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About The Oregon mist. (St. Helens, Columbia County, Or.) 188?-1913 | View Entire Issue (June 9, 1911)
CURRENT EVENTS OF THE WEEK Doings of the World at Large Told in Brief. General Return of Important Event, Presented in Condensed Form for Our Busy Readers. The sugar trust will be investigated next by a congressional committee. Mexican Socialist rebels in Lower California receive many recruits and will continue the war. The annual report of the Christian Science mother church shows a great increase in membership. San Francisco police judges have decided that auto speeders shall serve jail sentences upon their third convic tion. A. G. Kushlight was elected mayor of Portland. Or., by about 8.000 m jority over Simon, the present incum bent. John Dillon, Nationalist member of parliament from East Mayo, is near death as the result of an automobile accident. Lieutenant Bogue, a French aero naut, is believed to have been lost at sea while attempting to fly from Nice to the island of Corsica. Mrs. Royal Phelps Carroll, a prom' inent society woman of Newport, R, I., has started for Africa with a large retinue of servants to hunt big game. Madero meets with great ovations at every town through which he passes en route to Mexico City, where a great reception bs been prepared for him. Maderoista captured and executed 28 alleged "liberal" insurrectos who had refused to recognize the authority of Madero and were continuing the war on their own responsibility. While eleven ministers of Ross, Cal., were taking a complimentary ride on a new automobile fire engine the machine skidded into the curb, killing one minister and badly injuring four others. Portland's Rose Festival opened with a grand naval parade and the ar rival of the king Monday. A brilliant rainbow was seen for more than half an hour at Winnipeg, Manitoba, about midnight Monday night, and the Indian residents are in mortal terror, believing it forebodes some great calamity. E. H. Gary promises the steel trust committee that he will tell all he knows about the big monopoly. PORTLAND MARKETS. Wheat Track prices: Bluestem, 95c; club, 85fti86c; Russian, b4c; val ley, 86c; 40-fold, 85ftj86c. Barley Choice eed, $28tfi 28.50. MillsturTs Bran, $24.50or25 per ton; middlings, $31; shorts, $25.60to 26; rolled barley, $29. 50rn 30.50. Corn Whole, $29; cracked, $30 ton. Oats No. 1 white, $2S.50r 29.50. Hay Timothy, Eastern Oregon, No. 1, $21Gi22; light mixed, $19fi20 heavy mixed, $17.5018.50; alfalfa, $13(n 13.50; clover, $12.50wl3; grain bay. $ 13.50m. 14. 50. Fresh Fruits Strawberries, Ore eon, $2fr3.75 per crate; California $1.50(41.75 per crate, gooseberries, 5;6c per pound; apples, $1(3 per box; cherries, $1.50 per box. Vegetables Asparagus, 60 (S. 75c per dozen; garlic, 10ra 12c per pound; lettuce, 30oi 35c per dozen; hothouse lettuce, $1.25rj 1.75 per box; peas Sic per pound; radishes, 12Jc per dozen; rhubarb, 1J'Vi2c per pound; new carrots, $2 per sack; turnips, $2; beets, $2. Potatoes Oregon and Eastern, $2.25 per hundred, new California, 7c per pound. Onions Crystal wax, $2.50; yel low, $2.25; red, $3 per hundred. ! Poultry Hens, 16tfil7c; broilers. 22j"'25c; ducks, young, 2oc; geese, nominal; turkeys, 20c; dressed, .choice, 25c. Eggs Oregon ranch, candled, 21c per dozen ; case count, 20c per dozen. Butter City creamery, extra, 1 and z-pouna prints, in Doxes, 24c per pound; less than box lots, cartons and delivery extra. Pork Fancy, lOtfillc per pound. Veal Fancy, 10'llc per pound. Hams 10 to 20 pounds, 16m 17c. Hops ivn contracts, 25c per pound; 1910 crop, 22c; 1909 crop, 15 (t 15Jc; olds, Boi 10c. Wool Eastern Oregon, 8J'S14Sc per pound; valley, 14loc; mohair, choice, 36(Vf37fC. ' Cattle Prime grain-fed steers, $6 (ft 6.35; prime hay-fed steers, $6to 6.25; choice steers, $5.75w6; fair, $5.505.75; common, $5.25 (ft 5.60; prime cows, $5.756.25; good, $5tfi 6.25; fair, $4.75015; poor, $4.50fr 4.75; choice heifers, $5.60 M, 6.75; choice bulls, $4.75; 5.25; good, $4.25 W4.75; choice light calves, $70i7.25; good, $6. 757; choice heavy calves, $5v;5.60; choice stags, $5.75i 6.25; good, $5,2505.75. Hogs Choice, $6. 5006.85; good, $6.25o6.50; choice heavy, $Ro6.50; common, $57;6; stock, $6.75o7.50. Sheep Choice spring lambs, $6.25 66.50; good, $606.25; choice year lings, $4,8005; good, $4,6004.75; fair, $4o4.25; choice ewes, $404.25; good, $3,7504; fair, $3,6003.75; good to choice heavy wethers, $40 4.60; old heavy wethers, $30 4; mixed lota, $405. BOAT UPSET; SIX DROWN. Father and Babe, Brother and Sister, and Betrothed Couple Perish, Salt Lake City, Utah Six persona were drowned in Utah lake Sunday when the sailboat Galilee, in which 16 persons were attending party given in honor of the approaching marriage of Miss Vera Brown and Edward B. Holmes, capsized. Among the drowned were the engaged couple. The bride-to-be and two of the other victims were children of Captain Ed win Brown, owner of the boat The boat left Geneva on the east shore of the lake at 9 o'clock in the morning and headed west. About one hour later the boat, struck by sud den squall, turned sidewise to the M.in.l anA ,tnwt inatnnttv all nf tha INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESS OF OUR HOME STATE USERS GET POWER SITE. Klamath Glad Government la Holding Location Near Keno. Klamath Falls The directors of the Klamath Water Users' association feel elated over the order issued by the secretary of the interior, counter manding the order for the sale of the government power site on the Kamath river near Keno. At the inception of the Klamath reclamation project this power site was purchased at a cost of $10,000. The government abandoned the lands above the gravity canal and FRUITMEN INDUSTRIOUS. 16 persons aboard were thrown into consequently has no use lor the power the water. The boat turned over and tor pamping purposes, but the disc over, robbing the str w . ,88Ociati0n an opportunity to hold to it. Benja- .......... . . . min Raymond's little son was the J 't"l that while th PumP land" hv first to sink. His father caught him in most instances been eliminated and they sank togeher. from the Klamath project, the time is coming when they will again become Edward B. Holmes heard the scream of his fiancee and as soon as he could locate her in the water he went to her aid. They went to the bottom clasped in each other's arms. Frank Brown saw his other sister struggling in the water and went to her assistance. He was exhausted when he reached her and she was com pletely worn out and had given up the struggle. Her brother caught her but the chill of the water had so benumbed them both that they were helpless and they sank together. Some young men of Provo, Utah, who were trying out a new sail boat, were attracted by the cries of the survivors. They sue ceeded in saving 10 persons who had been in the water an hour and a half, GARY'S TALK OUT. Steel Magnate Urges Co-operation and Stability. New York The arguments with which Elbert H. Gary, chairman of the directors of the United States Steel corporation, addressed iron and steel manufacturers who were h guests-t a recent luncheon to discuss the independent action of the Kepubl Iron and Steel company in reducing prices, were made public by him Tuesday. They threw added light on what occurred behind the closed doors at the Metropolitan club, where the conference was held. Mr. Gary argued for continuing co operation among the steel makers and for stability in prices, but his ap parent wishes on the price question were overruled Dy a general dimcuity to meet the cuts of the Republic com' pany. In his remarks, Mr. Gary touched upon the possibility of wage reductions, the value of fair dealings and frankness by great corporations in view of the recent Supreme court decision in the Standard Oil case. OLD FARMS LURE AGAIN. 24 Wslla Walla Call Families Heed "Back to Country.'. Walla Walla, Wash. "Back to the farm," is cry that has a real mean ng in Walla Walla. More than two dozen families have left the city for their abandoned farms within the past two weeks. More have announced their intention of so doing and it is believed that within a year the desert ed homesteads will be remhabited. More than a score of vacant houses in the city have been left by farmers who have gone back to their ranches and several city homes have been put on the market for sale. It is not the usual summer exodus to the farms, It is the belief that the farm is a de sirable place to live and the deserted farmhouses are to be full of life again after years of desertion. Huge Depot Dedicated. Chicago The Chicago & North western railway's new passenger sta tion, the second largest passenger ter minal in the world used by only one road, was formally opened here Sun day. The terminal covers 20 acres. The station yard covers 343,040 square feet, and the building section 69,760 square feet. Sixteen tracks with a capacity of 200 cars enter the train shed, giving the station a capacity of 250,000 passengers a day. The total cost of the station was $23,750,000, $11,560,000 being for real estate. Chicago Police Doubt Tale. Chicago Chicago police discredit the purported confession of John De- laney in Muskogee, Okla., Saturday, in which he said he had, at the direc tion of John J. McNamara, secretary and treasurer of the International Association of Bridge and Ironwork ers, selected buildings in different cities for destruction by dynamite, among them being a viaduct in Chi cago, which was, he said, blown up in rebruary, 1907. Mexico to Sand New Man. Mexico City Announcement is made of the appointment of Gilbert O. Crespoy Martinez as ambassador to Washington to succeed Manuel de Zamacona, who probably will be re turned to London as the government's financial agent. Since Zamacona'a ap pointment as ambassador, the London post has been filled by Pahlo Macero, who resigned last week. Alaska Mines Sold. Cordova, Alaska Representatives of the London Exploration com nan v. the Pearson Syndicate, are here clos ing a deal for the purchase of more than 60 gold quartz claims in the McKinley lake district near this city. The purchase price is approximately $500,000. i a portion of the project and the power will then be needed. The directors appealed to Congress. man Hawley and through him the matter was presented to the Interior department. In order to hold the site the government has to do a certain amount of development work and the reclamation service is now performing this work. It is not known (what will be the ultimate disposition of the power site, but the directors are plan ning to acquire title to the property by adding its cost to the Klamath pro ject. By this method it would pass into full control of the association as soon as the land owners paid back to the government the money expended in building the irrigation system. Several corporations were ready to bid on the site and had it not been for the timely action taken by the water users the sale would have been made and in later years the land owners might have been forced to pay a high price for power to some private con cern. SHEEPMEN ENTER PROTEST. Assessment Against Their Property Said to Be Too High Baker Declaring" that sheep are as sessed out of proportion to their mar ket value, and that the sheepmen of the county of Baker are paying more than their proportion of the taxes on the county and state, the legislative committee of the Baker-Union Wool growers' association has drafted res olutions to the state board of tax com missioners asking the board to use its inneunce witn county assessors throughout the state to have sheep as sessed at a lower rate. Members of the local association say that this is a state-wide movement. Similar res olutions will be sent in from every sheep county in the state. The res olutions say that ewes are sold on the market for $2 and yearlings for $1.50 to $2, while ewes are assessed at $6 and yearlings at $5.50 in Baker coun ty. The sheepmen also assert that Jerry Fleetwood, the county assessor, is a cattleman and is inclined to give the sheepmen the worst of it. SEATTLE MAN BUYS IN OREGON One of the Finest Orchards Brings 75,000, for 90,Acres. Grants Pass Fred G. Cutler, of Se attle, has purchased the Elmer Shank orchard, four miles down the river. for the sum of $75,000. This tract of land consists of 90 acres in fruit, 50 acres in bearing trees 12 years old. and balance in five-year-old trees. The output last year was 18,000 boxes of merchantable apples. This is one of the best orchards in the country and the price is the largest ever paid for a single orchard in this vicinity. Cutler will immediately bring his family to Rogue River valley to pass the summer. A few years ago this land was sold to Shank for one-half the present price. Since that time the new land has been brought to a high state of cultivation and the number of bearing trees greatly increased. Larger Purchase It Urged. Salem State Senator I'atton and Representative Reynolds, of Marion county, waited on Governor West and Secretary Olcott Monday urging them as members of the state board to buy the entire block east of the present capitol grounds instead of half a block as originally planned. This will be the site for the additional capitol building lor wnicn xioo.uim was ap propriated by the last legislative assembly. Rush Keep Land Office Busy. Lakeview The government land office here is worked to its full capa city looking after the many filings of land throughout this land district. People from all parts of the country are coming In preparatory to getting lands before the completion of the railroad from the South that is now under construction, with over 400 men at work grading near Davis creek, the rapidly growing town at the lower end f the valley. Immigration Commission Named, Salem Members of the state board immigration commissioners were amed by Governor West. They are: W. E. Coman, John M. Scott. I-cRoy Park, Portland; Thomas C. Burke, Baker; and A. F. Hofer, Jr., Salem. and best Lebanon and Brownsville Folk Have Fine Section, Portland That Brownsville Lebanon will build up one of the fruit districts of the state in regard to crowing and preserving small fruits is the belief of J. 1. Lee, who visited meeting at the former place of peopl interested in the industry. Mr. Lee went to Brownsville as the representative of the Portland commer cial club and made an address encour aging the organization of fruit grow era' unions in that district. "This is a very fertile district. said Mr. Lee, "and the future bright in this industry. Conditions are right for the formation of a fru union in Brownsville, which probably will combine with the similar organ ization already in operation at Leb anon. "Berries, cherries, pears, and fact all the fruits common to this cli mate thrive remarkably well in that region. From the earliest time in the state's history the people of that dis trict have hud a reputation for being pioneers in progressive work and all that is required at this time is the re' incarnation of the old spirit; organ iz ation and activity along progressive, modern lines. We had a good aud ence with a delegation from Lebanon and I think our meeting awakened greater interest in fruit culture its preservation." FRUIT PEST CRUSADE. nd Agricultural College Experts Begin Summer Campaign. Corvallis The campaign for the eradication of crop pests in Oregn has commenced and will be in full force by July 1, says Dean A. B. Con! ley, of the Agricultural college. Col lege experts have made several pre. Iiminary trips about the state and Dean Cordley will visit Kugene make arrangements to establish head quarters there. Professor H. F. Wil son spent the latter part of the past week at Independence and Salem in vestigating the diseases reported have been making ravages on the hop and fruit crops of this vicinity. has been decided to have headquarters at Portland, Salem and bugene. Cold Holds Wheat Back. Condon Owing to the cold and backward weather in thfa county thi spring, grain crops In this locality are about two weeks behind the average season. While the grain is not suffer ing from want of moisture in most sections of the county, a hard rain a this time would be a vast benefit and this in particular applies to the north end of the county. Farmers about Condon and south of here claim they have ample moisture and are anxious to see warm weather. Fall grain i doing well and will do well if a good rain is had in June and the fore part of July, which has seldom failed in this county, but spring grain which was sown late should have rain in the next ten days in order to insure a good aveage crop. Sea Lion Season on Soon. Marshfield The season for hunting sea lions on the Curry county conn will begin soon. It is likely that some of the local fishermen who have sea going boats will hunt for the sea lions In past years the industry has been carried on quite extensively. There are many sea lions along differen points on curry county and they are valuable for the fat, which is used for oil, and for the hides, which are tanned and used in making belting. The sea lions are shot and picked up by gasoline boats. May Wettest in Astoria. Astoria According to the records in Weather Observer Gilmore's office the past month has been an exception ally wet one in Astoria. The total rainfall during May was 6.88 inches. an excess of 3.08 inches over the aver age for the corresponding month of previous years, which was 3.8 inches. Since 1854, when the first weather re cords were kept here, there were four months of May in which the rainfall exceeded that of the present month. Ready for Irrigation, Lakeview Fifty men are employed on the Davis Creek orchards dam. which is nearly completed. The com pany has 60 acres planted to trees and about 200 acres in grain, with an ad ditional 300 acres in alfalfa and tim othy. There will be plenty of water for irrigation purposes this year, the reservoir having already been filled to the 12-foot level - and then released several times. Hood River Builds Macadam Road. Hood River This county is building four miles of macadam road this year. two miles on the East side and two on the West aide, main trunk lines. 'Salmon Catch Improved. Astoria Since the warmer weather began there has been quite an improve ment In the runs of salmon and the gillnettera during the past two or three days have been making fairly good catches. While the season thus far, is regarded generally as poor one, one of the canners says that the pack to date is fully equal to the amount put up at the corresponding time a year ago. Peach Orchards Yield Heavy. Hood River Athough most of the peach trees of Hood Rjver valley have but little fruit on them this season, C. H. Stranahan reports that the trees of his orchard are overloaded and that he has found ft necessary to thin away more than one-half of the fruit. On a twig less than five inches long there are 10 large, well-shaped peaches. NEW REPUBLIC IS BORN. Lower California Rebels Cut Loose From Mexico. Tia Juana. lower California -The insurrectos in Tia Juana. lower lH fornia, have severed connection with the Mexican Lil-rnl party, elected Dick Ferris president of the new re public of Lower California, and de cided to await word from General Pryce before choosing a new general, Pry ce to have the preference if he re turns. He is expected in a few days. Ferris is a Ioa Angeles promoter. In last year's state campaign he was a candidate for the lieutenant governor ship nomination at the Republican di rect primaries. The rebels' action followed an ad dress to the insurrectos, who now number about 150 men, by louis James, a rebel captain. A new Aug and new constitution are being pre pared. Captain James told the rebels that they should drop all connection with the Mexican Liberal party, with all other organizations in the United States, form a provisional government and demand recognition of Francisco Madero and his party in Mexico prop er. General Pryce went to los Angeles to learn from the junta what became of the men he sent up there with a considerable sum of money to buy am munition and supplies fur the rebels at Tia Juana. The ammunition and supplies failed to come. The men are out of ammunition have no prospect of obtaining suji plies, and are said to be on the point of selling their guns and quitting Iwer California. The camp has been divided into several disgruntled factions. LOPEZ EXECUTED AS TRAITOR Benedict Arnold of Mesican Rebels Pays Penalty of Turncosts Cananea, Mexico "Red" Iopez who was ordered imprisoned by Fran cisco I. Madero, Jr., on the charge that he had "sold out" to American interests while in command of a see. tion of the insurrecto garrison at Agua Prieta, has been executed. lx pes was being conveyed from Agua Prieta to Hermosillo to begin the serving of an eight-year sentence. Conflicting stories are told by the guard which was accompanying lopez One is to the effect that the former insurrecto leader had attempted to escape and was shot ; another that pleaded to be executed rather than be taken to prison. It is alleged also that lopez had confessed to having received $4,000 for the surrender of Agua Prieta to the Federals. MATCH TRUST MILITANT. Diamond Company Issues Ultimatum Against Stubborn Independents. Tacoma, Wash. Putting the ban on the dealers of , Tacoma, the Diamond Match company, known as the trust. has served notice that they will not be allowed to handle its product if they sell the Tacoma-made match now being turned out at the new factory on Chambers creek by the Pacific Coast Match company. rormai noiincation has been iriven to the West Coast Grocery company which for 20 years has distribute trust matches, and S. A. Nourse, of the grocery company, has retorted if that is the way the trust feels almut it, it can go hang. His company, h said, would handle the Tacoma match and the consultation came to a speedy termination wun the home-made art cle still on the market. Cotton Crop Looms Big. Washington, D. C-Present indies nons poini lo me present year s cot ton crop as the largest the country has ever proouced, according to govern ment experts. The crop will be treat er ny about z,b00,000 bales than the average and larger by nearly 400,000 bales than the biggest crop the coun try ever raised that of 1904. Pro vided conditions as favorable as those which have prevailed during the las w years continue this season. there should be harvested this year more man 14.0U0.000 bales. Floating Log Saves Life. .......ll-air-l, V'ltltt. SHUT IHlUlinfP All a log in a flooded stream for nearly 211 ours, mrs. name lripp, who with her mother and two brothers was w,.t nto the Canadian river by a fr..h..t was found in Gaines creek, two miles unove where that stream emntiea int.. the Canadian. Mrs. Tripp was uncon scious, rnysicians said she had cnance lor recovery. Her rm.th... '".- b'iu nrr iwo umihMra were iohi. TAFT SCORCHES GIANT TRUSTS Lumber and Paper Men Foea of Reciprocity. Prove Beneficial I mnkt Pto. pl Approve Measure. "V I fromtaA trust u I irers Burned Timber Bill Up. Washington. D. C. The ic lands committee has favornUv ... ported a bill authorizi nif hompatnat settlera whose lands were burned over oy loresi nres last summer to sell all the timber seriously in iurl i nnj by fires and pocket the receipts. The bill also authorizes the secretary of interior 10 sen Durned timber on pumic lands. An effort will be made to pass the bill this session so a. IT .. I ! ... renei 10 seiners. Postal Bank it Coming. Washington, D. C.-The iWnffi... Icpartment has announced that begin ing July 1 postal savinir haul. be opened in the lareo citios f n.- country and that in all nml.ul.ii:... of the first of these big banks will be o,nedatrortland. Or. Plans have not yet been perfected, but it is also probable that postal bank, .ill pened this aummprnv r.n i- o...... Tacom. and Spokan. Chicago President Taft, in speech before the Western F.conoailt society, here, declared that the prion, pal opposition to the Canadian rwj. procity agreement cam not farmer, but from the lumber trust from American manufacturers print paper. In one or the most conspicuous id. dresses that he has ever mult this subject, the president outlimt some of the methods employed by u advocates of the reciprocity agrw. ment; he practically told others tin: they were being "buncoed" by pu. interests, and said that the result it iiendcd not so much upon the I'niw States senate as upon the people, "If the farmer and the pcoult large," he said, "could be brourt to understand thia question they would no longer fear to vote. The president was not sparing in hii words. He told the reasons for ti. opinHtition to the treaty by the lumbr trust and by the paiier manufacture and, without using names, scored it firm any of whose members recent appeared before the senate Anson committee in Washington ostt-ntik on behalf of the national grange. In spite of the forces that art raigncd against it. the president pressml the belief that the bill willM piMMd. "The bill," he said, "will panst-d, if it is paused at all, beriaiH the force of public opinion is in r favor." FLY IS DEATH TO BEETLE. Parasite that Will Kill Douglas Enemy It Discovered. Seattle. Wash. The bark bettk which destroys Ikiuglaa fir throughon' the timbered districts of the UnM States to the extent of almost f IOC. 000.000 annually, and which was U lieved by expert entomologists to without a parasite, has been found have a deadly enemy. Professor Trevor Kincaid. head the department of zoology at the I'l versity of Washington, is the discs' erer. The parasite is small red 8; with smoky wings and long sting like organ behind. The pars its stinctively discovert the beetle If' lays its eggs in the bettle't tunnel. Professor Kincaid says the ne discovered parasite will destroy froc 25 to 60 per cent of a colony of ben les in one season. The discovery made in Ravenna park, in Seattl while Professor Kincaid was out the woods with one of his classes. Professor Kincaid attained prom inence by his discovery of a paraiitl on the gypsy moth, which was oe tmying millions of dollars' worth fruit trees annually, SWEDEN WELCOMES FLEET. American Warships Elected Stockholm By Pleasure Crsft. Stockholm, June 6. The second vision of the United Statea A Hint fleet, composed of 'the battleshiM Kansas, louisiana. New HamnthN and South Carolina, arrived here todin ror a week's visit. The battleship which lert Copenhagen June 1, wri met off the Aland archipelago by i large Heel of gaily-decorated excur sion steamers, which escorted thm into the harbor. Immediately after the flaftM l.ouisiana came to anchor the roc mander of the fortress sent an offlW to greet and welcome Rear Ailmirt Badger, commanding the divii ViMita were then exchanired betwer Admiral Badger and the commsnd: n chief of the Swedish souailron i: the harbor. Woman Has Saving Mania. Worcester. Mass Relatives of MH Margaret Hudon. who died here rr cently after working as a shop clerk ior w years at $1 a day. have fouw bank deiiosiu In her name airirreirit ing $5.21)0. Her ti.UI rnimn b-' been about $9,3(14 and from this had paid her living expenses for tM whole 17 years and the cost of tw funeral of her brother, who died thr years ago. Miss Hudon ia said have lived on 30 cents' worth of fa1 each week. Her house rent was rrj small. She had a mania fr.r lavinf. Civil War Battle Remembered. I'hillipi. W. Va Flf vears ST the first land buttle of the Civil ww was fought at Philinnl and this wK the semi-annual centennial anniver sary of the event. Union and Conf erate veterans went over the line of r treat of the Southern troolis wh they were driven out of Philippi. A re-gen were mon hu t;ovsm' ilassrook. United Statea Senator Tsj- or, of Tennesnee, ex-Senntor Henff t'avis and Colonel John T. McGrsw- Quska Shakes Charlarol, Belgium I harlerol. ReltrlumAn earthrUK' ws felt at Gosselies, four miles nortH i mis city, at 2:40 o'clock Morion fternoon. Many house were dr; Red. The streets in littered "i" debris. There Wera no paaiialties.