Image provided by: Independence Public Library; Independence, OR
About The Polk County post. (Independence, Or.) 1918-19?? | View Entire Issue (Jan. 31, 1919)
I FRENCH LADS RETURN FROM GERMAN BONDAGE EASTERN FARMERS PRACTICE EFFICIENT HUSBANDRY IN CONSERVING PLANT FOOD REDUCE WASTE BY CANDLING f Difficulty in Determining Q uality of Certain Classes of Eggs in Com mercial Plants. (Prepared by the United States Depart ment o f Agriculture.) Held prisoner by the German Invaders and compelled under threat o f severe punishment to labor unceasingly for four years In the rear o f the enemy lines, these French lads, released under the terms of the armistice, are returning to their homes In France. Their belongings, plied high on a wagon "which-they commandeered, have been pulled for miles. HOTEL IN GERMANY USED BY U. S. AS HOSPITAL This hotel, which Is in German evacuated territory. Is Is being used by the Americans as a hospital. It Is being managed by the One Hundred and Thirty-eighth field hospital unit and the men are recuperating rapidly, being given plenty of air and sunshine. The One Hundred and Twenty-eighth field artillery regiment hand is seen In the foreground entertaining the wounded. LADY TOVVNSHEND Although the candling method o f de termining the quality o f eggs In the shell is the best kuown fo r commercial grading, recent investigations conduct ed by theffJnlted States department o f agriculture show that one group o f eggs o f inferior quality cannot be de tected by this system, and that it is inadequate In grading still another group. The Investigations, reported In Department Iiulletin 702, show that ex perienced eandlers and those using ex treme care do not make many mis takes In grndlng eggs. Eggs with green whites and those having a normal ap pearance but had odors are not recog nizable by candling. W ld je rots, more i particularly mixed rots, eggs with yolks slightly stuck to the shell, blood i rings and eggs with bloody whites are not always detected, and are Included | in the group most frequently mlscan- dled by Inexperienced or cureless work- \ men. Eggs with brown shells or light- colored yolks make detection between | good and bad specimens more diffi cult. In the studies with skilled eandlers, who candled a number o f cases o f 30 dozen eggs each, the average propor tion o f bad eggs mlscandled per ease varied from 0.2 in spring firsts to 10.77 in very low grade cold-storage eggs. The percentage o f bad eggs which could not be found by recandling ranged from none to 0.93 per cent per case and depended on the grade o f the eggs examined. In the commercial candling o f 128,5.87 eggs, 5,989 bad eggs were found, o f which 71.05 per cent were recognized by enndling and the balance, or 28.35 per cent, were not found until the eggs were opened and examined Individually. Then It was observed that the 28.35 per cent was divided between a group o f 17.02 per cent bad eggs, which In many in stances ore distinguishable by enn dling, and a second group o f 11.33 per cent consisting o f types of bad eggs which cannot be discovered until the eggs are broken. .The accuracy o f candling depends upon the quality o f the eggs and the skill o f the cnndler, according to the bulletin. In plants having poor man agement and poor eandlers the number o f good eggs In the discard sometimes reached 11 dozen to the case. The en- WOMEN’S RADIO CORPS MEMBERS Manure Spreader Cauies Uniform Distribution of Fertilizer. (Prepared by the United States Depart Is being removed, and partly by ab ment o f Agriculture.) sence o f dry combustion, or “ firefang," Farmers who are confronted with the problem o f maintaining soil fertil ity— Important in carrying out in creased food production— w ill find It profitable, the United States depart ment o f agriculture suggests, to study the methods o f handling barnyard ma nure practiced In parts o f eustern Pennsylvania, where excellent results in adding to crop ylelds-have been se cured. These methods are described In Farmers’ Bulletin 978, recently pub lished by the department. For over a century It has been the custom In this region to store stuble - manure In a walled manure yard, partly or wholly covered, in which the stabled animals are allowed to exercise during the duy. Manure thrown Into such a yard and thoroughly tramped by stock, accord ing to the department’s bulletin, loses much less through heating and leach ing thain does manure piled in the open. Accumulates in Yards. N early all manure produced on the farms In the region to which the bul letin refers accumulates in the manure yards. A ll cornstalks, straw and other roughage not used as bedding are add ed as needed to take up excess liquids. In this way the covered portion o f the barnyard not only affords a dry and comfortable shelter fo r the live stock during the winter months, but it pro tects the manure so that no leaching occurs. In some Instances the corn fodder is run through a cutter, which Increases its power o f absorption and makes the manure easier to handle. The tramping o f the stock packs the manure, so that an even temperature Is obtained, which seems to favor proper fermentation, as Is evidenced partly by the strong odor o f ammo nia In the vicinity «h e n the manure so common in manure piles exposed to the weather. Occasionally a farmer Is found who sprinkles land plaster on the manure at Intervals, the amount ranging from one to two tons a year, applied at the rate of a bushel a week. Disinte grated feldspar rock, common in the vicinity, has been used with good e f fect, but as a general thing the ma nure Is not treated with chemical fe r tilizers. When Manure Is Applied. The manure Is hauled to the fields twice a year on the majority o f farms. Many furmers apply It dur ing the winter when the ground Is frozen and hauling is easier and when there is more time fo r this work, but this should not be done on hillside land or where there is danger o f the manure being washed away when the snow melts and before the ground is sufficiently thawed to allow the sol uble material to sink In. In general practice the sod Is usually manured in the early spring at the rate o f eight to ten tons an acre, nnd is Im mediately plowed and rolled. In the fa ll manure Is applied to oats and corn stubble land. The barnyard Is so arranged that the team and spreader can be driven into any part o f it, including the covered portion, where loading can be done directly. The bulletin describes In detail the crop rotation plan and methods o f handling manure on ten Chester coun ty farms, on each o f which the yield o f corn Is maintained at 75 bushels or more an acre, and where high yields nre 'being made at no sacrifice o f profit. These farms offer good ex amples o f the way In which manure should be handled and utilized to se cure the greatest possible returns. LEATHER IS NEEDED SO SAVE ALL HIDES outer edges should be kept a little higher than the middle, so that the liquor or Airlne formed by the dissolv ing o f the salt In the natural moist ure of the hides may be absorbed bjf them. I f the pack Is low on one side, or is built slanting like a shed roof, the brine w ill seep up, causing the hides to shrink in weight. Use salt that has been screened nnd is free from large lumps and dirt. Dirty salt w ill stain the fresh sides o f hides. One pound o f salt to each pound o f the hide Is the general rule. Hides should remain in pack from 15 to 30 days nnd stored In cool (00 to 65 degrees Fahrenheit) cellars from which the outside air is excluded. It Is Quite Profitable to Skin All Animals Carefully. ■ $ Ta n n e r Pays More for Packers’ Hides T h a n for Those Obtained From Farm ers— Proper Storage Is of Importance. (Prepared by the United States Depart ment o f Agriculture.) ¥ .. I t w 4 J i r 'H , ft J © W «»t* r n New spaper Union \ ; New portrait o f Lady Townshcnd, w ife o f the hero o f Kut-el-Amarn. She was made a stuff officer In the French The Women's Ilinlio corps, an organization with but 21 members and army for her work In organizing can with branches In New York. Boston nnd Washington, is one of the unique teens for the troops In Lorraine. She products of tile war. Their first job was to tench drafted men the radio was often under fire. buzzer. Their next assignment, the one they are doing now, was to Inspect radio equipment In the three cities named, and six are now stationed in each Minor Matter. city. In tlie picture, from left to right, are: Elizabeth Baker, Montclair, N. J ,; A Cardiff woman Joined a private Loreua Ileed, Cambridge, Mass., nnd Hltse Owen, Stonlngton, Conn. literary eirele. Her husband, who has no fail!) In feminine Judgment on such matters, was Anxious to know how things went. “ Well, and what sort o f n meeting did you have?” he asked, on his w ife’s return. “ Splendid!" she answered. “ And what was (he toplo under OK mission ?” “ Oh” was the reply, " I ’ve discussed the antecedent o f that brazen worn an with the dyed hair that Just moved In opposite the Joneses, and also one o f the poets— Shelly, 1 think.” —Cardiff (W ales) Mall. ONE OF BRITAIN'!» NAVAL SECRETS Evading the Law. Mr. Fcdup was tired o f his married life, his w ife annoyed him, his home life bored him, so when walking out on Sunday, ns one o f the numbers on tits dull program, they rame across a d e a d dog In tile middle o f the road. • H e said to the unsuspecting Mrs. Fed up: “ You stay on this side o f the road. 1 darling, and I will go on the other.” When the desired positions were oc- ! cupled he shouted across: “ I promised the pursou when I wed you that naught but death would part This photograph, made on the British "hush" ship Renown, shows an us, and so I am off uow I” airplane ready to leave the ship, the runways being placed on two of the guns. # Candling Eggs in a Government Poul t r y Demonstration Car, forcement o f a system o f cheeking the work o f Individual eandlers, particu larly In plants employing inexperienced help, was found to be the best way to maintain high efficiency and thus elim inate waste by grading marketable eggs ns rejects. BEST WEIGHT FOR LEGHORNS Th re e and O ne-Half Pounds for Hens and Fou r and O ne-Quarter for Cocks Is Average. There Is no standard weight given fo r Leghorns, though the average may be said to be three and one-half pounds fo r hens, nnd four and one- quarter pounds fo r cocks. Bullets und cockerels are n trifle under these weights. Some strains run heavier, which Is obtained by Introducing M i norca blood. It Is thought that some o f the English breeders have crossed n little Wyandotte blood, fo r their Leghorns are o f a much different type. SELECT HENS FOR BREEDERS Choose Individuals T h a t Are Layers and Meet*Standard Requirements ae F a r as Possible. In «electing fo r egg production in clude In the breeding pen hens that laid In November. December and Janu ary. Choose Individuals having con stitutional vigor and meeting standard requirements so fa r as possible. The present very urgent demand fo r leather In the Imltistrles and the in- , crease in price which unseored hides bring on the market emphasizes the lm- \ portance and even necessity o f exer cising the utmost care in removing skins from, farm animals. By devot ing a little extra time necessary in skinning animals carefully— possibly only three to five minutes in taking off the skin o f a calf, or 15 minutes In the case o f a beef hide— the value of the hide may be Increased several times. The tnnner pays more foil packers’ hides than for those from farmers or country slaughterers. This Is due In part to better facilities In the large packing houses fo r curing and storage o f hldas. but principally to the fact that such hides have been taken off properly. Country hides re moved by unskilled workmen are often cut and scored. When such hides come from a tannery, scores show very plainly, and In many cases one-half o f the thickness o f the leather Is lost by such defects. Imperfections can be avoided hy the careful use of the skin ning knife, by keeping the hides clean aj|d free from Mood and by proper storage and packing. The use o f the knife may be avoid ed by taking off calfskins, except on the head, neck, legs and flanks, ns the body skin may be drawn or fisted off. Where the knife Is used, the skin should be drawn taut with one hand, while the knife Is used with the other, special care being taken to hold the j back o f the blade close to the skin. In ‘ lieu o f the knife some butchers use a wooden stick shaped like a man’s thumb and employ a knife only on the | portions o f the body mentioned. It Is objectionable to have blood on the hides, particularly In the summer time, as It Is likely to cause the hair to slip from rotting or decomposition when the hides nre packed nnd the placing o f otherwise good hides In the No. 2 grade on the m arket Care should be taken to avoid plac ing any bides In the pack until they are free from antmnl heat. Allow them to lie folded fo r from three to five hours, or sufficiently long to allow the animal heat to get out o f them. If this Is not done, patches o f decompo sition may result and such hides are often reduced In market value at least a cent or more a pound. In building up a pack o f hides the • : COWS FED INDIVIDUALLY * (Prepared by the United States De partment o f Agriculture.) I f dairy cows are to he fed fo r ifrofltable production they must receive a liberal ration at all seasons. In summer,, pasture generally Is depended upon, but often it must be supplemented by soiling crops or silage, and sometimes by concentrates as well. For winter feeding, the ration usually Is composed of hay, silage, nnd a mixture of grains. In properly balancing the ration the grain mixture is compounded to fit the roughage with due consideration for cost, bulk, palatablllty, and physiolog ical effect upon the cow. For best results, cows must be fed Individually, salted regularly, nnd furnished with all the clean water they w ill drink. WAR CROPS HAVE INCREASED County Agents Boost Hog Production and Sugar Beet Yields in State of Minnesota. (Prepared by the United States Depart ment o f Agriculture.) A 7 per cent increase In hog produc tion and a 25 per cent Increase in sugar-beet production over the pre ceding year is the result o f campaigns carried on this year by county agents In Minnesota. When the call came fo r more pork and more sugar as a war emergency, surveys were made In those sections o f the state where hogs are raised and where sugar beets are grown profitably. The county agents advised farmers to raise one litter more o f pigs and to house and feed them properly. In spite o f the fact that there has been a shortage o f corn fo r feeding and that a large number o f brood sows and hogs were sold and shipped to neighboring states where corn was more plentiful, the Increase In production was made. A larger acreage In sugar beets was also se cured through the efforts o f the agents.
