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Historian tells how Russia
struggled with communism
■ Igor Yefimov brings his
firsthand experience to bear
on the reasons for the fall of
communism in Russia
By Hank Hager
Oregon Daily Emerald
Communism was never in a po
sition to succeed, declared noted
Russian historian Igor Yefimov in a
speech Friday at the Knight Li
brary.
More than 30 people attended
the lecture, entitled “The Fall of
Communism 10 Years Later: What
Do We Now Know About This
Mystery?” despite the sunny May
weather.
Yefimov said communism was
never economically viable, and it
essentially ended because of the
military generals’ revolution. Often
it is assumed the government had
the final say concerning the end of
communism. Yefimov added that
the United States never truly un
derstood the problems the former
Soviet Union was facing.
He came to the United States in
1998 and has since written books
and articles on several subjects, in
cluding physics and the Soviet
economy. He also owns New Jer
sey-based Hermitage Publishers.
Yefimov, who was an engineer
for the most of his life in Russia,
said dual authorities ran the coun
try, composed of the military and
the government. But, he said, the
government ran it poorly.
Yefimov said people were put
into jobs for which they were not
qualified. To further compound
the problem, communism encour
aged equality among everyone,
and because of this, he said, pro
auction was poorly managed.
With communism, “you have no
way of controlling your individual
production,” he said. “That is one
of the reasons why socialism was
guaranteed economic failure.”
Yefimov said a market economy
is more effective because choices
are entrusted to people who are
better qualified to make decisions.
“You have to make decisions,
and the market system allows soci
ety to decide about people who
can make the right decision,” he
said.
{ { What [students] hear is
a person who has been
gripped in Russian
language, literature and
culture in the last 10 years,
Alan Kimball
director,
Russian and East European
Studies Center
He said Americans were wrong
to believe communism was a well
run and powerful force. He said
the United States often overesti
mated the level of competence in
the Soviet Union.
The military essentially ended
communism, Yefimov said, which
led to the end of the Cold War and
the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1991.
“The race of military technology
was very effective in bringing total
disappointment [to Russia],” he
said.
He cited two military defeats
that led nine of the country’s gen
erals to create a revolution and
“lay down arms instead of raising
them.” In 1982, during the war in
Lebanon, Russian-made fighter
planes flown by Syrians were shot
down by American and Israeli pi
lots at an alarming rate, Yefimov
said. The Israelis lost no planes, he
said, while the Syrians lost ap
proximately 300 jets. Then during
the Gulf War in 1991, American
helicopters destroyed Russian
made tanks used by Saddam Hus
sein.
These two incidents, in Yefi
mov’s opinion, showed the incom
petence of Russia’s military tech
nology, which led to the generals’
revolution and the end of commu
nism.
Yefimov is the 2001 Marjorie
Lindholm Professor of Russian
Language, Literature and Culture.
During the spring term, he will be
teaching a Russian course at the
University.
Alan Kimball, director of the
University’s Russian and East Eu
ropean Studies Center, said Yefi
mov is a welcome addition, and
students can get a perspective from
Yefimov’s speech they can’t find
anywhere else.
“What [students] hear is a per
son who has been gripped in Russ
ian language, literature and culture
in the last 10 years,” Kimball said.
Senior Jeremy Montz said he be
lieves the study of the fall of com
munism is important.
“Every day we get new informa
tion about what is going on over
there in Russia,” he said. “I know
so little that everything I do find
out increases my understanding.”
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