May, 1880.
THE WEST SHORE.
140
TIIK UONHTKULTION OK OABF NMM.
Kollowiag Um interacting sabjoot of carp
culture, to which we alluded In our last
imui, we derou considerable ioe m Uin
number to e rental of torn of the requisites
t Ut oooatniclion of wp mid1i and the de
tula involved therein. In making thin ehowing
we shell drew chiefly from the writings if
lludolph lleeeel, who wu engaged hy the
United NUtee Kieh (oinmieaion to introduce the
ii l.j l in thie oouiiUy. It would he impoeeihle,
of uoarae, to give items of oooelruction to meet
ell needs, for ernne may hen one etyle of situs'
lion and olhera another. It will lie our purKe
more to raaeul Die niain requisites, and thine
oan be adapted l meet individual conditions.
The culture of oerp in California ia spreading
very rapidly.
i'- a i-i 111 ron QaM mm
If iaUndln to establish carp oiiiU, it will be
neoeaaary to aaoarUin the following Miinta be
fore the eiecution of the plan:
I la there a eullicient quantity of water at
band for all uurimeea, for the eunmier aa well
aa winter T i. la the ground, euil and wafer
favorable for culture ? 3. It u iinKirtanl to
eiamtne the land miuulaly, 111 order to lind
what are the oomponwite of the ami, for not
every kind ! eotl la auitalile for carp culture.
i It ought to be decided from the commence
men! how Urge the eetali liahment ia iuteuded
to be, whether only for private uae and pleasure,
or whether wholeeale product, .u uf the liih aa
aa article of trade u contemplated.
A rocky, gravelly grouud la not appropriate
lor oatp l Ulluie. Mainly gmuml, ithuut a con
aideralde 111 11 lure of loam, clay and humua, ia
"I aoiall um Mmell l.iiili with a aali.lv
torn may he improved hy eupplyiug them with
main, aa 11 ia llciueiillt Inio 111 aiincultiiri'.
The nwal lavorable water will alwaya U that
which romae (mm mere and brooks. I'onda
might I ouiiatruftcd which would tall thrm
elves with rain water dunug the winter or at
any other lime . Iiul such water lakes a mohly
ueie eaeiiv, who n it will communicate to U
fkahea, ae doee the water from boga alao.
la Karope, etpenence haa ahown that water
...uong Majj Irrtilo In Hi and meadows, rarrv
lag with It parUolea of oflal from vilUgea. ia
heel adapted fur carp culture. Spring water
direct from the ground la not favorable, an, I
ought to be conducted, for at leaal a few huu
drvd yarda, through wide, ehallow ditchoa, 11
onier Ui receive more nourubing oomioiirnU
" air aa e.ll aa ll.e rarth. ao.l ahoie all
k be warned to aunte eiteat by the euu ami
into the pond other fishes, especially the rapa
cioua pike. ,
The inlet sluices from the itream must ot
courae lie of a strong anil practical construction,
... 1I..1 ... ..... ii inninnibln and thev otlf nt
to be provided with gratings to prevent other
hea from intruding.
It ia an miliaiM naalilu condition for the culture
in ponds, according to established rules, that
they lie au constructed aa to allow of being
thoroughly drained, so that the lishes may be
taken out without any dilliculty.
If the sine of the iirincinal anil Biimilomcntary
mnda haa been decided on, the hight, depth and
in. llh must be measured, ana tne loveia 01 me
umarKi'iTio or imi nmtex
I'uevda tenet not I too deep, aa the water will
oe iuw aim win luulmi lean men u, hum
aad worma, which form part of the carp's food
heei.lee. thia liah d.m n.. grow ..uicklv I.I
watae, A depth id 3 leet 111 the center of the
1.1..I ii aulti.i.nl, u.aial.l the ..utJ.l aim., n
taay be Iraaa (. u. Meet deep, bat only for aa
area of I roan IMJ , ,,,,
deplbe nl Una WlecU,- the hehee aeek their
rwtttu place M te wiaUr. and aleo in aum
aver, waea the water la ton warm near the eilge
..miiuii ...an..! 1 i u Minimi,
The osta taut id tbe tend eh.,l.l
eWeawr than I loot for Ika dietawce of about Til
or 100 lea), an that Um water there taay be
wartaad am iWwghl) hi ihr aun
1 ovarii Ih, ...ui id Ik. pool, ud in ecoord
MM W1U ia aiae. a cavity id I man -Jo to 10 frrl
a taawu aau 1 iet .temper Ikaa Uw reat of th
1! " aerv, ih.
neaea m a reauag 4a la aaeaaaer aad .inter
inaaae ranuet are nailed " keUUa, aad
aaaikaa) a? la Um eat
IBM waav ui waae into tbe p.d ahoaU
ae v ue auawaaj au be Oirect. aa. lor ineUace,
. laaiuag nan ia l ate etaea caaaea tk
' na aa taMspurteiM Uaae, oarryia
... .
become a very tenacious mail, which will not
allow any water to penetrate. The completion
of this laborioni talk will be a source of ultimate
satisfaction, ai many disadvantages, which might
arise after the filling of the pond, will be done
away with through its agency. The dam should
not be made entirely of clay, for in mid-summer,
during the great heat, it would dry out
too much on that tide most exposed to the sun,
and consequently it would become fnll of fis
sures, through which the water would escape,
and this might become disastrous for the estab
lishment. PONDS RKQUIRKD.
To carry on carp culture in a regular and
lia. 1. PLAN OK A NATUUAL
ground and dams, if auch are needed, should be
carefully taken. The leveling of tho bottom is
1 1 1 1 11 11 iil to aasist in the determination of the
Iriith ot the ditches, "kettles' collectur and
outlet to be dug in it.
Mnunra ms ham.
In the erection of the required dam it is moat
imiorUiit that it be constructed of the very
beet material, so aa to make it eecure against
the destructive influence of the water. It ought
be three tunes aa wide at its base aa it. ia
high, and at the top the width should l the
same aa the hight The intorior or waterside
hould lie leaa inclined than the exterior one.
CARP-POND.
judicious manner, several ponds are required,
according to the various purposes they are
destined for.
1. The hatching pond,
2. The breeding pond,
3. The culture or regular carp pond.
Tho hatching pond serves more particularly
for natural impregnation and hatching, or rather
lor natural propagation generally, by placing a
number of male and female fishes in tne pond.
Here the females drop the eggs, during the
spawning season, upon aquatio plants, where
they are impregnated by the male.
Tho hatching.pond should not be as large as
I I IK lv ,
IWfireth f "imuiAli OABF POND.
Msat WMM ft is to Stji1,! j!. t,h! hreeding.pond; its depth not to exceed
..bp,,, ,,.,,.. S I 4HH IZ A Th portion, or, a. it is
ik. ii. . vo nve .., me inw Water marmn ahnnld oenerallv
reweted ih. .1.. i """ ' la
down of thia l..r . "P'ng
II. ia inannri Um aaaea aU ... ., " ."", In
"e lonndaUon will
V'"- ". bass, catfish, tritons. wats
". turtles and water lizards, rate and
"7r ,flS or voracious animals. A fine
? in,Preent the entrance of the former;
S ,h '"'. various traps are in use, and
o her mewu might u ft j rf th,
uou.lv rp?rt)!n' new ponds be assid
wd if Pt c1 of th n'1 mentioned,
Md of mky other, not named here.
'RWaSJi.U "ATTJEAL rONDS FOB CAW.
it . L ni te mk of natural ponds,
11 accetsarv tn .. i: L!7. .L . w.
"iniaip wnevner aney csm "