HELGOLAND FORTIFICATIONS BEING DISMANTLED
N e w Devices to
Help A ir Pilots
Radio Direction Indicators Are
Improvements to Save
Life and Time.
NEED FOR CASH IS ACUTE
E ig h t P la n e s U se d in M a il S e rv ic e In
U n ite d S t a t e * a n d 54 in E n g lis h
C h a n n e l S e rv ic e C o m p a re d —
F o g N o L o n g e r M enace.
The German*, in accordance wllh tlie armistice terms, are dismantling the fortifications of Helgoland,
stronghold in the North sen. This uew and exclusive photograph shows one of the greut gun emplacements.
OIL TO TAKE PLACE
OF COAL ON SHIPS
Coal
Strike
Adds
Impetus
to
Movement to Change Pro
pelling Power.
MANY ADVANTAGES IN OIL
E i g h t A m e ric a n M e rc h a n t L in e s C on-
tem pla te In s t a lla t io n of N e w S y s
tem — E c o n o m y of L a b o r a n d
Sp a c e S t ro n g A rg u m e n ts.
New York.— For months nuval au
thorities and private steamship com
panies have been seriously consider
ing the conversion o f vessels from coal
to oil burners and some have already
(nade that change. The coal mine
«trik e has quickened plans to make
fu el oil the ship-propelling power of
Hie future, and many companies have
unnounced their purpose to run their
rra ft with oil instead o f coal.
Oil, it is argued by engineers en
gaged in making the change, will cut
large slices from the expenses of op
eration, the size of crews, eliminating
font stokers and increasing cargo
t*l>nce by releasing much space now
given over to coal.
The shipping boat'd Is Investigating
the practicability o f making the Le-
i’lathan nil oil burner. It Is no secret
that she Is considered a failure, from
ping board, besides 18 others that have
been sold by the shipping board. Of
720 vessels now under construction
for the board, 630 are to lie oil burn
ers, aggregating in deadweight tonnage
4,691,650.
M a n y A d v a n t a g e s in Oil.
Asked by a reporter for The World
the advantages o f oil over coul a
shipping expert said:'
"O il requires less bunker space for
a given steaming rndlus. It cun be
curried between double bottoms nnd
In other places where neither coal nor
cargo can tie stored. The space saved
can he used by freight-paying cargo.
‘‘Bun! >ring can be effected with
greater dispatch and Is not Interfered
with by darkness or weather. Dirt
and other discomforts attending the
loading and use o f coal are missing
with oil. There Is no need o f machin
ery such as is required for handling
ashes. Stokiug Is eliminated, reduc
ing the number o f men necessnry.
Uniform stenm pressure is more eus-
ALLOW ONLY HARMLESS ONES
R e g u la t io n s of F o o d a n d D r u g A c t A re
V e r y S t r ic t — R e q u ir e T h a t C o n
s u m e r Be In fo rm e d as to W h a t
H e Is G etting.
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
in
M o d e rn
Style.
the point o f view o f commercial profits,
ns a coal user, nnd experts have said
that by using oil the expenses o f fuel
w ill be enormously cut.
C o n v e rtin g M e rc h a n t S h ip s.
The International Mercantile Ma
rine has nlrendy perfected plans for
conversion into oil hunters o f the
Harrisburg, l ’lattshurg, St. Paul, Man
churia. Mongolia, Troy, Kroonhind and
Finland, all o f which played notable
w ar parts ns transports,.
The United Fruit company, which
lias found Its experiment with the
Matapan successful. Is preparing to
convert Its entire fleet Into an oll-ue-
Ing line. The I'unnmn Itnllroad Steam
ship company, operated by the gov
ernment, Is nbout to Install the sys
tem on the Ancon and Cristobal. Fur
ness, Withy A Co. are reconstructing
the Fort Hamilton anil Fort Vlctorln
w ith White oil burners, for service be
tween this port nnd Bermuda. This
company already lias placed White oil
burners on the Achilles nnd Ulysses.
The shipping board has ordered in
stallation o f oil fuel systems on the
Aeolus, lieKnlb, Huron. Atfiphion, Su-
xvnnee anil Otsego.
The government today operates 486
vessels that use oil as fuel, with a
total deadweight tonnage of 3,798,733.
In addition there are 49 oil burning
freighters that have been turned back
to their pre-war owners by the shlp-
London.— Cassell’s new Eng
lish dictionary contains n large
number o f words that came Into
use during the war, many of
them borrowed from American
slang.
A few o f the innova
tions a r e :
Bus— An airplane.
Cold Feet— T o be in a funk.
Guy— No good.
Highbrow— A highly superior
person.
Eyewash— Humbug.
No flies on me— No fool.
Jazz— A noisy nnd boisterous
dance In ragtime.
Movies — A kinematographic
exhibition.
Umpteen— Any number.
For the benefit o f Americans
“ old beun” is deflned ns “ old
f e l l o w “ conchy” us a conscien
tious objector, ami “ top hole” as
the very best.
ily maintained, insuring a steady rati
o f speed and reducing the. degree o
deterioration o f furnaces and boiler
resulting from uneven temperatures.’
#■
Food Packages.
S h ip
American Slang Defined
by British Dictionary
MUST BE FAIR
TO CONSUMER
Substitutes for Sugar Must Be
Declared on Labels of
C o a lin g
their
Washington.— Substitutes fo r sugnr
or for other normal Ingredients of
foods should be declared on the labels
o f the packages o f food in which they
are used, If the package's are shipped
within the Jurisdiction o f the federal
food nnd drugs net, say the otlieiuls
o f tlie bureau o f chemistry. United
States department o f agriculture, who
are charged with the enforcement o f
(hat net. Only substitutes which are
harmless are permitted in foods un
der the terms o f the law, and those
that are permitted should be stated
clearly on the Inbols.
The object o f the regulation re
quiring that substitutes be declared
on tlie laliels Is not to lim it *n any
way the use o f wholesome substitutes,
the ottictals state, hut ,to let the con
sumers know what they are getting. A
purchaser o f any fow l product, of
which sugar is a normal ingredient,
will naturally expect to get sugar In
that product unless advised to the con
trary. As the substitutes are usually
cheaper than the substnnee for which
they nre used, It Is only fair, both
from the standpoint o f the purchaser
nnd from that o f fa ir trading, that u
clear distinction be made on the ln-
bels between foods thnt contain all
the ‘ normal Ingredients nnd foods in
which one or more o f the normal ingre
dients Is replaced by a cheaper sub
stance.
foods.
A number o f food manufm
Hirers have been convicted fo r shij
ping into Interstate commerce food
adulterated with saccharin.
A crin
inal prosecution is now pending again»
one o f the manufacturers o f sncchnri
for shipping It labeled ns hnrmles
within the Jurisdiction o f the federi
food nnd drugs act.
L ia b le to Seizure.
Foods In which harmless subst
tutes have been used and no mentto
of the substitutes made on the label!
If shipped within the jurisdiction o
the federal food nnd drugs act, ar
subject to seizure nnd the party r<
sponsible fo r the violation o f law I
liable to prosecution. Manufacturer
o f foods In which substitutes nre use
should see that the substitutes ar
stated on the labels In order to avoi
violations of the federal or state laws
Regulation 25, Issued under the fed
ernl food nnd drugs net, provides li
part ns fo llo w s :
“ When a substitute o f n recognize!
quullty commonly used in the prepare
tlon o f n food or drug product Is rc
placed by another substance not Ir
jurlous to health, the name of the suh
stituted substnnee shnll appear upoi
the label.”
NEW CLAIM
TO MAYFLOWER
E n g lis h W o m a n S a y s S h e Is D e sc e n d
a n t of O r ig in a l O w n e r of
V e sse l.
Kings Lynn, Norfolk, Eng.— There Is
a new theory relative to the owner
ship o f the Mayflower.
Mrs. Mar
garet Farrow claims to he a descend
ant o f the original owner of the emi
grant vessel, one ltlchnrd Bunting of
South Creek, who farmed in the Duchy
o f Lancaster.
Mrs. Farrow declares that in the
will o f that gentleman, dated 1601, he
bequeathed to Thomns Bunting “ All
debts he owe«! me nnd also my boat,
the Mayflower, nnd nil things belong
S u b s t it u t e * T h a t M a y Be U sed.
ing to her.”
There nre a number o f substitutes
Among other domestic papers o f the
for sugar which can very properly be
family there Is an entry to the effect
used in manufactured fowls, such as
Jams, Jellies, marmalades, pops, swln that “ the Mayflower, loaded with corn,
water, confections, and the like. Among was taken to Holland Instead o f to
Bye and was fined.”
substitutes thnt may bo used. If prop
Norfolk folk now claim the vessel as
erly declared on the labels, are maple
tlielr own.
sugnr sirup, glucose, corn sugar, corn
sirup, honey, and high-grade refiners’
sirup.
BAN D R ILL IN “FOE” SCHOOLS
Sacchnrin. a coal-tar product which
has been widely advertised by Its Alllss Stop Military Exercise* by Chit,
manufacturers as a sugar substitute.
dren T ill Disarmament I*
Is not a proper or legal substitute,
Settled.
since It Is held to be Injurious to
health, nnd ns It hns no fowl value
Mayence, Germ any— Military drills
whatever. It lowers the quality o f the In the public schools o f the occupied
fwsl In which It replaces sugar, which aren o f Germany have been prohibited
hns a high food value.
Tlie use o f by the allies’ committee on the admin
saccharin, whether or not declared i istration o f the Rhine territories until
on the labels. In foods coining within such time as the subject o f disarma
the Jurisdiction o f the federal fowl ment o f Germany provided for In the
and drugs act. Is prohibited. The laws treaty o f peace may be taken up and
or regulations o f most o f the states ' decided definitely by the allies’ com
also prohibit the use o f saccharin In I mission.
New York.— New devices to safe
guard mail pilots and assure the sure
guidunce o f mail planes through nil
kinds o f weather are now being In
stalled on mall planes and at the New
ark anil Bellefoute flying fields, accord
ing to n statement by Otto Prueger.
second assistant postmaster general
In charge o f aerlul mall. Radio direc
tion Indicators and a uew compass are
among fhe Improvements which will
save both life and time.
In his statement Mr. Praeger goes
carefully into the aerial mall situation
In this country, pointing out thut much
depends upon the attitude of congress
toward appropriations fo r tlie exten
sion o f the service. H e contrasts the
eight airplanes In dully mall carrying
operations throughout the entire Unit
ed States with the 54 transporting
mail each day In Great Britain and
across the channel.
“ Tlie fact that European countries
are operating more extensive air mail
services than the United States is due
solely to the reason thut the post office
department lias not been able to obtain
appropriations fo r the desired devel
opment,” he says. Concerning the Im
provements in air mail carrying, he
says:
“ With the co-operation o f the bureau
of standards, the signal corps o f tin
nrmy and the radio section o f the
navy, the aerial mail service has de
veloped a most powerful loop radio foi
communication of mail planes and
their guidance through all sorts of
weather, even fog.
This equipment
Is now bping Installed on the new mail
planes and landing fields at College
Park, Newark and Bellefonte, Pa.
“ The radio set has a tremendous
range fo r sending.
Its possibilities
have not been fully determined. In
stead of requiring musts from 200 to
500 feet high, the aerial wires are be
ing raised on masts only 23 feet high.
M IS S MAUDE YOUNGER
for the transcontinental service when
it is installed. Heretofore the only
argument against the aerial mail plane
was that railroads were more depend
able than flying machines for long
hauls, thut planes could not make
transcontinental ui long cross-country
flights with a surety o f success be
cause the weather might either delay
the start or force a lauding on unde
sirable ground.
“ There was much In thnt argument
until the wireless was called Into play
in behalf of the air mail plane.”
Cut
Dow n
the
Tim e.
A ir service across the continent from
New Y'ork to San Francisco will cut
down the time of transmission o f mail
by ulmost two days, according to Mr.
Braeger. He says:
“ The proposed transcontinental air
mnil from New York to Sun Francisco
is the result o f our inability to get the
railroads to give the Pacific coast
cities, notubly Los Angeles, San Fran
cisco and Seattle, an efficient mail
service. A letter mailed in New York
and making all connections takes 90
hours to reach San Francisco.
“ I f you write a letter Monday it will
leave New York at 8 :40 o’clock that
night, and if the trains nre on time
will arrive In San Francisco at 12:30
o’clock Friday afternoon. During 25
days In October the mail reached San
Francisco on schedule only five times.
When the trains were as much as an
hour lute the mail was not delivered
until Saturday morning.
“ By the air mnil route letters w rit
ten Monday would leave New York
Tuesday morning, arrived In Omaha,
Neb., thnt afternoon in great plaues
>f the type which nre now being com
pleted fo r the mall service; arrive nt
Battle Mountain, Nev., on Wednesday
iftem oon nnd be in the San Francisco
post office by 9 o’clock Thursday morn-
ng; in fact, delivered almost two days
iliead o f the mall sent overland by
train.
“ This route, if congress permits the
carrying out o f present plans, will be
operated by raultimotored planes car
rying a ton of mail from New York to
huahn, and then onto the Coast by
planes carrying 1,500 pounds over the
Rockies.
“ The West lias been aroused In
I’avor o f this service, but what con
gress will do in the matter remains to
•e seen. Tlie trouble with aviation in
America is lack o f vision and ignor-
ince of the problems that confront
manufacturers. Until the national
eongress obtains a clearer grasp of
this subject the United States will
steadily slip back while Europe goes
forward.
Miss Maude Younger is secretary o f
the legislative committee for the na
tional women’s party o f which Miss
Alice Paul is chairman. O f independ
ent means, Miss Younger devotes vir
tually her entire time to speeeiimaking
nnd lobbying In Washington for the
ratification of the suffrage amendment.
She spent five years in the college set
tlement, New York, where she was
converted to suffrage through her close
contact with the laboring classes.
sion that our airplane Industry Is hold
ing Its own with the rest of the world
and that the air mail service o f the
United States Is the only one In oper
ation.
“ Today It Is the boast of the air mail
service o f the post office department
o f the United States that we have
eight airplanes In the air daily, cover
ing a total of 1,906 miles o f territory
and carrying an aggregate o f 2,100
pounds o f mall.
“ Compare this with the Information
contained In an official report from
London detailing the status of the air
plane postal service in Great Britain
at the close o f the month o f Septem
ber, 1919. This report discloses that
54 government airplanes were trans
porting mails daily from ‘ one part of
F ie ld M a r k in g E q u ip m e n t.
the country to another, tlie latest
“ Included in the equipment Is a field-
routes including Bristol, Birmingham,
marking radio device which enables a
Newcastle, Manchester and G lasgow ;
pilot to steer exuctly for the center of
also that multiple motor Handley Pago
his landing field, although it may be
In D e a th S tru g g le .
airplanes were carrying 1,400 pounds
invisible nnd obscured by clouds, rain,
“ Few o f us apparently realize to o f letter mall to Brussels for forw ard
snow or fog. The tremendous import
day that the American airplane indus ing to Hollnnd and Norwny, nnd bring
ance o f this invention, which has been
try is in a death struggle fo r existence. ing back on the return trip 2,000
perfected by the bureau o f standards
People seem to be under the impres- pounds o f continental mail.”
ou the initiative o f the aerial mail
service, can be barely realized by those
unfamiliar with the art o f flying.
“ Fog is the aviator’s most dangerous
enemy. A m ajority o f crashes and bad
---------
a ------ -----------------------------------
landings nre caused solely by the in
ability o f the pilot to determine his H a r v a r d O b s e r v a to ry F in d s 18 N o t or sixteenth magnitudes, or, in other
P re v io u s ly C la ssifie d T h ro u g h
position nnd the location o f a suitable
words, down to stars about 10,000
P h o to g ra p h ic S tu d y .
landing place.
times too faint to be seen with the
“A new eompuss hns been devised
naked eye. There are something like
Cambridge,
Mass.—
The
H
an
’ard
col
nnd put In service on the small planes,
100,000,000 such stars.
but one o f the most Important contri lege conservatory is tunklng a syste
butions to aviation being worked out matic search for new stars, necordlng
by the aerial mull service, with every to Acting Director S. I. Bailey, who
prospect o f success, is n nonmagnetic said thnt every two weeks a photo
Baby’s Daubs on Wall
and nongyroscoplc compass which will graphic study o f the Milky W ay wns
Better Than Masterpiece
overcome the unreliability o f the mag made and the new stars charted. Since
netic compass caused by vibration nnd this work was undertaken several
Baby finger prints on the
other disturbing features o f an air years ago, he added, eighteen new
wallpaper are the finest exam
stars had been discovered.
plane In motion.
ple o f mural art. This was the
“ We also nre engaged upon n de
“ Through the encouragement and
decision handed down in a New
actual assistance of the aerial mnil tailed study o f the magnitudes of
York city court by Justice Ro-
sendee an American inventor has stars,” Prof. Bailey said. “ In certnln
bitzek, in dismissing a suit to
created a self-cleaning spark plug for special areas, In co-operation with
recover alleged damages be
the powerful high-eompresslon type of Prof. Ixnpteyn o f Groningen. Holland,
cause a baby had embellished
we nre making an especially Intensive
Liberty motor.
the Interior decorations o f an
“ W e have every reason to believe study o f both the magnitude nnd posi
apartment by n frieze all its
that these new inventions will do much tion o f all stars down to the fifteenth
own.
This would be n happier
world to live In,” the Judge said,
only
“ if baby fingers could only
the
make their imprint on the
I
hearts o f men and women.
1
of
would rather see the print ol
baby fingers on the walls o f my
house than have them adorned
masterpieces.”
with the world’s masterpieces.’'
Search Sky for New Stars
DAVISON WELCOMES SIR DAVID HENDERSON
TREASURE DIGGER W IN S SU IT
N e w J e rse y P re a c h e r D o e s n ’t H a v e to
P a y F a rm e r $5,000 on Note,
S a y s C ourt.
Paterson. N. J.— Frederick Loehrs.
pastor of the Congregation o f Enlight
enment o f Soul and Spirit, will not be
compelled to pay $5,000 for the priv
ilege o f digging up a farm in quest o f
buried treasure. A Jury in the cir
cuit court here dismissed the suit
against him on grounds o f “ no cause
fo r action.”
The plaintiff was Daniel Ralslnger,
who said he had loanetl Loehrs $5,000
on a .note. The pastor testified that
Balsinger told him o f a conversation
Balslnger had with a woman. In which
the latter recounted a dream In which
over $2,000,000 worth o f jew elry and
gold was buried on Balsinger’s farm
In Oakland, N. J.
,
The pastor agreed to buy the farm,
he said, and gave Balslnger $20 In
cash and the note fo r $5,000. Then
'h e and Mrs. Sophie Sautter, treasurer
Sir David Henderson, director general of the League of Red Cross Socle- I o f the congregation, and Mrs. Marie
tie«, who arrived on the Baltic, shown as he wns greeted by Henry P. Davison, Bluraer, secretary, dug and dug In
bead o f the American Red Cress.
| vain fo r the valuables. .