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About The west shore. (Portland, Or.) 1875-1891 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 1, 1879)
January, 1879, 34 THE WKST SHORE. EXPKRDUC1CTAL DRTKRMINATIOH Of 1 111: u:i.mTTY OF LIOBT. Allrt A. MIAllW. "( the t'. 8. Navy, read paper baton tin- AtfUfjOW Association o( S. mil . at lU lata nit'i'tiiiK, mi "The F.xpcri mental DHmiiiiiHwi "I the Velocity of. light" Tim paper wai pronounced nil" n( til" mult i 111 -irUnt nad Isfure it appropriate section. Mr. M laid Dial lull Hirer at 'irlltlata, FoMMit) H" ..au, ami, Ml recently, Cnrnu, have sought to riwritiicitUlly wrrUiii lli dlltau I the ii in. in Km artli. Konoaolt need thi method luwwa that il "WbMttl ' Revolving Mirror," Hie applteallM "I wbloh waa timt aug grat. d Iiy Aragu. Fiwauand OofM both used iMibtf nuihtrt. knownai that oi tin- "tootbad. wheel. " III Fuiirault'a eicruuciita the ilia. tan .' tlavrlac.l h tin ltK-ht was -II meters. The raMlt uMiImiI b) hint waa 165,900 milei sr t "it i Oorao'i station! were aiuiut 11 miles apall The l.lllll i.ht.iltinl hy him Wan I Mi, - lit III mile., ninth en I II.. I .1 r l.y I, UN) lllllea. The tilijo. lloll In Kitllcatlll' lilt-thud IH that the iluphviinetil, u-KkTi entera dirrctly in Innniila, ii vary unall, and therefore ilitlicull tn meaaiire a- vuralrly. The nhj.-rllnn tn I'lran's li that the total ilnaiH irantc ..I the light aa heeeiaartly iineartaiii. The uhjiHtl nf Mr. Mii'helmii'i cl Iterillicllta IN .. lin'teaae the dliplat f llu tit III the lint llliTlmil. I Im uan lie ilnne 111 several waya. III lly in en Ming the m j .. ..1 ol tin' mirror; (g) hy in rraaMiig the diaUui bttWtM the two mirrurN; (.!li increasing the radim nf measurement, .. ' . IM dieteoee Irnm the revolving tn the amir. In PoMMlYfl i- v H-ririiriit.i tin' IttMd (if the unit i a 4KI turn, ps a I. the ralma n( lliwitirriiiriil a al.nit mrtrr, ami Hie ilia. Mm bttwoM Mm nitron waaaboat 10 meten, I Im ii..U i iiii-nt ohtaim-d in ale. ut II s nllU MlM hi Mr Mu'helann i en riiiienti the I" I .1 Hi. nnrmr wai hut I'll turns MMf an Mi bill the ladllli of umailircuicllt aa frolil to HI I,. I duI ,nUiilv lnlWmj the imrron waa al.mt .'ml l,t, The displai cuu nl oliUni. ,1 vanl fmm ii :i of an m, I, Ui II li I nl an Inch, or almul '.II tiniei that "Mllnli Iiy F.ninault With a greater .luUnn In Wren the nim.ri ml a MMh apparatui be llptwted t.i otiUm a tliiplaorinenl o tan or Hurr tin In a ai. I to .... i..,,, it Ui ithin'oua Ihniiiamllh part nl an in. h l aliha of inWn atiou of the mlm-ily ( li(ht in an were given hy Mr. Mi. hcl.oi,, Ui mean mull lieinn K't .VIs inilri air I l'i'n I i run irmi (lux hn a per 114.I hi I'rof John T Or.Ua), at a mmi mnrUud nl tiie Nia Kugltml I 'ull.m Maniifa. lurira AaaiH iatiun, it a an that many of the mIi uaml lur lulm. aUn mai-hinvn may ) i laaanl aa ilanjriiini. hn.ua whan heatml to aultwnul ilaunw th. y throw nfl an iiillaiiitiial.lt. ia. l lit tin. ivi.l tl ii .l.mt.sl that ,. ul the animal ami i.-.-Halile 01U are even more luuarjoui than th.ta. ahiek are MrtUi) mn. l Itk rUi .U. lad that tie liijjlirr BtM of an win h) no m. an. a durante, of aalely An MOMKl waa hi. mi of itn. U.l umim r in the lutita Miila. LtnriMowa, Mr . t wh h ti. Ilamra, . n.Uliig the weanna h.m, ,,,,t rtm it la all dliwcnotu ..n a Inrl ..( ilmat i,., Ill IliMli Uie fl.aif, an.l attli mlli.-irlil heal I., well the Ira.) iMUtKvttnni la a km meter I at. .1 uaUta aame jjaiie of hltfht li,.,,, . h 1 1,. KM ha.1 lx-n I.Mluiialelv .l,i ,( , l-4 Kwi(lw lw taut he!... Il.t. I, ,, ao.inhe.1 Tim w.miI.I arem i .!,,. ,,,, aal..l ,.f UhmmUi rspor bugiag m tin NT, nil uS l) lh ml Kanl M lhr m, lm, .v.waf.l. .(mi',. i. Tlia (Ttinwav make OVMM i-i. 1. . OtWtotauiB,! alatil. mil. namel .n ,i, liat omni Um Mliturv .Iiii.Im a., a. I.. !,., otToti, ai II wwv, et crarlu. Till- RtnrKC'f OK KKAK 'S UN KAIL- IwritumaMi v.vv TRAINS. "U At a rwent meeting of the Institution of Me elianiLttl BagilMMfi at Mancheator, BogUadi " The Kflt t it of Krukm on llailway Trains" waa the Iflbjeot of a Mper hy ('apt. DoUglU (lalton, ('. II,, it iitiiiuatinn of a jmpi r reml liyhim at tin- Parii meetillg of tht institution. He de icribed minutely the remilts obtainad hy cxjicr lnionU "ii the London, Brighton anil South Ontlt aud Nnrtheasteru mil ways. Kveapitiilatnig wbatappearerl from tbeMexperinlenti to lc the I'Mt nlml i iimlitiniiH nl a L'oml ItraKe, no sain llie pretture with which the brake-blooki were ap Dlierl to the wheeli ihould he as Mab as iios- libit, .liort of tltf point which would cause the wheeli to he .kidded ami llide on the rails. In praotioe, and ae a (jtieition of safety, it was of th. Tree tee! Importance that, in the ease of a train traveling at a hili rate of speed, that ipeexl ihonld I", re. In I as rapidly as iMissihle on the flrtt application ot the DraKti, Knr in- itanCOt a hrake which reduced the speed from flOmllM an hour to 'Jll tnllel an hour, in say six it .tin. Im, had a creat advantage as regarded safety "cr n brake which wnuld only reduce Hi. ipeed from HO tn III miles an hour in the lame time, I he max muni pressure should he ipnlled t11 the W heell as rapidly as mssihle, and iinifonnly in all itarts nf the train. The skid ding of the wheel, so that it slid on the rail, waa altogether a miitake, lO far as rapid stopping wan oonoernerl in addition tn tins it must clear ly oatua a deteriorating eflbot in tending to force forward the rails ami sleepers; whereas, so long as the Ifheell OOtltinne to rotate, no inch effect would Im produoed, Railway oompa&iea, in . ..ii-nl. ring what form of hrake was host suited fur tralhe, must, whilst they gave full weight to the tiifi haniral conditions discussed in this paper, also MMrUin the dnrahilily and facilities lor maintenance ami repair presented hy the virioua syitema. It was further clear, from the present series ..f rxtrnts, that the universal ap plication nl continuous Itrakes would raise many quettintU as to . -trength nf the rolling stuck HON in use, much of which waa constructed originally to meet other mnditioni of trafflo, IN OUR SHTP.rtlTTTn INDUSTRY. So much is said about the impossibility of a revival of the ship-building industry in thii country under the present tariff, that we are glad to pick up every item bearing on the sub ject. Tho following statistics will be interest ing in this connection: During the fiscal year ending June 30th, 1878, ,T2 iron vessels were built, with a tonnage of J.r,0G0.29 tons. This record is second to the host record tho country has yet made, which was in 1874, when the tonnage aggregated 33,- 0117 tons. The next best record in tonnage was in 1H73, when it amounted to 26,548 tons. The number of iron vessels built during the put year was greater than in any other year, the year which most favorably compares with it be ing 1873, when 2f were built. Of the vessels built during tho past year, 9 were ocean pro pellers, varying in tonnage from 1,166 tons to 3,548 tons; 1 was a lake propeller of 306 tons; 1 was a stern-wheel river steamer of 1,028 tons; 7 were side-wheel river steamers, ranging from 1'.'8 tu 1,285 tons ; 13 were steam tugs, the largest of which measured 180 tons; and the re maining vcmncI was a yacht. The number of vessels and the tonnage will, this year, probably exceed that of any previous year in the history of the country. One of the latest launches was the fine steamer SV. John, for ocean and river travel, from the yard of the Harlan & Hollingsworth Company, at Wilming ton, Del. The St. Johiu is for the Charleston, Savannah & Florida Line, and her measurement is as follows: Length, 260; beam, 38 feet; beam over all, 64 feet. Her cylinder is 66 inches in diameter, with 12 feet length of stroke. At the yard of John liooch, Chester Fa., the double turreted monitor M ianlonomah, (invern ment vessel, is in hand, receiving her machinery ami finishing touches. Two other vessels are on the stocks, and a large number of men have recently been added to the working force in the yard, giving it a more lively aspect than it has wurn for some time. RkllNIINU nil EkaWUOKI It Capt .lames It. Kada, the well known engineer nf the iron bridge at St lsuiis, who hoa lung been con Meted with the jetties at the delta ot the Mis- natjppl river, has recently prepared plans for nruiKiiig the liiMplmriiK, thus cnniiecting IVrs wiiii me .maii.- shore, I apt. Kails was as Htm! in his oaJenlaMoM ami surveys hy A. 0. I i'iiIsmI, a civil engineer. The hridge will 1. B.UUO IMI Ion- ami NO feet wide. It will have lilt.-en ipans, ami will 1... almost entirely built """ The bight Of ther.ia.lway above the uil.ic.-uf the water will he 120 (ret, till f,,,.t rM than the elevation nf the llrtmklyn bridn ' ' ' "Wr " will be a span nf 7.V) feet, MM "I the longest spans ever contrmplated. The .'J1 r '' rtion of the structure will W BO (eet thick. I.inlt nf ..MA :. bkwkl (MteMd together with iron braces The "-mi. c are 70 f,,.t high fmm foundation to um.... . Ihe .,.tf Ihl mMN structure a e.Umate.1 al botn 118,000,000 and Hfi,0O0.. ODO, and i foan are dm a. M timr tu con . . .. BtMPwrt gran t, ar at ,,, .ml .. ti ,, fcrk will proUhly bdi mMMd nabjrinm, tbarewUl be mmUv u , , ' "eap lau.r can w I . ne III. r. ..Mr III tl,. mat will MOMtaliU follow llie Wolk Coaiinii i.ni,KK.H. Mr. Frani Beuttgenbaek gives the following recipe for the preparation of a coating for the inside surface of boilers to prevent the formation of scale: Gradually dis solve live pounds of a mixture of 25 parti of coloiilionium. two and one half parts of irrsuh- ite, ami two mid one-half parts of lamp hlack in 4(1 pounds of iKiiling gas tar, adding about one pound of tallow. The solution ii diluted with about 50 of the . petroleum and applied in a warm state. It has a pungent smell and should lie put on rapidly, the precau tion of using closed lanterns being necossary. Its ctfert is to cause tho scale to come off in large flakes when picked. -r can ne em- hie of prowrtv the t'ott,,.!..;.... mi it ii baliavad .ill i.. ' ., . U-.ll .lo,, .il..M,l,, m..,htowar,l.tl,r e, m - th. KI;hr.tr. Vail... nOmZ H it H" prrfrrrtMl muu- to Imha. ' M n o and rr. t 'rur, who kilU ...... , iijvp To Hkmovk Ink vrom Carpets. When freshly spillod, ink can bo removed from car pets by wetting in milk. Take cotton batting and soak up all the ink that it will receive, being careful not to let it spread. Then take fresh cotton wet in milk, ami sup it np carefully. I!eieat this operation, changing cotton and milk ach time. After moat of the ink hai been taken up in thii way, with fresh cotton aud dean, rub the spot. Continue until all disap pears; then wash the spot in clean, warm water and a littlu snap, rinse in clear water, and rub nearly iiry, ror 1UK Spou on 111." wismI or tiaiwr, apply ammonia cleai: just wet ting the spot repeatedly till tho ink disappear!. Ki'stip Stml Oratxs, First the rusted st.rl should i. washed with a solution of half an ounce of cyanide of potassium in two ounoee of water. Then it should be cleaned by brush ing with a past., made of half an ounce of cyanide of potassium, half an onnoe of cartile snap, one ounco whiting, and water sufficient to '"nil a paste f the whole.
