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WEST SIDE SUPPLEMENT.
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INDEPENDENCE, MARCH 21, 1800.
THE WEST SIDE.
R a PKSTLANI), rablkiber.
IMepeadeaee, relh County, Oregon.
fOS' iriSTITIITE.
AN INTERESTING SESSION
VALUABLE DISCUSSIONS--A
FULL PROORAMA YN
OPSIIOr ALLTHI MP
IRS AND SPEECHES.
AtMreca of Welcome by Prof 0. T,
Stanley, ef Orogen State Normal
School Msn-nsuth-Js.opese fey
Prot. . L. AraeleV Starts Agricul
tural CsHeoe. af CerellleWerk
f the State Hertleultwral BeerS
by R. . Wallace, af Salem.." Hew
we mlaa M" roes by Han. C. T.
Notch, ef McCoy -"Future Peeel
btlitlee af the American Farmer
From tha Preeeat Stont)aent," by
Men. J. H. Hawley, af Bethel"
"Tlla Drolnea a," by Oaa. Reaere,
near Independence- Poultry Rale
Ine by Pref. Berehteltl, af Uta
Agrioultural College "Mlaed
Farmina" by Han. F. S. Powell, ef
Monmouth-" Boa Culture" by Praf.
W. W. Brlotow, af Stato Agricul
tural College-" Wore, af Oregon
Horticulturists" by O. P. S. Plum
mar, af Portlan)-"Oer Bojrt ana
Glrla vi. Stood" Praf. W. N. Hull,
af Stata Agricultural Colteoe-"Silo
and Cnsllsge" by H. T. finch, of
Corvelll,
OI'KSINOKMWlON MAJU-ll l.Tll.
On Thursday evening the inspiring
strain of the Independence brow band
relied the people together at mi early
hiHir at the oM-ru lioune In lata city tu
attend the 0cnlng mwIoii of the Far
mers' Institute, which In carried ou un
der the auspice of the Stale Agri
cultural College at CorvallU. The
audience wa large, orderly ami atten
tive. Kx-Mii,vor Oootlman wtu chosen
chairman and Prof. K licrchtold, of
Corvallls, secretary.
amhhm or wf.uhmk.
Prof. I). T. Stauley. president of the
Oregon State Nonual school, was intro
duced and mild: No more pleasant
taak could be assigned to him than to
welcome the farmers of thla VieluHy to
a pertleiptlon In tha benefit of thla
Inatttute; had been a farmer himself;
read agricultural paper. That the
aohitlon of tho problem of capital and
labor uaeda to ba studied by the farmer,
and that through' tha farmer's ef.t
And action a solution of the problem
will ba gained. That wa hare already
mad considerable progress In the
atteaipt to aolre It The moat Impor
tant part of our wealth eotuee from tha
aoil therefore eoadlUona of society
grratly depend upon the success of the
Annan. He advocated organisation
BMoog tha farmers, aa a matter of
great importance. That In concluding
ha would again attend hearty wel
eoeno to the farmers.
; muvom
Praf. B. U Arnold, pratident of the
State Agrkultunl College, In behalf of
tha collate thanked tha gentleman
wha were contributing to make thisislilpmenU of fruit. That tha board of
InetlUite s tuoceea. That their' YUoe
wa becoming better known each year,
That a geW many qtksatlons of poUtloal
eoooomy, which involve farmer Inter'
eats, were to be sol ved. One of the best
book for tha fanner to read just now
was Dr. Franklin's "Poor lticbards
Almanac." Explained tha purpose of
these institutes and that the fanners
should make their wants known to tha
officer of the State Agricultural Col-
leg. That In tha Institutes tha ex
perience of all is given and theory Is
combined with practice. Bhows that
it is Important that the farmer
should be educated as well as the law
yer or the teacher.' That the state pays
for the instruction of' the teacher, be
cause tli state wants the community
better served. That the farmer, If
better educated, will be of mure benefit
to the state. That this Is the reason
wby the state educates classes of indi
vidual. , That If the farmer were edu
cated to i point where the production
suuld UHoubled thstprlcee would fall
and while thli dura not seem to benefit
tha farmer It does benefit tha whole
country, Thli la tha reason why tha
tate educates tha farmer. Compares
tha savage Indian to tha civilised man.
That education improved tha iltlll, tha
weapon, and tha Incentive to luduatry
of tha Individual. Another reaaon la
given why tha farmer should ba edu
cated. The population of tha world
Increaara fatter than tha product of tha
land. In HMO the United States had
5,0x10,000,000 people and now hai fifty
five nillllout of people, lty another
century tha country will have an cnor-
moua population. That tha population
of England la tha reaaon why tha rente
are so high. That tha pressure of
population la going to ba one of tha
tuet Important baa of solution In these
United ritatee. That thla problem will
ba one which; will strain our govern'
ment to solve. Tells of the different
of population between tha Kaat and
West and of Kurope aud Atuerit.
That education should Iw given the
farmer that the Immense number of
people may be red from the products of
tha stdl. That this evil la to be con
sidered now whlla there Is a remedy.
That the farmer Is better able than any
one else to stand against war, famine
and pestilence, and that wheu the for
mer suffers all classes suffer.
Hong by Miss Lottie Hedges, of In
dependence, Mrs. F. A. Duuty ac
companist. "When the leaves lie-
turn Again." Very ulcely rendered.
The audience whs then favored with
anatldreas by Hon. It S. Wallace, of
Salem, on the
STATR BOAKD OK HOHTUTLTl'RK A.M
ITS Vi'OKK.
He nid;
It rcmindiHl
hllll of a Clr-'
cuuwtniice. Had a by 8 years of
Wtu tllxcuHSlng with the board codllit
mollis, green splits, etc., and hi little
by aidted blin atmt tmrtli'ulturnl wit.
Wlifti arted lutt he thought It ww
ho mid he thotiglit it was a but;. That
horticulture trvttt of trtsit, uml Just
now bugs lnftt them. Hpoke of the
InttTxnts which hullr shtuild btke III
horticulture. Tlmt the lxt tlrttxi fruit
from Uallfortila is pot up by a My.
Spoke of the prevalence of the hog pens
and chicken yards iu such ptlttoue
that the farmer's boy does not think
farming very attractive, Hpoke of the
farmer having specialties lu sgrlculture,
That the farmer cannot engage In all
kind of farming ocoupatlousaud make
a success. That If the farmer who Is
interested In horticulture tries to en
gage In a doeen other breaches he will
not succeed. Says that he has been
told that good fruit wss once raised In
Oregon, but the story Is one of past
days. Hpoke of the vast reaourcea of
Oregon. That the resident here
rarely realised the situation. Spoke
of Dr. Irvine, of Albany, telling him
In Cbloago that tomatoes could not be
raised In Oregon, and that a man nam
ed Hubble mad a great deal of money
out of cherries In early days. Now
cherries and tomatoes are almost staple
crops to Oregon. That the orchards of
Oregon have no careful intelligent cul
ture. Tbe roadsides show the remains
of departed glory in the muss covered
trees. That California roattil 12,000,
000 profit Into tffe'state last year from Its
boru culture wsa organuea to enoour-
age and sssist in the business of fruit
raising, but that while a great many
meetings bad been held the result has
not been ss encouraging as they wished.
Hpoke of the remedy for the eodlln
month. That the arsenic poisons are
the antidote. That the slug and aphis
can be remedied. That the hope 1 that
the future of Oregon may show an In
tercet taken In horticulture, and that
we may see the orchards well taken
care of and bearing their fruit bringing
a golden harvest, and materially aid
Inm In tha nmenerltv of OrMPon.
Bong by Mist Minnie Webber, of l4
dependence, acoompained by Miss
Lilian Cooper, "When the Violet
Bloom Again," which was a very
pleasing effort.
DISCUSSION.
Mr. Paulson, of Washington county,
asked Mr. Wallace what the ooet was
connected with the remedy for a eodlln
moth and weather It was an entire sue
eeasf
Mr. Wallace said that one pound of
parts green aud on hundred and fifty
gallons of water Is sufficient,' which
with an ordinary spray pump wilt last
all day. The parts green enste only
about 90 cent so that the labor la ol
much greater value than the materials.
That London purpls Is not ss good as
parts green. That the cost depends up
on the proiier use of Uie spray-
"Do you Hud this an Infallible
remedy?"
Said that after using tills remedy he
had found It work very successfully.
Mr. Paulson asked at what season
the spraying should first commence?
That Just ss the bloom falls Is the
beet time to apply and every two weeks
thereafter.
Dues the moss on the fruit tree do
auy harm?
Yea It doc That moss Is a fungus
and Uvea on thejulctss of the tree.
How can ittos be killed?
Jiy using a solution of lime and salt.
That It kills the iuimm and also kills
other fungus. That ths muss Is killed
and fall off the tree. Spoke of the
spreading of the ctallln moth. That It
flies eutlrely at night.
Address by Hon. K. T. Hatch, of M
Cvy.
WHRMKWIMIHNIT.
He said. That It I easier to tell how
you have missmi it rattier tiisu now
you hit It. That w have bceu raising !
wheat aud yet wheat as a crop pays
very little profit. That lu the next ten
year we will coiummo all our own
wheat at home, hut shall we wait for
that time. That the fur seeing farmer
years ago set out orvlmnls wiilcli are
witting mm preni. i u tui-
.. , it.. . ..I... u-.it , n.t.... .....ii
ntHiing or cattle was once uot a sutvt,
but now It has bmm proven proftuilile.
That the silo has been rutHvsMfiit, That
mixing good grades of stock can tie
matte to iwy; favors furmlng of specuil-
ties. rike of (he profits of gtmlmilng
for profit. That wlmt the Oregon far
nier wants I larirer town that we may
have a closer aud better home market, :
and we cau ell afford protect it That
farniiug lu the Kast hit become of such
magnitude that the highest business
ttleiit is required to conduct the bus!'
neea. Hpoke of agricultural papers and
couriered them.
Audience wa then dismissed.
MORNINU SKMMION MA HO! 14
Institute called to order by A. J.
tfoudman, the chairman, at 10 o'clock
a. m.
Ilea J. H. Hawley, of McCoy, read
a paper on the ''Future Push bill ties of
the American Farmer" from a stand
point of present surroundings. W are
met with the question b said "What
can w do to ameliorate the condition
of toe American farmer?" That farm
ing la the most Important branch of
business and one In which ail may en
gage who wish. That from the farm
have sprung some of our brightest
minds and grandest statesman. ,
what are the quail SoaUoos of the sue
eeesful fanner. That edcuatioo la
necessary iq all other bra nebs, bat
when men 'fail there, they think they
can farm, wholly without Inetructioo.
That this is ths cause of many failures
in farming, That nntll recent years
our government baa never given a
lepreeenlatlve to the agricnltoral class
in the cabinet of the nation; that the
government nor the people have never
shown a proper appreciation of the lm
portance of this work. That the
necessity of education for the farmer is
becoming more apparent every day.
Speaks of the wheat markets and the
steady decrease in price. That the
limited market and the large supply
is the cause and from this we should
seek a remedy. That making our
nation the kitchen garden of Europe
would suit statesman there, but we
Americans see that to make of our
country an agrteutural country means
ultimate bankruptcy. That the diver
sified manufacturing Industries are
getting in suoh A condition that not
only la our home market supplied but
we have facilities for competing in
foreign markets. Speaks of the home
market for the producer, and that pro
tection of this markst Is to the benefit
of the farmer. That revision and
changes should be made In our pro-
tectlou laws, hut ths principle la In
Itself correct. That the Fanners Al
liance and the Knights of Ibor are
discussing these political questions.
That the farmer Is beginning tu
that In union there I strength, and
that united demands for Justice) will ks
listened to and wrongs remedied. Does
not think that Mr. llellamys theory of
doing away with Individual responsi
bility will ever be realised. That a great
deal of the present unrest atnoeg the
agricultural classes Is a mistrust of each
other. That a change Air the better Is
about to be Inaugerated,
Diat't'asioit.
Mr. Carter, of Wells, asked what
chaug he would recommend to have a
rotation of crop. That he wants to
know of a change which he may adopt
now.
Mr. Hawley said that new conditions
evolve slowly. That we ran uot ctiauge
In a moment. That the wheat farmer
canuot drop wheat aud take up fruit
culture iu a single season. That we
know that we are mining a surplus of
wheal and depcudlng upon the foreign
market for the price, aud we do not
know that wheat will remain at sixty
cents; It nisy decline to fifty cents a
bushel, and we must preitare for that
period. Tlmt we have considered
Western Orcgou a alum! country and
Ksstern Oregon a stock country, but
the coudllloiis are changing. That
Western Oregon is becoming a stock
country and Eastern Oregon the when!
country. That our land Is Uvoiulng
too valuable for wheat. That we must
turn our lauds Into ths production of
lock.
Mr. Carlor wits not sntUllml a Ith the
answer. Said he wauled something
tangible for the present, right now,
Tlmt some of his neighbors sull-fed
some cattle, and after getting them In
condition could not sell tliem at a
profit. Some say, let the farmers get
some Jersey cows and start ervwi iter Im
(That there had been several creameries
i started In Oregon. California butter
still comes In, ami the cnttiiM'rie srti
shut down. Some my raliw hogs,
Plant corn aud raise hogs, but lisveu't
we tried bogs and lo it money. Spoke
of raising small fruit. That he bad
tried small fruit and could uot sell It,
The Utile producers on the outskirts of
the towns supph the market aud the
fanner la left.
Wm. Jones, of Independence, said
Diet he found mixed farming to pay.
That he had decided tills year to raise
some flat which he has contracted lo
supply to a Portland oil mill at 1 1. SO a
bushel cleaned. That he can raise
bushels to the acre. That h has raised
500 bushel of potatoes to the acre
and even at SS cents a bushel there Is
money In It That at ft a bushel for
potatoes a man can pay fur a turn In
one year. That after s crop of potatoes
you can raise 40 bushel of wheat to th
acre. That the raiting of hogs will pay,
That now la the time to sell flat bogs.
Prof. Arnold of 'the 'Agricultural col
lege extended an IsvttaUoa to ths far
mers to visit that institution, and x
plained the different departments
That ao experiment bulletin Is Issued
quarterly and these are mailed to all
farmers who apply. That the next
bulletin will be devoted to fruit pests,
Hon. D. O. Quick, of Suver, said that
be had visited the agricultural college
and oould endorss the school. That
agrteultural colleges are a sew insti
tution among us. That alnoe the
government aids the college it Is en
ahledtodolte works In a much better
manner. Hpoke of the dUtate of far
mer1 boys to remain on the farm. That
education will show them how honor
able and Independent is this calling
and that It may be made both profit
able and pleasant
Mr. Geo. Rogers, of Independence,
read a paper on
tiu pa Al It AO.
That hie paper will be devoted to
personal observations of cause and re
sults. That tha improvements In agri
culture have made A corresponding
elevation In the lot of the farmers.
Says that many farmers trust to luck
In farming. That there la no suoh
thing as luok. That we may vary
largely mould the conditions under
which we exist, Thataoll when full of
water becomes solidified and refuses U.
give up lie nourishment to the plant
That the warm rays of the sun evepo
rate the water and leave the land bard
and dry. That there are three ways of
drying land. That a system of dead
furrows la one way, evaporation
another, and tiling another. That tho
latter has been proven to be the best
method of the three, . Spoke of the ex
periment made In plaolug tiling. That
tiling three feet deep carried off tho
water and thorough drained a field.
That our county road could be Int- ,
proved by utidcr-drelns. That air and
sun win break up any kind of hard soli,
and that air should penetrate with tho
water through the tiling. That deep
tiling hss been proven the most valu
able. Recommends small tiling for
touuomy. That mure tiling can be
used aud greater efficiency gained.
That If long ditches are used that the
upper end can be of small tiling, and
gradually Inoroasel as the supply of
water Incrveuwa. That wheu a field la
well drained, that the soil retain all
the nourlshlug ma (crisis which are de
posited by the elemeuta.
D. O. (Juluk, of Suver, said that one
of the most Important thing with the
farmer is to have his Und In proer
condition. That his father took the
premium for having the beet cultivated
form. That surrounding farmers bad
Ukes and ponds, and many times
the water to.nl on them all summer.
That by drainage these soil became
the bent of farming laud. That oien
ditches were dug sud filled well with
lime stone ami covered up. That IS
years ago Dr. Hawthorne who kept the
liiNiue asylum at Kant Portland; had
farm In Wsshlugton county which
was NHtr, white Intnl. That ou thirty
acres he put fiti.ooo feet of lumber lit
under drniiis. That previously the land
would stwrocly produce any gralu.
Tlmt every dity since Uiut lime tlmt
Inud hits produced abundant crom.
Tlmt there I Uolhlng will pity better
than to under drain lund.
Mr. L. Paulson, of Washington
county, sold that ho believed lu tile
drainage. That he saw many acres
which he would drain as he came along
the railroad. That he would advise a
farmer to go In debt to reclaim land
that needs drainage, although he was
opposed to going In debt. That tllee
should be so placed that surf so water
can not enter. That the water must
come in from below, rtuu arur
ten years the Investment will be a bet
ter one than the first. That farmer
cannot make a better Investment than
to drain their land.
Mr. Itogera said that he bad found
from the experience of a friend that on
a farm where the water stood almost
on a level, .that be put la tiling 100 feet
apart, the upper end two feet deep and,
four deep at the lower end.. That tax '
this land which previously prodoeedi
lea, bushels of barley to the acre ba,
raised 61 bushel of oat.
Prof. Berohtold, of Corvaltle, read a,,
paper oa
rOVLTHV.
Bald that from In tiperie not many of
the young chicken, and particulary
turkeys will die. That raking poultry
to be successful requires experience and)
no small degree of science. A variety
of food la required. Corn alone la set
the best of food as It la toe fattening,
Oata, scraps of meat and warm mush l .
very acceptable. Plenty of water, whets
fowl are shut up, la required. Small
gravel la Indlepenslble for assisting di
gestion. Ashes on the nest where the
hen site and a sprinkle of sulpher will
prevent chicken lies. All food fad to
bens should be well swelled. Dry food
It tho cause of many a dead chicken.
Sulpher and black pepper mixed with
the food will prevent the gapes and tho
pipe. One hen can mother sixteen or
eighteen chlckt as well as teas. Duck
are a greedy blrd.and are very dirty and
not pleasant near a house. Theli
feathers, If kept plucked, pay well for
their raising. Turksys require careful
attention during the first two weeks
Curd and bard boiled eggs are good food
when mixed with pounded crockery
for turkeys. Some raisers plaoe bells
on turkeys to drive away those paste,
skunks. That sulpher Is to be mixed
frequently with food. Lima aaeY