SCENES IN THE WHEAT COUNTRY.
m i ii i i . i miii -tt - at. ' ' . -
j: g 11
jwHHHHHWommMtMM mw' l
ate canaelty ot from 100,000 to 2,500, HISSt'S ARE HKJHLT rmu.
00 bushels, tome of them built of tL ' . i.i.h-im.u. Ti,..
operated by electricity from Niagara , Ktw,rd, i M.rlt.
Futta, protected from fir "7 pueu-, r.uiniv Kausu Mli
mutlu ty.leiu., and U.vlug coin-! J'!,., . "J dc Xd a. u
plel Uittcliiuery ror cieamu, uijiub . - , , h -,iot,tBd uovel
ami ...m.,l,ltf th .li.lL WtU that tl Usually blOdMUl. OS adopted OOV
necessary,
.......... 1 1 ilia fulitifiil ami
means 01 i""u," :
11 l.nl,av.l amoutt lier miuns, auu
. . ... a J .it. '
tu elevator ar provmeu o- 'V" . lulnrt ,,111,1,voli , th.
called "log.," long .nouti, containing ner I - V" .;.d
I itltrhM ar of exactly th am ten-
lon, but on the machine tby are
' Ilk Da so many pea. The result of
' ilil uniformity It tlint the .boo bold
- . ... 11. 1
LINO CHIt. V
. w- - I la.t umklng bat bo redm.l U uJi ...
OrUHUI Fullm thai Bring Oat tfca
HlgkMt rrm ( KsaeatluMr't Art. .
Executing Ii ftrorlte ttnuMDient la
movh.gbu.k.tb,.,-. hMbiN, "TLT n
Snla the bold gf a gvaln-huleii vihmI. nw ' " '".,, ,,.,,, u
Um the wlimt It iUovmUhI by grlu .. never tl Mjnt tU' '"h", ,J
workmen, lolling In cloud of dnt, bol week wl. out I J
luto b til.wty ot bug. tteti.1 foy. kit. etu. I ni, kelU.r o
ek whleh. lu turn, dnw Iht yellow or f-mtlo. f Iba tl uden
lond-lt look, from tbovellkt to much ut..t ! 'V'1'"1 "l ' K
.ami -to tl.o end. of tb. W wl,,re. b-r.-; AU .lud,uu Uo dl. 11
tbo bm kcl. MM Ifnnd enny It ttaudiird .re ruin doul , of t b. kll 5
wnU Into tbo elevalur. and uitlrllmt-' umleb. 'J h. b . Jo td
It among tlm varlom. blue. A cargo ot mk tver. Krtd.y i t eri aooii.
lS.tK0 bnabela can thua bo unloaded "y 11,0 "" V'0 UOt W"'
i 1 i.n . mi tl.a ml,.. "lmnkv" oil UlHt UK)'.
iu jvw mum, !" .. . iu .t lha
Tiivre a .myu' pi"" "
WIImou dl.lrlft cbd. Four year. ago.
MIni Dniik'lt WMiit there from uuuoia.
MI10 wat a good t'Mibr. but the tlu
moMllv boa. were hoot-lea lc-
tire-tb ntlr work of uuloadu.g, tlm of tbo "hooky k-WJ. fry at t bo
tlorlng and reloading rarely adding would the pretty iM-taoolma . too Id
UOt .'CP lUeiU 10 PCUWUI ivninn.
nrrnngt'd a lUt of rl't to Ihow who
nltcmlBd ri-giibirly, but' they held uo
t tract hmt for the country boy.
Theu .ho conultd with the achool
board on the klrndng quc.tlon. Tbey
wore wlllltig If bo cared to experiment
that way. Koine of tlio tcliool Doara
aide of tho elevator will reload It Into
cart, tlx at a lime In five mtnutet, or lo
an hour till a canal boat.
The co.t of all thete operation. !ai
been reduced to a rldlculoutly low ng.
more than one cwut to tho price of a
bu.bel of wheat , .
Carrlaa to Healioard.
The transportation of wheat from the
Went to the tenboard la a bu.fnew ot
almoat lncoiicclvablo magnitude. Jt
menu, uillllou. of dollar, a year to
railroad ami thlp
MOVING THE WHEAT CROPi
A Gigantic Industry Employing Millions of
Capital and Countless Hands.
At the present time the quantity of
wheat which le tent abroad from the
United State, and Canada annually Is
about 230,01 10,000. iet thU, large a.
it is, will certnluly lie more than dou
bted witliln the next ten year.
Sir Wlllfam Crooke.. the dUtlngul.h
cd president of the British Association
for the Advancement of Science, writ
ing receutly of the proportion between
w heat production and wheat couump
tlont ventured to name the year l'Jai
aa a date when the world' bread eat
er, would cry for more wheat than the
world's furmert could produce. This
may be an overestimate, yet the .tutls
tics from which such prophecies ore
drawn Bhow bow very closely the con
sumer treads upon the beeUof the pro
ducer, and how Imperative 1. the ncces
alty of distributing the crop grown
perhaps half a world away from the
centers of consumption ns soon as It
1. shaken from the threshers In a mill
Ion fields, In order that every white
man shall have his loaf, and have it
before his last supply bat run out.
' Great Britain eats her entire wheat
crop In about thirteen weeks, and then
ehe must be supplied Immediately with
the products of America or Centrul
Russia or India, or else she must suffer.
If the United Kingdom be completely
blockaded, say by the ships of. allied
Europe, her population would probably
be totally extinguished by starvation
within three months. The like Ic ".c
of every country In western Europe,
although In some of them actual star
vation could be much longer averted,
i Generally speaking, tho vast tides of
wheat sent to the east and north from
the emigrant farmers on the edge of
civilization to the cities of the old coun
tries; from tlio American continent,
Chill, and Argentine to Europe. There
ore lesser tides to the west and south,
as from California to China, from Iius
ala and India to England, from the
United States to Brazil.
1 A few years may make a great many
changes In these tides. The rice-outing
Chinaman has tasted the food of ll.e
white man and he finds It good. Uc
could consume the present world's crop
end still go hungry. - Siberia, opened
by the Russian railroad, may yet bo
one of the greatest wheat-prodnclug
countries. Australia has been farmed
only around Its fringes.
When a European thinks of food he
thinks In terms of wheat. He Is tlio
greatest of bread-eaters. Yet In the
best of years Europe never produces
tenough, even Including the crops from
the vast fields of Russia, to supply her
own needs. She is tnerefore absolute
ly dependent on tho United States,
Canada, India, Australia and Argen-
tine.
Proirresslvo Wheat Grower.
The American auu uamiUiau luiiner,
and particularly the Northwestern
wheat fanner, who ploughs and reaps
und threshes by machinery without ho
touch as touching bis product witli his
bands, Is becoming pre-eminently n
man of business." The Governments
tinye supplied colleges for educating
ilm. and they .end him regular bulle
tins containing the results of long-continued
experiment, conducted by the
Department of Agriculture. He is n
, wide reader, sometimes a thinker, and
always a politician. Every morning
during the days of harvest he receives
the reports of the Board of Trade or
the Chamber of Commerce where bis
wheat Is likely to be sold. He has nlo
on his desk dally prices and a general
advisory letter from his commission
men.
The primary movement of wheat is
the natural flow to the local flour mill
where it is ground to feed the farmer's
family, and toward the granary, where
it Is stored up for seed. Tne propor
tion of wheat thus actually retained
and consumed In the country where It
Is grown it very large.
When tho farmer bat amply provided
for himself, he begin to think of soil
ing bis surplus-wblch in IS'.iS, for the
United State, and Canada, amounted
to the enormou. total of 450,000,000
bushels. Ot this, something lest than
half la consumed In the cities of the
United States and Canada, and some
thing more than half It exported to
foreign countries, either at wheat or at
flour.
The wheat crop of the average year
Is, therefore, divided Into three more or
lest equal parts, the first being con
sumed by the farmer and bit Immedi
ate neighbor! of the smaller towns and
villages, the second going to supply the
concentrated masse, of population in
the great cities, and tho third being ex
ported a. wheat or flour to feed tho
foreigner.
Mr. Ray Stannard Baker, In an article
on the Movement of Wheat, In Mc-
Clure's Magazine, tells of the manner
in which the wheat crop It disposed of
by tho wheat farmer.
There are three general methods by
which this Is done. In the prolific
Northwest, where large numbers of
farmers are cultivating from 8,000 to
10,000 acres of wheat a year, where
the various farm building, are con
nected by telephone, where the plough
Ins It done by complicated machinery,
where the farmer owns from two to
ten threshing machines, from twenty
to fifty reapers and hundreds of cattle
aud horses, tho sale ot a crop becomes
a large business proposition.
Rut the great mass ot smaller farm
ers, especially throughout the winter
wheat districts, ttiil .ell In tho old-
fashioned wny, to the local elevator
man or buyer. They keep themselves
so thoroughly informed, however, as
to the reigning price. In the great
marts and the probabilities at to rise
or full, that the commissions of the
local dealer have been acaletf to the
lowest ufitcb. Indeed, In this day of
many railroads, if the small wheat
grower Is dissatisfied with local prices,
be can combine with hi. neighbors a
not Infrequent occurrence and thlp
directly by carload lota to some city
commission man, who Is only too will
ing to buy his grain at the highest pos
sible price.
Hvateni of Klevutor.
So fierce is the competition 'among
the wheat buyers that at some centers,
moBt notably Minneapolis, vast syt
terns of elevator, have sprung up, each
controlled by a powerful ceutral bouse
at the terminal point. There are no
fewer than thirty-six elevator com
panies In Minneapolis, controlling 1,802
country elevators with a combined ca
paclly of nearly 00,000,000 bushels of
wheat.
A aluglo company controls 115 coun
try elevators having a capacity of 4,
750,000 bushels of wheat. And the
head of this company is also the bead
of other companlea there, having lines
of elevators In Minnesota and the Da
kota with a combined stornge capacity
of nearly 10,000,000 bushels. He also
has lines of elevators lu Nebraska and
Kansas.
Perhaps no one thing to almpllfles
and facilitates the movement of Wheat
as the present rigid system of inspec
tion and grading. In former timet a
load of grain must need, be carefully
examined by every prospective pur
chaser, were be miller or commission
man; and if this buyer sold again, a
second examination became necessary,
with it. attendant disagreement as to
quality. The business of wheat buy
ing, indeed, wat full of time-consuming
details, and In the end neither party
to a trade waa likely to be latltfled,
At a conteqnence, tlio Slate govern
ment, or, In some primary markvts, the
local chamber of cum mere, stopped In,
and assumed charge of the whole ays
tern of grading aud Inspection; and
now no portion of the great wheat but
Ine.t moves with more ease and effi
ciency, a degree of care aud accuracy
.Imply niniulng to the outsider being
constantly uinintniaed.
The method of grading the wheat It
thua described by Mr. linker, lu Mc
Clure't:
"The deputy Inspector and bit men
are out early In the morning. The cart
from the wheat field, havt been tbuut-
ed to their special ald'ugt In each ot
the yards. One man goes ahead, re
ceding the number, and lultlals of the
cart, and examining tho teal, to tee
that no one hat tampered with them
A second man break, tho teal, and
opens the doors, and then comet the
deputy himself the wheat expert. He
It quick and keen, long schooled In ob
serving the minute difference, which
mark the wheat from different part of
the country. I aaw one grlxxly old lu
spector who had become so etpert that,
according to humorous report, he could
tell what county lu the Went a car of
wheat came from merely by smiling
plncb of the grain.
A RIkM Kiamtnatlnn,
The Inspector looks sharply for
threshers' dust, oats, coeme; and be
examines the kernels keenly to ice If
tbey are shrunken or burnt; and then
be smells for smut lie even plunges
the rush season of tl hit fail, to grwt
It tho demand for tra importation. ui
tblppcrl Hud dlttVultj lu obtaining
enough cart and t.cK ' 4, ,
Most of tbt wbo t the .ww
now goet by way of H. lke, tli tmgU
the Bnult Bta. Mario canal. 10 'CnflUo.'
where It It shipped by rail or caoal to
New York, Boston, Baltimore and Phil
adelphia. r
Few appreciate the magnitude or me
hike ahlmjlng interests, which bate
been developed to a considerable extent
1U-
aAd.durlng Mh ttmi,INIvv If .bo did adopt
!U i.lmi they believed they would
fchtru to achool again. Bo two ycart
Tba director of lb rarlt Observa
tory ttalet that the map of the betvent
on Wllch work hat been progressing
for mirtf ten years It nearly com
pleted, it will show nearly thirty mill
ion ttara down to the fourteenth mag
nitude. -. .
Frauk M, Chapman, In .peaking of
tba migration of birds, say. the birds
which do not fear attack may migrate
boldly In the daytime, but tho timid
blrdt of tbo forest wait until dark,
then mount high in the air, and fly In
large numbera, keeping In touch with
their fellow by coustaut calling. ,
Tb Pacific Submarine Telegraph
Burvey, aboard the .teamsblp Nero,
bat taken two deepest casta and regit
tored th two doepett , toniper.turet
erer rroordttd. The depth" "re 5,100
and n,2U fathomt, and the tempera-
ait exact cliuc that there w no unu
etilty with any foot uot absolutely do.
formed.
LONESOME AMONO. CROWDS.
Travtllna Me Of tea rl Went ot tom
pal.ttkip la Hlrn I'lai .
'There are many degree, of loueil
ue,M reflectively remarked a grhwled
commercial traveler, "but there l one
that when I used to experience It bit
in wor.t of alL I tell you," contluued
the man of mileage books aud temple
trunks. "It la tb sensation that comes
over a men, especially a young man
when he I. ou a train carrying blni luto
a great city for the first time. It gen
orally strike! bltu at tb outskirts of
the city are reached and tb twinkling
iectrlc lamp, begin to com into view
e
As the train get nearer the center of
tuiet ar 80.0 degree at 5,070 fathom tho city and the llgbtt multiply ten-
and thirty lx degree, at 5101 fathom., fold the ensation increase, airoow m
Tbo new double telescope of tbo Pott- lroortlon, but It doesn t gat In Its
dam Observatory wa. receutly dedl
cated. It cousltlf of two very large
telescopes arranged tide by tide on otie
mounting. The larger, of 02 Inches
apertui and 80.4 feet focal length. It
for photographic use; the other, of- 20
Incbet aperture and 41.2 feet focal
length, la fur visual observation. Tba
and, a tb wretch with bulging eye
Is lit look upon tb seen l horror,
th gentleman upou whom develop tn
principal work advance with drawn
sword. Possibly tbo offeust waa a ligbt
one, or It may be that tb wretch na
obtained partial remission, in wfalcb
case bu will bar the felicity of being
killed lu eight stroke Instead of twen
ty four-or possibly .eventy-two. At
tho first stroke the executioner simply
whisks off one of tb eyebrow o
neatly at scarcely to draw blood, lley,
presto! off come, tb other. Wltb a light
borltont.il sweep be slashes a shoulder
1 lean from the body, performing a Ilk
operation on the other tide a moment
later. Then the breattt are tlmllarl
treated and with a lung forward
quick at lubricated lightning tb exe
cutioner ptuuge bla weapon Into tbo
victim1 beutt. After Jhat all that re
nin Ins i. to decapitate the tifele.a and
maybe .till quivering body ,aud tb exe
cution it complete. '
Tblt It the lightest form of ling cbee.
When, however, Cull ling cbee la per
formed It la a lengthened business, and
the various operations ot the execu-
...... . .... . . , .
-ago ue a b.pU'd tho .cbeine, and It bat primary ooject or tuit ..wietrap
vt.rtiwj w.tl ovcrtlnce. Kpeaking of raeaaur. wltb all poslbl accuracy,
her unhttia experience MU Uaulol velocity or Mart that ar appro
I do not think I am doing anything
wrong In allowing my young men tu
dent, to kls. me at prises for obedi
ence. Indeed, I tbluk It I a great re
form or I should uot iractlco It. My
pupils all respect me. I have a good
attendance. The pHtron of the tilt-
by the trau.portnuou or wuoai. . ... f h ,t l Wlm gUmi
luth-Superlor it th aecona port m i. ,. ,wt) wtr. Juu, j do not mind
United Bute. In po.ur WFZiLl
lug exceeded only by New xork. ".,,,,,...,,,.
QUEER KAFFIR NICKNAMES.
riiey Are (ienvrally tinned 00 "
IiUtlHiiuUlilatf Peculiarity.
Anrtuios of Ma lor Oeueral Baden-
tnately three-quarter of a mill per lou puWi,it a sobriquet. "Ihlnla Pansl." Ht-
per mile. ernlly meaning "to ttay oeiow,' o-
Some of the greater lak vcuclt car-' low,.j Ull ,im ,y u,0 Zulu, It may
ty euui-eo5 eargoe.-up to 250.OM) i,0 mentioned that the native of Souib
bushel of wheat In a tingle load. With- . f ., ftfu ilt.oUlarly happy.. l their
out comparison, It It difficult to form i.glovvll Mf i,muh' upon perwim aud
any conception of the immcu.iiy 01 t,UCM gonera
Runit Kt. Marie Canal oatset two and
a bait timet at much tounagt In eight
month, at the Buea Canal paistti In a
full year. Uke tblpplng furnllhe.
moreover, th cheapest transportation
la the world, the rat being approxi
lug or receding from tb eartb.
The California Miner. Association
bat recently published a treatise on the
mineral wealth of that Btate which
brings out tome fai ls llit aro not gen
erally known. Gold, of course, bold,
the lead, but tt will probably surprise
many to learn that the value ot th
quicksilver annually produced lu can
best licks until the train stops In tb
center of tb big station and tb patsen
Ber bealn to disembark, r
. "Hero I where th newcomer feel
Indeed that be I a stranger In a strange . tioner are watched a keenly by the on
to ml. Bay tbo traluload number 300 , looker a I a great actor In a new
or 400 passenger. It seems to him that part on a first night lie rite to tbo
every other man and woman baa torn ( occasion feeling that moth It required
friend or relative to meet blm, or else 0f blm, . When be bat removed tbo
know exactly wher to go to meet ( br?ata it In tb first method b baa
friends and acquaintances, and bow to j ma a long and expert carving opera
get there qulckert. At for blmself. b tt0n befor blm till tut moment when
may know tb nam of the hotel at ue shall dispatch the wretch; each fort
which he Intend to ttop, but be ha arm, then each upper arm, then a alaab
never seen It and be hasn't tb slight-, from each thigh, followed by dexteroua
est idea In what direction to go to reach , slashes at each calf, and finally after
it. He bat to turn to a policeman for , u, heart baa been pierced, the handt,
dlrectlont at to IU location or to a twl and other, parti all torn under
beckman to haul blm there. If any man jftllnct operation. I
ever think of bit bom town, wher be ( Minor offender guilty of rebellion or
know everybody and verybody know murder may get let off with ttrangula-
blm: wher ba can go anoui nnnaroia- tion. Crucifixion take place, but the
M L nf thlt tl. In Dulutb. 700 busb
. , . . n..t
elt are estimated at a carioau. i i
rate, a cargo of 232,000 bushel, which j
hat actually been tran.Krtwl from Da
tuth to Buffalo, would fill BOO cart, or
uln train of forty car each. At fif
teen bushel, to the acre, thlt cargo
would represent the yield of 10,800
acret of land. In many locallttet a
farm of 100 acret la looked upon at a
large one. It would tnko 105 such farmt
to raise enough wheat to furnish tblt
one cargo. "
Until recently New fork had the
Hon' thare of the wheat export bual
near, but latterly Boston, Baltimore,
Philadelphia. New Orleant, Galvetton
and Montreal have been large exporter.
For the fiscal year 1800 New York took
only 28.8 per cent, whllo New Orleaua
and Galveston bad 10.9 per ceut. each,
Boston 12. Baltimore 0.4, and Philadel
phia 6 per cent., the remainder being
cattered between Montreal, Portland,
Norfolk and Newport New.
To quote again from Mr. Baker, the
average yield ot wboat per acre la gid
ually creeping up. la 1MK) It waa only
11.1 bushel to the acre; In 1805 tt wat
13.7 bushels; while In 1808 It had reach
ed 15.8 bushels. By the ut of machin
ery, combined with cheaper rate of
transportation for auppllet, th farmer
can produce a larger yield mor cheap
ly than ever before, o that, although
the farm price for wheat do not aver-
I age higher from year to year, th farm-
..rnflo nr lnrirer. ' '
Destroying- Momiulton.
For teveral month past experiment
have been conducted at Batsarl, In 8a
dlnla, by Dr. Fernl, Ir. Cossul-Rocca.
and Dr. Lurabau, for th purpot of rid
ding that town of the moaqultooa with
which It I overrun. Tho doctor ef
fectually destroyed the larvae by die-
trlbutlug large quantltle of petroleum
In tbe twampi and other tpott wher
the lnseott bred, and tbe mosqultoet
were exterminated by chlorine and
other powerful destructive chemlcala.
It v based on nonie willeut
peculiarity lu the cue of place and on
some physical defect or virtue in tue
ca of tM-rsoiis.
'..," lu tho Matnbel campaign,
vtwt further ihrlsteued "liupeso." 'or
the wolf, by the Kalllrs. on account of
the fact that he used tu ateal over the
fldt at dusk. The lata Sir Tbeopbl-
lti Hliepstoiie, while British diplomatic
auetit at Fort Peddle, lu the Cap Col
ony, acquired the name of "M ontu."
the mighty hunter, a title iy which 11
wa ever afterward known in fwuiu
Africa. The Ut Bishop Colensu.
whose affection for and deep Interest
lu the Zulu I welt kuown, wat oesig-
uated by them a "M u bantu, ' father
of the people. John W, Bhcpfctone, ton
of Kir Tbeophllu and for many year
ludite of the Natul native high court, 1
called by bla legal aubjecta "Mr. John."
The attorney general of tbo colony ap
parently ttrlkut awe luto tu native
brcust, a do certain other bead of
departmBiit. who. Twin tbe fact of
their occupying private room remote
from the clerks, are designated "lulu
kosl ka PakHtl" tlord of the Inner
chamber). A tall, thin young man
n Mnrltxhurg wat known to hi hiaca
... a ih.iuI.I H
lervnnt 0 "tmtwata 10 jwibui,
aieatilnir the Boiully tnpllug, and a man
who wat left-handed In most thlngt
wat promptly distinguished at "Neeii.
r tho left bauder.-raii Man uaaeue.
" -;--8g .... ;-ktaJLa. jL ,
forula I 60 tier ceut. greater than th
value of the silver found there, and . .:,.. a waii witi, hi ere onen.
that even the petroleum output of the tb)nk of t tben An Jn Blne t(mei
out of ten, be wlshct biroteir back
there.
"With the second trip to a city tb
lonely feeling begins to wear off, and,
after a while, tb victim of It grow to
looking forward to getting back there
again. But It bits tb most of ut bard
the first time, Just at I bavo described,
and It't a mighty deprettlng sensation,
you may well bellve."-Phlladclpbla
Inquirer. , ,a
State exceed th silver production In
value. Copper aud boras rank among
the Important mineral of California. .,
The filtration of the water supply of
cities by meant of sand filter-bed, or
mechanical contrivances, bn rapidly
advanced In till country during Uip
past ton years; but It It far more gen
eral In Gnat Britain than bere. Allen
llaren, an authority on sanitary engi
neering, aver tbat tho fact I fully e
tablisbed tbat tho death-rate from ty
phoid fever I materially lowered by
the filtration of the water-supply. In
Great Britain, cltlct containing an ag
gregate populatlou of more than 10,
victim la left to -die wltb a ttrlug tied
tightly around bit throat "SH'"!
I
' . w . 1
AW A3 INTERPRETED.
Statute to license and regulate th catt M llke iarabs.
Tbe British empire It forty time
larger than tbo German empire and six
teen time larger than all tbe French
dominion. '
Ostrlcbe are often unruly, and wben
they are tblpped each of them ba a
lady' stocking drawn over the bead
and neck, aud in that condition tbey
- To tbe Academy of Science (Part),
buslnes of commission merchants, . or I
11. .-.i-..l...t nrnets ' . " ' ' : . '
(IK),01H iKHiple me a tana Ditorea r' 1 , ateiu reports mat wucn tue nean
water-.upply, and tbe result. It l m " proau " I of anlmalt bat ceased to beat for a
quarter ot an hour. It has ocen ream-
UD "... . 1 nl. . WaoneT
clalmwl, I aboD In Uudon'. freedom ' . w " - ' ' ,
from typhoid. In tblt country only (Minn). 40 U
one tentb tt the town and cltict have ""cite of tbe pollc. power and no
filtered water.
The dlacovery of the part played by
Infected rat In the dissemination of
the bulwnlc plague ha led to a new
lun rprotatlou of a passage In tbe First
Book of Samuel, describing a fatal
sickness which affected tbe Philistines
after they carried off tb Hebrew Ark
of the Covenant. Mice are mentioned
In connection wltb tbe epidemic, and
LAKE VESSELS LOADING AT A CHICAGO ELEVATOR.
a hollow bras, tube into tho heap to
make sure that some cunning shipper
baa not put In a layer or 'plug' of poorer
grade wheat at tbo bottom of the car.
Usually ho la able to decide on the
grade of a carload almost as soon it be
sees tbe wheat; but sometimes no 1
compelled to take out a plncb hero aud
there, and then weigh it in a tmio
brass kettle, to make sure that It comes
strictly within tbe lawful specifica
tions, lie it an absolutely Impartial
Judge. He record only the number and
Initials of the car. Ho never knows vbo
it tbe shipper. I beard of one deputy
who Inspected his own brother's wheat
for tlx montht without knowing whoso
It was.
"The official Inspector Ir accompanied
by a number of actlvo young men of
the sampling bureau, which represents
tho great elevator and commission
house. They climb Into the car, thrust
a brass plunger deep Into the wheat,
bring up a sample here and there, fill
a bag, label It with the number and
Initials of the car, nnd pass on with the
Inspector. It la awlft work, of neces
sity, for the sample must be In at the
opening of tbe Chamber ot Commerce,
where, set out In little tin pans, each
bearing the grade tog of tbe State in
spector, they form the basis of . tbe
day'i trading."
At present the four great wheat ele
vator centen are Minneapolis, Dulutb,
Chicago and Buffalo. In tbe last-named
city tome of the elevator have a ttor-
The doctort in their report considered It
posslblo to free any town Infested wltb
mosquitoes by this meant, provided tbe
place it not too unfavorably situated.
It it an economical remedy, costing
only about $250 a year for a town pos
sessing a population of about 50,000 In
Nervy Fraud on a Dank.
An Impudent fraud wa perpetrated
upon an English bank by one of lta
customers, who opened an account with
tome few hundred of pounds. ' The
man, after a few weeks, drew two
check!, each within a pound or so of
bis balance, and, aolectlng a busy day,
presented himself at one end of tho
counter while an accomplice, when ba
tnw that his friend check bad been
cashed, immediately presented his own
to a cashier at the other end. Both
cashiers referred the checks to the
ledger clerk, who, thinking the same
cashier had asked blm twice, said
"right" to both checks. Tbe thieve
were never caught
Expatriation.
It la said that a large number of
wealthy Americans are thinking of set
tling permanently In Great Britain. ,
- An unfortunate characteristic of a
girl Is that if two girls have been faith
ful friends for fifteen years, a young
man they have known but ten day can
make trouble between them.
' ' vr 'r'
4 , ..
PHILOSOPHY OF AN OLD SALT.
fIU Party of Bov Wh Bom Bird
1 11 mm 1 1 fulilrt.
WhIW bunting for bird' nett re-
H'litly In clump of virgin rore mai
rluge the lake shore ai r.tigcwuier a
arty of high-school pupil discovered
dead woodpecker banging bead down-
.vnrd from tho limbless aide ot a tall
:ree. It lega did not teem attached to
iiiythlng, but on closer scrutiny a par-
Icularlv tlnc-anuu. thougn very iroug,
obweb wu found entangling tho tluy
ilid'a claw.
The youths bud not concluded their
qiecuhttlous 11. to "the bow and tbo
.vhynes" of tho bird' tad end when a
len brouxed sullor of tbo type of Colo-
ldL'u's "ancient mariner" arose a rrom
1 mist out of tbe lake aud, approaching
.he .cone of the discovery, gavo a curl
ut explanation of the putxlo the tu
lent were resolving lu their wind,
Mat the sailor said wa about a fob
ows: .
"Alns aud alack, 1 am grloved to eo
baftho tropical custom of tbe o-call-1
m.l.lorweb suicide, among emull
ilrds of the South Sea Island Is spread
nif to the feathery tribe of the north
ru latitudes. That you, my youthful
rloud. uiav understand my meaning,
t Is only necessury to ny that tbe abo
iglnea of many tropical countries have
t pr ty fablo telling bow tbe mnio
lummlng bird commits suicide by en-
angling Its toes in an overhanging cou
ul of the Hpldcr-lufcted woods
Aliencver the female for which an at
n. hment lius been formed, la mysteii
,,.iyulii.g .from Its bauut or ba
lied or been trapped ror mo miuiuory
ihmu of the highly clvlllxod nations."
v-Cbk'dso Chronicle.
RUSSIAN DISLIKE OF TUNNELS
Itemarkaiiie StHtement by on American
,. liallway Jimpoetor,
There are naturally a number of
overplus curves through tlio Ural, but
ill tunneling has been avoided, The
writer did uot see a single tunnel lu tho
Urnl llange. It Is n remarkable fact
llllt dUI'lllg lUO , liaussiuenuu miinujr
uspoetlpu the writer did not observe
1 tunnel' anywhere; and even after -cou-iti'ilug
the Inspection right Into the
neart of Russia about 2.000 miles more
if line had been covered before be saw
be first tunnel.-'This was hear Tyfa,
not far from the Illustrious Tolstoi's
Domes and It was while responding to
1 prearranged Invitation from le grande
itisMe tluit the writer came across this,
the llrst tunnel noted, after 6,000 mile.
)f overland railway Inspection.
A Russian mil wny .engineer would
sooner blow up a small mountain than
niako a tunnel, leaving a yawning
chasm between the rocks, with two
"streaks of rust" at the bottom thereof
a. a souvenir of bis activity. Or, if he
finds that, after going to the mountain,
the mountain Is not likely to yield to
him, his Instructions are to circumvent
It by a long detour. Anything to avoid
tunneling! The primary aversion to
tunnels In Russia Is not alone their first
cost, but their sunsequeni cost; ior 11m
noi like houses, always have "tome-
tuing the matter with them."-Cawler'a
Magaalu. "" .. '
an Infringement ot the contltutlonal
right of tuch merchant.
A statute making It unlawful to work
more than eight hour per dy In mine
I or tmcltert 1 held. In re Morgan (Colo.),
47 L. R. A. 52, to be In violation of con
stitutional guarantiee of liberty and the
right to acquire, possess and protect
property, notwithstanding a decision of
the Bupremt Court ot tb United State
thla fact, togetbor with the descrip- holding that tho Federal Con.tltutlon
tlon of th effect, of tbe disease, lead wa not vioiawu vj .ucu naim.
Doctor Tld.well and Dick of tho Roy- Borvlc on a perwn of a notice of ult
al Society of New South Wale to the against blm In another Btate, made only
conclusion that the epidemic described
In Samuel was an outbreak of tbe bu
bonic plague. Thl carries the history
of that disease K00 year farther back
than It bad previously been recorded.
GENESIS OF GLASS WINDOWS.
Thty Were Not VA in Dwelling
Till Lon; After I heir l)lcovry.
Tbo method of preparing glass wa
known long before It waa thought of
making window ot It Rich people In
Rom bad their window, or lb oiwu
Ing ot tbelr bath, filled wltb mica or
transparent atone. It I supposed that
glass waa used for window during the
relgu of Titus, fragments ot glass piate
having Iwcn found at Pompeii, which
was destroyed lu bis reign, but the brat
certuln mention of this use of glass I
found In writing of the third century.
St Jerome also sneaks ot it at used A.
D. 42Z Benedict Biscop Introduced
glass window lu Britain A. I). 074,
though they may have previously been
brought In by the Romans.
Tbe oldest glass windows at pres
ent existing are of the twelfth century
lfnd are tu the church ot St Dculs.
They appear to have- beeu preserved a
part of tho old church, wmcn was
erected before the year 1140 by the -Abbot
Sugcr, a favorite of Loul le Gro.
Soger had sapphires pounded up aud
mixed wltb tbe glass to give It a blue
tint. A writer of tbe period accouuted
it ono of tho mbst striking Instances of
aplendor which he met in Vleuna In
1458 that most of tho bouse had glass
windows. Another authority, Fellbtcn,
snys that In his time (1000) rouud glass
discs were et In the window of Italy,
and we find that In, France there were
glass windows In all the churches In
tho "sixteenth century, though there
were few in .dwelling houses. The
manufacture of window gloss in Eng.
land was begun In Crutcbed Friars,
London, early In the sixteenth cen
tury. - '". ' '",1' '
THE SOUTH'S SMALL FEET.
five day before he I required to ap
pear, and when it would take four day
of constant traveling to reach the court,
giving blm but one day, and that Bun
day, to prepare for the trip, without
any allowance for accidental delay, I
held by tb 8upreme Court ot tbe Uni
ted State In Roller vt. Holly, U. 8.
Adv. BheeU. 410, insufficient to consti
tute reasonable notice or due process
of law, tbougb the suit Is for tbe fore
closure of a lien upon land within tbe
Jurisdiction of tbe court
Wanted, Dcwlrablo Gueata.
Talking ot costly amusements, it I
easy enough for the rich to indulge In
them; but It I not to easy to find com
panion for their Idle hourt. Any man
who hat tbe money to buy tt can own
a steam yacht. All he baa to do la to
fill ont check, but when It come to
making a crulto and filling the cablnt,
then the real bard work begins. Prob
ably you will exclaim tbat such a Job
at getting guests for a yachting trip
must Indeed, be easy, for tbe supply
of peoplo must exceed the demand. All
of which Is true, but not all the truth,
which must Include the melancholy
fact tbat the people who can go and
want to go are not usually the ones
you want to have go. One can fill
one's list with boyt and bald beads;
between these eitremes there are few
eligible and agreeable men. It Is, In
deed, easy to make up a pleasant par
ty for a summer run to Bar Harbor or
Newnort or. perhaps, a March cruise
to New Orleans, but to take In tbe
Orient requires men of . leisure, who
are scarce. One cannot sail around
without companions with whom to
while away the time, The qualities that
compose companlonabtllty tbat will
stand wear and tear are difficult to
find. We have agencies for about ev
erything in this land of the free where
there are so few really free. Why
not have agencies for the supplying ot
desirable guestsT ;
Shorter Than Northern Feet and with
Mora Arlstocratlo laatap. -
"There is no doubt a marked differ
ence," said the manufacturer to tbe only reccutiy became a part of bis es
New Orleans Times-Democrat man, "lu tabilshment. He is so awkward In com
the slr-o aud snaps or me merage 1001 njU1)cating wItu PP'8 telephonlcally
-, Contused.
A certain liveryman wbo la slow to
take up modern Improvements has been
timid about using the telephone, which
north and south of Mason and Dixon's
Hue. A great deal of nouBcnso has
been written about tbe so-colled "Cre
ole last,' but the shoe best adapted to
high-class Southern trado does pos
sess certain distinguishing features of
Its own. It Is .shorter than tho North
ern shoe, to begin wltb, aud has a much
higher Instep. The difference tn the In
step varies from one-half to one and a
half Inches, which Is equivalent to say
ing that a man with a typical Southern
foot could not get luto a shoe made on
a typical Northern last, The creolo
model cuts less of n figure In the trade
now thun It did formerly, for two rea
sons: First, people wear looser fiot
gear at present than they used to and
the distinctive points are uot so notice
able, nnd, second, an Immense num
ber of Northern folk bitVe come Into
the South and the local manufacturers
cater to their patronage with a consid
erable percentage of the factory out
put. But the native Southern customer
still calls for a short, hlgh-urched shoe.
"In the old doys every Southern gen
tleman had bis boots and shoes mudo
to order and the Impression is even
now pretty general that no factory
made article can possibly be as good
as the hand-built wares turned out by
the antebellum craftsman. That is a
great mistake. A high-class machine
made shoe Is better than anything pro
duced by hand, for the simple reason
that the stitching Is absolutely uniform
throughout In band work ntt two
that he never answers the ring or "calls
up" unless absolute necessity requires.
This necessity came the other day when
there was no one tn the office but blm
self. Going to the telephone, he rang up
a grain and bay dealer and bawled:
"Bring down some hay." - '
"Who is It tor?" Inquired the dealer.
"What's that?" was the nervous re
sponse of tbo liveryman. '
"I said who Is the hay for. How can I
send hay unless I know wbo Is it for?"
"Why," was the curt answer, "it's for
the horses, of course. You didn't sup
pose I eat hay, did you?"
The bay did not come that day. De
troit Free Press." - . - ' T
Wearing of Men's Attire by Women.
In Franco women are allowed to
wear men's attire, butthey must pay
for tbe privilege. The amount of the
tax which a woman pays for wearing
masculine garb is about $10 a year;
but her willingness to pay the tax does
not Insure nor tbe right to wear these
garments. Aa a matter of fact the
right is conferred by the government as
a tribute of great merit . -
Every year, as a man's rheumatism
becomes worse, it seems to take longer
for spring to come.
mated by abdominal massage.
There are a number of deep places In
the Hudson, as every one Is aware, but
few, know tbat spots ranging from a
depth of twenty to twenty-four fath-
Uln. aro i:iuvuw wit nuu vw.u v
the highlands.
There are 0,750,000 volumes la tbe
libraries of the American college and
universities. Harvard has five Hun
dred thousand volumes, Chicago uni
versity 550,000. Columbia 275,000 and
Cornell 225,000.
Because ot the multiplication of gov
ernments In Chicago due to tbe exist
ence of seveu townships In , Cook
County the per ceut. cost of collecting
taxes Is G.C0 as compared wltb .57 in
New York proper, .07 lu St Paul aud
1.12 lu Boston. -
In order to facilitate traffic along the
Shores of tbe Dead Sea it has been de
cided to establish regular intercourse
by mCans of small steamers, and tbe
first steamer has been purchased. It
will certainly bo a shock to many to
bear of a steamer on this historic body
of water. "
In olden days, when tea wa a rare
and precious luxury, silver strainers
were used, luto which the exhausted
leaves were put wben" they had been
well watered and drained. Tbey were
afterward eaten with sugar on bread
and butter. This fact is recorded by
Sir Walter Scott In , "St Itonan'i
Well." , ,
From a lecture delivered In the Sor
bonno by M. Mangln, it would appear
tbat Paris possesses about eighty thou
sand trees In tbe streets and public
places In the city. It Is calculated
there are twenty-six thousand plane
trees, seventeen thousand chestnuts
and fifteen thousand elms, the re
mainder consisting of sycamores, ma
ples, lindens, etc. Apparently, there la
only ono oak and one mulberry.
The Burning Question.
We're kind of on the anxious seat just
r now In our town t
We're soon to be puffed, up with pride or
sadly beaten down; ;
There' some of us Republicans and some
arc Democrats, '
And each crowd wants Its man to win
" when 'lection Comes, but that's
Not what we're thlnkin' most about the
- thing we'd like to know
Is what tbe fisgers gathered by tbe cen
sus nien'U show, . '
For we've done a lot of boastin' and we'll
all be pretty sick '
Unless our town Is btggcr than the town
cross the crick.
We've had our arguments about the
Briton and the Boer,
We've wrangled and we've jangled, but
they trouble us no more;
... . .. It. .. . n ..n...lnn- .nrf Ao
cussed I the Philippines,.'
And we've had a lot ot tilts about the
question of canteens;
We nearly had a riot over Aguinaldo, too.
And a lot ot us have worried as to what
the- trust'll do,
But the question now before us and we'.
want it settled quick
Is whether we've beeu gaiulu' on the
town across the crick. " . -
We've discussed the labor troubles with
' ' ' . the strikin' and the fights. :
And we've taken sides about them and
we've jawed with all our mights;
We've worried over China and tho mis-
- slonaries there, ,
And we've talked about the burdens that
.:. the poor folks have to bear.
But at present there's a question that is
greater than them all,
And it ain't the one of wlnuiu' at the
lection In the tall,
For we've done a lot of boastiu' and
we'll all be mighty slek
l't this town don't show up bigger thnq
the town across the crick. .
S..E, Riser, ,
HetVaotory.
Mrs. Peterkln Without exception,
you are the most obstinate, perverse
man I ever saw.
Peterkln What have I dono now?
Mrs. Peterkln Why, I have had that
new cough mixture in the house a
month and you haven't once caught
cold. Harper's Bnzar.
London' Underground Railway.
It coat $1,500,000 per mil to build th
underground railway of London,
The lost request a woman usually
makes to her most intimate frleud, Is
uot to tell her age.
Just before tbe moon reaches ber but
quarter she look Jlk 80 cents, j . 1
1