La Grande evening observer., January 24, 1922, Image 3

foiss'dnv, Jaunavv ?t. 19'??
L" GTJANDE FVUmo OTlSlTOVJCTi
e
e
. S3
9
Some Aspects of the
Farmers' Problems
By BERNARD M. BARUCH
(Reprinted from
. , (Continued from Thursday's Daily.)
n
Lot us, then, consider some of tho
fanners grlevuncea, and 8ee how far
Ihoy nre real. In doing so, we should
remember that, while there hnve been,
and still are, Instances of purposeful
abuse, the subject should not be ap
proached with ny general Imputation
to existing distributive agencies of de
liberately intentional oppression, but
rather iih the conception that the
markollng of farm products dius not
been inoderiM.cd.
An ancient evil, and a persistent
one, Is the undergrading of fjirm prod
ucts, with the result thut what tho
farmers sell as of ono quality Is re
sold as of a higher, 'That tills sort of
chlcaner.v liould persist on any 1m
portant scale In these days of busi
ness Integrity woubf seem almost Jn-
.credible, but there Is much evidence
that It does w persist. Even as I
J 4fft ,th .newspaper announce tli
suspension ot severul firms from tlie
"New Ton;" I'roduce Exchange for ex
porting to Germany us No. 2 wheat a
w hole shipload of grossly Inferior wheat
"iulxed with oats, chaff and the like.
' Another evil Is that of Innccunfte
weighing of farm products, which, It
' l chhrged, Is Eomatinios I mutter of
dishonest Intention and solnetlmes ot
lroti'tlvc policy oo the part of jh
local buyer, who ears that he niay
"weigh out" mora Minn he "weighs In'."
A ttreater grievance i that at pre.
cot tlie ttejd farmer lias little or no
control over the time and conditions
of marketing hit product, wjth the
result that he is often underpaid for
bis products and usually overcharged
for marketing service. The differ
tuce between what the farmer re
ceives and what the .coasutnt-r pay
ifien nceeiU all possibility of Justl
flcutlnn. Vfo cite. ingle. Illustration.
l.hst year according to figures ntteat-
I ed by the railways end tlie growers,
t (leoririu watcrmelon-ralaera received
;'on the nverage 7.5 cents fur a meVin,
the railroads got 1S.7 eima fot rarry
Ing It to Uiiltlniore and the consumer
, paid te dollar, lusting 70 8 cent! for
tlie service of umrfeetlug sal its risks,
as against 'JUJI cull fut (roving and
' ,traaiiri,iijj. The hard annals of
farm-life are replete with such com
menturlt on the ciudtneas of pres
ent prtii-tieea.
Nature preacrlbe that the farmer's
' "goods'" must he finishea wltMu two
or three month of the year, while
financial anil stiratje limitations ?en-
; erally rompel lilui to aelk them at the
, Mime tin. Aa e rule, other initimtriea
ore In n continuous prarea of finish
tng goods fur the markets; they dis
tribute usjlii' tunlmv, and tiny can
riirtull prmlnctlon without too great
Injury o-fhemaelves or the commu
nity; hut If the farmer restricts hli
(.input, It la with dlatruu conse-
, qio-n.e. both to himself and to the
f-tooumnity.
The overage former 1 huay with
prcnluction fur the major part of the
j ear, and has nothing to rell. The
bulk of his output cornea on the mar
ket at once. l!ccane of lack of ator
'age facilities sod of financial support,
the farmer cannot carry-his' gud
through the raf end dlapooe of tUeio
a ttiey are currently nerded. Jn the
; lireat majority of se, fanners lone
to.ennuat stige tfi warehouses and
; elevators nail the fluamiol carrying
i of their tmalurta to other.
J'uriu. jr.slu.ts art eierall mar
keted at a Uuie heo there la s cn-
t tevli.n of toitli tronspi nail un and
. Iln;im hen ur and money are
ran The outcome, (n uieny .
i taii.. u that the fufioera not' only
aelt tinder pfeaatire, and therefore at
Ik diwlumtage, but are cu)ellrd to
tnke lrtlrr reductluna In net return,.
In otiler to meet the churnes for tlie
aervli ;f rtorin. tranirtlng, nnnne-,
in;, ant ultimate marketing iiiih
cluirtiiK they ilelm, re .fien evevs
aTve, bear' heavily tn hith 4't4iuiTier
and '.rodir. an t are under tlie cue
tnl of tho- perrwiiiluit the eervliea
It t Itue thut tliey are relieved of
the H k uf (hnn.lng naruet hf
selling at one ; hut they are quite wlll-
- tng t ttilr the iinfuvuial'le ihanre.
If the Mvorulde one uWo'lt Iheita and
tiiey an retain for lieunelaea part
of the erYi etinr'ea that are uui-
' form, In id etirs and !.!, tilth
tih fTiieS ai.il biw.
While, in the Inula, tlie former mut
' ajeil, i'U! illces of mat hot coinllUun";
at Ilie liqie if l loaloiio of -Vi(..
te ivttiit aa'Tafd aiii tun is lets.
He ii'icet k" fc J - si . iU4 II t e is to a"
ea l ; aPd ii' the world la ei at
- lh i;ct he on l- t to (ii'tiui fro
'dtHtii .1 tiitl alter I' f"io, a
' tn,t t I la let .e.di'.ra as to
-tie i r to I e itemanl f ks -
. tk ii tie '' t" JU'it 'Wtf " frinS'
twn ln' the err, jaM) tor.siies
Vlifli lm.
!?'. 4S (arg ettei nnt
cnti. -edta OMs', is 'lal that they
t.l li-li'a a dttalvantage la
tfeiiiarketli) their pi'. .i tinnj.
siH-iif.- raw iin'lk, bise 9" the
hUIEjis uf illstriliutlun0wlilcb the;o
must ultimately bear, s
E3
A"
v. n, it.e rirmers are stir
. : ? . - ... ..r,ds.,. .
th!
ii.kili:. unit unies as i... -y
ci.idieute these Uieii'iSitles, they
t.i
are sulij.-teil to slern economic lec-tur.-s.
nnriOre met with the accu;un
thfs tticv are dcinaiuliag ami at me
returns ..f, s..n-0 privileges Let
Atlantic Monthly)
as see what prlvllcgiQ the government
lias conferred oil the furniers. lti0h
has been umdo of Section t) of the
I'layloa'Autl-Trust Act, which pur
ported to permit them to combine wlfti
liomuiiity, under cortuln condltiuiis.
Admitting that, nominally, this ex
emptluu was In the nature of a special
privilege, though I think It was so In
appearance rather than In fact. we
Had that the courts have nullilicd It
by Judicial Interpretation. Why should
nut the farmers be permitted to ac
complish by co-operative methods what
other businesses nro already doing by
co-operation in me iorm or mcorpora-
nun.- ir u oo pr...-r ior men io ono,
by fusion of Voting corporations or
" d o
. :
or n large part of 'hy is 1 1 not
fin the nmrkt'iing of their conunini
nnnlnfi tilthfir In finn nr In kmvudiI
selling agencies?- Whv should-It be irlctrtlahlp. Various religious orgunl
taght for n huidro.l thousand coroornte zations have also Kiven expression
shaiehold.rs to direct 25 or 30 or 4U;t( desires for succiwa of meusurea
per eent of nn Industry, and wrong for
n- hundred thousand co-operative , wona peace, among ineni neing:
ftinners to control u no larger prupor-1 The Kiiisiipal miselon, the Moth
tlon of tlie wheat crop, or cotton, orodist mission; tho Japan Contu'cgu
nny other product? j tlunal Juissiou and the Sanation
The Iiepartment of Agriculture Is
often' sptiken of us a speclul concton
to trie iarmers, nut in us coiuiueici.u mission of the t'ongregatlonul Mes s Natumal rtasociation will in;
results. It Is of ns much benefit to the church,' the Shleouks t'hrlatlan I'ra-laol dhere Joaie 12th to 15th, inclusive,
buyers and consumers of agricultural temlty infusion; the Kuioltoiaisaku leccording to iafornintion to Cleveland
products as t tlto producer., or eren !chjistlon and eight other associated I member f:owi V. J. Woodlock, stcre
more. I do not suppose that anyone lmlssloIls. thc mtiukaido Methcidist Itnrv and trcastiiwr of the association,
opposes the beneflts that the farmers mlsslon. , Hyoso Baptist miasioo . I.ei.'
Z. , V:...j... . ,.i..:u( ioue and the lsasoya Dalnl
search work of the department, or the
help that It gives theru In working out
Improved cMturnl methods nnd prac
tices, in developing better yielding va
rieties through breeding and selection.
In Introducing new varieties from re
mote parts of the world nnd adapting
dltlon, and In devising practical mess-
ttres for the elimination ex control of
datigeroua and destructive animal and
plant Hteae, lnse pests, ami the
like. All these things oiaalftslly tend
to stlmulnts and enlarge production,
and their general beneficial effects are
otivlobS' '
It la complained that, whereas the
law restricts Federal Reserve banks
to three months' time fot conin'n.isl
paper, the termer 1 allowed sis mac!s by the British, French and Ital
Hiontha on his notes. This la nt a An arabasaadara here.
aiwclal privilege; but merely such j , . ,
recognition of husinet conditions as ( jhone Main. 571 fot gM0i(n or
iiiaaea u ii u.
to do business with country people.
The crop farmer has only, one turn
over n year, while the merchant and
manufacturer have many. Incidental
ly, 1 note that the Federal Reserve
IWiard has Just authorized, the fed
eral tteserva hanks to discount rspoxt
paper for- a period of ail months, to
conform to the nature of the busi
ness. The Farm Ton hanks are pointed
to as an Instance of special govern
ment furor for fanners. Are they not
rather the outcome of laudnble efforts
to equal!?. rural and urban coudl
'.lims'.' And aimat all the government
d there Is to help set op su ad
ministrative organization and lend a
little credit at the start. Kventunlly
the farmers will provide all the capi
tal -and carry alk the llaMlltlea them
selves. It is trim that Farm laisn
bonds nre tax 'eiempt ; but so are
bonds of municipal light nnd tracthsi
-plants, and new bousing is to be ex
empt from taxation, in New York, for
ten year.
On the other hand, thc farmer reads
,f plans for municipal luiualug imj
ecfl tliat run Into the billions, of hun
dreds of millions annually peui on
the .merchant marine; lie read that
the' railways are being favored with
lutrcaed rates and virtual guaranties
of earnings by the government, with
the' remit to htm of an 'ucreiised toll
on aU (but tie (ells and all that he
buys. 1H hears of many manifesta
tions of governmental conivrn for par
tlcular Industries and Intervals. Itc-a-cuing
the railways from Insolvency ta
undoubtedly for the benefit of the
country as a whole, hut what can he
of tuore general benefit thutt enrtoir
ngewtit of ample production of the
principal necessaries of life nnd their
evHi fl from contented producer to
dllstiiMl conaiimera?
While tt ' may he conceded that
pedal ginerniiteutal aid unv be lie--essury
In the geiierul Interest, we munt
all (tree that It Is d'fhYuit to sea v.-hs-ugtlciiltitre
nnd the prmluctlon and dla-
irlhuiion of farm product are not ao :
corded the earn iti'portun'ltira that art :,
pMvldtd for other kuaineese: -esite- '
dally as the enjoyment by the farmer '
f such opporf unities would sppuas te :
be even more contributory to rha nn ,
eral ch) ttaa la tti rase of oibot
irnfust rlt-ej. It ;lrit of Amarii-aa
dewifntf ie niisl'eralili optn-serl;
:itil:' to (Hined speeinl Tcrlvllege olid
to ti e special prioiioga-o unequal op
port.ettf that risfi9 suotratoaM
fram tit fa tura to correct ffanr
aesnenMO Iretjuoiit I una otpo:e
to tye Injection of government Into
business, but I do Relieve that It Is an
essential function of democrat!.! j?nv- ,
liment to 9onall7.e opportunity p
ar ns It Is within its poiO.-r to do ao,
wi't!ierhy ttie rejieo or arcnaic
Iatute?i, $ia enactment of modern
fours. If the antitrust laws keep the
fnrmr;e)friin endeavoring scientifically
to Integra) their Industry while 'fSjier
lnibistries rind a way to tieet raoiiern
conditions without violating such atat
utes, t i It Qiuld wm reasonable
.
t .e:
nou a way lor tno rarmers to meet
in under the aame conditions. The
Jaw should o.erate equully In fact. He
pairing the economic atr-Q'ure on one
aide Is no injustice to tlie other aidiQ
wlvh is In 6"o'l fei alr.
. ..- - V . . ,
Wo have traveled a inns way from
1 the old ooiKvitiiu of ijnvernineiit na
merely n defensive and policing uttetiry ;
and reittilntlve, corrective, or etinulU
Ins IcKNititlon, which apparently 1 of
a peclnl nature, U often of the most
fioneml beneficial consequences. Kven
the First C'oiiKross passed a lurlff ml
i thut waa avowedly for tho protection
(if manufactorcr ; bot a protective
tariff always hns lieeh defended in ft
means of promoting the general good
through a particular approach I and
the statute hooks aru lilted with acta
' for the hetietlt of aliliipluu, commerce,
; und labor.
(To be continued)
C0I
eBfJK
(By AssiaMutud Tress) ,
TOKIO, Jan. 24. The executive
committee of tho Women's I'eace
UBBIM.iation following a laree . pub-
meotlllg , Tok, December 13.
.a re8ol","m. .-""iippinea, in addition to the amount for
gratitude lor progress at ire nan-
; c01lft,,.micB nml ex1,.P!(alllK
tteslfe to coopHi'Hte with womn of
other nationa for true International
; taken by the conference making fori
army, ut Toyohashl, Alchl prel'oc-
ture; tho Mutsuyaaia Chrlsllnu.inuBl convantion of the Retail Credit
Methodist nilaaion.
i
' (By AASocisWd Presa)
BEfiNR, Jan. 24. Former Emper-
r .tCha''fes of Austria-Hungary ami hi.
'f. deported to tut n-
a much more remote from Europe
""" Madeira, to which they sic now
exiled, if there is sny further srttjmpt
at restoration of their throne in the
states fixfraing the former empirx.
Zitai.vho canw here to be st the hfi-
side of her son Kobert, has ao been
informed by the Swisa government !
hich transmitted to her a statement i
Peari Oil, or eny kind of oil. Ktnpir
Filling Co.
i-n-tf
HEAD THE WANT AtiS!
Prophylactic
HAIR
BRUSHES
and $Jf.5Q
Through i hiirai
til offt'F
wc art;
tiit'xe twoVtvr lit ftl-
!Htt half jicp
'Try tlie
Store
Tirst
L&LDRU6 CO.:
to
vtlit
s
i
"Wp make a B2?pinlty of the repsis of fine watchfa, flocks nnd Jewelry
yH hnvt- ytui'
that it ih a 4s rheTit leit the taefiiry that made
1 4s wheTiut left the faefiir
prepntnd to wMtaii' and ci'tiiv
lr ai'o prepaid
able fliarec.
You have our gnornift
lishment. e
e
Our tjiii-t.v rears
ings havojteeii tatisfactoi-v.
J..H.
Established 1891
PHILIPPINE
BUDGET MADE
(Ry Associated 1'resa)
MANILA, P. V.,' Jan. 24. The gov
eminent budget for the year us
recommended to the legislature by
Governor General I-eonaid Wood,
amounts to lf:l(i,2li!).2!d, or about J10,-
000,000 less than the umount approp
riated for the year 1921. It was ex
plained that, although the revenue of
the (rovernnieiit next .year would
amount only to $31,526,717, the cur
rent surplus it the beginning; of 1922,
amounting ta $5,982,070 would give
the government ample funds to cover
ils needs during the rnauing-eur. T ho
surplus, it was pointed out, arises
from the fact thut appropriation hnv
been mudo for certain public works,
but thut the money lias not yet been
relensed.
The lurgrest single recommendation
made was flir the department of public
:-(; which umnuntfe tn o-7
Ma The sum of $720,000 is recom
!nu.ndc1 torth, diversity of the lhil
tho Apartment of public instruction.
iEDITBJO .
MEET II JUNE
CLEVELAND, O., Jan. 24 The nn
WASHINGTON, P. C, Jan. 24
!'! tn formation of the admini
stration, plan for reorganizing gov
ernment deDartmonta to make them
.mora efficient nsd lest costly was
deplored In the sonato today by re
publican and deninerutle senators.
SERVICE
.SERVICE"
Wi(;htl addition (f a
!tir. w atv protmm!
wrvict' ami satisfiw
jilaff in tat Amide,
trial nltT mid he c
Free Delivery
s
wftrk witli, us we return it to
vr work
baek (j? every tjieee
in Buoim
(his city proves
Peare
La Grande's Leading
Joel
I 1 1 rl'iVifh'ity
t
Ao
Sip
Senators Smont of Utah nnd
Jones of Washington, republicans,
said the president should compivl do
imrtnmnt pleads who differ to ' got
together."
KIM) VKIUFIEI).
(lty Associated presa)
milT WOKTH, Tex., Jan. 24. Dr.
Frederick lA. Cook, shown toilny thi
Associated Iiea story from Canada
telling of the finding of one of hi"
notebooks in the possession of a wan
dering Eskimo, declared that tho book
had been buried by a member of his
party at least 1600 miles from where
it waa recovered, lie said many of
his books had been due up or found
nnd later traded in by the Eskimoa.
Much other evidence of this kind on
his north pole trip will be found, ho
added, and said nil of it would vindi-
o'o him anj sustain his claim of the
pole iliscoveio.
KETCHIKAN, Aluska, Jan. 2-io-Ketchisn's
commercial club has re
vived un old move to split Alaska int
two territories and hu voted to ash
Congress to make the division. It is
proposed tljat the southeastern or
"punhandle" section be made one ter
ritory, reaving the northern section to
lemain another territory.
Advocates of the move say that tho
interests of the two sections ate dif
ferent. From southeastern Alaska
come most of the salmon und in this
'section there nre prospects- that (treat
pulp and paper mills some duy will
be erected.
NOTttlB 'tii A14. FARMERS.
'We have opened a shop to do aV
hinds of work. HorHSshuvrng a special
ty. Call and bob tw. Prices richt
All werk gaarantoetl. Back of Kid
dle's (jroewy. Dean and Hemes, pro-
pnetoM, 'lnJer, (Jrcgo. l-21-2fit
For pscmpf delivery fur Pearl Oi'
or gasolii fit- tho hoaie, phone Mail:
571. Kmpfat I Filling Oo. 1-21-tf
ww (fclivfrv truck to wir
to &W tin ery best in
livt'P to any
, I'lifmp uw.a
ion Guaranteed
yyu witU the giyiranteo
the nrti'de.
ju'oniptly and ?it a reason-
of work done in our estab-
Unit our businesrPtlcal-
ALASKA MAY BE
SPLIT IN TWO
iimi. We tit
Itt'l'f t'l fflilttP
msvinciMl. '
Batisfacl
i
Grocery
&S
on .
Jewelers and Optometrists
King ot Signboards.
Probably l lie most elaborate sign
board ever exhibited was that of the
White Hart at Scole, Norfolk, Fog
luud. Sir Thomas liiowiie, In n;i;;i,
described It us tho "noblest signpost
in England, about und upon which
are curved a great many stories as
of Charon nnd Cerberus, Aclaeoo
and !luiiu, und many others." This
king of glgiibourilg wua erectej) lu
ltloo, and a said to have cost over
l,l!i). It tt'it tn existence rp till the
and of Ilia Eighteenth century, nnd
possibly may still be preserved some
where or other.
Greattat Zinc Mine. ,
The greatest r.lnc mine In the world,
located I'i Sussex county. New Jersey,
has been worked almost continuously
since Coloulul days.
VICTIMS
RESCUED.
Kidney, liverVbladder and uric acid
troubles or ipost.danEerous be
cause of their, insidious attack.
Heed th first Warning they giva
that thej' need attention by iuking
IEDAL 1
fl Vt'Km
WXiis S Ps.
b world's tt&ndard remedy for thtsw
.iaordtrv, will often ward off thess di
MBufl and 81rnKthn body jjinat
furthoraitacLj. Threo.:.iL',ll drugc'1'1
for fS ntmi Ctl IWmUI on vr7 har
mad ccpt ua t.i.Li
OPPORTUNITY
For u y ido-a'wako tRontlemnn
who Is beveen thfc ages of 25
and 60, uXxIouh to better his
condition anU build up a perma
nency with li leulug Western
Life liiMuranto t?.. with our
rlotno Office Vduilitional System
we can qualify
yo
for a Ronornl
anency and
4land back nf
you financially
tljo meiuitiinft.
Don't answer
ud unlesB you
can furnish A references and
bond.
WRtTtt ), CARS ORMS.,A"A
wnoiesajaivieatr
- WHY?
Do wholesale meat prices up and down with
fluctuations in live stock prices?
Why do livoj tock prices fluctuate ?
t
Why are some cuts of meat higher than others?
cWhat kind of competition is there in tho meat
business? 00 0 e ,
Where (iges your meat crme from ?
How does i t happen that you can aw5ys et it ?
Why is the large pafcker necessary?
e
o
Swfft & Company's 1922 Year Book answers
these and many other questions.
It's ready for distribution, and there is a copy
free for you. Send for it. You'll enjoy reading
it. It's a revealing document.
Address Swift & Company .
4290 PacVers Avenuo
Union Stock Yards, Chicago,!!!.
Swift & Company, U. S. A.
It c
m SAKiaa POWDER
frt mzmii solved
Mist housewives Dro-
js .ciain tnattiie. baking
$w .V povvier question waa
"JfRsoled for them the
nionicnt tliev used the
first spoonful of Cilumet. After
that no doubt rem; ined no hop?
inR no seanihinf. for a perfect
leaveiler -no Won Jsring if bak--tiiSB
would "tin )ut all right".
.4 VfftiC 'POWDER
h;i3 s:)yeJ the iiestion because
in all iVcse tiuity years it has
nevet fVlcd t' produce whole
some an nppe izins; foods at an
economiail co: t. It is as pure
ana sure s any DaKing powaer
ever made
Calumet is more economical
than other brands seUing for
less because its quality is the
holiest jio losses from spoiled bakings.
Use Calumet once that's
enough to ppove to you that it's
"best by test."
A soavd can of Calumet rnntnins full
1 (ioz. nunc baUinu iowdt-rnconie in
22 iii.cioui instt-nd of It oz. cans. Be
f UP