Image provided by: Independence Public Library; Independence, OR
About The Polk County post. (Independence, Or.) 1918-19?? | View Entire Issue (June 4, 1920)
“Queen of Navy” Is Best Shot in Pacific Fleet BEST CHOPS FOR S P R IM E E N S CELERY SEED BED IS OF BIG IMPORTANCE In North Seed Should Be Started in Hotbed. Spinach Is Most Excellent and Should Be Found in Every Home Garden. Watering Should Be Attended to Very Carefully and Bed Not Allowed to Dry Out— Keep fo r Winter by Banking. (Prepared by the United Status Depart ment of Agriculture.) For celery in the North, sow the seed in a hotbed or coldframe and transplant to the open ground. Celery plants are generally Improved by transplanting twice. Celery seeds are very small and are slow in germina tion, and the temperature o f the seed bed should be kept low. The seed bed should he especially well prepared, und the seeds should not be covered to a greater depth than one-eight of an inch. W atering should be attend The U. S. S. Idaho, called I lie “ Queen o f the Navy." established a record during ^he I’aclflc fleet target practice, ed to very carefully and the bed should when her gun crews mude nine direct hits In .'10 shots at long range with the 14-inch guns. The Idaho Is one o f the not dry out. A fte r the plants are up, very latest o f the United States navy's superdread naughts. She has a main Imttery o f twelve 14-Inch naval rifles care should be taken that the bed h i m ! is fitted with the latest antiaircraft and submarine protections. Indians Coming Into Their O w n Hastening to Acquire Citizenship ! ,lom o f ,hl8 restriction, and that com petency must precede the control of as Soon as Competent, property, otherwise great Injustice would follow to thousands of Indians. Says Cato Sells. In my last annual report I said in this GREAT PROGRESS IN 7 YEARS Not Only Numerically and In Wealth, but Also in Education and In. dustry— Individual Oepocits Show Big Increase. connection: “ 'O f the large number of Indians still under the supervision o f tills bu reau, It should be understood that more than 75,000 are situated practi cally the same us the reservation Nav ajo, Hualapal, Hopl anil Apache, whose property cunnot now, nor for many years to come, he wisely al lotted. There are thousands o f full- bloods and near full-bloods whose personal possessions and prospects are suggestive of a capaeity for Inde pendent self-support, hut who are not qualified to withstand the competi tive tests that would follow u with drawal of federal guidance. To aban don these at the point 111 their prog ress where elementary requirements are shaping into self-reliance and n comprehension o f practical methods, would be to leave them a prey to ev ery kind of unscrupulous trickery that masks Itself In the conventions of civilization.’ "Few things have been more ob structive to Indian w elfare than the professional agitator who claims the abolishment of governmental super vision as the salvation of the Indian. “ The Indians are growing in knowl edge and general Intelligence. Three- fourths of their children eligible for attendance are enrolled in some school, federal, state or mission. Near ly two-thirds of their entire population speak English and about onc-tiulf read and write Kngllsh. Their gain in the use of civilized speech has been re markable In the last seven years. “ Too much bus been said about In dian school graduates going back to the blanket. Any assumption that more than a negligible percentage of such students are non-progressive is unwarranted. In some Instances where pupils not long In school have returned to backward home conditions the results have been disappointing, hut by no means un entire loss. If these hoys ami girls carry no more than a speaking use o f Kngllsh Into homes still under the thrall o f bar baric Ignorance, they have started a lifting force and planted Inqicrishahlc seeds of civilization. Considering the effect of previous environment, habits ami prejudice, the .school-trained In dian compares favorably with the av erage white student whose home sur roundings as a rule are generally to his advantage. Evidence of Progress. “ The Indian's progress is too fre quently measured by his gurb. We want the Indlun to cut tils hair und wear citizen's clothes. We urge him to live In a white mail’s house, but if he does not entirely und promptly re spond in all of these respects it Is not proven that he Is not a progressive uian. Sometimes young men return ing from our schools to the reserva tions resume certain outward forms o f tribal fashion as a matter o f ex pedlency or social deference to their elders, hut their activities show what they a r e ; their farming, their stock- raising, tlie homes they build and the way they furnish them, and their de sire to have their children go to school are the best evidences of their progress. “ The social anil domestic life o f the Indians is steadily improving. Mar riage by tribal custom is notably giv ing way to legal rites. At present there Is hardly more than one-fourtli the drunkenness among Indians that prevailed ten years ago. The mis slonary workers have been a powerful aid and their numbei among the In- dluns has doubled since 1900, with a corresponding Increase of churches and church attendance. "T h e Indian's industrial progress Is especially noteworthy. Their individ ual funds on deposit have increased in the last eight years in excess o f $20,- 000,000. During that period they have expended for homes, burns and mod ern farm implements $18,000,000 and have added $13,000,000 to their capi tal In livestock. The Indian’s trans formation from a game hunter and wanderer to a settled land-holder and houie-bullder Is everywhere evident. Nearly 37,000 Indian farmers are cul tivating almost 1,000,000 acres, 47,000 are engaged in stock raising, and their livestock Is worth close to $38,000,000. Their last year’s Income from the sale of crops and livestock was approxi mately $14,000,000. "T h e Indians are dependable wage workers. Their annual earnings in public and private service exceed $.'!.- 000,000. Their number receiving ra tions and supplies not paid for In la bor has decreased one-half In the last seven yen rs." Washington.— Answering a criticism on the legal status o f the American Indian ns contained in resolutions re cently adopted by the Women's Civic center of San Diego, Cal., Cato Sells, commissioner o f Indian affairs, In a l e n g t h y letter sets forth the general progress of (he American Indians un der his administration. Mr. Sells Is decidedly opposed to tile withdrawal o f federal supervision over all Indians at this time. The result of such a step, lie points out, would lie that a large number of old or Incompetent Indians would soon he fleered o f their prop erty and thrown upon the states as paupers and mendicants, and public protest against neglected eondltlons would surely follow. “ Confusion as to the legal status of the Indian," says Mr. Sells, “ rests largely with those who have not studied the subject. The general allotment act of 1887, provid ing for the allotment of lands In sev eralty, with the amending provisions o f the Burke net of 1IHKI, made the Is suance o f a fee-simple patent the pri mary legal requirement for citizenship o f Indians, hut also provided for the citizenship of any Indian by his vol untary separation from tribal rela tions and the adoption of the habits o f elvlllzei, life. The later act of June 25. 11110, also provides for the Mllotnieul of lands to Indians from the public domain with the Issuance o f a fee patent as provided for In the case of reservation allotments. Become Citizens. “ Under my administration the In The Wife Pays. •linn bureau has made special effort to extend citizenship to the Indians Bellnire, O.— Tw o young men carry <tud prepare them for Its duties and ing Income tax blanks called at the responsibilities. In the declaration of home of Annlmzlo Marches! with the news that her husband owed Uncle IMtllcy Issued April 17, 1017, I an nounced tloil every Indian as soon as Sam $54 Income tax. She paid. Her found lo he competent to transact his husband Is seeking the bogus federal own business affairs would he given agents. full control of Ids property and have nil Ills land ami moneys turned over to him, after which he would no long er he a ward o f (lie government. In furtherance of this movement I In structed the superintendents o f tin* various reservations as follow s: 'You are requested lo submit to this ntlicc 1 n list of all Indians of one-half or less Indian blood, who are able-bodied ami mentally competent, twenty-out years o f age or over, together with a description of the land allotted to said Indians, and the number o f the allot ment. It is intended lo Issue patents In fee simple to such Indians.' “ Under tills broadened policy In dians, both mixed and full bloods, are ticlug released from government su pervision as rapidly as their condition warrants. Whenever an Indian Is found to tic as competent as the at «■race white man to transact the usunl vocations of life, lie Is given a patent fe e , full control of his lands and iiiiiiv e\a, and made n citizen of the United States. About 225.090 allotments of land have been made to Indians, and during the las! three >ear» 10,115*1 fee s im p le patents have been Issued, or 1,0*2 more than in the ten years pre ceding “ Mr. Sells lias gone further In this direction and has taken the position that the citizenship o f Indians should 1 not be based upon their ownership of lands, tribal or in severally. In trust or lu fee but upon the fact that they' are real American* Favorable reperl has been made on a bill Introduced In I congress having for 11« purpose tin* I Cvniinumtcr John L. Uopo, F. II. G. S.. « h o nrcompnnieo thè lnst Shn.'kle- •saiferring o f cltlzenalilp on all Indians j ton e\|»»litl«m na surgeon and biologi*!. I* to coni mutui an expedltlon to thf but retaining control o f the estate* of South pule, leavlng Kiiglnnd about thè end of July. A base « i l i he forttied «ni! Incompetent*. ali attempi umile to fl.v to thè pule b> alrplane. The photogrnph show* Coni Saya Restriction la Wiao. marnici- i'<q>e (le ft ) and party watchlng thè nianufacture of food sappile» fot thè Jouruey. ~1 am fully convinced o f the wli Making Food for South Pole Trip Celery May HOW TO RID FLOCK OF FLEAS Necessary to Clean and Spray Houses and Runs Thoroughly and Then Treat the Fowls. In many o f the Southern and South western states fowls and chicks are often Infested by a species of flea, Commonly known as the "stick-tight' flea, because o f its habit o f sticking to one place on the bird Instead of mov ing about like lice and mites. They are usually found in clusters on the comb, wattles, and around the eyes Chicks, when Infested, often die quick ly. Old fowls, while usually stronger and more resistant, will cease laying, or nearly so, and sometimes die as the result o f the attacks. “ Stick-tight” fleas breed In cracks and crevices o f brood coops and poul try houses, and dry animal or vegeta hie refuse, but not In damp or wet places. Therefore, to get rid o f them It Is necessary to clean and spray the houses and runs thoroughly, as well as to treat the birds, say poultry special ists in the United States department o f agriculture. Grease the comb and wattles of the fowls and chicks with a preparation of kerosene and lard— one part kerosene to three parts of Inrd— being very enreful not to use too much of the mixture or get any of it In the birds’ eyes or on other places where it is not necessary, as It may cause Injury if used too freely. Clean and spray the coops and houses thoroughly, the same as for poultry mites: also wet or spray the Be Planted A fter Some Early Crop. does not become too w et and the plants damp-off. Five hundred plant? w ill be sufficient fo r the ordinary fam ily. They should be set 6 Inches apart in rows 3 to 5 feet apart. Celery requires a deep, rich, moisl soil, with plenty o f well-rotted barn yard manure or fertilizer and frequent shallow cultivation. In the garden celery may be planted after some ear ly crop, such as lettuce, radishes peas or beans. As soon as the plants attain considerable size the leaves should be drawn up and a little soil compacted about their bases to hold them upright. I f the blanching is done with earth, care should he taken that the hearts o f the plants do not be come filled. Boards, paper, dralntiles o r anything that will exclude the light may be used for blanching; but earth ing up will produce the finest flavor Celery may be kept fo r winter us( by banking with earth and covering the tops with leaves or straw to keep it from freezing, or It may he dug and removed to a cellar, coldframe, vacanl hotbed, or pit, nnd reset close together with the roots bedded In earth. While In storage celery should he kept as ool as possible without freezing. The blanched stems o f celery are eaten In the raw state, and both the stems and enlarged roots are stewed and crenmed. Celery seed is used foi flavoring soups and pickles. Celerlac Is a large-rooted form ol celery used fo r cooking only. Culti vate the same as celery, hut hanking or blanching Is not required. The roots may remain In the ground until wanted fo r use provided a light cover ing Is applied to prevent freezing. Handy Device for Spraying. RICH LOAM MOST ESSENTIAL One of Good Points About Swiss Chard Is That Leaves May Be Cut Without Injuring Plant— Dandelion and Kale Are Good. (Prepared by the United States Depart ment of Agriculture.) Spinach is one o f the best crops grown for greens and should be found In every home garden. In the North It may be planted in early spring, or It can be planted In the autumn and carried over winter by mulching with straw or leaves. Sow the seeds o f spinach In drills 1 foot apart at the rate o f 1 ounce to 100 feet o f row or 10 to 12 pounds to the acre. T o pro duce good spinach, a rich loam which w ill give the plants a quick growth Is required. As ordinarily grown, spinach occupies the land during the autumn and winter only and does not interfere with summer cultivation. Spinach Is an easily grown garden crop, and there Is, perhaps, no other o f Its kind that will give as good sat isfaction. Three or four ounces o f seed planted In the autumn after a summer crop has been harvested from the land, will produce an abundance o f greens fo r the average fam ily dur ing the late autumn and early spring. In gathering spinach, the entire plant Is removed and not the leaves. The larger plants are selected first, and the smaller or later ones are thus given room to develop. No thinning is required if this plan o f harvest ing Is practiced. The Savoy Is the variety most com monly grown. Chard. Chard, or Swiss chard. Is a beet which Is grown fo r its foliage Instead o f Its root. The leaves are cooked and used In very much the same way as asparagus. One o f the good points about this vegetable is that crop after crop o f leaves may be cut without in juring the plant. Chard Is planted about the same time and In the same manner as beets, but as the top grows larger it should be given more space than the garden beet. The edible part o f this plant Is the root, which somewhat resembles the carrot and Is used in the same manner. The leaves are used the same as parsley fo r garnishing and In fla voring soups. New Zealand Spinach. The plant known as New Zealand spinach is not a true spinach but grows much larger and should be planted in rows 3 feet apart, with the plants 12 to 18 Inches apart in the row. Some difficulty may be experi enced In getting the seeds to ger minate, and they should be soaked one or two hours In hot water before plant- yards or runs, especially any dry soli about the poultry houses, such as dirt floors or ground underneath a board floor, with a solution of salt and wa ter, which helps to keep the ground moist and prevents the fleas from breeding. OYSTER SHELLS ARE NEEDED Lime Is Essential for Hens to Manu facture Eggs— Fowls Will Bal ance Own Ration. Pullets and hens do better for hav ing oyster shell as a regular part of their rntion. This was proved by the New York experiment station some years ago, when a poultry writer con demned the use o f oyster shell as un Swiss Chard Has Been Bred for Foil- necessary. age for Salads Instead of Root It was proved that a pound o f oyster shell contains enough lime to manu ing. New Zealand spinach is satis facture about seven dozen eggs. This factory for growing In warm climates, should not be fed In the mash. Fowls ns it withstands heat better than the know more about what they need to ordinary spinach. The fleshy leaves eat than we do. I f they have tlie and tender stems are cooked the same oyster shell, ground bone, meat scraps as spinach. and grit In hoppers before them, with Dandelion. a variety of ground grains in dry Sow the seed o f dandelion in spring mash, they will balance their ration Cows uud mules have kicks in them, better than we can balance it for in drills 18 inches apart, covering it onueU^f inch deep. Thin the plants • * * them. to about 12 inches apart and give Our domestic animals hare acute good clean cultivation throughout the hearing. Why y e ll! DUST BATH VERY IMPORTANT summer. In the colder parts of the Very often hogs get tired e f the To Control Chicken Lice It Is Neces country It may be desirable to mulch slightly during the winter, to prevent sary That Fowls Be Given Some same feed uud want a change. the plants heaving out o f the soli. Light Material. Early the following spring the plants Nowadays the hog is allowed to One Important condition In control will be ready for use as greens, hut range from farrowing time to market ling chicken lice Is to give the fowls they are greatly Improved If blanched ing day. ahnndnnt opportunity to dust them- by setting two boards in the form of A lamb does not need to be very i „elves. For this purpose. dti«f, air an in verted V over the row. The old to take care o f Itself with the rest slaked lime, ashes, or any light, dusty blanching not only makes the leaves o f the sheep. | material is suitable. Fresh, slightly tender hut destroys a part o f the bit ter taste. Dandelion greens should Both clover and‘ alfalfa have given ',amp (.b,1,t not w^t’ eartl* In which he boiled in two waters to remove the satisfactory results when fed with corn l ,n ?.r ™ ,ch or dust sbo',U1 nhvft-vs b* bitterness. I available. to brood sows. There are a large number o f forms o f kale, and these are thought by On a good grain ration. It Is ens- TURKEYS ARE HARD TO RAISE some to he the original type o f the cab tomary for lambs to gain about one- bage. Kale does not form a head, and Reason It Because Poults Are Allowed fourth o f a pound per head dally. has convoluted leaves and thick stems. • • • to Become Chilled or Damp It may be set in rows and cultivated and infested. Corn nnd tankage alone is a splen the same as cabbage or may be sown did ration for fall pigs, and In experi Many people say that turkeys nr» broadcast, hut may be set somewhat ment* at the Iowa station has uni too hard to raise, and fewer o f them closer. This crop is very hardy and formly proved profitable. • • • are raised from the number o f eggs will live through the winter In the open ground in localities where freez A t the Town station they have pas set than any other kind o f fowl. This ing Is not too severe. The flavor of Is almost alwnys beenuse the little tured as many as forty spring pig» kale Is Improved by frost. per acre on rape. On ordinary soil, poults are allowed to get chilled or K ale is used for greens during the however, rape does not do nearly so damp or lousy during the first month or six weeks. A fter that age turkeys winter and as a »ubstltute fo r cab welL bage. are the hardiest of fowls. rnve stock U»N€YFE3“^