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About The Oregon mist. (St. Helens, Columbia County, Or.) 188?-1913 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 8, 1905)
SUPPLEMENT TO om:ioN AIIHT. rRtDAY, BBOBMBlim , iaos PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE Federal Rate Supervision Is the Theme ECONOMY IN EXPENSES Monroe Doctrine Should Be Main tained Inviolate. WORE LIBERAL PHILIPPINE TARIFF Communication li Submitted and Ut tnd to fclmulUn.gugly In tho Two Houm Confr Cit Ugnthlp on Porto rlican.. .a..ti.ttl.ia Krfl ft l'e.J'dnt KooSeveH ..ub, .B.Unvue.l l Mil fiuuwiul grtas .. u tna H.ati and M-uaa of 1irpravntattvra : hm R t a (, 0 tu, iha turn ! ii ! oly rntiiiu lu ,n!ltrrl , rp..rai ina anggd In tha bualn-aa J.. mli, I'hd-mbUdiy lhara will uf intBfmtmlm taninainn Aa I aatd in I vu an i n i " i'"-"""; " mi,U and aw will I frll mm or Itw by all .'U ?. .... ,"2 ... . ... in .1,. i..j un the ..... Hl.l to. !. III .r4filty pf Hi ri.untit to hln IhJUMUmt h. ur '.I lh f AwM' ., lit lotH. An.rrt.n tilltvn. mi ml- 4rr lhcr hi ' b n.Ml or manUAl. hihr l l fi"r 7atr, bul- it mn r .r.rl..r.l mr. ln uur nnltitll i.l rtl rm lh In. rr( ol nil ""n r ni mtriino (.,-it.iwia .( in ruui-HMM-ir. - - jf-gulatiun la r.n.arnad. la Iha rnanmrnl art..g and tha u.lrar lng, Agat ,RK tlf , mi. arama to arura lo tha ,.lh f u. Urd iha wiad.m i g.Ma uf tha ilvr nmnil aurh auparva..n a.a.i, in maa ( SJS ' .'d r.gu.t.m ut th. fair, charged by tha .natty ran but t. l.Uy rnNjir !h ' ) r.foau. f tha ruuntry angagrd In Infr- II of ua. ' 'Tho 1 .;v.ir piavatit tha linpoaitlun f uoju.t or tn..nt ut Iha -y Jill h. ta; pat Prt 'f lip , r.t,.lc. ,B ,vr Bhmi, i iV r it i- A t'aliln LMjgT o b I'ta ttm Thl. po.ar to ragulala ratra. : . V. , . Mihi.: world, ahouid b aavrrtaad with mNtarailin. .hl In tl Inuiwri mj.jrit f ft , ,uv ( th (ioVrninnt lnlrfrln with iiirl dnii( nn t... b hi nn iin-r. . ,u.inr mur thn U nr"-rr. I It hi li.i.ull nl ln.lairt, Ixntni Mm )lo BO b,n,,, ,h. ()ovrrnmnt un.lrr a.lC km max bnm u.ra Nurmallr tha ,.,t w, l,i,h can aim propriety at.an or rai frlurliv rapa.llir . ,)( ,n ,,tu,,, hnda. Hut n-llhrr ito I thk hr guUh.i in. Iai ot mn thr ron ,,.,,. , lh. ,i,nmnt fllnrhlni lr.,m than ll n.ui.l I....1U.-. ''"'' bi "I; ,,,, ,h .,.. . ,ur. t outaln lhrln ... a..l b..h ha anJ lh l i , , aui.rrU.loo It .wrh ' " . .,, mY ,.,.,.inra lo ln.ll.al. th. .aaet Jam. Th. auorrn,!.! ' " ,.,,., ih. w .huh .hoold b. .na.i.l; liur b. unoual mol nr h.lna u lo lit f .... m '"'"''" '"' ' ,'' ' '" J i.T'.a. I. " . v ,.n. ii.. ....... rn:;:;... t:";'- wjr lh. aar.. ptt.-rr. a lil . .. hl.d by making -,U..o..a a..-k 7 . .. " ' ..a.H .t.iin w ,.) aa an ai.-rpth.nal raward f..r hi. ahr.lt. whaih.r a glvrn rata praai-rlbrd by a rail atfiurthtrig ran 1 d..na by Ugiaiallon to Italp road la raa.nal.U and Juat, anJ If H la Ih gnrrat mnai.rrlll , hut no au h fiwin r a V...t. rh.iBii-r i-.n t .urn .... .t.i. ....I lr.. rt.iiuii.tr mnsm a. Iha fr-auila r a nlP t wril.-n artail innr. in in tli.t ft ail itidUBtrl'Hia and HliHit '' pi. who a t dr. mil), and thl h nM) an..lhT M.v ..f Mma thai aur i1!.!! ht h ..n.r ! tra nl'la and 1b fitriotml- muil of hi raally rrti n.fa l th' mif abl. and f.tfiuttat. If. thfffi. Ih l. fi"- un.i wttn u rtoivrd by nvy nf hia m-rr r...iUft.i linlhr l.t atrilic at Iha roitdlt I'ota wn.lrr wM. h thy boih. though ro.uaii lrrd. tha r rati II will aaaurdlr b. that wlnlr lUiimir na iin. ! tn una atrui a ai. Ii alii ki.ii with an 'van hravb-r load th on. tNh.i Bttlkat lh blow Tak-n aa a w hoi. w. mu at ail g up or go down ogthrr. minimum raira. I call your attention to tha 4'vrpaimitMJtia. 1 fart that my prupo.al la not to gtv tha Vt whll not maraiy admlitlng, bul Inaiat- t'oinmu.lon pow.r lo Initial or original Sng uiH.n ihla. II I aiao lm thai whrr ihi ratr. a-nrtil, but to rrguiai a rat al ia no Muvi rnmanial r-tralnt or auirviahm. raty nid or urlglnatad by lh road a, upon Hn of Iha rt r,iiinal Nn uaw their nr- f.rf in wat. thai ar for th. conimn g.Hrtl but in ' whl.'h tell again.! ihla rommoti gMK( Th. f .rtunra amaued through .Hai .rNnltathn ar now ao large, and vrat an' h tn'ttrr in Ihoae Ihai wield th.m, aa . make li a matter uf nrwJty lo give t. 4 ha iu(i r Ign -mat n to - toveriiniei, rht.h riv.rnta tha mopi aa a whole aom r(i-tlt wrr of auteiv-lon over Ihrlr vT- , ui. In order lo tnaur a healthy m- i 1 " " " ".'I .hli.,.r ha. bam tol.1 by a Ir.frt,- nftlr.r lo ,,.,,1.lr .,. ri.mr .lr...j.i...uh la " g.,Uy ..t Mm. rommorilty ,l. to rori- T". ' ' ',..tu,tn , ,.,!. in til. r.l. lo laku rfl.il bl on ."i 'm. y uXm 1,1 '," 7. -"'., ."'- ";"' IT a.l !.- ol ill. .o.Hrn,.l for I.w; lb- front of I'l- "... -IHPf" .ml ..on. I Irh h. fall.it. i law ln.vii.biy railroad .nd to Ih. .I.n.a.a of all lh.tr ,r,, ".ra W. .houM, m..rr...v.r. r..onl.. In 1 comcMltor.; for II imi.t not b. for.ott.n ,otl.l and m.. '..hum IH- Immrr... ,i.l Ih.l tha bl .hln.ar. ar. .1 Ira.t .. murri ilt'. l.y wirmiraia ...-n.'l.ai In toup.liy'to hlaina aa ny railroad In th. m.lt.r uf lu. h mm oiiia. an.l ih wraith of lnt.Ha.-i, .n- I rabataa. Th. law ahould maka It cliar o .. ..... ....... ....... ...i io n.-ir arrvi... that nohoilv it fall in iind.r.lan.l Ihat any an'l Ihrrrfiira normally l lh. airvl.a of tha kind of loniml.alon .ald on fr.l.ht ahlii ioil.lt. by Ibflr orri-.-ia .ii.l .ttri..-lora. 1'l.a n.nnlft, wh.lhar In thla form or In Iha rorm ...... mil. -I. haa wnia lo alay. Jual aa Hi. Ii.dr of nrtlllou. daina., or of . romraalon. . iniliin ha. r.-in. lo alai. i.-h mn do .nd fr. i.aa, rrdurrd I'arafn.or ral., or p.y h.ia .l..n. .rral ...l. r:.fh ahould b. favon-d mriit of brok.riiR., la III.. at. II la worth mo lot., an II it- R1. I'm rui'li Hhoiild b. whll. (-oM.lil.rlh. wh.thrr II would not b. al.an ly ohf. krd wlo-r. H "' If In.l I.W l. I. i-onf.r on Hi Hut arnntrnt Ih. rlKht , juall.r. of i lMI Bi llon Kilalli't lh. li.n.llcl.ry of Ion. aa Ih nnan.-i-a of Hi. Nallon ir ri-h.il. for ul I.11.I twlra thr valu. of Ih. ra k...l ui.ii mi h.'io-al lila hi olhir iiu.-aMon in.; n,. would lirl atop what la rr.lly ..f lnl.'inal ....riomv wllh wlil.h lh. I'ol.Mto.a blackmail. Kl.tnlor nllow uiu'oa ahould I.. lm lh. t-owir to d-al In-. Ilia to aptiroa.-h In , (.t.d, for Ihry l.ava now .loun lo au.-h .n lu.iiori.in.. Hi nmili-r of ii.l.avoi lu. lo a.-.,.ui,.nt uml it,.y .ra driuurallxlnK .nd .ra ra proi-i-r In.liwtrlnl c.n.llllona und.r whl.'h u., B riii... th. Ili.ln Idll.la- "".I '! I1' "" i 'r- ' ,. b.at pna.ll.la ri'.ulallon of r.t.a Would, pornlloi.. .loll., an lnt.-r.luli- hii.lm.. ar. to of ,.urv, ,. that r.-.iilnllon a.i-ur..l by an 'I'l.. miiai-ra ofiour Nttll-'iml t'.inatltii- i,th,Mt al(r(,,,n,.nt miiioii. th. rullroH.la th.m tloil iin.vhl.-.l rpii.lly that Iha frllilll"ll , .u, ,.,ry out th. law. Hmll . K'narnl ..r liil. ii.lai. rommii.'. ahoul.l i-..m. wllhln 1,,,mi.11( vl,l, for lnatnnra, ut one. put . th. ai.hrrr or ih. iinirmi xot.riiiii.in. 1 u" iliuili. lit. In favor of Ihi lr liihln. llilti alan.l w.rn vviii Ihrti .t niln. 1 ul llo.y rn far .l.o,,..r lodav. In vl.-w of Ih. ;""niio..a .l.vi'lopinriil H"'"1 l"i"H'" aa.-n. li-". u.u lly ...i(.ml. In f.am. Kpi lain . luia ahown ..ii.oaalt.lt' It will leilillllly ba Itr.'.amiry ul- ininlely lo confer In fulleal form .itch l.ow.r ui.on Ihe Nnllonal novel limeiii i.y a i.i-oi.or irniu.lmrhl of the Colialllullon. It Would oh- Vlolialv b' imwla. lo eli.l.'nvor lo ae.'ilre atlch an nin.n.lnient until II I- curiam Hint th. reault cannot ha obl'.tiu-d un.lcr the t'.Mial llu- 41. n aa It now la. The Inwa of Ihe t'ouarca. Rnd t.f III. aevel.l iiniea iiniierio, aa paa.e.i n l.v the eollfla. have realllted more often In ahowln. Hint the mute, hava no power In tli. mailer than Hint the Null. mill lluvarn-mi-tit hna i.iwer; an Hull th.ra at prcaenl lata a v.ry unfurl iiluitii t-omlltlon of tl.ln.a, Under which Ihcae Krent corporation dolii. an Inleialnte bualnena occupy the p.mlllon of ilhli.ila without .overcl.n, neither ny .inle overnment nor the Natl.m.l tlovern ment tiavlrilt eftocllv. conlrol over them, our irn.ly lni ahould he by lealalollon. caulhun y and carefully iindeiinken, but reaolutely p.raevered In, tn a..rt Iha aov.r.lnty of th. Jjntl.mal llnvarnniant by .fTlrm.llva .etlun. Trlla la only In form n Innov.llon. In .ubalanc. II lm m.r.ly . raaloratloBi for from ron. lualvi iy ii"" 11 1 r.v a... .1...... . . . k. ti.m H11.-I1 Puhlln ahould. Ill my Ju.lKl11. nl, l.e M .-om- .ui.r.o.i n.i . ia v 'i.. y,. ?. t. ! " "" "-v'r r ; .. r. V. by . a..r.-ndn whoa, jiiil.,11,- mllibina .ml r.r.ful .11 -vlalon. .Kr..- , ,, ia .r ,'i-"rl,y n "1v """, "' 1 "" mn,, rl ona-lluit I". I" " K...nl (lov- Hul, In n.y JuilKlli.hl, Ih. n...Hy for .lv lr. n l "II".. Ilinl thl. r.ul.llon n.1 ( Ihla further power ! by no meiilla i lu u. V ..I..11 .-en be oMitlm-d by Hi ia.t- m-t "a Hie heie.lty for .Ivlng the fom- up.iM.il. n inn ' if .1.1. r...... iiil..lon or .dinllil-tiiillve body Ih. other tOKI.I Ol IIIW t'J th tart If ( tlm such regulation of Influx trlHl activities he been recognised Id the ae Hum of th lawmaking bodies; and nil t ! t I propo ii t.v ntt th changed condition In su h manrivr aa will prevent the common wealth mI. Dialing Hi powir It has always pijaraeaed, not nniy in tlil country, but also In Kngland, before and since thl country be i.miiiv a eirals Nation, It liaa linen a misfortune Out th National law tin this subject have hitherto been of a negative r prohibitive miliar than an af nimallva kind, anil ailll more that they hav In pert sought tu prohibit what could nl he affectively prohibited, and hav In part In their pMihlhltlotie confounded what ahould be allowed and what should nt be allowed. It Is generally useless to try in prohibit all restraint on competition, what liar llila r airalttt ba reasonable or unreasonable; and whara It la nut useless It la generally hurtful. K van I a hava ihuwn thai It la not possible adequately tu secur tha enforcement of any law of ihla kind by incessant appeal to tha anuria. Tha Department of Juetle haa fir tha laat four yaara dvuid mor attention in tha enforcement nf tha anti-trust legisla tion than tn anything le. Much haa bn accomplished; particularly marked haa baa a t ha moral aflat' t of 1 h pt oscutlons ; but It la Increasingly evident that thara will he a vary nurn tnt bnnlnl raaull In iha way ut economic rhanaa. 1 successful prosecution of on davU to avada tha law Immadiataly develop anuthar davlra to c cuiupllh tha linn purpose, What la needed la nut sweeping prohibition of avary arrange ment, good or bad, which may land to ra aulrt ruinpaililon, but au h adequate super vision and regulation aa will pravant any re st hf tun of competition front being to tha delrim.ttt of tha publtoaa wall aa aurh supervision and regulation will pravant ulnar abuaaa In no way connected wllh ra alrlrllttn of competition. Uf these s buses, pet ha pa tha chief, although by no mini tha nly nn a, la over apiiellxailou-g.neielly It alf tha raaull of dtalioneat promotion be aua ut Iha rmrlad avila It brlnga tn Ita train ; for u h ovarrapltallailn of im nieana an Inflatlun that Inttcaa bualnaaa paitit?; it nlwa rumala tha irua relation nf Iha profit aaritfd tu ilia laplial actually Iti vaalcd. and II rraalaa a burdan of Inlaraat pninia whlrh la a fantla rauaa of lm ptfipor raduHin In or Hmliailon f wagaa; It damagaa tha amall linu.r, dtorouragaa Uirtft, and anrturaga gambling and apru latlon : whlla pcrhai'a wirat of ail la tha itlc-ktnaaa and dlhitiaaiy whbh It impiiaa -for harm to mrala la wora than any poa- Ihla barm l ttiaUrlal Itm-r-aia, and Iba d'baorhary of poU(t and bualnvaa by graal dihonat i'orHitailnna la far woraa than any a tut nt at "rial a II thy di tha public, t rttil tha National ttntarnrnfni ubtaiita. In mumm tnaniiar whlrh Iha wladom of iha f'tiligrvaa may auagrat, propar tontrol ovr tha big rorporatluna angagvd In inifraiaA rintTiri-a- that la, ovar tha gral MiaJ'rliy of tha big rurp.trattona.tt will b impa)Uia to dal ailjoatfly with thaaa avila. I am wall awara of iha flif nrutiiaa of iha IfgUtaiion that 1 am auggtating, and of tha d oi (ftnpri at and rauibua action tn j.r,unig II I ahould emphats. .My prot.at Kftini luiprMporiy raiiiai nr liaiy action niy mr ; of la'ainbrr O laal, tha limna tUmttt mMi pr.lr,g nrllit fmr m '. '. 11 '-n b. ir-.u..y ...rCi4 I ,h" "' j t,p (rH ronatilvfallnn to b kpt In mln4 u uiNt tl x.r h.ul.l r arnrttintlv nd : ahauttt t ltn In ini adnilnlilriill body rrrnc4 ,r , fnligrr ir UB ( th j ,rnt nirll f.nnmrcw rwramlil..n or ( a turirMli1 litlrriiKl I'on.m.rr I'om- rniliiit)r)i Uch f .minilltn huuld ti rn.l uomiuKarallr iliiilmtrllv. I dn not Ii ""am aal.llni toi..llllon. llh h.h It I. it.lral.la in il.al. In my Jmum.nl in. moat ( .... roni.ln la Ih.i r..nfrr.lng upon auina coin -Unt admlni.ua. Iw bod, Ih. powar io da. rlda. utiun Ih raw bring brought bafora It, ri'unq " nw .n -m ..ju... ih-n, after full invratlgatlon of tha romitlalnt. to Prarrlb th limit of rata hovnnd w hii h It hail not i lawful lo g"" tha maximum rraaunabl. rata, a. It i utmmonl) allrd ihU drrtalun to go Into !Yr-t within a rraonabla lima and lu from thritra on old, auliji t to r lrw hv ih. t-tturta. It aomrllmra happ.na at urnat-nt. not thai a rat la loo high, but n,nt a fnwirrd ahii-iMT la glvrn too low a raia. In wh rax Ih i rumla.i"n would ha. a iha right tu fli Ihta already r.tablllt-d minimum rat aa th maklmum; and It w.iuld ttrrd only ona or two aurh dt-i'lalona by th t nm mt . luii to cur raiirnaii com l MlI- nf ii,. ora.tl.a of aUlna imnroLtar rotnplaim and afiar ltir.tlgatlon. A heavy tMnliv ahould b ia led from any corpora- Hon wlilrti fall to reaprrt an urdar of tha nmintaton. 1 regard Ihla power to patah th a maximum rai aa being raaanllal to any ( heme of real reform In lh matter of Railway regulation, Th flr.i nerr.ally la to .niur It , and unieaa li ia granirq in in. cmmlon thara la little uaa In touching xixm puhjiot at all. f ln tlin ftorla of any one bl. alilppar or w ,.,,11 ,-,., to illa.'i Inilli.te uanllotl or aa- a, nnt H-. ovi-r aunt, rival; and aurh ,r;;,;.11,,' K t mnk. rnllrond. ih.m. a.lv.a uK.-hta for t-iifori-ln. Ih. law. 1 he powi-r .li-d In the tlovi-rnmi-nt to put . lop to Kl'i'"Ui.nta 10 lh. ni'irinii'iil or the powura 1 nav .i.u.o.ia.iu ., auu 11 may well be lliu.ln.al.le to .ll.nipt lo veal inui pnri.u.r p....r ... ...d . ... jollier aduilnlalriillia l.udy until It already poa.i.aaca mid la eaercleliiK what 1 ri-rrard na :ty fur the niu.t linportnnt power of all the I powera 1 .rcc.m.inend--na Indeed Ihe vitally Iiti purtutii power- that lo fl n .Ivim m.xj- tnuill fine, wnicn rnie, hiht 1.1. ..p.. ot a reasonable Hm., .oca Into full rffect, aub- t.ct to review l.y the court. All piivate-c.r llnoa, Induatrtnl roada, ra frliterntor i-haiitca nml tha Ilk. ahould ha ex pi'i'H.ly put un.li-r Hie aupervlBlon of the In. loretiite t'onituerce tomtnltialon or noma almllnr boify ao fur aa rntea, an.l agreement, praoth CHlly .ffei.tln. ralea, .ra concerned. The prl vatecnr owner, and Iha ownera of Indtiatrlal rallniAda are entitled to a fair and reuaon able uompeuaatlon tin their Inveatment, but neither private era nor Induatrl.l rallroada nor Mtiur track, .hould ba uttllaad .a devlcea for aacurln. pr.f.renll.l ratna, A rebat. In Icing ch.r..., or In mileage, or In . dlvl.lnn of Ui rat. for rafrlii.llng ch.rga. la Juat foi-mt. nf i.w. ii has often occurred mat a aa p.rnlcloua gg g rtbcU In any ethar war, No lowar rata ahould apply on gooda lmion ad than actually obtain on domcatlo guodi from iha Amaru an m mbtmrd to dmtlnatlon ag i;rpt In caaa whara watr oumpntltlun la tha controlling Influent:. Thar ahtmld b pub Ih'iiy of tha aoeount of otinmon carrier.; no common carrier .ngagad In Intttatat bualnaaa ahould knp any book! or memoranda other than thoaa report d purauant to law or rgu latlon, and tlntaa bookM or mvrnoranda ah(uld Ij opan to Ih lnaprilun of th Uovarmnent. tmly In Ihla way uan violations or avaaiona of th law b auraly da td. A ayatem of asamlnaiLtfi of railroad arrounta afiuuld b pmvided flm.'ar to that now uondui-tid Into tha National bank by tha bank iamlnr. a few Drat rlaaw railroad arcountanta. If they had propar dlrafth-n and prupar authority to liiap''t book a and papra could a:tmoliih much In pravantlng willful violation of tna law. It would not b nauaaaary fur them to aainln Into th anounta of any rallroao un la for good roaaona tbay war dlre:td U d mi by tha Jntrtata Com mart' Conim.a al'ifl. tt la greatly to ba dlrd that aom way might ba fuund by wblrh an agrninl aa to traiiattortallon wllhln a atata tntndd to oparata aa a fraud upon th fadaral inter, atat cornmartr. taw could ba brought utidrr th. jurladb'tlon or tha federal ant hurl Haa, At praaent It orrut that large Mliipmanta of fn tar atata traffla ar eonrollad by cmcaaiona fin purtly atata bualnaaa, wbl h at coura amounta to an .vaaloo of th law, Tha Com. mlaalon ahould hava puwr to vnforca fair treatment by th great Iruna llnoa of lateral and branch Drive. I urg upon th ong re tha nd of pro viding for aijitdliloua a-tln by tha internal Commerce Vmmllon la all the ma tiara, whether In regulating rale fur transportation mt fr etorlng r for handling property or rommottltlea tn transit. Tha hlatury of tha caaew litigated undr th .raent rotnmere a. t ahuwa that Ita rfThacy baa tten to a great degre deatrod by th weaion uf delay, at (mat iha moat formidable wei-jn In th hand uf thoe whoa purp-j tt la to viola I tha taw. Iat ma moat earnestly say that then rerorn mendatlnna ar not mad tn any enlrlt of h'atllliy to tha railroads On thP-al grounds, on grotiri'1 of rlgttt, aueh hostility would b Int'derahla; and on grounds of mre National elf-lntereat w must remember that aurh ho 1 1 III y would trl agatnet th welfare not mara iy uf son. few rich man, but of a multitude uf amall In vast on. a multitude of railway pmp)os. wagewuf kers; and moat ativrly against tha tnttreat uf th public aa a whol. I n.iifv ihat on th whol our rilrad have dona well and not III; but th railroad men who with to do well (should not ba xpod 10 c-n-tiltlon with thoa who hav no auh 4. elr. and tha only way to aarure thla and Is to give to sum Uuvram-nt tribunal th iw.war to ee that Justly Is don by tha un filing aa ilv as It ts gladly dona by tha willing. M-reover, If sum Uuvnimnt bty ka given tnr-reaaed power the etTat-t will b to furnish authuriiatlva anewer on behalf of th railroad whenever Irrational clamor against It la ralard. or whenever charge ma do agaln.t It ar dtaprovnd. I ak thla Icglslattun not only In lh. Interest of Ih publlr, but In th Intarv.t of th honest railroad man and tha hontM shipper alike, for tt ks they who at hlefly Jrot-arded by the pra ttra nf their dl hon.at comiivtltora. Thl leglalallon ahould ba era. led in a epirtt aa rrmol. a poealbie from hyat.rla and rancor. If wa th Anierl.an tenly .ltlc ar Irti. lo th. tradltlona w bar. Inherited wa ariall alwaye -.n .ny ef- fort to make ua hale any man twK-.ua. ha I II.-H. ju.t .a much aa w. ahould .com any effort to rr.aka us lo..k down upon or lr.at ... . . ' . L . ' . . t )"' - man ny nia conuuc.--r.i 1' ' man hu tiehavr decently, whether he mad his aucceaai by building or managing a ratlruail or by ah letting gitoJa over that rail road. The big railroad men and big shippers ar simply Amerbans of th ordinary typ who have developed to an extraordinary d grew certain great buetness qua lit lea. They ar neither bftter nor worse than their fellow cltlsens f smaller meanex They are merely mora abl tn certain lines and therefor es pd lo certain peculiarly elrng temptations. The temptations hav not sprung newly Into heing; th ei'-eptionslly sut'ceaitful among msn kind have always b-n espuerd to them; but they have grown amailngly In power aa a result of the ritraordlnary development of Industrial ism along new lines, and under these new eon dlthrtie. hlch tha lawmakers of old could not force and therefor could not nrovirt again.!, they hav becom ao serlouw and menacing as to demand entirely new remeJIes. It la in th Interest of th best type of rail road man and the best type of shipper no lerw than of th public that there should b tovernmental eti perv laton and regulation of the great business) operation, fur the asm reain that It Is in th Interest of th aur lect. If h make) hi fortun hone y. there dfalBC fcln lruwicy n4 JuVenlt offenders. I no jual rauaa of quarr with him In- handling of tha charitable work deed, wa hava nothing but the kindliest feel- J T IH.irlrL Moreover there should be Inge of a-lu.tratlon for th auccea-ful buelne J .rr0l!T' Jl A V! iwailon which wl.hea tfi treat Ms emnloieej,n whlrh lt u not aJr,ady authorised by es arlaht that there should be an effect iv em- ,t)ng law pm, era1 liability act. or an effective sy-tem of . f.n ' (h. rr0mmdtion I mad In iMMiera .n.Wtrnm1v.,rm.- ndorch,r;. lr::" 1,. drlv Into doing III, In order to compet Hh its rival. 1 1, which prefer to do 111. V ih delusion that the standard of profits. of bueririeM pr,warlty. ts wufftclent tn Judging any busineaa political queatKH. from rate " - " . " legl.latlot. to municipal government. Hu.lnew an be actually met In most cases only by aucceas whether for tha Individual or f.r th Ih themselves, but It Would b well Nsth.n.' Is a good thing only so far mm tt ts fr the Nation to endeavor to secure and accompanied by and develH' high atandard publish comprhenslv Information as to the if con.luct--honnr, Integrity. etlc coursge. I conditions of the labor of children In the The kind of buslnrew pn-siwrlty that blunt ' different states, so as to apur up those that the -tan. tan! f honor, that puts an Inordinate nr behindhand, and to secure approximate value on mere wealth; Ihat mekea a man ruth- ly uniform legislation of a high character rs and conscience). In tral and weak and ; among th several states, in such a republic cowardly tn cittsenetiip. ts not a good thing at all. but a very bad thing for tha Nation. This t.overnmenl stands for manhood Aral and for buslneaa only aa an adjunct of man- hood, Th queatlon of transportation lies nt tha root of all Industrial succe.a, and the revo lution In traniortatlon which has taken place during the last half century has been th mmi Important factor In the growth of th new Industrial conditions. Most em phatically we do not wish to see the man of great talents refused the reward for his talents. Htlll less do we wish to see him penalised; but we do desire to see the sys tem of railroad transportation so handled that the strong man shall be given no ad vantage over the weak man. We wish to Insure as fair treatment for lh small town aa for the big city; for th small shipper as fr the big shipper. In the old days the highway of conimioce, whether by water or by a road on land, was open to all: It be longed to the public and th traffic along It was free. At present the railway la this highway, and We must do our best to see ihat It is kept open to all on equal terms, I'nllke the old highway It Is a very difficult and complex thing in manage, and tt Is far better that It should be managed by prl vattt Individuals than by the tloverntnent. Hut It fan only be so managed on condi tion that Justice Is done the public. It Is because. In my Judgment, public ownership of railroads I highly undealrable and would probably In this country entail far-reaching disaster, that 1 wlnh to see such supervision and regulation of them In the Interrst of the public us will ntuke It evident that there no tired for putuit owneraiwp. in op ponents of liovernment regulation dwell upon the difficulties to he encountered nnd the lntrh-.it and Involved nature of the problem. Their contention la true. It ts a omplli-atrd and de Urate prop u-m. and nil kind, of difficulties are sure to arise In con nection with any plan of solution, while no plan will bring all the benefits hoped for by Us more opllniiMlo adherents. Moreover, under tuiy healthy plnn, the brnetHg will develop gradually ami not mphlly. Kl nnlly, we must clrnrly ntidcrstiind that the public servunts who are to do tht peculiarly responsible ami dellcnte work muni . them selves be of the hljihent type both as re gards integrity and efllclency. They must be well p Id, for otherwise able men cannot In the long run be secured; and they must Powkchh a lofty probity which will revolt as quickly nt the thought of pondering to any gu-tt of popular prejudice n Kit Inst rich men as at the thought of anything even remotely rear mldlng subserviency to rich men. Hut while 1 fully admit the dtrru-ultlea In the way, I do not for a moment admit that these difficulties warrant us In stopping in our effort to secure a wIm and Just system. They should have no other effect than to spur us on to the exerciae of the resolution, iha even-handed Justice, and the fertility of resource, which wo like to think of as typically Amerlctin, and which will In the ettd achieve good results In this as In other fields ot activity. The taak l a great one and underlies th tusk of dealing with the whole industrial problem. Hut the fact that It Is a great problem does not warrant us in shrinking flora the attempt to solve It. At present we face such utter lack of super vision, such freedom front the restraints of law, that excellent men have often been literally forced Into doing what they de plored because otherwise they were left nt the mercy of unscrupulous competitors, to rail nt and assail the men who have dona as they best could under such conditions ae compllahea little. What wa need to do is to develop an orderly aystem; and such a sys tem can only come through the gradually Increased exercise oC tha right oi efttcleut Qovarnment control. ffafntf Applli In my annual message to thg Fifty-eighth Congrssa, at its third saasiun, I calisd attan Hon to th celty for legislation rtqulr log tha us. of block signals upon railroads engaged In Interstate corn men. Tha num ber of serious collisions upon unblockad roads that hava occurred within the past year adds force to the recommendation than made, Tha Corigr should provide, by ap propriate legislation, for the Introduction of block signals upon all raJlreads engaged In Interstate commerce at tha earliest practi cable data, as a mesmir ot Increased safety to tha traveling public. Through daclslons of th Huprame Court of the United Htatas and tha lower Kedaral courts In caa brought bafora them for adjudication th safety-appliance law has bean maiorlally strengthened, and the Gov ernment haa been enabled to secure Its effective enforcement In almost all caecs, with th result that tha condition of rail road equipment throughout tha country la much Improved and railroad employes per form their duties und.r safer conditions than heretofore. Tha Government's most effective aid in arriving at this result haa bn Ita Inspsriton service, and that thee Improved conditions nr not mora general Is due to the Insufficient number of inspectors em ployed. The Inspection arvlc. has fully demonstrated tta usefulness, and In appro priating fur Ita maintenance the Congress should make provision for an Increase In th number of Inspectors, Hour of Labor of Railroad KmpJoye. Tha grsslve hours of labor to which rail road employes In train service are In many case subjected Is alo a matter which may wall engage the eerloua attention of the Congr. The strain, both mental and physical, upon thoa who nr engaged In the movement and operation of railroad train under modern conditions la perhaps greater lhan that whlrh exlats In any other lndu.try, and If there axe any r aeons for limiting by law the hours of labor In any employ ment, they certainly apply with peculiar .'orce to the employment of those upon whose Igllanc and alertness In the performance of their duties tha safety of all who travel by rail depends, KmployerV JMnfallttr Igtr. In my annual message to tha Fifty-seventh Congress, at Its second sens I on, I rec ommended the passage of an employes' lia bility law for the District of Columbia and In our Navy-Yarda. I renewed that recom mendation In my meesaga to tha Fifty eighth Cong ran, at Its second sens Ion, and further suggested the appointment of a com mlaalon to make a comprehensive study of employers' liability, with a vlw to the en actment of a wis and constitutional law cove.rlng the subject, applicable to all In dustries within th scop of th Federal power. I hop that such a law will be pre pared and enacted aa speedily as possible. I-Abor. Th National Government ha as a rule but lltti occasion to deal with the for midable group of problems connected more or less directly with what ts known as th tatror question, for in th great majority or emmvm the, problem muat ba deal with by , tha at.t. and municipal authorities .nd not ty th National liovernment, Th National j uovernm.nt haa control of the Ulatrlct of t'olumbta, however, and It ahould aea to It that the City of Waahlnglon I. mad. . imod cr , r.,p.et., both .a regard, p .rk. puol0 piaygrounda. proper regulation of the e-y.tem of housing ao aa to do away j with th .Vila of alley tenements, a proper proper factory laws to pre1 the employment of women and children In the District These will be useful chiefly aa object leaeons, but even this limited amount of usefulness would ba ot real National value. There has been demand for depriving court of the power to Issue Injunctions In labor disputes. Huch special limitation of the equity powers of our court would be most unwl.e. It Is true that some judges have misused thla power; but that does not Justify a denial of th power any more than an Improper exercise of the power to rail a strike by a labor leader would Justify the denial of the right to strike. The remedy Is to regulate the procedure by requiring the Judge to glv due notice to the adverse partlea before granting the writ, tha hear ing to be ea parte If the adverse party does not appear at the time and plar ordered. What Is due notice must depend upon the facta of tha rase; tt should not be used as a pretest to permit violation of law, or the Jeopardising of life or property. Of course, this would not authorise th Issuing of a restraining order or Injunction In any ca.e , ft.nrw (he rer0mmndat!on znix ' an lnvestlga Commerce and r, ' . ,.J,, - ' . .77. A" V" ...-.T" k ln . eount the various problems whl.'h the question of child labor is as ours the one thing that we cannot afford to neglect Is th problem of turning out de cent clttxena. The future of the Nation de pends upon the cltlienshlp of the genera tions to come: th children of today are thoa who tomorrow will shape the destiny of our land, and we cannot afford to neglect them. The legislature of Colorado has rec ommended that the National (lovernment provide some general measure for the pro tection from abuse of children and dumb animals throughout the I'nlted Mates, I lay the matter before you for what 1 trust will be your favorable consideration. The Department of Commerce and Labor should also make a thorough Investigation of the conditions of women tn Industry. Over 5.000. (HK American women are now engaged In gainful occupations; yet there Is an al most complete dearth of data upon which to bae any trustworthy conclusions as re gards a m:bject as Important as It Is vast and complicated. There ts need of full knowledge on which to base action looking toward at ate and municipal legislation for the protection of working- women. The In troduction of women into Industry Is work ing change and disturbance In th domestic and social life of the Naiton. The decrease In marriage, and especially In the birth rate, baa been coincident with It. We ntust face accomplished facts, and th adjustment to factory conditions must be made; but surely It can be made with tess friction and less harmful effet ts on family life than Is now the case. This whole matter In reality forms one of the greatest sociological phe nomena of our time; It Is a social question -if the first Importance, of far greater Im port anee than any merely political or eco nomic queatlon can be; and to solve It we need ample data, gnthered tn a sane and sclentlMc spirit in the course of an ex haustive tin em lg ul Ion, Insurance, The great insurance com pan tea afford strik ing example of corporation whose business has extended tar beyond the Jurisdiction of j the states which created them as to preclude ' strict enforcement of supervision and rent ti la- thm by the parent slates. In my last an nual nioanHge I recommended "that the Con- j grcas carefully consider whether the power of . the bureau of ciroiatli). cannot constltu- tlonally be extended to cover interstate trans actions tn Insurance." He-cent events ha.ei ttcter of Insurance, for In the absence of emphasised the importance of an early and ex- i haunt He consideration of this quest hm, to , see whether it Is not poaslble to furnish bet- ' ter safeguards than the several mute, have t been able to furnish aaatnst corruption of ; the flagrant kind w hich has been exposed. It ' haa been only too clearly shown that certain of the men at the head of these large cor- j poratlon take but small note of th ethtcab; distinction between honesty and dishonesty;' they draw the line only thla aide of what may be called law honeeiy. the kind of honesty j necessary In order to avoid railing Into the ' clutches of the law. Ot coursw the only com. plot remedy for this condition must be found tn an aroused public conscience, a higher senso of ethical conduct in the community at large, and especially among business men and in the great profession of the law, and In the growth of a spirit which condemns all dishonesty, whether In rich man or In poor man, whether tt takes the shape of bribery or of blackmail. Hut much can be done by legislation which ts not only drastic but practical. There. Is need of a far stricter and more uniform regulation of the vast Insurance Interests of this country. Th Vnlted States nhould In this respect follow the policy of other ntlon by providing ade quate national supervision of commercial In terests which are clearly National In char acter. My predecessors have repeatedly recog nised that th foreign business of these com panic la an Important part of our foreign com mercial relations, During the administrations of Preattdents Cleveland, Harrison nnd Mo system of education, a nrnurr aystem ot Klnlay tha fit ate Department exardeed Its In fluanc, through diplomatic channels, to pre v.tfii unjust discrimination by foreign c"un tries against American Insurance companies. These negotiation Illustrated th propriety of the Congress recognising tha National char federal legislation th Hist l pa rime nt could only glv expiaesflon to the wishes of the au thorities of the Sttveral states, whose policy was Ineffective through want of uniformity. I repeat my urevpus recommendation that th Congress should also consllr whether the Federal Government has any power or owae any duty with reelect to domestic transactional In In.uianc of an Interstate character. That atat supervision has proved Inadequate la generally conceded. The burden upon Insur ant companies, and therefore their policy holders, of conflicting r-guiatlona of many states, la unquestioned, whll but little ef fective check fca Imposed upon any able and unscrupulou man who desire to exploit the C'mipsny In his own Interest at Iba expense of th policy holder and of th public. Th Inability of a stata to regulate affectively In surance corporations created under tha lawa or other states and transacting the larger part of their business clawwhere Is also clear. An a remedy ' this evil of conflicting. Ineffective and t burdensora regulations there haa been for many y rs a widespread demand, for r raerai vupervi.ion. i ne ongre na i rwady recognised that tnterstat Irsauranc may be a proper subject for federal legisla tion, for in creating the Bureau of Corpora tions! It authorised It to publish and suooly useful Information concerning Interstate cor pora Done, "including corporations engaged In Insurance.' It Is obvious that If the com pilation of statistics be the limit of tb Fed eral power It Is wholly Ineffective to regu late this form of commercial intercourse iw. t ween th state, and as the Insurance bust, ne has outgrown In magnitude the possibil ity of adequate state supervision, the Con gress should carefully consider whether fur ther leslanatlon can be had. What Is said above applies with equal force to fraternal and benevolent organisations which contract for lus Insurance. The Renews. There la mora need of stsbillty than of th attempts to attain an ideal perfection in the methods of raising revenue; and the shoes ana strain to ths business world cer tain to attend any serious chang in these methods render such Changs Inadvisable un less for grav reason. It Is not possible to lay down any general rule by which to determine the moment when th reasons for will outweigh th reasons against such a change. Much must depend, not merely on the needs, but on the desire of th popie us a whole; for needs and destree are not necessarily Identical. Of course no change can be made on lines beneficial to, or desired by, one section or one state only. There must be something like a general agreement among the citizens of the several states, as represented In tha Congress, that tha change Is needed and desired in the Interest of the people as a whole; and there should then be a sincere. Intelligent, and disinterested effort to make It In such shape as will combine, so far as possible, the msximum of good to the pcr-ple at Isrge with the mlnmum of neces sary dlsregsrd for the special interests of localities or classes. But In time of peace the revenue must on the average, , taking a series of years together, equal the expendi tures or else the revenues must be Increased. Last year there was a deficit. Unless our expenditures can be kept within the rev enue then our revenue laws must be read justed. It Is aa yet too early to attempt to outline w hat shape such a readjustment should take, for It ts as yet too early to say whether there, will be need for It. It should be considered whether It Is not deslrbsle that the tariff laws should provide for applying as against or tn favor of any other nation maximum and minimum tariff rates established by the Congress, so as to secure a certain reci procity of treatment between other nations and ourselves. Having In -view even larger considerations of pollc than those of purely economic nature. It would. In my judgment, be well to endeavor to bring about closer commercial connections with the other peoples of this continent. I am happy to be able to announce to you that Husila now treats us on the most-favored-nation basis. onoiny in Expewdltorea, I earneatly recommend to th Congress the need of economy and to thla end of n rigid scrutiny of appropriations. As exsm pies merely, I cal your attention to one or two specific matters. All unnecessary offices should be abolished. Tha Commissioner of the General Land Office recommends the abolishment of the office of receiver of pub lic moneys for United States land offices. This will effect a saving of about a quar ter of a million dollars a year. As the busi ness of the Nation grows It Is Inevitable that there should be from time to time t legitimate Increase tn the number of offi cials, and this fact renders It all the more Important that when offices become unneces sary they should be abolished. In the pub lic printing also a large saving of public money can be made. There ts a constantly growing tendency to publish masses of un important Information. It is probsbly not unfttir to say that many ten of thousands of volumes are published at w hich no human being ever looks and for which there is no real demand whatever. Yet, in speaking of economy, X must In no wise be understood as advocating the falne economy which la In the end the worst extravagance. To cut down on ths Navy, for Instance, would be a crime against the Nation. To fall to push forward all work on the Manama Canal would be as great a folly. Currency. In my message of December 2, 1902, to the. Congress I said: "Interest rates are a potent factor In busl. ness activity, and in order that these rates may be equalised to meet the varying needs of the seasons and of widely separated com munities, and to prevent the recurrence of financial stringencies which Injuriously affect legitimate business. It Is necessary that there should be an element of elas ticity in our monetary system. Banks ar the natural aervants of commerce, and upoc them should be placed, as far as practica ble, the burden of furnishing and maintain ing a circulation adequate to supply the needs of our diversified Industries and of our domestic and foreign commerce; and the Isrue of this should be so regulated that sufficient supply should be always available for the business Interests of the country." Kvery consldergtlon of prudence demands the addition of the element ot elasticity to our currency system. The evil does not con sist In an Inadequate volume of money, but in the rigidity of this volume, which does not respond as It should to the varying needs of communities and of sessons. infla tion must be avoided; but some provision should be made that w 111 Insure a larger volume of money during the Kali and Win ter months han In the !ss active seasons of th year; so that the currency will con tract against speculation, and will expand for the needs of legitimate business. At present the Treasury Department Is nt Irregularly recurring intervals obliged. In th interest of the bujdness world that ts, in the interests of the American public to try to avert financial crises by providing a rem edy which should be provided by Congres sional action. Bualneaa Methods tn leepaxtmenta. At various times I have Instituted Investi gations into the organisation and conduct of the huslllees of the Kxecutlve Departments. While none of thewe inquiries have yet pro gressed far enough to warrant final con clusions, they have already confirmed and emphanlied the gruM-l impression that the organisation of the departments Is often faulty In principle and wasteful in results. while many of thetr business methods are antiquated and Inefficient. There ts every reason why our executive governmental ma chinery should be at least as well planned, economical and efficient as th best ma chinery of the great business organisations, which at present la not the case. To make It no is a task of complex detail and essen tially executive in Its nature; probably no legislative body, no matter how wise and able, could undertake it with reasonable prospect of success. 1 recommend that the Congress consider this subject with a view to provide by legislation for the transfer, distribution, consolidation, and assignment of duttcs and executive organisations or parts of organisations, and for the changes in business methods, within or between the several departments, that will best promote the economy, efficiency, and high character of the Government work. In my last annual message I said: Federal tClectlons. "The power of the Government to protect the Integrity of the elections of Its own offi cials is inherent and has been recognised and affirmed by repeated declarations of the Supreme Court. There la no enemy of free government more dangerous and none so insidious as the corruption of the electorate. No one defends or excuses corruption, and It would seem to follow that none would oppose vigorous measures to eradicate tt. 1 recommend the enactment ot a law directed against bribery and corruption In Federal elections. The details ot such a law may be safely left to the wise discretion of C. Congress, but It should go aa far as under tha Constitution H la possible to go, and should Include save- pensltles against hint who gives or receives a bribe Intended t Influence his act or opinion as an elector; and provisions for the publication not only of the sxpendltures for nominations ana elections of ail candidates, but also of all contributions rcivd and expenditures made by political committees," I dealra to r'p"t this recommendation. In political campaigns In n country aa largo and populous as ours It Is Inevitable thai th-rj should be much cxpenas of aa entirely leg'. .mat kind. This, of course, means that many contributions, and soma of them ot larg slxe, must be made, and, as matter ot fact. In any big political contest such contributions are always made to both sides. It ts entirely proper both to glv and re ceive them, unless there Is an Improper mo tive connected with either gift or reception If they ar extorted by any kind of pressor or promise, express or implied, direct or in direct, in th way of favor or Immunity, then the giving or receiving becomes not only Improper but criminal. It will un doubtedly be dlfflcjH ss a matter of prac tical detail to shape an act which shall guard with reasons ble certainty against such misconduct; but If It 1 posslbls to secure by law tin full and verified publication In detail of all th sums contributed to nnd extended by the candidates or committees of any political partlea the result cannot but be wholesome. All contributions by corpor ations to any political committee or for any political purpose should bm forbidden by law. directors should not b permitted to u stockholders' money for such purposes; and, moreover, i prohibition of this kind would be, as far as It went, an effecttv method of stopping the avl is aimed at in corrupt practices acts. No only should both th National and the several Btat Legis latures forbid any officer of a corporation from using th money of the corporation la or about any election, tut they ahould also forbid such use of money In connection with any legislation save by th employment of counsel in public manner for distinctly legal services. The Hagjun Coafemsrw. The first conference of nations held at Th Hague in 1U, being unabi to dispose of all the business before It, recommended th consideration and settlement of a number of Important questions by another conferenc to be called subsequently and at an early date. These questions were the following: 1 The rights and duties of neutrals; lit) th limitation of the armed forcea on land and sea, and of military budgets; (3) th us of new types and calibers of military and naval guns; (4 th inviolability of prl vat property at sea In times of war; (5 th bombardment of ports, cities nnd villages by naval forces. In October, 1P04, at th in stance of th Interparliamentary Union which, at a conference held In tb United States and nttended by the lawmakers of 19 d 1ft i rent nations, haa reiterated th demand for a second conferenc of nations, I Issued Invltsticns to all ths powers signatory to -The Hague convention to send delegates to such a conference and suggested that It b again held at Tb Hague, In Ua not of Decern bei 10, tWM, th United States Gov ernment communicated to th representa tives of foreign governments its belief that th conference could be bast arranged ua d?r the provisions of tb present Hsgu treaty. From all the powers accentanc wag re ceived, coupled In soott-caairs with th con dition that we ahould watt until th end of the war then waging between Russia and Japan. The Emperor of Russia, immediately after the treaty of peace which so hsoplly terminated this war. In not presented to the Pre. dent on September 13, through Am bassador Kosen. took the initiative In recom mending that the conference be now called. The United State Government, In response, expressed ius cordial acquiescence and staled that It would, aa a matter ot course, tak part In the new conference and endeavor to further lie alma. We assume that all civilised governments will support the movement, and that the conference Is now an assured fact. This Government will do everything In Its) rower to secure the success of the confer ence to the end that substantial progress may be made In the cause ot international peace. Justice and good will. During the last century there has been a distinct diminution tn the number of wars between the moss, civilised nations. Interna tional relation hav. become closer, and tb development of The Hague tribunal la not only a symptom of this growing closeness of re lationship, but Is a means by which the grow its can be furthered. Our aim should be from time to time to take such steps as may box possible toward cresting something like aa organisation of the civilised nationa. because as the world becomes more highly ores n tied the need for navies and armies will diminish. It Is not possible to secure anything like an Immediate disarmament, because it would first be necessary to aettl what peoples am on the whole a menace to the rest of tna kind, and to provide against ths disarmament of the rest being turned Into a movement which would really chiefly benefit these ob noxious peoples; but It may be possible to exercise some check upon th tendency to swell Indefinitely the budgets for military ex penditure. Of course such an effort could suc ceed only if tt did not attempt to do too much; and if it were undertaken in a spirit of sanity as far removed as possible from a merely hysterical pseudo-philanthropy. It is) worth while pointing out that since the end of tha Insurrection tn the Philippines this Nation has ahown ita practical felth in the policy of dt armament by reducing ita little Army oo third. But disarmament con never be of prim Importance; there Is more need to get rid of the cause of war than of tb Implement of war. The Monro) Doctrine. One of the moat effective Instruments foe peace ts the Monroe Doctrine, as it ha been and la being gradually developed by thla No tion and accepted by other nation. No other policy could have been a efficient In pro moting peace in the Western Hemisphere anil In giving to each nation thereon the chanc to develop along Its own lines. If we had re'used to apply the doctrine to changing con ditions It would now be completely outworn, would not meet any of the needs of the pres ent day, and Indeed would probably by this time have sunk Into complete oblivion. It In useful at home, and Is meeting with recogni tion abroad because we hav adapted our application of it to meet the growing and changing needs of the hemisphere. When wa announce a policy, such as the Monroe Doc trine, we thereby commit ourselves to th con- aequencea of the policy, and those consequence from time to time alter. it in out oi to question to claim a right and yet shirk th responsibility for Its exercise. Not only wa, but all American republic who are benefited by the existence of the doctrine, must recog nise the obligation) each nation la under as regards foreign peoples no less than Its duty to insiat upon Its own rights. That our rights and interests are deeply concerned In the maintenance of th doc- rine Is no clear as hardly to need argument. This Is especially true In view of the con struction of the Panama Canal. As a mere matter of self-defense we must exer cise a close watch over the approaches to hts canal; and this meana that we muat ba thoroughly alive to our Interests In th Caribbean Sea. Santo Domingo. Santo Domingo, In her turn, has now made an appeal to us to help her, and not only every principle of wisdom but every generou instinct within us cms us respond to tne ap peal. It is not of the slightest consequence whether we grant the aid needed by Santo IKtmtngo as an incident to the wise develop ment tf the Monroe Doctrine, or because wa regard the case of Santo Domingo aa stand ing wholly by itself, nnd to be treated aa such, and not on general principles or with iSSE Important point Is to give the needed aid, ?M and the case Is cert.Mnly sufficiently peculiar to deserve to be judged purely on Its nwoJf merits. The conditions In Santo Doming have for a number of years grown trom bajf to worse until a year ago all society was o( the verge of dissolution. Fortunately, Ju;.t at this time a ruler sprang up In Sant 1 Domingo, who, with hts colleagues, saw th danger threatening their country and ap pealed to the friendship of the only great and powerful neighbor who possessed th power, and as they hoped also the will to help them. There was imminent danger of foreign intervention. The previous rulers of Santo Domingo had recklessly Incurred debts, and owing to her internal disorder she had ceaed to be able to provide mean of paying the debts. The patience of her foreign creditors had become exhausted, and at least two foreign nations were on th point of Intervention, and were only pre vented from intervening by the unofficial as surance of this Government that It would itself, strive to help Santo Domingo In her hour of need. In the case of one of thes nations, only the actual opening ot negotia tions to this end by our Government pre vented the selture ot territory In Santo Do mingo by a European power. Of the debt incurred some were just, while some wer not nf a charactei which really renders It obligatory1 bn,.e proper for, Santo Doming to pay them In ' fall. But she could not pay any of them uniss some stability wag assured her government', and people. Accordingly the Execuhva Department of our Government negotiated treaty under wnicn w or to try to help ,th Dominica j -iWb.iUaj.laajj r