216
THE WEST SHORE
July.
PRIVATE RAILWAYS.
A HW lino of railway to connect the seaside
village of Felixstowe with the Orcat Eastern
yte m has just leen njteiied to the public, hav
ing been surveyed by Captain Tyler on the
part of the Board of Trade. The new line dif
fers from all others in England in being the
property of a single owner, Col. Tomline, for
merly If, P, for tirimsby, who ho notonly con
structed it at bin Dole cost, but in ahto working
it himself, with Inn own engines and rolling
i-l. Thu line is II1 miles long, and joins the
Oreat Eastern at Westertield, about 10 minutes'
run from Ipswich. The line presents no en
gineering dlfflonltiw, rowing ulmost on a level
throughout, and on a dry ami easily-worked
soil, so that it has bam completed within 20
nionins oi ii commencement. Until very
recently it was intended to Imj worked by the
(Ireat Eastern Company, but this arrangement
could nut bti carried into effect, aud the new
engines ami rolling stock have been built by
the Yorkshire Engine (,'ompany, ami delivcrel
in eight weeks from the receipt of the order.
Tutting aside colliery lines, it is lielieved that
the only other example in the United Kingdom
of a line of railway owned by ft single proprie
tor is furnished by one auction of the Highland
railway, which belongs to the Duke of Suther
land. Bat tliis niece, although it is his (trace's
property, is worked by the Highland Company,
and is continuous witli the other sections of
their lines, in which its identity is merged, or
almost lost. Col, Tomline standi alonu in hav
ing a railroad which is not only his property,
but also miller his control. Me has spent, it is
said, a quarter of a million sterling in the
umhrUkmg. Mr. J, BoblUgton Mncuiiluy,
agent to Mr. Edward Crupper, writes to the
Twice, " I 'crimps you will allow me a small
comer of your inlliienti.il columns to correct
the paragraph referring to ownership of passen
ger railways by single proprietors. The
Maocloebog railway, now working into the
heart of North Pembrokeshire, and terminating
at his slate ipiarrics, a lew miles from Fishguard,
is the entire freehold property of Mr. Edward
Cropper, ami worked entirely by his servants.
engines and rolling stoek, for liotli passenger
ami IRWdl purposes. As regards public spirit
ami enterprise, there is strong affinity between
the two oaaea in point) but where Col. Torn
line's effort! have tea him through U miles of
ttry ana eaiuy-woriteu toil to bit goal, those of
the other gentleman were met by deep rook
cuttings and valleys, mountain and moorland.
river and foreeti In the onune of nine miles of
railway, forming U variety of dlilloultlei and of
si i ner in fiii'ii a lioi I ili-lan. aliuo; inih.ir-
aUelwL"
Mr. .1. Drover) M. but C. E.. alao writea
from '.I, Victoria Ohumburn, S. VV.I "As you
have drawn attention lately In yonreolammi
to CaL Tomline ami the Duke of Sutherland
aamatvmuaj propnatoraol railway, I take the
opportunity oi rating that Col. VoUaod, the
ROVernmoUt Inspector, has finally passed the
lb in. I lieuiti-,teal rUUWaV. a line ulna mllns
long, connecting the Midland and Northwestern
lyetomi in Hertfordshire, nhloh has Ik..u oon
tmotod by me for a ningl proprietor, Mr. .1,
.1. Harrow. The line tuu ttofti heavy work)
Upon il, mid will bo of ere..! Mtviea to the tils
triol through liioh it pass. .; therefore 1 think
the name el the gcu t Icniau at w hose cost such
portant local undertaking lias Won carried
out dooervei to Ik recorded among thoae to
whom the public art Indebted for useful publto
worn oi hi i i mitli
A BrjRPMITt A surfeit in man is called foun
der in a horse, and is over eating, eating more
than the stomach OH pOOtibly convert into
healthful blood Wise men and careful men
will sometimes inadvertently eat ton much,
known by a feeling of fullness, of unrest, of a
discomfort which pervadea the whole man. Un
der mii'li circumstances, we want to do some
thing lor relief; aoOM eat a pickle, others wal
low a little iucgar, a large number drink
brandy. Wo have swallowed too much, the
lyitem is oppressed, and nature rebela. Inatinoi
to th.
IBM and t :ik i
I app.
tit.'. t prevent our adding lo the burden I
mnraal or a drop, The very anient surest, ami
least hurtful remedy, Il to Walk briskly in the
open air, rain or shuio, miii, hail, or hurricane,
until them is very slight moisture on the
skin, that) regulate the unit, no m to keep the
pemilraUonj at that pnlnl nntd entire mini u
attoidcd, indicated by a general abatement of
the iliaconilorl; lint ns a violence has i
..it. i, -I to the stomach, and it leu. been wearied
with the evtra burden ImpOOOll BpOU it, the
naxl regular im al should be omitted altogether.
Such a course will prevent many a sick hour,
m mi v a cramp, colic, many a fatal diarrhea,
IMfi enrwu
Nku lt.Kis oron nil ru of BnuiL -Steam
at ordinary niooonro. aanl into aallw an
Intrant on whieu 11 bni no ehtwiwl actum.
gives a n of temperalure that seems at tirM
sight parmlouc.il, the temperature produced
Utng ftluays hulur than that of the steam.
.V.iMrr eayi that M M.dicr, of the Berlin
Chemical Ntciety. h. baM u atudviug the phe
nonunion. CUofntt ul mdiom i one of the
uha to tiu a aolntlon ofi U inlHtaanUj vm
nut rat .h l to Itavo a boding - c.i of Igj mav
Is- ranwsl to sinii.lv by sending itMin into
It at I IX i Here, then, the iteam produces
riv of i.'i above its own teiiiperatimv The
moiv concent rate. I the solution the higher ii
the rise. M Midler pofarui out, m explanation,
that aline solution at Itkl atworb the steam
at the same tempvntiir, and the nsult it a rin'
ainlognna to that prodnend when a gas, Ulu
ammonia, i iliaanrvjd in water. TltcM- vxH-n
iinls throw n. w light on tin- n.iitrvertl
.Uetion, hat U the temKratiira of the steam
which escape- from a e..nceiitrat.sl and Unling
solution! 1 it !--i or a temperature near that
of U'diuy of the olutionT The new result
seem to U- the latter and common
view,
Ui little be) p!u things and ipcak balpfnl
wonli whenever t.ui can. I'liev are U'tter tiiaii
Mtnaaf dfttnaaiMI lostrvw along the rodmdeof
life. They will yield a far inorx- valuable bar
vot, as you will lind after many days.
HUNCH (JKA.SS OF MONTANA.
The rTooTy Mountain Huthamlman, itian arti
cle on bunch grass, says: There are aeveral dif
ferent varieties of this grans, two of which are
the most popular ami generally known; one with
a blade that resembles blue grass and stems
which nm up in a cluster and bear seed much
in the same manner that blue grass does, except
that it does not form a tuft but grows in
bunches, and is found ustii the high, rolling
bench lands, parks and mountains. The other
kind grows more frequently upon thefiratlwnch.
The blade is sharp, the beads all turn to one
side, and from the broad boot on the seed stalk
it is often called "Hag grass." As to quantity
Hir acre, there is but little or no difference. The
latter is usually preferable for cattle, but the
former is thought to be best for sheep, yet either
is very line.
These grasses Btart forth in early spring and
grow very rapidly. If there have been heavy
siiowh during the winter and the ground is well
saturated with water, if there are frequent rain
or snow storms as the spring opens, the oron of
the gram II headed out by the first of June, and
our Tmuudlcas prairies and bills are l.cuit itnl as
a waving licld of grain. The bight of the grass
is usually from VZ to IS inches, with bladesfrom
eight to 13 inches long, yet under very favor
able circumstances it grows much taller. We
have seen miles ami miles of liencli lnnds along
our mountain sloiies which were one vast sea of
bunch gross fully W inches high and thick
enough to mow; in fact, we have seen large
ricks of hay of this grass, but the grass is so line
that the laW of making hay is too tedious for
most persons to engage in. l!y the lost of June
the beads ri!ii ami in ordinary seasons the
blades are all cured by the middle of July, and
the whole landscape is brown as a field of grain
ready for the sickle and would bum If Mt on
tire. In exceptional seasons, such as the last,
the blades of the grass remain green and con
tinue to grow until Septemlwr. There is, how
ever, no mlvantugo in its remaining green, as
then; seems to bo no perceptible dill'erence in
the fattening of stock. In fact, we are inclined
to the opinion that the carlv cured is the bent.
There is no time of the year in which stock take
on fat faster than in the latter part of summer
ami early fall.
The cured grass retains itu nutriment all win
ter, from tlie fact that wo have no drenching
rains in the fall to bleach it, the light snows
which come in early winter and melt oil' soon
only serving to moisten it and make it more
palatable. When wo have latu summer rains,
and the grass remains green until full, should
frost come early it iH injured, and stock d t
seem to keep in good condition during the win
ter as when it dries up early, as is generally the
man. DnrUlg the w inter the low lands and
sharp foothills am for the most part free from
snow. Usually the snow is chased away by the
Mind, ec.pt that hieh is driven into the thick
clusters of grasn and lies bedded OJltonif the old
dead bladet of other yeam. In grazing, tin:
stoek gather up more or less snow, which sencs
in a great measure as a ubatitutoenr wnter.
When the snow departs in the spring stock gu
to the foothills, following up the receding smn, ;
the grass which Ilea covered all wmlcr le rol-
laheu beetf beaidee the young crop itarta Ural
am! grows fastest among the sharp hills. In
UieStaUs, gnin gras in early spring apMrs
to have a weakening elici t Upon stock, but lu re
it comes forth among the old crop, and is so
well mixed that there is scarcely any diffareooe
between it and dry feed.
Bunch grass will not yield an acreage equal to
other graaaoa, but it does not require near the
quantity ol this to susUin stock and keep them
in a Nourish inn oondition as is ranulmd of qamm-
and 1c" nutrinoua food; it apnronohei nearer
hi gnua man rajming or which we nave any
knowledge. A poor home, turned out here,
seems to thrive and get in serviceable condition
quicker than if corn led in the stables.
Dnr Bra Lira, The mvatcrv of daan .-
life lies in the tact that their an-' multitudes of
repraeentattvea ol the animal world which, in
virtue of their auimality, an. incapable of nour
ishing themeelvaa Upon inorganic matter, yet
which are living miles bolow the limit at which
vegetable lite ceases. Some of the organisms
foUJld Hi deep sea soundings are undoubtedly of
a ei;etable nature; but these are surface-living
diatoms, or other lorms, which sink when tiny
lie. 'Ibis animal lite at the sea bottom is
capable of appropriating as food the organic
ni.iuci lo in nohe.l ill the OOean water, as
well a the inorganic sulistancts necessary for
"o "" " 'i "sen-ion aim me gases re-
qnired tor reiptratton, For lite at the bottom
ol the sea is oscutially like all other animal
lit. ; it requires food to eat, air to breathe, and
minerals from which to elals.rato its frame
woik. Can-fill exH niiieiit has lalved the dif
Acuity: the nrfaaVlivini nutriment dmassvls
alter death; slowly and laboriously the hie-"H-t.o
c .xvecn makes its wav fn'on tb -nr.
lace to the d,i.tw when- aojd and darkness
nigu, and as slowly tlto pohKHWttl carlH.uic
a id th reault alika Of life and death makes
its way to the surfaw. Thus, just such life u
-mm exist under the diflonit conditions therv
present, IfOM exist in enormous extent. Seriih
0TT01I Sun ta BOTLUn FvtnirC A Florida
ls'r mentions a new use to which cotton seed
has rwently Uing put that is of no little mi-I-it.
It i- in the sham- ot a nouc.ii.lo.. (,..
oover for eteom boilara, and is deaoribed thua;
It is tnw cortical jwirt ot the seed with the lit
tle funa atUched that is Med, A layer of these
cotton s.isl hulls is jnit arouad the boiler with
the aid of slats, and then the whole is covere.1
with a layer of plMteriuv. VVrtb IB pounds of
st.m on the surfaoe of this ca.ug it was Iwndv
warm; and we an- assiind that lsth in the en-
gilie aud tin' nv.ini the t em e rat lire has been
greatly n-diiced, H as to be much less opprs
sie, since the easing wm put on. This seeiiw
to Is) something entirely new, and thougli in
the present instaoiv it is highly satisfactory,
the rty who tried it thinks he can suggrat
some improvement to M wilder the tnui xMii-
tuciing ot heat still more perfei-L
OL'H COCNTRY'S ORIGIN.
Our fathers came hither from a land to which
they were never to return. Hither they had
brought, and here they were to fix their hopes,
their attachments and their objects. Some
natural tears they shed as they left the pleasant
alxslcs of their fathers, and some emntious they
suppressed when the white clill's of their native
country grew dim in their sight.
A new existence awaited them here; ami
when they saw these shores, rough, cold, bar
barous and barren, as they then were, they be
held their country. Before they reached the
shore they had established the elements of a
nocial system, and at a much earlier period had
settled their fonnB of religious worship. At the
moment of their landing, therefore, they jhis
hcssciI institutions of government and institu
tions of religion. The morning that beamed on
the first night of their repose, saw the pilgrims
already established in their country. There
were political institutions, and civil liberty, and
religious worship. Poetry has fancied nothing in
iOfl wanaannai ot neroes nn nisrmer nnn eimr
anteriatio. Here was man, itidecd, unprotected
and unprovided for on thu shore of a rude and
fearful wilderness; but it was politic, intelligent
and educated man. Everything wob civilized
hut the physical world. Institutions contain
ing in substance all that ages had done for hu
man government were established in a forest.
Cultivated mind was to act on uncultivated
nature; ami, more than all, a government and a
country were to commence with the lirst foun
dations laid under the divine light of the Chris
tian religion. Happy auspices of a happy futu
rity! Who would wish that his country's ex
istence had otherwise begun? Who would de
sire the jHiwer of going back to the ages of
fable? ho would wish fur other emblazoning
of his country's heraldry, or other ornamental
of her genealogy, than to be able to say
that her tirst existence was with intelligence;
her Brit breath the inspirations of lilierty; her
lirst principle the truth of divine religion.
THE RESPONSIBILITY OF AMERICAN
This lovely and this glorious lilierty, these
benign institutions, the dear purchase of our
fathers, are ours; ours to enjoy, ours to pre
serve, ours to transmit. Generations' post and
generations to come hold us responsible for this
sacred tiust. Our fathers admonish us with
their anxious jiatemal voices; posterity calls out
io irs irom ine iiosom ot tne tUturej the world
turns hither its solicitous eyes all conjure us
to at U bjely and faithfully in the relation which
We sustain. We can never, indeed, rtav thu
debt which is upon us: but by virtue, by tnor-
uii. ut nuupuu, uj me cultivation ol every
Rood principle and every good habit, we may
mme io enjoy the i.lessniy UtfOUgh our day, and
to leave it unimpaired to our children, Let n
feci du ply how much of what we are and of
what wo posess wo owe to this liU'rty anil
these institutions of government. Nature has,
indeed, given us a soil which yields bounteously
to the hands of industry: the mighty aud faith
fuloeean bof ore us, and thu skies over our
heads shed health and vigor. Hut what nre
landl ami skiei ami seas to civilized man with
outs.si. ty. without morals, without religious
culture; ami how can these Ihj enjoyed in nil
lin n extent and all their excellence "but Under
tho protection of wise institutions and a free
government ! There is not one of us who does
Dotal this moment and at every moment, expe
rience in his own oondition and' in the wudiuon
of thoae moat near and dear to him, the innV
enoeand benefit of thie liberty aud thoae iiisti
tutlone. Let us then acknowledge the blessing;
let us feel it deeply and pou crtully; let ns eher
Uth a strong atlectioii for it. and resolve to main
tain and perpetuate it. -Dankl If abater,
i .... um Mi.-i.ip iimiscmmi is complete with
out a sister. She jjivei the finish to the family.
" "'oiii-m v; m un can i e
inon-hallowed! A sister's watchful care; can
swyMHiw nun icmter : , siter s kindness;
mo worm snow us anything juirer!
nrw n.oiei . n sisier IH a
sort ot gWUtlian angel in the home circle. Her
HUMS .ili.lxlliii. v..... BL. 1. 1 . Jl
. j T. ' ' ",l quicM iicr
oi yoo.1 raaolntlonei the sunshine in the path
w.n of home. To every brother she is light
ami life. Her heart is the treasure-bouse of
eonlideiiee. In her he tun I rt safe adviser, a
charitable, forgiving, tender, though often
seven-friend. In her he finds a ready com.
painon. Her sympathy is open as day and
weel :i the fragranoe of fjowero. We pity the
brother who has no sister. DO sister's love. We
feel sorry for the home which is not enlivened
by a sister'i presence. A sister's oltice is a
noble and gentk one. It is hen to parauode to
urtue. to win to wisdom's wavs; gently to h-ad
where duty . alls; to mard thedmdel of home
with the Uaepleei VIgUanOa of virtue; to gather
araoai Ud itreW Sowen anuiml the home altar
lo be a s.ster i to hold a sw.i t place in the
Heart ot noma, It is to minister in a holy
office,
Loxotvrrr or mi Ishakutks, nr. H. w
l.'lchardsou. of I.ndon. I. p... tin ;'
catcd this subject. The result of Ins research
has shown that, both on the continent and in
Knylaml. Jews possess a higher vitality than do
the poerol communitv bv whom they are st)r.
reuude.1. Tracing Uie cauws for this greater
longevity, lie says he cannot attiieh ts much
ImjNHrtOMe to the sanitary laws that obtain
jUtmng the Jews, instancing those in regard to
diet nlnnNnne ami alwtmetuv fnmi stnun:
dnnk In fact, the Heealogue fn-m WginninJ
to end is one sanitary less,m. teaching them to
siitslue the (ussions which torimnt the bram
and distress the body.
"Wg r 9mm after Tf said a school teacher
to a small pupil who wa. learning the alphaU-t.
ft.- h ii U i i t1w 1 u ' tl.l.iFti. i ..I- ,
.... nryi, loll .to-
to see I. lie.
.in th.,kt. ilk L i i ..
toward men are little better Uian good dreams
exwpt they be put iu act - fti-v.
WOMEN'S INFLUENCE.
There are many kinds of intluenm, and we
do not believe that those which are most clearlj
perceived and most loudly proclaimed are of
necessity the most potent However, it j,
interesting to read of the outer influence. We
quote a few suggestive paragraphs from Mrs
Livermore's recent address: "If therw is au
thing which honorably distinguishes our age
from the preceding ages, it is the numlier and
magnitude of its philanthropies ; tho genius of
modern civilization is humane. If disasters fall
upon any portion uf the earth by fire, Hood or
famine, the rest of the world rises up to send
help as never before in its history. Nothing
has been so marked in history as the change in
the estimation in which woman is held and the
advance in the advantages offered to her
Thirty year ago we had iu nil New England
for the higher education of woman only Mount
Holyoke Seminary. Now we have Boston
University, giving women superb advantages
Then we have Smith College, with the very
highest standard of scholarship, Wellesley Col.
lege, and other institutions fur women only'
But, outside of New England, we have the UuU
varsity of Michigan at Ann Arbor, Cornell, and
in almost all the Western States colleges, pro
feetional schools are opened. Theologians still
call woman'l presence m the pulpit a sacrilege
hut in every ohureh we already lind great bands
of women stimulating the church societies to
action. The Methodist Women's Board of Mis
sions sends missionaries to the remotest comers
of the earth. Women are carrying on these
conservative movements on a scale exceedingly
grand.
''Temperance women are already widely organ
ized outside of politics, yet in direct contact
The Woman's Temperance Union, in this city
numbering 12,(100 members, is one of l!" in the
Union, all of which are handed touetker in
great National Teniiicrance Union, whose mem
bership in the aggregate is 200,000. The
amount of mental training, of political informa
tion, oi social training, is immense. These
Women are students of lecislatioii. interest. -il ...
tho success or defeat of public measures, ami all
this is the grow th of a doeu years. The DOWor
... irwwu, m lou i iioutimcie, is au illus
tration of the work women can do.
"Yea, woman has Income a power! Ixok at
our grand w omen in such varied Held of useful
ness; Marin Mitchell, of Vussar College, wel
comed by the leading astronomers all over the
world as a peer in science, w ields her inrluence
iu behalf of woman BUffrage. Look at Anna V.
Brackett. the principal of the tirst school for
ladies in New York city, who openly Ipeakl of
the old prejudices us nonsense; a Dr. Mary
Putnam Jaeobi, who won the Boyleton prize
from Harvard physicians fur the best treatise on
ir. E. H. Clarke's own ipecialty. 'These
physicians did not in their invitation to com
petitors exclude women, and when they had
unanimously awarded the prize, ignorant of its
authorship, and the envelope was opened, which
revealed the name of the author, to! it was a
WQman. In the law, Miss Alto Hulett, of
GhJoogO; The legal profession of that city
pasted a resolution mm of eulogy upon her
character and can er, which was no empty com
plin., lit. but only a recognition of ability and
worth which, while she lived, they hail laien
(dad to harp and .enoourage. doing west from
ti e Missouri river, the traveler sees little nidi
cation of any Sunday, in the New England
sens... Iu San Francisco you know it only by
the louder noise of revelry, tho larger attend
ance at public amusements. But at Uramie
City they have a New England Sunday, and it
is almost the only place in the far West of
which tliis can lie said. The right to vote was
foroed upon the women of Wyoming, precisely
iw it was foroed upon the negroea of. the South.
There they were at once dratted upon the grand
jury. They said. 'Our city is cursed with
liquor ealooua, which make even the Sabbath,
hideous. Then is a Sunday law, which orders
them closed. Let us enforce it' Tho 'gentle
men t the jury' said, 'U tter not, the men will
diefranoblee you if you do.' They replied: 'We
never aiked for the ballot, and we will do our
duty. An oidinance has been paned by the
men compelling the liquor suloons to close on
Sunday. W'e will enforce it.' They did to,
and the women stand by it still.
'l et me say before I close that if every ad
vance made by woman is a gain for man
BTery thing we can do for the elevation of wo
man reaota for that of man with tenfold force.
like the divine bird in the Persian fable, which
was oviriimllv male ami 1. mule tin. tu.i nt..r..a
separated, it cannot lly; combine the two and
they become one; together they cleave the B.ky
and soar united to the sun. flint bird is humanity."
Till! Till rU-TOLLKB. It U. uortl, Mrltlla .mw-
and then to have what li called the truth told
you about yourself. There are times when such
truth-telling is of great and immediate service. -I
nt 1 have noticed that iiersons who plume
themselves upon speaking the truth to their
ncighUirs are persons who really have no ape-
BUU devotion to truth, but wkn tMsiva Ml thu
other hand, a passion for making people uncom
fortable. They do not love their neighbor! ;
they hate them. With them so-called trutli
MUmj is merely a fonq of self-indulgence. How
WOUldtt do, tho next time the village truth
teller comes around, for you to tell the truth to
t aim ! "Kind Mend, I thank thee for telling
me that my daughter e mannere are rude, and
that uty undo, the parson, should lie spoken to
about his method of public prayer, and that my
Sunday-U'st-go-to-niectingstove-i.ipe hat is two
si.iM.ii8 behind the times ; but let me recipro
cal thy kindness by informing thee that thou
art a aeltisli old gossip, without enough brains
to perceive the whole truth als.ut any situation,
but only a Billy half-truth, or a miserable dis
torted truth, which, from the beat of motivea,
I advise thee to keep to thyself. "W-wr for
Joajj Brunos says "The niew 1 is a larger
01 than the guse or turkey. It has two leg"
to walk with and two more to kick with, and
wears ita winga on the aide of iu hed."
-