uv tlotling the WUB hwly ol liie red alnNun -I Id.aal. II,,. let 1 e may ultra ,ivh ol 01 maid era Ida imttnr lance Ui th me.ti.al laracUUtaaei, liy enaUmg kta la oaralnlly boU lite tanaUont in the 1. 1... I (tow, ami the relative txrtiooa ot the white twrjwattlea ia that fluid. Tbm h the lira! in etaaoe where Ike flow 0 the vital fluid ol one human twang haa le mad. t uuUle to another tliaatrraU.aaa aa to the ohara. ter ,. the Uotai have aavwieittre I wen mml apon that fluid alter it ha been drawn Irtwn Ike aul.je.-l. and. ol otaaratv, under carve meWn ea very wnlanirakla lot emulate drtavminali.ine. umave ni mil., hut gatiieretl miaurplua Hath not many a mine been cihauatod hy indi.crcet development ! A. long a. that oopM la.t.,1, Hob paid In. dehu imimlirally. If h. h. not M4 drawn In. laat copimr bolt, he .till en tiUeil Ui the hnancial itintrdeni of thia bwdU. and hu. k.ta.r.ng world. If. , ;.;,.,,.,,.,.; lorwata for Jly. Ami. Mr. W. II Itnti.l, I -ph.lt lor the lour.d.,,0,,,;,, If ViatiojiwithMvmiskkv. P. Ull'l Ml ft lir.M.r .....1 1 , ln.tit..t,.. i f, 1 ,; , or ding of mounted clet. wa .ean.l ,v. U the I'aria tihratmo. Th I an .li.integrator whnh. bttw Pit lined ih Uiummoti. ron. rorktal at .'! ,,.v,.l,., ...... . . . uu without naihle tie,,,,,,. ,prr crele le. tk. ..I..-. . " '" . 7 . ' '""anon aaeU.eMi, ieiiiie.i over a ra.nu. oj vanla eintoiu.in o ..sti.. . ... . M .now,, t , ,K L ,,( hUnmiana. raMiaei 11 "' uv. ,,.n.,.,To, rtanxr;.:?':.". flour mill. .! waak u,lulM' uu- a.,1 wh,.h ajwaJa h. ZmZS. oalde , an tuMii.ary loun.UUtm. ,. ' ' floon ( the mau.n.1 In, Un. ,. "lve TIIK MVSTERY OF EXCHANGK We preaumo that mot of our reader are awaro that tho quotation of foreign exchangu ropreaont a premium conaiderably in oxceaa of 11 fact' hul we doubt whether all of them kuow preciaoly what ih the dilierenoe. by the u.ago of banker., the old Spanish dollar ia aa.uined a the par of exchange, i'l sterling be ing equal to 4 4-9 of. these dollar.. In point of fact, however, in tho established money of Oraal llritam and the United State., 1 ater ling contained a much gold aa $4.87 of IT. S. m ini v; and thi. 1 the true par of oxchango or rate which munt ho uaed in converting the money of one country into that nf another, for in stance, it anything costs 100 in 1. real Britain, its true value expressed in tho money of the United States is $4S7. Accordingly, it ia a fact, familiar to all banker., that when exchange is Quoted at 10!lj, there is no real premium, but the true par has been attained; becau.o, if we multiply $4.44 4-9, w hich i tho nominal par, by 1091, which i. then the quoted rate, we get $4.S7, which i. the true par. Wo need scarcely a.1,1 that it i. owing to thi circumstance that the exports of gold from the United State, are not larger. If thore really existed auoh a heavy premium on bills of exchange, as many persons suppose, it would be immensely Drolit- ahle to export gold to (iroat Britain, In point of fact, in view nf the necessary oxpenae of freight, in.uranco, and In, of interest, the mar gin doe. not more than cover the risk. Tho U. S. half-oaglo, it may bo added, containB I Hi grains of pure gold, equivalent to SJi; the Brit Iih sovereign, or pound sterling, 1.3 Brain.. equivalent to$4.H7of United State money. Kxil.lt Mimnii IN SlHKitlA. The nonnlar idea of the fate of prisoners sontoncod to hard labor in the mine, of Nilwria is a aomowhat exagger ated one. It i. generally believed that a man condemned to work in the Siberian mine ia virtually condemnod to death; that when ho deacend. into tho mine, he nays good-byo to the light of heavon forever, being kept underground until ho dies; and that livinu aa ho r,hn d,. amid unhealthy lume., death ia not long inoc. n ing. A corre.pondont of the London Time, having heard thoao itatoment before he went to Siberia, apitcar. to have taken some trouble to ascertain whether thev are ban ne .j alter many inquiries, "common fairnou." ho writes compels me to sy that everv ono de nied that there waa any foundation for them." I'.ven, ho continue., "the f..,. DUI .u. iko so bitterly of the (iovernment did not bring this to their oharoe: nor did I aaaaat or the convict, who said as much." On the con rary, the silver mine were, .0 far a. ho could bin worked on the 12, and sometime, even the S-huur .y.tem; while in the gold mine., which he him.elf vUited, the men worked h. .uminer from (i in the morning till 7 at night, ith interval, of r,t fr mcaffc jn ykJJ '., alao, the men only worked for 12 hour a day, and an ollieer informal the writer that lav t'liTV'' ,W"rk0,i Rv"ott,a 10 " " I y "tight to be got through by an energetic workman in A two hmn JJJJ Hwtaa .l.il 1 . .""ui 111 niocria. At Lot, the i,ict. dn Zm " " tel." '"vor irom 1U el- lU . t ttn'"s ,,,nkin M Sp