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About Independence monitor. (Independence, Or.) 1912-19?? | View Entire Issue (Sept. 5, 1913)
i; OUR FARMERS IMPROVEMENT PAGE ! 1 Information Gathered Everywhere that Is of Interest to the Men and Women on the ; Farm. Good Roads, Dairying, Horticulture, Fine Stock, Hogs, Etc. KILLING DISEASE GERMS IN MILK. In order to determine the best way of pasteurizing milk bo far as to kill the disease germs and yet not give the milk a cooked flavor or lessen Its nutri tive value, the department of agricul ture through its dairy division baa been conducting a series of experi ments, treating milk at different tem peratures and for different lengths of time. According to the report on these experiments in bulletin 166 of the bu reau of anitgnl Industry, when milk is pasteurized ut 145 degrees F. for thir ty minutes the chemical changes are so slight that It ts unlikely that the pro tein (muscle building element) or the Princess Jane Mercedes, the pure bred Holsteln cow Illustrated, la a dairy animal of magnificent type and Individuality. At the age of four years and a half she made a seven day record of 474.10 pounda of milk and 18.23 pounds of butter and at five years made a semiofficial year's record of 21.611.07 pounda of milk and 910 pounds of butter. She ts the dam of a bull calf recently purchased at a long price to head a Holstein herd In Japan. phosphates of lime and magnesia are rendered lees digestible than they are In raw milk. Moreover, from a bacteriological standpoint, pasteurizing at low temper atures is found to be more satisfactory than pasteurizing at high temperatures. According to bulletins 120 and 101, where low temperatures are used the majority of bacteria that survive are Jnctlc acid organisms, which play an important part in the normal souring of milk. When milk Is efficiently pas teurized at high temperatures the bac teria which survive are largely of the putrefactive kinds, and milk so treated. If kept for any length of time, has a tendency to rot instead of sour. From the standpoint of economy, the tech nologist of the dairy division finds that pasteurizing at low temperatures calls for loss heat. It is found that it takes about 2314 per cent less heat to raise milk to the temperature of 145 degrees F. than to a temperature of 105 de grees F. A similar gain Is a saving of ice needed, because it will require 23Mi per cent more refrigeration to cool milk to the shipping point when It Is pas teurized at the higher temperature. The department, therefore, recom mends that "when market milk is pas teurized it should be heated to about 145 degrees F. and held at that tem perature for 30 minutes." CO-OPERATIVE BREEDING. Does For the Farmer Thinga He Can not Do For Himself. In discussing the economic aspect of the work of co-operative breeding former Assistant Secretary Hays of the department of agriculture said: "Co-operation in animal breeding, as In other forms of country life co-operation, is a direct aid to the retention of the family farm, making less need for large farms and the consequent landlordism and peasantry of the people. Co-operation in testing and weeding out the ordinary herd used for production, in owning male animals and in improving pure bred families and breeds will enable farmers to delegate to collective management those things which the Individual i farmer can not. well dqfor himself. If I I AM IN I pay highest market price for CLOVER VETCH RAPE I also handle grain TELEPHONE Main 53 OR WRITE I ALLEN T. CLARK I MONMOUTH, i properly organized under suitable co- operative relations with the state and federal departments of apricnlture and encouraged by suitable laws, the i hereditary values of our breeds of live J stock can be Improved much more I rapidly than If left to Individual effort alone. "There doubtless are at stake some hundreds of millions of possible added profit from the application of scientific knowledge of animal breeding in the United States alone. Private breeders could do even lunch more than now If the scientific breeding of animals were taken In hand by public agencies co-operating with a selected portion of breeders of each class of live stock. There will he developed a class of technical public workers as suKriot;n dents of eo-oiei'fitive breeding enter prises, ns well us investigators and teachers, who will so develop the science and practice of breeding that all private breeders will "better know how to Improve their stock, and will be better able to make profits from supplying superior breeding stock to tlio farmers who grow live stock prod ucts." Hint For Horsemen. Never start to lend the horse from his stall till you bold or fasten back the dour Toors have been known to wiug to where they were not fasten cd open, catching the horse's head, the animal pulling back and breaking his neck Farm Progress. Hogs Like Greens. A hng Is a hog. with queer ways and obstinacy, but he will never refuse green food nor fail to pay for It Have the green food near the yard, so that It will be no trouble to throw it over every day If you do not expect to tun his pi''-0iip Into the field. 4-H I"!-l"l"H"M-H"H-H"l-!-l' 1 11 - LIVE STOCK NOTES. The rest at noon goes a long way in keeping the team in prime condition for hard and constant work. Of all animals on the farm sheep want pure water most. They will not drink impure wa ter if they can help it. Why m;ike them do it? The huge pasture is not al wnys best. It does not pay to make a cow walk a long way to tind her feed. lteineuihcr that a colt between ages of two and one-half and three years gets twelve new teeth. Bee that the old ones are properly shed. Have a vet erinarian examine your horse's mouth once a year. It is a good time to fatten old and faulty ewes before cold weather conies. The most urgent need of stock this season Is plenty of pure wa ter, and in many parts of the country this Is one of the most difficult things to obtain. FLOCK IMPROVEMENT. None but Vigorous Ewe Should Be Used For Breeding. Breeding ewes that are In any way diseased should not be kept in the breeding flock, for their progeny are apt to Inherit such disease and trans mit it to their progeny, says W. M. Kelly In the Rural New Yorker. There is pieuty of dithculty with disease in a lock of sheep without Inviting and I'l.sterlug the very elements that will destroy the result of systematic selec liou None but the best and most vigorous individuals that are free from all heredifciry diseases should he select ed for breeding purposes if we aim to lu.ikl up u good uniform and profit able nock. Creat regard should be paid to the ri.e and general contour of the ram ilnit is selected to head the flock. His structure should be firm and massive. villi a broad and capacious breast without n disproportionate length of THE MARKET FOR YOUR SEED legs, well formed and fully developed quarters, especially the hind quarters. His loin should be stout nnd well knit, bis features bold and masculine. A firm, muscular neck, with a bold, cou rageous eye. Is Indicative of spirit and vigor. The bead should be long, but rather small and finely molded. These appearances denote excellent qualities In rams of every breed. I do not be lieve In selecting an extremely large ram nor those that are weak In one point and strong In another. Study the breeding ees and select a ram that will have a tendency to Correct any weaknesses or defects that they possess. In the purchase of the ram great care should be exercised as to what his appearance would be when In a normal condition, for It la unsafe to rely upon the form or appearance of sheep when these have been creat ed by high and unnatural feeding or external applications. It Is more than likely that their progeuy will be In jured rather than made better by such methods. While the selection of the ram Is of great Importance, yet 1 do not believe he represents as large a factor In the improvement of a flock of sheep as many writers would have us believe, especially .when the flock Is well bred and the ewes nearly as good In quality as the pure bred rams that are used to continue the work of further improve ment. HORSESHOEING SCHOOL Cornell University to Give Instruction In Practical Farriery, It has been announced that begin ning next winter Instruction in horse shoeing will be given in connection with the veterinary department at Cor nell university, Ithaca. N. V. This will be the first school of its kind to he established In America. In most all countries of Europe the horse shoer, before being permitted to engage In business, must give some time to the study of anatomy of the foot and limb so that in bis practice the horse may be better safeguarded against in ferior practice and knowledge of foot structure and assurance given the own er that his animal is being shod by a fully qualified man. The school to be opened at Cornell will be under the direction of the head of the veterinary department, the as sistant being a graduate sheer of the German schools. At first only residents of New York state will be asked to make application for admission to the course of studies, wbich will Include anatomy, locomotion, conformation, the treatment by shoeing of diseased hoof condition, etc. The Importance of this movement will appeal to every horse owner. This school at Cornell should stimulate ef forts along the line of placing the hoeing of horses upon a higher plane than it now occupies. alb . by EETRIGG REGISTER, R0CKF0RD.IAJ CORREPavDfA'CE 501101 0 Thl mailer must not out special 1 f be p'prinu-d wlth- I'lil.SSiUII. J The most diHconlant noise the writer has heard In 11 lung time is the first crowings of a bunch of little roosters at 4 :'M a. m. When you see two small boys riding one of those tongue steered w agons it la usually th smaller of the two tint mi ORE. furnishes the motor power. An unsightly pile of ashes and rub bish that the writer often passes has been very effectively screened by a row of sweet peas, which In both leaf and blossom are a big improvement over ttie rubbish. The wood from which pencils are made U becoming relatively so scarce that pencil manufacturers are buying up old red cedar fence rails in Tonnes see and other southern states to get needed pencil wood. Stacking Improves the quality of both grain and straw and makes It s sible to put the Job of thrashing over until cooler weather, which not only makes It more comfortable for the men and teams, but for the good wife who has to feed the crew. in planning for the poultry house It is well to allow at least ten sipiare feet of space per fow l Many poultry keep ers break this rule and In the end lose thereby, either In the appearauce of poultry diseases or lessened egg pro duction. Some one has suggested the wisdom of teaching thrift to school children an hour each week during the school year. This idea is gnl. but it would seem to be au even better plan for this same trait to be taught in the home every day lu the week. The Austrian government disposes of l.fiOO.bOO railway ties annually that are cut on the national forest reserves. In the United States the practice Is well established of selling standing timber and down timber on the forest reserves, but there seems to be no precedent for disposing of manufac tured lumber. Investigations made by the United States department of agriculture show that $.'!r,(HX,000 is lost annually by the farmers of the country through pre ventable grain diseases. The simple treatment of seed grain with formalin one pint to thirty or forty gallons of water-would put n stop to the greater part of the loss noted. Failure to make repairs as soon as a thing gets out of whack often costs many times what the fixing of the trouble would amount to In both time and money. This is Just as true of a hole In the fence as of a piece of ma chinery which gets out of commission when a fellow has a number of hired men on his hands. It Is simply the old, old story of the stitch In time that saves nine Where sawdust can be had cheaply and In quantities It makes an admir able material for bedding horses. The stable tloor should be cleaned Of all dirt nnd n layer of sawdust three or four Inches deep scattered in the stall. This should be covered with strsw or other bedding material and will mnke an excellent absorbent of all moisture Occasionally the sawdust should be re newed. Professor Forbush, ornithologist, of the state of Massachusetts, puts the Ions which the country suffers nnnu ally from the ravages of insect life at JLSOO.OOO.tHXl. lie estimates that but for the natural enemies of the gypsy moth the increase of a single pair would defoliate the United State In eight years. To the Insectivorous birds chiefly Is due the credit that such a calamity does not overtake us. Those in close touch with the egg market of New York city estimate that yearly there are received ou this one market 141.000,000 broken eggs. This includes the breakage In packing, the breakage In transit and the brenk iijge In unpacking. This loss Is so heavy that the federal department of ngrlculture has started an Investiga tion Into the subject with a view to arousing interest In a better shipping package. In many sections of the country west if the Mississippi nnd Missouri rivers fbe unusual period of hot and dry Weather Just past has entirely ex hausted or greatly reduced the usual sources of water supply Under such circumstances there Is particular tired that all water from new or depleted sources should be boiled before It Is used for drinking purposes. Unless snch precaution Is taken the misfor tune of a drought, which Is bnJl enough, Is likely to be aggravated by epidemics of disease Kiierts in charge of the fruit breed ing work of the Minnesota Agricul tural college have lately gone to the northern part of the state to gather specimens of native wild fruits which will he grown on the experiment sta tion grounds and crossed with other cultivated varieties. Wild raspberries, gooseberries nnd plums of a hardy type will be sought out. and It is hoped by using these In cross breeding the productiveness and hardiness of cultl vuted varieties may be Increased. Willows, cotton woods and some oth er trees of these types, which show much tenacity of life arid are hard to kill when felled at other times in the year, may be effectually killed by removing a strip of bark about a foot wide encircling the trunk and a short distance from the ground. The root systems are putting forth their final effort at this season In the maturing of the large crop of leaves and are thus so depleted that if the girdling is done now they die with the tops. A reader of thre notes who some time ago set out an evergreen wind break uU.tit his farmstead asks wheth er It would tie all right to trim or prune It during midsummer. The sap of the trees of the conifer family being resinous. It qui' kly coats over any cut surfaces, so that there Is not the danger that there would I In trim ming deciduous trees out of season. In the case of fruit bearing trees the summer pruning does no damage by csuslng the tree to lose sap, but Is favorable to a production of fruit buds for the following wmton by many a farm lad might be prevent ed if his father had the good Judg ment to adopt a avsteiu of co-operation or partnership with this same boy a partnership in profits as well aa hard work. Every boy that la worth a cop per has a personality and an Individ uality of his own, and this should be encouraged to express itself In some such maimer as that suggested. The father who follows a narrow, crabbed policy with his boy almost Invariably reaps a harvest in kind, with Ingrati tude and lack of affection thrown In. A BIG BOOST FOR GOOD ROADS. On Aug. 20 and '.'1 an unusual good roads campaign was carried out in the state of Missouri. As the result of an appeal by Governor Major a vast army of men. estimated at a quarter of a million, and mule teams put in two days' work Improving the highways of the state. The work of these men and teams was volunteered, and In many cases where physical disability pre vented working money was donated to hire a substitute. I'or the purpose of eniphasi.lng the governor's appeal, the county courts (supervisors) of prac tically every county issued appeals to citizens to give two days' work. In nearly every section the work was sys teniatizisl. the rond overseers of the various districts having charge of the volunteers, so that the greatest amount of good could le accomplished. Boys that were too small to do road work were kept busy carrying water and running errands In many of the larger cities boy scouts volunteered to serve In any capacity In which they were needed. The use of Implements needed In doing the road work was contributed by many dealers, who felt that they had a common Interest with other citizens In the making of better roads There is little question that this rather spectacular campaign will be worth more as a menns of calling pub He attention to the need of better roads In a rather striking way than In the actual work accomplished during the two days It lasted, as a week's wet spell will undo a great part of the good work accomplished, the work being done on dirt roads and not on perma nent highways. Hut In any event the campaign is commendable, and It Is to be hoped that the spirit on the part of Missourlans which prompted ft will prove catching. DRIED 8WEET CORN. Dried sweet corn may be sort of old fashioned, but when It la secured at the proper time and properly dried it is preferred by many to the best grade of canned corn. For drying pur poses, corn should be selected that la considered prime for the table, meaty, but not tough. It should be carefully husked and all silks removed. The ears should then I put In boiling water und allowed to cook for four or five minurs. U should then be cut from the cobs ami put on plates or In pans to dry. If weather conditions are not favorable for drying In the son. the drying may be done by low heat In the oven with the door left slightly open to prevent burning. The crop of sweet corn that will be canned this season Is not more than 50 per cent of the normal; hence the house wife who wishes to manage econom ically should suit or dry what corn she can. for the prices of the canned goods will range considerably higher than last year. IN BLACK AND WHITE. For the benefit of the farmer who Is In doubt whether It will pay blm to put up a silo some definite figures may be given. It has been found that un der ordinary conditions 11)0 pounds of milk can be produced for HO cents when ensilage is used, while the same quantity without the silo costs $1.03 The cost of producing a pound of but ler fat is but 13 cents If silage is used, hut 2'Z cents per pound by the old dry feed method. Again, the cheapest beef as well as that which fetches the high est price on the market Is that pro duced by a silage legume ration. An other advantage of the silo which should have weight with the farmer having a limited number of acres is that It makes possible the storing of a maximum amount of feed in a mini mum space, and lu this connection It is well to remember, too, that an acre of corn will furnish more tons of feed than that put to any other crop. A SWEET CLOVER PICNIC. . ..... t ..I..,..." . I. .,.!,, ujui hlr1 frhn odier day at a farm In southern Iowa. Two tiiinurcd acres or una mrui am devoted to the growing of this legume which until recently has been con sidered In the light of a worthless road side weed. The picnic was timed for the day when the crop was to be cut. Slid there were present, besides many M . I I ... -i .1 ',,. .,. tors of agricultural papers and repre sentatives of more than one state ex periment station The crop was a very thrifty one a ml w as cut for Heed. Kx pertinents In the feeding of sweet clover us pasture ami bay seem to show that when stock get used to It they eat 11 r Illy and do well on It. As a soli renovator It is the iial of alfalfa and other clovers and has this advantage. Hint It grows thriftily on the thinnest and moxt unpromising kinds of soil. FARMING IN GERMANY. Tho average farmer in Germany is not only a more careful, hut a more thorough farmer than is the American. With no raw lauds to utilize In the In creasing of production German farm ers have nevertheless Increased their production of sugar beets five fold In the past thirty years, have more than doublet) their production of rye and potatoes, have nearly doubled their production of oats and have Increased their output of w heat and meadow hay by about U per cent. They raise Su per cent more liorsea and cattle and have nearly trebled their production of hogs, lu America the country wide average for cereals Is pitifully low, and if present methods of handling farms are not cbangisi the average will go still lower MONITOR APPLICATION4 BLANK ISDEPEXDEXCE MONITOR, Independence, Oregon, Gentlemen: In accordance with your special subscription and library offer I send you $1.50 for the Independence Monitor (or one year to be sent to of and for one oi the fire book premium lists as indicated below: 1. One book. and one membership in the Monitor Library Club, including book or One. recent copyright reprint fiction 3. One cook book, Hoyle, speaker or 4. Two books as follows 5. One Membership in the Monitor Library Club, inclu ding book late, reprint copyright fiction. sign name on this Ene Dateil this. The books or membership Address all Communications to the G. A. Hurley, Editor, Library Depart ment, Independence .Monitor, Independence, Oregon. All the troubles of canning day dinappear when you use our supplies. Everything of the bent was time tried and fully tested before we even 4placed the or ders with thi manufacturers. Jars that art air-tight, parafflne that ta guaranteed to be absolutely pure sad all the other little Items that make canning the pleasure should be. And the prices are the lowest In, the town -conalatent with value. Call In and Inspect our Stock before Purchasing. FLUKE & JOHNSON f Bicycles, Motor Machines REPAIRED Independence Bicycle & Repair ! Shop MAIN The Best Is Good Enough and You get only the hest when you buy meat from us A new refrigerating plant keeps the meat cool and freah, and when y u once buy from us you buy again, beoauue our meat give srttiHfac tion. We have just added new rendering vat and muKage machinery thus being able to sup ply you witli lard and sausage, at all times. We have our own nmoke housed and give you country cured ham and bacon. NELSON'S MARKET C Street, Independence, Ore. HOP BASKETS THE BEST PRICE THE GHAS. K. SPAULD1NG LOGGING CO, INDEPENDENCE, OREGON book or other special book or or address on this line 1913 are for- Cycles and Sewing 1 STRICT t t i IS RIGHT ft I M I I 1 1 It -" - . 4 1 I I I I I I t f I I I u Ti? strike aud running off to the city ISS H'HHtHtH IMIIIIMM