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About The west shore. (Portland, Or.) 1875-1891 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 1, 1877)
October. THE WEST SH ORE. 19 TrjE Wesj Srov, A Sixteen rage Monthly Illustrated POpsr, published NnUl, Ukkoo. by L BAMDKL .r. WeaUnksaa M. TKllMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, (lueludlng PtaMaf, l,. al,y part of the United 8Utes): me enpy, one year f , Single Number JDoeiita rMtage to foreign countries, S5 cents additivnsl t& 8uhcriptirii nuist (e aid in dvance. and all wr. willnuwmd, be stoj.M the e.,d ol the tiu.o U.-J fr. JMIUWUUM can t marie by registered letter or hi ider on my nf the Portland business house. OBTAINING COLORING MATTER FROM COAL Dnring the past few years the coal-tar colors have been in much favor, and various chemists have given great, attention to their production. Dr. Meuscl, of Hreslau, says the London Mining JuUUmt, iia uurt UlVeuted a UroOOSS according to winch fossil coal, camiel, anthracite, or bog head coal are treated advantageously in line powder with oxidizing chemical compounds by ordinary or higher temperatures In suitable vessels. The most advantageous method of carrying out these improvements is to heat the different coals, finely powdered with nitric acid or with potassic or sodie nitrate, and sulphuric acid. Also potassic chlorate or potassic chro mate, or hypochloride of lime, or compounds of manganese, may be used for the reaction, with or without an acid. By the acti.m of nitric acid, or nitrates with acids, compounds of nitre gen with oxygen are doveloiied, which are to be used in the manufacture of sulphuric acid or Balto, containing nitrogen bound to oxygen. Coala treated in this manner undergo a great change; a great part of the coal cau now be extracted by caustic alkalies, and by ammonia, or by the carlionates of Boda, or potassium, advantageously. By heating the solution of alkalies with the product of the above treat ment, a deep brown-colored solution and a black residue is obtained. The black residue is a deep black covering color, which may be used for lime color (glue color) or oil color, or with bono black, or, instead of bona black, soot or graphite. It may also be applied for the black for printing, or for blacking, and washing, painting, besprinkling, or other like purpose. The brown solution of the alkali salts may be used directly for coloring, for instance, by fluids, by soap, or otherwise. The solutions give, by evaporating the alkali salt, and by decomposi tion with metallic salts, new salts of metals, which are to be used as colors. By the method of decomposition the salts of stroutian, of barium, of magnesia, of aluminium, of manganese, of iron, of cobalt, of nickel, of zinc, of cadmium, of load, of tin, of copper, and chromic oxide are obtained, All these Ixxlies are black, black brown or brown colors, which may lw mixed with other coloring matters. They can Ihj used for painting, printing and coloring. These colors aro obtained as precipi tates and can In; purified by water. The alkali solution can also be decomposed by the soluble metallic salts abort (cotton or wool), and may so be used by the .Iyer. The alkali solution can also be decomposed by acids; a black brown precipitate is obtained, which may be washed in water, and which may also be used as a coloring matter. This black precipitate is the acid in which the coals are partly converted by the treatment with oxidizing compounds. By these means fossil coal is oxidised, and the black residue obtained by the decomposition of the oxidized fossil Ooai may le applied as a coloring matter to various useful purposes. The product of the oxidation of fossil coals is soluble in alkalies, and the comiwmnds of t Lis im I ;. nt oxidation may be applied as a coloring matter w T&rious oeenu purposes. burnivuuH or Naval AtOHmon. This institution is a favorable instance of the rapid growth of societies with a clearly-defined object Since it was launched, in 1(W0, it has increased greatly in importance, and has done excellent service in directing the attention of naval architects to the scientific side of their profes sion. There is ample evidence that good shuts were built in the olden time by rule of thumb, as people spoke intelligibly before grammar was invented; but there can l no doubt that the reduction or elevation of any kind of human effort to scientific rule is invariably a gain. Now that sliipbu tiding, especially as applied to warlike purposes, is passing through a period of transition, the delilwrations of scientific marine architects are wculiarly valuable, inas much as, until a groat sea-tight actually occurs, scientific theories must regulate the construc tion of our fleet. It was a happy idea to inau gurate a series of autumnal meetings by a visit to Glasgow, the great stronghold of the iron shipbuilding trade since that branch of industry has been driven from the Thames. The figures quoted by I - i i Hampton show, indeed, a serious falling off in the building trade of the Clyde; but while 174,000 tons of shipping per annum are turned out there is no need for despondency. We must confess that we do not follow Lord Hampton in what apiears to us his inordinate admiration for sailing vessels. More partic ularly calling for remark is his observation that "in our men-of-war he would rather see auiiliaiyscrewsthansalelyscrews.'' We thought we had enough of sailing ironclads when the ('njtlain went down. Iron. PmmrATloN or Wool The process, pat ented some time ago, for the removal of straw, burrs, etc , from wool, by treatment to sulphuric acid, has been modified by Use, as follows: The stuff is worked for one or two hours in a bath consisting of about SO gallons of sulphuric acid, nf three to six degrees, one pound alum, half pound salt and 1M grains borax. It is then treated in a centrifugal machine, and aftewards subjected to a temperature of I ' to 248. ror removal of the acid it is first washed with pure water for an hour and a half, then treated tor two hours with fuller's earth, soda and lime, and tinaily washed for two hours with fresh water. As sulphuric acid can only leniployed with oncolored cloths, or such as have been dyed with indigo, chloride of tine aod chloride of manganese dduted to six degrees ore snb titated with fabrics otherwise dyed. LETTERS TO BOYS AND C.lliLS. HEAR OnilDIUM t I behave I mar) .!! j little ones, what I can see as I sit in the sitting room u a tarm-iiouse and look out aiSong the uwtninn ton veramia. It is something that looks like a small camel with a lady on its back. mi wnen one looks closely they discover that it is a crook-necked suiiaah uifh .;!. stuck in for legs, and a rusty nail for a tail. A part oi the hump on its kick is taken out, so that a little doll dressed in pink silk can have a seat there and take a ride. There the little ladysita. Wit upright, while the long neck of her beast rises before her anil he really has quite a resemblance to that "ship of thede'sert." a camel This animal was manufactured br ittle Miss Winnie, and she is a sister of the boy who washed dishes SO uicelv for bis mamma, whom 1 told yon about some time apo. Now, mimie wants me to go up m the cham ber over the woodshed, and see her play-house 1 have to 1 sure to ring the belL This is done by pulling a string which is hanging down he the stairs. A "really, truly" door-bell is tied to a Btick, which is stuck into a crack at the head of the stairs. To that stick is tied the string which every one who goes there must pull. In this chamber there are various things, such as benches, stoves, dried Wans, peas, com, etc., but one is not expected to see them at all. The place where they are is supposed to be the door yard. I enter Winnie's kitchen, where there is, of course, a stove. If it is little parlor stove instead of a cmtk-atove it makes no dif ference, for one can play cook just as well, SOU know. The OOTQer of a wool-press answers for data, Perhaps 1 will tell roe In my next letter of the playthings 1 used to have, ami how I made them. W. .'. J., i ,WW A Qjwrrons Cattli Dnun ts Ohio. A dispan h from Cleveland. Ohio, says: A terrible cattle plague has broken out in the suburbs and the country surround nig this citv. The veterinary surgeons of the vicinity have care fully investigated it. and pronounce it a iptefei. of Texas fever. It originated probably by the Importation ol Texas cattle. This rear these annuals arv covered with ticks of two varieties, whose bite is a deadly pois.ui. The blood im pregnated with the virus of these ticks Hows to the liver, where it destroys the delicate seeretionarv membrane, and Aran there to (he kidneys, whence it is pasted to the bladder, lie disease was at first thought to lw ml water. Cattle aro dying daily. The milk and beef are impregnated, and the animals are often o far cne wore they are known to lie ailing tkat no help remains for them. Several eases of children Wing (K.isoued in the city from jiar taking of the milk have already come to notice, and the people are thoroughly alarmed. The Leader will publish, to morrow, a long state ment from a surgeon who has treated more than 40 cases, and made a careful post-mortem examination of the bodies. Re savs that it can be cured if taken in time. Ktl plan is to wash the animal with a lotion, which actsasa disinfect ant for the ticks and an antidote for the poison. The affected lccf is quite readily detected by a skilled eve. The fatty portion is brownish yellow and the lean quite red. When excised to the air for a short period, this meat becomes putrid and ef a dark brown color. The disease is very infectious. Cattle bsoMM infected by THE PEARL BUPPLY, The results of the Ceylon pearl fishing ear ried on during the months of March and April of the present year, says the tlritUfi I JowwU, an reported to" have been very satis factory, the yield of oysters having lecn larger than in any season since I860. The hanks known as the South-Kast and KostChcval 1'aars and tho Modregam IWwere selected, after ex amination, as bsUU in the beat condition for fishing, and nearly 7,000,1X10 oysters were brought up m the SO days on which' diving was c.irncd on. Active oiortioiis were interrupted by bad weather on two days only, ami, al though the government bad given notice of only IS days' fishing, tho oysters were found to bs so plentiful that the diving was continued for twice that length of time. Over 1,000 Kts were engaged " the fishery, of which, however, only 130 were "diving ' loats, and of these 100 were selected for the fishing, and sent out in two divisions 'of SO ou alternate .!. The anticipations of a )oor season had restricted the attendance of divers, and as only alout oO of these appeared, they had SO work every day. instead of, as usual, on alternate days. Only one-fourth of the oysters brought up 0 to the divers' share, the remaining three fourths go ing to tho government, and bring sold .lav by day to the dealers and traders who attend the auctions from all parts of India, and even from China sad other Donatories, The average rate realized was 30 rupees, or 88 Ufa )ht 1,01st oys ters, and tho Iota produce of the government share was shoal IMMMM rupees, or t'llMXH), or nearly double the estimated yield. Ths result of the fishery in is;i was only 1,700,000 oye ters. Silavaturai is the headquarters of the fishery, ami 4,000 or 5,000 persons were brought Ksf ef '' '''fflJiiah, atable, even for a dining-ublo; except when com pony comes ; then they can eat in the iiarlor. i ne potior wme m niaile of tioartis laul DpOB bliKrks, and when it has a good large table-cloth upon it no one would know that the top was rough lioards and the legs only Mm-ks. The floor is carpeted with a piece of inc. The walls (a door oti one snic makes a goo( wall, as It has been put up here until it is wanted below, and boanls are used for partitions are highly orna mental with pictures which have txn thrown aside by the "big folks.' A looking-glass in a iHirr lnwne nangs so nign mat v mm. ean just see whether her very curly hair is "all right" before she receives her visitors. The dollies bed stands in one corner. This is carefully covered with moaqnito bar, so that none of the doll family need be troubled with rlies. What if there are holes in the netting, the dollies nerer mind it, so I must not. Winnie's nicking chair stands near the bed, and that or some old stools do for seats for company. Now, 1 have had an object in view while tell ing you about Winnie's playthings. I know that some children take as naturally to amusing tbcmselvee as "ducks to the mud,' while others are sighing from one week's end to another for "something to do," or "something to play with." Bleos you, my children, there arcqiun tities of plaything lying around if you only knew how to fix them up a little, so that they will be real nice to play with. Perhaps you nave no summer squashes to make into camels, but, if you can do no better, you can take a little block of wood and have four nails for legs, and a fifth for a tail, and two tacka for horns. I have seen whole droves of cattle gotten up in that style. If there is no shed chamber in which you can have a play-house, and no room inside the bouse or sbed, why, the world is wide, and there is almost always room out of tOTTINi; STALLION "AHMIMSTKATOIt. contact with the vims dtMtajM upon the grass by I - i cattle while fwding, and by drink ing from a stream which has flowed through a mature containing diseased cuttle. The plague will prove very disastrous in this dairy section if it is not immediately chocked. The symp toms are a heavy falling off in milk, end bMody urine. Ieath folb.ws in a few hours. A F'AMOl'S TROTTtNa STALLION. The accompening engraving shows a thor oughbred trotting horse, whah is a type of a race of animals largely used for the improve ment of the common horses of tho coiiutry. This is the interest we have in trotting aaimals. Speed is a very valuable characteristic in the horaea which aru hrod for general purpow', aid from the thoroughbred trotting stallions this element of sjioed must come. The nobili ties of the horse are not hedimmed by the abuses of the race track. The horse is "Ad ministrator," and is owned by Col. Stevens, of I'oughkeepsie, one of the leading New York horse breeders. We have never seen thu siiimo, but the likeness is nronounceit faithful and lifo. like. "Administrator" was sired by Itysdyk's "Hamls ltoiiian," his first dam. a fast trotliou mare, by "Memliriiin Chief," his second dam bv "Arabian Tartar." third dam by "Durco Vfeesengrr," and, in addition, nothing more need he said of his breeding as an impressive trotting sire than U refer t the fact that ne is the nearest jmaeihle combination of the Mood of the two great trotting families of Kyarlyk's "Ham MbHiien" and "Mambrino Chief," that have produced themselvei, and through their sons and daughters, over I performer that have ma.ie a reocnt r.i ",p or better. fa) tho village in connection with the fishery. The prod nee of pearls was very good, many Urge, ami valuablu fmoefoMU having boafl found. The method adopu-d for obtaining the Harls is to place the oysters in a large vessel called a MUM, and allow them to remain there till the fUh beoomos putrid, when the shells are easily separated, and, the mass being washed in water, the pearls fall out and are picked up. The excellent results of the lateseasou'a fishiug are attributed t the measures adopted by the Ceylon government for eriodically injecting tho Wds or hanks of oysters, and arranging for the fishing of thwe only which are found U boine"npe state for fishing. A pearl hank may bs either too young ortooold to product; gnd pearls, and it is only by careful examina tion id the ground and a erimlical selection of samples that the pr' r time for flihing can tie ascertained. At present it is tho custom for a hid ti le fished v once in three years, and the ('hnval Paar and Mcslregsm l'aar, the sc ene nt this year's nneratmim. wdl . . rr.n.t. k1 i... fiahml again till IKHO. noble Indian is fast failing away. Step by' step be has been driven toward the netting sun. I find it extremely diftieiilt to find him even now Soon the last mirvivor will .,....( LI.L It. "... ill uign UM0 in. western horizon and, jiausiug to wipe a tear ! " t'iewa nsrs: .tletlimks I bear Chief J.wepb at work stcalinu hone. again." 1 Cowmrrii n don't like to be behind and don t want to brag on nutmegs and hams, e she eggs on Willimanticto brag about pigweed seven feet high. Our alfalfa roots are 20 feet high, down in, aod we onon saw an oat root sit feet loog.