hop tht depression In th price of
allver I temporary and that a further
trial 0' till legislation will tin favor
ably effect it, , But the lnrrted whim
ot eutrency thu supplied fr the u ot
tht people was needed. That beneficial
mult upon traits and price which have
followed thin hgitiatton, I think, wmt
la very clear lo everyone, nor aimuM tt
b fermitten that lnrPVMvilolUf w( thtw
not. istmed a lull dullni'a storlh ot tb
YVt bulliOU ID At th till If tlepoeitcd In
tli treasury M eccurily tor it redemp
tion. Upon thi auhfecL a upon the ta-itT,
mt reeoinutendntlon Li that the existing
law re given a full trial, nud that our
Imsine b spared th dntilti(i
hiiltiuua hi.h threat ol radical
change always impart, UmWr tht
ahtting law mentioned, it il In ttie
power ut th tu-naury department to
maintain that emmniiaf litlon ot na
tional rinniire, m well ot comnipmlal
proapetily, tht purity in im of th coin
l,ilUr and their natter iiwenttlvM.
, Tht aa ranee Unit the power would
h freely mt DhwitUtiiy wwd bve
done nmrn la prmiur mm utin ww
itrcscul lawrtile condition.
I nut till of the opinion iht tht tret
coinage of tllvf,unhr the eaSetlng con
dition, wmttd dwastnmaiy affect our
rinnimw Intereat t home an 1 aim!.
We could not hope to maintain an ejal
!ty in tht pnrehnaittg! power ot the gold
and ailver ilillr in our own market
tnd In lureiuu trade tht alaum give w
ad'hd y-iu to tht bullion contained in
mtn. Tht producer of tht country, ami
its farmer tiul laborer have tht highest
interest that every dollar, paper or win,
leaned by Hi government, shall ba as
H otata'uvother. If there it ont Itw
vaiuahl than another, tt nr and
Mont errand will I to pay them foi
their toil ami tht crept. Tht money
lender, will prtit ct himself hy MipuUt
Inic for ptywtnt In ttiM, hut tht laburti
tu oi'vcf l'i n mho u no umi.
T plai" huine upon tllverbatli
would niotn a tuiMpn and wr eon
trni'lloo of ttit rnrrciM7, and by th
lttdraluf jU tnd e.ld note and
tiioh tn nn'.tlna l ail valw would
prohipenftinimDivUI psnifu I cannol
l-lievt that a pvopln w strong and pro
peroiit a oura will promote u-h t
m1h v. tii pro-incoi1 m wiv-er art en
titlfd to I'lft nfdimlion, but tht
tiiouM nut forxrt that tli irovernmeul
i. mi huviii'j and imttina out of the
nmrkttt wimt i Kiuivalont of tht entire
prvdmt ut our tilv.r mine. 1 hi l
irort'ban they themcelvet tlmnght ot
kint tew yetra ij. t lxIU'tr It l
tht enrneet dert ol a gtvt malnrlty ol
tht people, a it i mine, I hut a lull coin
a-w ahall ht wad ol ttlver jnut a toon
a the ixwMifiniiun of othrr nation! ran
twtrcnreil and a ratio Used that will
g'vt cireulaiion eqaly to rtlil and
tdver. Th liiieof the world divide
tl nn ot Kith mi'tala. hut i do not art
any ptwiet of irtin, 1 it much of loea,
by irivlii np the piewnt ytent, in
which a full not ie made of (told and a
larir" tl" ol tilver tor ont In which til
mt a!on will eirrolate. Stteh an event
wonid I at one fatal to ttte further
prmrreM of tht ilvr aitreement.
Kimetal'Xm i the dwaiwl nd, and
tht tr;it li-b-ud of ailver will be cartful
not to overrun the gold and bring In aib
ver nionomelalloro, with ita necetnary
attendant, the loetof onr gold to Eu
rope and the relief of the preta, and
th. retort a large cnrrenry. I havt trc
deavort l, by tht ate ot official and un
official agencle, to keep a clow oHmf
tnce of tht ttate of public iw-ntiuien'
in Europe npon thia question, and
havt not found it to he iucfi
a to jtiatify me in proprHing att
international conference. Ih re i,
however, I am ure, a growing eeiiii
ment in Europe in favor of tht target
at ot til ver, and 1 know of no more
etli.'cUinl way of proiooting thin (fiiti
ment than ' v an'Uiiiulating gold here,
A acarri'v "1 gold in the Knropean re
aerve will be the moet rsiiarive argn
ment tor the net of eilver. .
Tbeexp"rto irold to Kurope, which
began in K 'Timry lHt and eontintiejt
nntil the ciokt ot July, amsroga'ed nve
70,XtO,aX). The net om of g .Id dnrhi
the (lat at year wu nearly t'Jt HM (i.
That no (erfm monetary (iit'irl):iiic
reenlted waa tnnit gratifying, and gavi
to Kiirope Ireah evidence o( 'tlittrtnt!i
and ttahility ot our llimii'i.n Imtnu
tion. With the movement ol rropi t -outllowot
gold wa eiveitily d'hiiuiI,
and a return wt in. Vp to ' Ditt-mtv
let we had recovered of our gold lota ai
the port r,( New York, ,.'7.8$l,tM, ami
it ta confidently Ix'.h'ved Ihalditringthr
winter and eiiriug tl ia aggregate will Ih
tuudily and largely increased. Tut
pronenct of a iarue cash aurplim in the
trenmry hn fur nniny yenr been the
nbjert of much unfavorable criticism,
and hat (uriiinhed an arimiiieut to thore
who have dwired to place i he tariff upon
a purely revenue liaeia. It was agreed
by all that the withdrawal from circula
tion of to large an amount of money wan
an embarrassment to the btiMiue of the
oontry, and made iiecenry the inter
vention of the deportment at intervl
to relieve threatened monetary panic
The tnrplm on March 1, 1.V80, waa 183,
827.11K) 29.
The policy of applying thin inrplua to
the redemption of trie interest lK!aring
aecuritici of the United tilate wnc
thought to lw proferi ble to that of de
pofiting it without intercat in (elected na
tiuiial inink!. Tnere liave l'n redeemed
since dule lat mentioned of interest
txia'ing fecuritie r2 )0,07l JJo'), resulting
In a reduction of the animal intercut
chargeof$ll,H3 075. The money widen
inn I lieen ilepoeite.l in bank wituout In
t'rot 1 Ijeing gradually withdrawn and
nd in redemption ot bond. - The re
unit ot thi policy of theailver leginlatlon
and of refunding the porcent, bondu
nni neen a large lncreaee of the money
In circulation. At the date lnt named
the circulation wa .205,BMB, or
Oil per capita, while on the lot day
of December, 18111, it had inorenttd to
1. 677,2 2 07.), or M 38 per capita. The
offer ot the secretary of. the triamiry'o
the holders of the A per cent, bonds to
extend the tlm of redemiition at the
option ol the government at an intercut
of 2 per cent waxnncapted by the boldcro
or about one half the amount, and the
unexten'led Ikui'I are being redeemed
on presentation,
Kit-llinlon of Chlneat.
The enforcement by he treamiry de
partment of the law preventing the
coming of Chlneae to the United Klatea
hue lieen effective a to landing from
vecHels arriving In port. The provi
sion has been made to divert the travel
to vet! entering the port of British
O'llumbla, whence passage Into the
United Hiate at obscure point along
this Dominion boundary i easy. A very
coiiHiderable number of Chinese labor
er have, during the past year, entered
the United State from Canada and
Jjcilco, Tie officer of tb treamry
deiiartineiit and th department ol
jtittlc have uhI every mean at tl'tir
eutnutamt to iuterceot thm lmmturoinm,
but the' mpvi Ihility of ctlWliveSv
gnanlingour exiewM (rntier la ap
parent Th Umiiulon gowrnment hI"
iwit a tax ol 3u twin ev ry tHi naimm
tillering Canada, and tltt derive a t on
tidtrahhi rvvvnut trout Xlvm whaotdv
ue it port to retch the ptirlt'on ot ad
vantng" hi tvoln our excliiniiiu I ft.
It aevm to he aatlsfactory tvl'lenee
that the huvlnea of iitig t'hluameii
through Canada to tl o l'nite.1 HUle la
organinKl and iptlelSy dont, Juttlcn ha
eonttrutd th law to mptitt the return
of anyChinamen found k lw nulawfully
in thl entintry to t.'tdna a the country
(row which they cam, nolwlihutandiiig
ttit (act that lw cam by w ay of Canada i
but the diatrlet wnrta have in cae
brought Udort theinoverruUxl thin view
ot tts law ami decided that unci per
ton mint t returned to Canada, Thl
eonatntniun ndw the law of all ellWtiv
nee tl the decree esuld 1 executed,
forth men returned can th next day
reerwt our biwler. Hut th only ai
propriation made t tor tending Ihem
imi k Ui China, and the Canadian olll
elala Hfne to allow tJietn to re-enter
Canada without the payment ol the 5i
per head tax, 1 recommend uch leg;
ntion a will reiutdy the deleci in
in taw.
Kthrw rhnul for Olrla,
The act ot July 9. 18HH. provided for
the lncirpraton and management of a
reform whool fur gtrla in ttie lilatrict ot
Columbia, but il ha remained inopera
tive, fur Hit reawn that no appropria
tion ha beeh ntd tor eonatrnctlon or
maintenance. Th neel of inch an In
iltntjon I iirutuit. Many airla euld
be aaved from depraved live by th
whnlotom intluencea and reatralnt of
ncti a achoolt I recommend that th
necemary appropriation be made for a
lte ana lor conirucwon.
Kittle tf Cawrl Orltetra,
In prvvlou uttttnag 1 bav called
the attention of cougreaa to the neceo
titvof o extending the urldlcllon ol
the United H ,te omrta a to make jur
adiction therein any felony commuted
while in tl e act ol violating a taw of the
United Hints. 1hea cotir cannot
have th Independence and t lf ctivym t
which the coimtltutlon rontemplatea,
o long a the fvUmeon killing of hUh
court officer, jntor nd witnetaea in
ttie dieclinrve of their dutic. or by
rvn I their act M (tt-n i amy rva-g
niaabtt in the Ml court.
Court af I. unit t'lln.
The Judge of the eouH of pilv1 land
claim provhleil lur oy in act ol starcl
;!. t have la-en apiJted and itn
court organiri'd and it i now powi le tti
give early atten'ion to c uniiiiinit'ef
!,mi tlioirivt I ol tli.ilr dcvclon iii-iiL bv
onwtUe.1 litlea, and to etaiiih the
ponaettton and rinlit of tb ettler wtewe
land have been rendered valuelet bj
advene and unfounded ciaims.
Tli t'uaiol ttartie-
In th r.-Hirl of tio potmatergeu
r tome very grat'ivlna reu!t re ex
liib Ud and many betterment of (he
Avrvic uggeteii. a jwru-ai oi in re
(tort give ahuiidiint evoli;mi that the
otperviaion and direction ol ttit potial
yateiii have been char terixd by an
intelligent and conacientioti deair to
inp ove th aervice. Til revenue of
he deprtment how an lncreae ot
W,CXiO,ii, whdt tti tatimate for the
vear IWS a how a nroln of receipt
over expenditure. Ocean mall P11
office have iwii etblialied npon th
ieaierof the North tierman.Uoydand
(lamhurg tine, aaving by the dialribu
tton on nhipliotird from two to fourteen
hour tint in th delivery of mall at
she port of entry, and often much more
than thi in tile delivery at Interior
!oe. Ko thoroughly ha thi vtetn
i n Initiated by tiernmny, and th
United H ate evinced it uefnlne,
ml tt cannot lw long Imfore tt I in
tilled upon toe grout ocean mail-carry-n
!camhip, Klght thouaand mile
( new polid nervhe ba twen ettale
ihei o(vn railroad. Thecardiatrlhu
i.,n to tub atasioti In the great citiea
ihi boi n iiierecd about t er cent,
v-tillf the m'fientagt of error in dlalri
KiiUm ha during the pt year lieen
rained over one-half,
An appMpri.diou wn given by tht
ant tongre 'or the puronof making
jine experiment In free delivery in the
onaller citiea and town. The reult
f the xeriiiienl hav been m aat
(n'tory that the Ofitmatr general
ecommenda, and I concur in the rec
lmincndiitiun, that the free-delivcrt
-vatein ! at once extended to town o
.OiK) Hpu atiori. Ilia dieuwlon ot tht
nmlniuiite fiicililiit extended limlci
our prewnt ayatem to rural rommuni
tea and hit aiigeafl'in with a View to
give these commiinitic a luMer pr.rtlcl
pttion in the lienetitaof the postal aer
vice are worthy your careful conaide ra
tion. It i not' jniit that tht farmer
who receive hi mail at the
neighboring town hould not only be
compelled to aend to Ibo poatnUlc tor
it, but pay a ronaiderable rent tor a box
in which to place it or wait hi time at
a general delivery window while the
citv resident ha hi mail brought to
hi door. It i tated that over 8I,''0
neighborhood are under the preaeni
aystcm receiving mail at poatufllcra
whero money order and poatal noc
are not lamed. The exteneion ot th'
ytem to these comnuui tie i eapecl
ally thmirablc, the patmn of inch
ofllce are not poeed of the other
fiicilitie offered in more populnm com
munitic lor tho traiianiieNion of piiiiiI1
umof money. I have, In a tneasHge
to tho preceding coiigresa, exnrnaed my
view r to a modified nae ol the tele
grnph in couiicctlon with the Htitttn in
viow.
In nunnanre of the rrtail law of March
81, ISM. and after a moat careful study
ut tho whole nbluct, and frequent con
ference, willi Bliip oltlcara, advertiae
ni! ntg were iued by tho pntnianter for
letting llfiy-tliren contract to Urent
Britain ami the continent, and twenty-,
(even to South America, three to China
nnd Japan, four to Australia and I'lie.llic
Islands, seven to fhe Went Indira and
two to Mexico. It wh not, ot ennrte,
exp-'cted that, bids for all tiicae line
ho ild be received, or that service upon
all would be contracted for. It Is In
tended in furtherance of the act to te
nure a mnny new lines a poaaihle,
while including In the lift more or nil of
the foreign iiiien now occupied by Amer
ican ship. It wash iped thntallnetoEn
land, and pi riia'w otio to the Continent
would he accural, but the outlay required to
e-piip such lines wholly with new aliipa of a first
cV.ias, and the difficulty of eaiaMinliinp! new line
in cunipsiltion with those established, deterred
b'ddflr whose intercut had been rnliaierl, Il is
hoped that a wny mny yet lie found of over
coming theic diificultie. The Brazilian Slentn
ship Conipmy, by rennon of miscalculation n
lt ht niietii of ill rtw, w,t aot hlo to Ud
ader th letnu of th ilvrttimi. Tt
policy of the guvemnumt waa to aettim hum tin
Malttiahed line! an iiitroveil nrvint n t Ciin
iHiHXt trf g ving to tliem tit henetiu of tlx law,
Tin ia u uistuicM tut been tltiiiiitit.
Th usuniMlct guittial etuiinatr that it ex
petnliiMi in an Aiiwtic aJupyarti of alssu
tio.ooo.ooo will lw necessary w iiaI) ih
balden lo cunstiuct the hi iaIII Uw by tlw
lervict wlu. h lltey hav aaoinl. 1 do ni
llunk liter ii any rvatoa lor dtattmniKeiiieHl ot
for any turning hack loan th pulicy of the
legislation. Indeed, a gtsat In-ginnittg h:w
beta made, am) as the suhject is tutiliei ram
aideied and antlinstitwl t'y ttttliu and ahii
iang peoplt new Intra iU It reidv to inevl
lutum 'niils, and may tlait float
th paasuge ut litis law llw luviv tl of ,Vti.teot
alti'tittg htirifi and Hi mot try of a fiit
slune t the rallying liiule ul lite woild, Wr
wet revytviitg lor ftwevgn i! ticsttly fj.
000,000 tler llu old ayatem, imil the mil lay
fca octua mail tervke tlitt n ext'twl Vk),ooh
per ainiiiui, Il la romiii'l hy the istsim isici.
gcnei il Ihttl if all th etiitii t. ia ptoawd atr
euenplettfd It will require fj.?,t.it It thin yaw
in mUutiul to tlw ijni( iwll.nl ft ar ami
inlitnd pnatiiKc, already in lit rsii.in.Oi-t, ami
lh.it Ah lite nest Hx.il year, yn.l.ug June Jo.
tM. liter wuuM ptultalily need liul
joo.ixaj.
ThtNaef lirlmB.
Th rwirl ut lit tentiaiy of tit navy
shuts a ginlilyii'g lnewiM of new naval vesaeU
in rttnnmsist, I It Newark, Concord, lien
mngiuu aitit MuithtntMiiidi havt been wldeil
.lining ih year wtih an aiKirgilol tonnage ol
stanciliing nuire than lt.is.to tuna, Twtnty
fiair tsatsiu tf alt cltuaw art now uader eon
utuctmn in lit envy ytml nd privait slus.,
but whde i lie atiik Ui m thetn ia gong ffnl
tUkttttaily, I lie ruiiiktin of ill tnofeiin
portanl wilt yet rcqtiii alsml yem't
toil. StKtw tit vesaela nw arnler ctttrue.
turn, It M ttelieeit, will lw lttuiii'lu of naval
etigousi-ring, When II k reistllecttil that the
mW uf Iw'M.itg iiMslein easy waa oaly
initiated in tlw year S j, that our aaval ma
stun us and slap baiMett wet practically
taiihout iviunc hi the enmstrurtiuo of Urgi
tion or steel siti, llm our ug'n alsn n
v;n(,inliAr atlh gtnil maun enginea, ami thai
dw manufacture uf meet kxgings ttrgunaand
dales ainsni wholly kxv gti iatlusiry, lha
poajisat lltal lias ts-ett mail la rw only highly
stnl..ci.ny, tan futmshe lit aisnitama thai th
Cniie,! Stsies will, Iwdma katg, in th conMrue
tk uf sik h veswl) wilh Itatw eugine ami aim
menls at'anitti saute pitf-enunenc wturb it
c aimnl when llw brat tnilruinrnt of wran
comment tsa th clt.f ittip and the
tttusl Mtt'tesi esltilitt of nl power tlw old
w.lru ih-rc ilnlcf iuahi( war, 1'h tJlkws
uf llw nvy and tlw proprietor nd wtgiiwen
of our Rival erivale slktjw Imv rrs)"iile.l
wilh won.lnfiil inittlltgtMHt nd pmlnainnal
tul to tlw otnlt-lrm rsiivsscl by cortm ui
Us iilwnt trgli)iiiifl. We Itave now at Wash
,ng i.n g.utslsigt ixc.jnu.nl and osi.lutiril Ity
n.i j onsets Out in ill sysirm, eotnuniy and
protlutl unrsftilled. rlsiwrtiiteitu with
amsw plates tuv turn eomltated tlaritig the
uh um uiiii.tnt rrsulis. It ia now
Mwrcd dial l plaio of higher restsitng pnaer
llutn any one in ww lias len found, and tlut
lite tests ha lcn ttciwatsiiatetl llul tlienjiet
itustusls of mtanfactaf tttan tiaaw herrhtkut
ihtKtglM neewtry ran It uted. I eummrad to
your, (nvtstiltle eiiMuJeralion th mtmiuumila
itun of the trvwaty, wt htut, I m ante, giva
h them the uut eoimwntani Hutly. Tltet
vltoutd tw mi tw-siuiatn ia promptly compieting
a nty of tit beat moilem mw, ln rnouga
to enAltle litis country to display ill tttg in all
MM t.t the ptutet tam ot its ctli'tns and of ill
emending naumerca. Hi world rteeita no
tnmm'e tg the K-mcfiil pttrpotw of Ut Untied
State, but w alwll piuhably ia lit faltir
awrt Utjety cretolattt lo th commerce of llw
wmttl, and it is rawnlial to lite dignity ,sf llm
nalitai and to tiul ptvtrful inihtctice aliK-lt it
should evfinw on (hi hemisphere llm its
navy shttuld 1st adequate lih Usw tlwt shorn
of th Albnik and lite Patine,
Vrltuv Atalnsl t hsillr.
The wotk tlnne by th aitotney -general and
Ih olticen of his depfltttnetu, even ttnilitr lite
present ioadeqaat, Itgiiiiiun, ha poslta-e l
some nastlile resutis in the inietest of It and
order, Th atluraey gen.! and ! the cum
aitssiiincr of Ihe I nsiiictof l iilunihui f ill at
lrni;..n lu lite iltfirnvenesa ami in.lnqii.vy ,g
lite law relnitig to crim agunst itie.it.
ing in the Disiiui of C'ulu.nhia, A at int;fiit
3k Umn tins stihjft-t tits tcn provnlcl by
Mtgreis fsMr L'utli, and it is mittef of siirjuise
tltiii Ihe nccls nft'tis dtstriU altoaid have
been king uvnluulted,
A Tttwa Cltiverniiient rtir Alna.
I reriHnntend itttl pru visum le mvle fir the
oiganuatiifl of simtle tnn of town govern
ment in Alaska, Midi stwer to rrgule audi
nultera na are iiniisiii!ly in the Mf.tme un.lei
mnnicltal contiol. Te local org-inlmliont will
give better pnncrtion in such matieta lltnn lite
present skclcnm tentorial organiiatiua, l'm;Kf
re-tiktlons aa to Ihe wwer to levy lanes aril lo
create debts s!:o ild lie imiiosed,
tlghlt uf t'rlintnata.
I concur in lite raoaiimrntlatkm of lite t
ttwney geneml tlitt the r!,;ht in (rlmi fuses lo a
review by lite supreme cnirt lie lintileil, It
wmild acein that terital lilieiiy would have
ictfe guarantee of tlw rij;lit of review in cane
invnlvtng mil)' fine and iiiipiisinnicnl, if Inn.
ilctl to the citctiit cititit of appeal unless a con
stitutional qticsikm aliuuld in any way lw in
volved, Th tntrlnr letrtmenl.
Hie resit of the serretaiy of the interka
shows th.it vety gratifying pmgicsa ha been
mule in all of Ihe iHtrentis tshicli mike lift that
eoni ilea and difficult tlciitment. The work
in the htimtti of Indian nihil was, pciliaps,
never so ktrge as now, by reason of the numemui
negotiation which IiiivcUtii pniceeiling wilh lite
tiiltes for reilurtion of the rvscrvaluuia, with
the incident lulr of nuking allotments, and
w.--s never more carefully conducted, 'fhe pro
vision of adequate school facilities for Indian
chililrcn, and the loin ling of adult In. limn
upon funis, involve the solution of the "Indian
question." Kvcryllitng else rations, anniulic,
and liilnil negiaiaiions wilh the agents, inspec
lora ami ojumilssioneia, who ilwliilitite and
conduct them must pnas awny when the In
(linn It t Itecitme a citizen, secured in the Mi
viilunl ownership of a fnrm, from which he de
rive Itis sultsislt-nce by hi own lalstr, protected
by nnd tiilsiidiiuita to the law which govern
the white mnn, and provided Ity the general
government, or hy the load communities In
which he lives, wllli the nienna of educating hi
children. When an Indian become a citiun
of an oignnueil slate or leiiitnry his relation to
the general government certae in a great meni
ure to lie tltitt of a wftrtlj hut the general gov
ernment ought not at once to put ujton Ih
slate or territory the burden of the education of
Ilia children.
It has been my thought that the government
school nriil tcliool building upon the reaerva.
lions would be absorbed by tlmachool system of
the alttle and territory, hut it lina been found
necessity to protect the Indlnn ngitlnst the com
pulsory alicnnlion of hi Inml by exempting It
horn taxation for a period of twenty-live year
it would seem to lie right that the general gov
eminent, a their tribal fund are in Its posse
slon, should pny to the school fund of the state
wlntt would be equivalent to the local school lax
upon the properly of the Indian, It will be
noiiced from the report of the commissioner of
Indian atfoir that already some contract hav
kx.en nnde with distdct acliools forth education
A Intlwi) ptuluaort, ; Tr fptv, advantage, I
think, in brhtging lb Imllan children inn
nilsed schools, i'Tii piucea will he gradual,
antt In th iiiciil t ne lint present licatiani
Cvislftn and aitangenicnta, Ih Wstill of tit
I tstwrirmw of llt-s wlta itavt been rhaigxd
with thi work, should lit continued, Thi will
nald tlma religious htalte thai hav under
taken th woii of Indian tducatkm with so
much hwI and with result so real r, oning and
benchcenl, to place their Instlluiktn In new
and useful rataiioni in lit Indian and hi whit
neighbor.
'i h oullawsk among lb fituus, which oc
culted In iH-cemhcr Issi, as lo II cause and in
cklcnm wtrt fully miwttd npuo la Ihe war d
parlinrnt, Mid Ihe depart meiit of tlw Mileitor,
IImI tltes Indian had anm just eoinplnml,
c( n-ially in lite matter of ill redttrilon of the
appropriaikm fat ratkau, and in tit delay at
tetnluig tlw enactment of laws lu nabl ihe de
nartinent lo peiftam the engagemeiita entered
Into with Ihem, t probably trutq hut Ih Hants
lithe are naturally warlike and lurlmleui, end
their warritu wet netted try their rutilfcie"
nurn and rluefc, who (irmclied the wmttng of
an Indian Mittwiitti, wIki was to give them .vw
to dosltoy their enemies, In view of th alarm
that prevailed among lite whit twlilei netu llw
reset vatkau, ar fatal eonatspienos thai would
have restilteti fnan an Indian inclusion,. I plactst
si lit disposal of (iHirittl Mile, iHiHitniling
the tlivimiB, all aimi tiul wet thought by him
to h nspiiietl. He at enlilleil lo tlw credit uf
having protected lit setllen and of bringing the
host tics inlo tuhjccikm with the least puasibl
loa of life.
Tlw tppnmriatlfW of t),W,V t th
Clsxiiaw and I hkkatwvts, ouilained in lite
gtHieral Indian appropriation bill of MAtch J,
iM, ha at twn espended, ftar th tasuasi
llutt I have not yet apptovnl release, lo the
guvetnment of tlw Indian claim to Ihe land.
I his nwiier will tw nude lite subject of
special metswg placing l(ot congress alt llw
tact tshith have (sane to my knttwlolg.
Tht relations of tlw five rlvilucst lril boo
orotpying tlw Indian teoitoiy id th Unlii
Stairs, I belie, ait liest ettlrutaled to pro
mote lit highest advancement of tlmat Indians)
that llwt alaatld lw wiiltin out harder live In
tepentlenl stales having no relations escvj
tlmw gtuwing out of llw treallea wilh lite gov
ernment of in United State. No rrptesritla
tkat ia tht nation's IrgtiUutre of il people or
rlturtt at Martling atuanaly. It arruu to tie
ineviitbl tluu (here shall tw want iMg.tnic
change in Dasw iple in tlw iuieikar CAte.
What furm these tiMngt-s altuuiit twrt do But
think adviiwlile to suggest, ven if liter were
defined ia my own inind. They should In
volve th ncccpianr of liiitensliip ly llw rep
resentation in tsaigtvaa. Tlww Indians slwukl
hav an optuiiity lo present I Ik" tluitta
and gtievaiHc tist itw ft, sir, railter than aa
ihry do now hi th loMiy, If rantniutskai
einiltl lw apnnir l In vtsil Ihra IiiIct lo ost
ler wilh tltetn U- tlw Ule subjert, even if
no agteeinent wet presrnily reached, Ih tnrl
ing of tlw liilie Um tin quetiaai would I
tlevekawd, and distuswai isuuld pr)r Hit
way fur th change wlta'h Inml Cuttw sooner
Of later,
The g-t wuik of nstui ing ih larger IndUn
trsrrvsimtn by alkitment tn tatvesnliy lo tlw
tn.lnns, and th cession of the remaining lands
lo llw United Males ks- dtMilon unoier tht
htuneslead law, ha been ptovcutcd tliiiing lit
year with rneigy and stictess. In .Scpieniixrt
al I waa snal led to oin lo scIIh-okI tn llw
letntoiy of Uklahoma ooo.oon ansa tat land, all
ol wlikh was taken uti hy sritlee in a stngtt
day. Th rush for tlwse lamia was aecomi
nirii try great deal of est ttcment, but w ta tree
from imidrnts ol violent. Il was wain: uf
grant regutt Itut 1 w;t not ble lo t,en at the
tame tun Ihe surplus land of lit Cheyvnn
nd Amfkalai letnvatssts, tinounlmg lo about
J.ooo.ooo acres, Ity nt tat tlw llisttllMriicy
of apsroptfcilkn of making th alkitment. De
wrvmg nd impatient seitler are walling looo
ttpy these lands, and I recommend thai Sjiedal
tciK-ienty pprtiriiilitin 1st poattttly matte of
the amount nrctlrvt, ao that tlw allot ment may
lw complete I and the suqilua lantb ojwned ia
nine to i-ouiil lit aetlleii to get ujstn their
(asnealead ft early ftlling. .
Karly m Ihe atlntinisiratkm aiwt-iid efftal
was liqjttn to hiing un tit v.ik of the gen
er.il land ofltc hy faillifiil wiak. The ar
rearages hav been npklly retlucetl. At 111
end of lite but luteal year mtly 84,17 ,m'
igiictilturst entiles n-tnaiiietl umliisei! vt, and
lite ctuumss-'imer rersata thai with lit ptesent
force the wotk ran lw fully bniughl up by th
iitil of Ihe nest fiscal, jvar, Vour altentkm it
tilted lo llw tblhcitlly experienced try tit aeo
tvtaty of the inicriir lo lite administialkm of
lite law 0 Match J, H.,i, estahllslting court
,jf private land clnma, 'l ite small holdings in
ended to be protected by the law are esti
mated 10 lw more ihan 1 5,000 in numiwr. Th
claimants are almost all of t deserving class,
snd their tide are inputted try the strongest
eqititie. The strongest dtlltculty grow out of
land which have largely law urve)el arcunl
ing lo our methods, while tl holding, many
nl tshich liave Urn In the earn family lor
gencratiist, are laid out in narrow utrlpat a lew
itfls wide Um a'stientn, and running lank to
the hill for pasture and titnlier. provision
-tltotiid lw nude for niinileiiug these tracts as
lots and f.w paletning them hv stall numbers,
anil witlwut rcfcictcc 10 section lines.
The administration of tlw pemkm bureau
hi twen chatoclciined during Ih year by great
diligence. 'I he total numlier of pensioner uton
the nll ihe 30th tiny of une, 1N01, wo (176,.
100, Thet act alloartl tltirtng Ihe fiscal
year ended at that lime 150,525 case. Of litis
numlier 101,3X7 were allowed under the law of
Itme 27, Ifi'io, The issuing of certificate has
lieen proceeding at the mt of nliout 30,000 tet
month, nlsmt 75 per cent of these be ng cnh
under the new ww. The romiiiiss.oner
nivssM the opinion that he will lw able to care
fully adjudicate antt allow 35,000 claims timing
the present fiscal year, The appropriation for
the payment of pension for the fiscal year
1800-91 wasiJ7,6S5,793 89, and lb amount
expended to, 530,640' io, leaving an line.
pcmtctl atirplusol 1,155,144 64.
The commissioner is qtiile confttlcnt that
there will lw call thi year for a deficiency
appniprintion, iioiwiiltstttnding the rapidity
wilh which the work is lieing pushed. The
mistake which litis heen tirade ity many in their
estimate of the cost of prnsinns is in not tak
ing account of the diminished value of first pay
ment, under recent legislnlion. These pay
ment, under the Inwtt, Imve Iwen for many
very large, a the pension, when allowed,
dale from the lime of the filing of the claim,
and most of these have bt-cn pending for year.
The first pnymotils, under the Ittw of June,
1S00, nro relatively small, and as the per cent
of tliutte cases diminishes, the annual aggregate
of Unit payment i largely reduced.
The commissioner, under date of November
131I1. furnishes me with the Hitlemenl that dur
ing (lie Inst four months 113,170 cct initiates
were Issued, 27,803 under Ihe general law nnd
Sts.JSa under the net of June 27, 1S90, The
average lirst payment (luting the four months
was 131 85, while the average first payment
upon enscs allowed during Ihe year ended June
30, 1 89 1, was. 8139 33, being reduction in
the average fust payment during these four
month of 107 48, The cstiinnle for pension
expenditure for the fiscal year ending June 30,
1892, is $144,958,000, which, by a careful ex
aminiillon of the subject, the commissioner i of
the opinion will he sufficient, While these dis
bursement to the disabled soldieis of th laic
civil war are large, they do not realU the (
aggentotl tinuiie of trni who oppose thij
iwitwVciit IcRisUium, Tl sfcwiary ot lite
with areai
a taken In exclude fraudulent claim, and alc
ih gmttlving fart thtl llw petson to winnj
'bum wnsuin art g-aag ar men tsj imtilret
iji sl.gltl, latt auhataniut war settrti.
lit repotl of ttie comtn.saHHWt of railroad
thowi that (It total debt uf tlw ml dircd rail
loads ut llw United State waa, Dctemlter i
IS90, Il II,$I1.0I3 06. A Urge part of tit dels
kt now list ap rottt.liing matucly, with no ade
quate pruvision for It jtaynamt, (fcuias puiict
It 1tc.1l ng with Ihkt del with view 10 ii
ultimate uilletikm should al one tw hiteit,
Il il very tttftwult, well nigh imposatbk), Us ae
knge a Isidy as ttaigie to ctniiliiil th nccr
aaty ntguti.iiian and invefttg, turns. I there
due rettsmtirnil thut proiKuotis lw made fo
the tipsiiiitiiu-ii uf a cnttiiitissM) lu agre
uin anil rvpwt a plan for tleiiliiig with thu
tlela, . '
Aarlewliural )Mrtinuta.
tf tht esiublishnwnl of lb deparnnenl of sg
liiiilniit was ieaill by any tat a mete
i oiiifflssutii lo the uneu lightened tleinantl uf a
auiiiiy 1 law of tht jple, ihsl iminesi--n hat
town mm eflectttally wmoved try In great re
sin shandy atlainol. In hifltitnc baa beet
vety great in ihssemiRtiing agrkulturat and
i.oitB'itltitiiil Ittloiitiiitiui, in stimulating and di.
tesiteg a further divvisioa of era, in decreas
ing and eradicaiuig disease of disuestk ani
nuils, and, mot than all, llw t!ii iusutes, in
kauutiufl, and in the fiaaul contact which it
iwa evalilauwd and maintain with llw fatmcn
1 d nuck isisets of th hok oaintry. Kvery
e uiM kit uiftamuikat ha had prutntit attea
mi, and every a tgjjesik metiteti eonakler-
n. llw kirnlils: tsa- of th dejiarlnwal il
4 a hajh nnlm, and is pushing it invesiig-i-m
with itiritKKt and enthusiasm, l it ire
i tvtitat try llu tlearttnenl of caul nd ii
rtwluctti, tnientletl fc shipment altitssd, lu
Vvn llu twi uf llw aucces which lias attended
our r!roit ut aecur th remnvai of th restrie
tSats maintained hythe Ewopean gomrnmetu.
Kur Ira yea, petiiiott utv Ua wliert from
1 U pacU-ta and stock rauenof th United
Slates havt twee tlirectetl agsinrt llicse roMric
'ions, which so seriously Untiled oar markttt
ad ruitaitefl lit ptigtts of the farm. It at a
sr U gnieral n mltiUtion that such ha tl
I u lawn ltanl, itw tlw ellect of an enlarged
kitegn matket for three meats will lw felt, not
only hy llw farmer, hot In our pubbc fmancas
mi in eviy laancii of trade.
It 1 tstiticulaily fortunaie thai lb inctreanerl
lemand kir tWI prhk-ts resulting ftont hr
minimi of Ihe leslisi 11011 uji out meat and
1 om lite Kvt esai traikpatTaitgcmente lo wlii h
I hfr npt slsaikl have eiww at a time when Itw
gdCtiltttral airjiliia w so kstge. Wilhoul llw
wlp thus .tetved kwet pricen tmM lav pre
tiuleit. Ttw Kvrwary of agriculture estimate
dial llw restt.rtitms upon ttw niistalk of oui
oik pnslticl into I ut(.w kt maiket k
J0,0uct,cxi(i ot these pioducts annually. Tlw
.tain uop of this year er tlw btgc! in Ot
rtistory, it Uittg JO lef teal, gtealet llwn llul
uf last yeat, nil yet tlw market that his opened
and tl larger ik-naii.t resulting from short
croii in Kutop have istiintd price to such
in esteitt ihat the etKamou mtpliat of meats
ami hmutMutfs wilt tw anikeied l gtaal
I rites, tawging relief and ptwperiiy lo an in
ilustry tlutl waa much de retard. The value
ul llw gtain crop of th Umted Slat w esth
muetl Ity th secretary lo las this year Ijoo,.
mio.ooo more than tasi yeart of nasal i to,,
coo.cvx) nuwe, wul of ail products of llw farm
f 7tx),coo,coo nsire. It i m inaprtjirit,
t tlnnk, tiostever, to auggeat htre that our ail-slacta-n
in llw rontunptttioa ol this marvel
.ms adthoua lo lb naitontl wealth h ittcluilol
y any susacttm of llw currency by wluch it kt
measured, anil 10 wh'ah tlw tanner kt sutt ft
the product of hi ft wrnli.
Tht OtrrrMianiter."
Th method of tjininwnt hy the wales of
cierttat (or president nd vire-piesidcnl has r
cently attracted renewed interests hy reason ol
I tkjairtur Ity tlw Ml c Mi, k g a from ths
meihotit which hal twotan umkaitt in all the
Matt.' I'ihw to 1 83 variuu nwttutti had
twit used by tlw various stales and even by
lit same state. In aunt tlw nolue was made
by die legislator, in other llw elector wen
chosen try district, but more generally Ity tfw
tnae of tlw whole state visa a general ticket.
The movements toward llw adoption uf the last
named method hail aa early lirginmng, a-id
went steadily (award among the Mates until,
in 1 832, there remained tail a single slate,
V.tnlt laruliiui, thai had tu ndoUol it,
that utate, unlit ihe civil war, con
tinued to cIkmw it (leclttr by vote ol
the legislature, but after the war, changed its
mrtlasl and cotiformnl to the practice of the
oilier Males, r'ur netrly sixty years alt the
Males ave one have appointed tlwir eleciot hy
1 rTteular viae itin a general skket, nnd for
nearly thirty yeers this metlwsl was universal.
After a full lesl of oilier method wiihunt any
putptitw of patty atlvantage, as we must liclicve,
put atlely um the considerntkins thai nniform
ity was desirable and that general ciectkm iu
leiritoiial division wa nut subject to change
was mosl runsistenl wilh lit popular character
of our instilutkina best preserved the equality ol
the volet and effectually removed Ih claace ol
presitlent frtan lite Isinefut inliticncea of tlw?
"gerrymander," lit practice ( all ttw Mates
waa laottglit into harmony. That thi concur
rence should now he broken is, I think, an un
(oritiniiie and even a llttcateiiiiig epiatxte, and
one that may well niggeat wlu-thcr the iate
thai Mill give their approval to the old and pre
vailing method ought not lo secure, by tonsil.
Ititkinal amt-nilmcitl, prat lice wltich has hail
tlw approval uf all lite stales.
The Michigan statute provide for choosing
what is iopularly known a the congressional
elector for prettiilcnt by congresskmal tl.atricta,
and the two senatorial electors by district (re
nted for tltnl puriose, Thi legislation waa, of
cmtrse, accompanied by a new congressional
npminimcn(, ami ihe two statutes being the
electoral vote of the Mate, under the inltuence
of the "gerrymander" these gerrymander for
congressional purpose are in most cases but
tressed by a gerrymander of the legislative dis
trict, thus making it inttiossihle for a majority
of the legislative voter of the itnl to correct
the piortionment nnd equalize the con
gressional tlislricts. A minority rule i
estalilislied that only a jwliticnl convulsion
can overthrow, I have recently been advised
thai in one county of a certain state three dis
tricts for the election of member of the legisla
ture are constituted as follows.- One ha 45,
ono population, one 15,000 and one 10,000,
while in another county detached non-contigious
section have been miilcd to make legislator
district. These method have already found
ctlcclivc application to the choice of senator
nntl reprcsentntive in congress, and now an
evil start lias been made in the direction of ap
plying them to the choie hy the state of elec
tor of president and vice-president. If this In
accomplished we shall then have the three great
departments of the government in the grasp of
the gerrymander! the legislative and executive
directly and the judiciary indirectly through the
power of appointment.
An election Implic any body of electors hav.
ing prcscrilied qtmlificalions, each one of which
has an eiptal value and influence in determin
ing the result, So, when the constitution pro
vides that "each state shall appoint" (elect)
in such manner at th legislature thereof m.ty
direct, a numlier of electors, etc., and unre
stricted power waa not given to the legislatures
in the elertion of the methods to b used, A
republicap form of government is guaranteed by
th constitution by each itsie, and ihe power
given by tin) law Initmiutmt to the legtslaiiiiw
01 in tffliay to pmrfrpti mentis
1 ha caok of lb ataweW must h
trttd antkw Ihat hmtl4 i Th casenttal
iraiuret of tuck govetm,, Vrt ttw right ol
rh peopl to chous llwt, ( otTictrt ami ih
ararest prsctkabi t(Uy valu In III
ufltsges given in ihtterim jig CVV. It
will not tw cliitBcd Hut I f ), given lo th
irgtslatur would (uptw! k provMtng Hurt
tlw imson rcetvin lb w jest tut Muuld
la) tlw electoral claac of t Jliot all decUM
should lw chosen by in vi U aingt ton
gieaaiontl dkarkt Tb art W chisaw,
ami under tht pretense u, )Ulirg meilto.lt
ttw fcgislamr caa allbt st tlw rlgftl taf
choic lrwhr nor mkm ijodt not oom
formabl lo reftubUcan inst t
It U not my purptaw k, discus th
tpustioo. whctlwr a olwaitw- J U-gislaturt or
hy in voter in tual sit'gli, I. t, a chucx
by lit state, but only to n a-nd wch rec
KitlkNi of thi matter Ity M ywnal nwnd
nwni aa will tecure uniksatji prevail that
diifracefut partiaan higgler pf, weft a
liheity ofchoitw. if it alri a ten;
Uoa. Nothing just a t imponsat
than lopwwid vrry rJtranfcj, h alwolutey
lair and free choic by an M sutfrg wub
thdr respective Mate of tlia fliicei of the
national government, whet! jkt suflrag k)
ainilwti directly, alia th ikjof mrmljer
of tlw house of ret'tewntalivtfliiuilttetly, u
ia tlw chok of nwmtwr of tttai and Iht
(lector of III president, sr jrt for iliUe
offkwr and obedienc to th , Wlt tarn
lo h tht oharactrruaic of oij,g until our
elections cess to declare th 1 f nujorilie
fairly aaceiistnl witluiut frat ft),prraoa ar .
"geirymamlr.H M I were c upoa 10 de
Clare wherein our chief aalio ynger bet, I
should lay without hesitation, 1 1 uvtthtuw
oflbemajoruy, and ooBtrol l fsupprcsaeio
w perversa of Ih popular ssj
Tlwt tlwr (a a rail Unger HtJmtist agree,
but llw enctgic of thus who m havt bee
chietty esjicnded in trying U 'jit responsi
bility upon th opposit partytiW than ia
effort lo auk such practice i, att last by
either party. It ia not poMibitti to adairn
that inttrtnittaU and inoatu debaie,
whik w take by cuosent one s; the direo
tion of reform by fulminating llj frymander,
which haa been denounced try ai:tic a a
inflaence ia tlw election of elect, if prnadent
and mmilter of oungres. All (kale hav
been acting freely and trpsmtt tVtermined
Ihat the elate of electors by a nil ticket is
ttw w tarsi and safes! rrKtrtnl.tftt would
leem . there could be t ul.am
to a . conMitutional uswiwlsai making
that method pennanrnt, 11 rgislaiure
chosen in on year Uioa purely l .ptcstom
should put a man uf iu dsafe aa grnetal
ticket (ml provide for tlw claace t elect tas
by tlw Irgislatute, and tins tntfiAild tit-
Utttttine llw remit, n eac mtgt endan
gered. 1 liave alluded to the g uidcr aa
affecting the mrtltod taf se'cc uAior at
tht tuotdent by cuagressxau) titstal lait the
tinirury intent and etlect of thus.
ut.ci naawty stouiu nave rcut 1
kcuta of member 1 In nouse
live, llw lwer of congress at
with this threatening ml iatolol
Tlw unfailing teal ol msincenly it
form will 1 found m willingnea ,
to remedies, nd to put in force u
aa will most effectively prcacrv Ihel
iwoi'l to f.c and etiual represcnlai j
An attempt was matle in UwWn
Itr tig to bear th roruiiluiiunal )
getuital govemtttent for tlw cortcclsw
;to
1 of llw
i fraud
atrunal llw autiragt. It is nuiortal
1 know
art wt Iter Ibe-otituiilioa to such tiurc
teally vested in lb particular fealuiJ;,sl
lo tw olHectionatiie or Ittclmte any (tosimia
ta go to the electiu taw of lb I'll
ade lUitcy to the correction of I
acknowlolged evil. I must yet cnaj
Vaw Ihtt it at Do)!" to stem
nalrkak consitleratioa of such
ar staiutiav cruutt aa nut ll
wry to tecure the chok I the
afu-ert of the government lo I
pie by fair apportionment and frelitin,
I lelieve it wouhl be pcaaslik to ftttul
a commiMiion, non-partBan ia ijoem
liersiiip and composed of patriotic, ay and
mpartini men, 10 wlrnm a consklcjln of
he question of Ihe evil connected It our
ein iaai tnntem nd methods might Icom
ti.ticil with goott fwoipect of srcuiiiiguim- ,
ly in sriiitc plan for relieving or willing
i!u-c evils, Th eonMituikm wouhlmui
lie st-lectkm to tw trotted in the suprrlwirt
,f that inrtlnxl wtad.l give th lint gintee
if impartiality, Thi coram twiion thi be
durged wilh lh duty ul itHuuing mlo Isub
xl of elections as relating lo choice otjctr
rf lite national government, with a vielf ae
siting to cveiy elector free and unmotrl ex-rci-e
of the suHiiige and as near an arLtch
!,) an it) tahty of value in each ballot ca ia
atlninaWe. ' I '
While tlw politics ot the general go vc lent
iin ttie larin, Utin Ihe res! oration uf 01 ter
chant m trine, U on the river and harl un--auvjtn
mis and mher such matten of era tnd
.enroll concsin, are hahle lo lw turned Ii ray
a thai by the result of congresskmal el m
tnd adminisintlion, policies sometime t dxr
111 issue tend to pear or war, to I ted
this way or thai by ihe resulta of a pretu, ;ul
ticction, there is rightful interest in all the tea
and every cotigrestuoitnl district that will 1 lw
deceived or silenced try llw audacious pre w
1 hat a iptestion of right of any hotly of ;ol
votet in any Mate or tn any congrcsskm.' is
t.rd lo give their u!fmge freely uiwn :w .
general nueslions is matter only of local .n
cent or control. Tlw demand that Ihe Itla
lams of sufintge shall lw found in the law.ftd
imly there, ia a just demand, and a just tin
should not resent or resist it. I
My nptwo! is and must continue to be. It
omsultttHin tliat ahnll "piticeetl with catlr,
cnlnmes and aiicnce ufon the line of Jul
and humanity,, not by prejudice ami cruel"
The censideratkm of these grave queslionii- .
vile not only the ntlenikw of congress, lit jit
of all cituten. We must not entertain lln
litsion that our people have censed lo reguta
free billot and etpui reireeiitnlion a the ie
of their allegiance to laws and to civil m fi
liates. I have been greatly rejoiced to rote
tinny evidences of the increased ttnificaliolil
out people and of a revised national spt).
The vista that now opens to us is wider wl
more glorious than ever Itelot. Gralilicaft
ami amaiement struggle for supremacy nse
contemplate the population, wealth and ml
strength of our country, A trust, mont
totts m its influence iiion our people nnd tii
lite world, for a brief time, is committed 10 a,
ami we must not lie faithless to its conditioaK
llio defense of the free nnd ihe etpt.tl inHurjc
ol Ihe people in the choice of public olh.la
and 111 the control of public nllairs. , j
Tlie succcps of the effort to utilise tie
an: or power in HwiUerlnnd ha tor ml
tittntion to the great wnterfall ot Stay
tn, and several project have been tit
.'iiased for tupplviug anine of the larpa
lowna with electricity. 5
In the hot region of Africa more thin
'i,i iHI laboror are engaged in bttihllng tie
Congo railroad, ami in the cold region
of Siberia many thousands of Kuaslaw
re employed iii the construction of tie
I'ranasibefian railroad, t
The Kxly of GambetU ia In Nice. Ha
brain ia in th muse tun ot the Pari Ai
throimtoglcal Hociety. HI heart -hw
just Wen deposited beneath th monl
ment reiiti to hi memory at Vila
" 7
I of p
'-
iorwntA-
ft lo tl.nl
I lnte.
tkm re-
I infer a
ieasurea
of lit
Vale
b and
tin tlw
1 calm.
cmitkjnal
nccea.
f