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About Oregon daily emerald. (Eugene, Or.) 1920-2012 | View Entire Issue (July 13, 1976)
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Teach a SEARCH Course Fall Deadline : September 6 SEARCH Suite I EMU 686-4377 Pncro ft -Tour kicks off anti-initiative fight General Electric puts Trojan on parade By E G. WHITE-SWIFT Of the Emerald Watch out, the pros and cons are coming. Promising to spend whatever it takes to defeat the nuclear initia tive that will appear as Ballot Measure No. 9 in the November election, officials of Portland General Electric (PGE) unoffi cially opened their campaign against the initiative during an open house for the press at Tro jan nuclear plant Friday. The Trojan's heart was un locked for the Oregon media to "familiarize" themselves with the operation of Oregon s only nuc lear plant. Instead of the soldiers of Troy rushing out of the Trojan horse, as in the Greek myth, the unlocking of Oregon’s Trojan re vealed the bombardment of favorable facts about nuclear power Security at the plant, radiation control, environment safety, and emergency back-up systems were carefully and repeatedly stressed The tour conveniently coin cided with a plant shut down for the summer (due to favorable supply of water and hydroelectric energy). The press saw first-hand areas that are usually off-limits to the public or unaccessable when the radioactive fuel rods are pro ducing the heat that is converted to steam to power the plants 210-foot generator. PGE, the major owner of the plant, operates the plant under contract from the other owners, Pacific Power and Light and the Eugene Water and Electric Board. Plant officials state that the nuclear workhorse was built in record time and the occassional start-up problems that made V. front-page news all spring were fairly normal for any type of ther mal plant. The officials are convinced that nuclear power is the answer to the electrical energy crisis that is coming down the road. All utilities are confronted by the problem of providing power on line when the public demands it. As they have to plan for maximum use at any given time rather than average consumption, they must build larger plants that drive the cost of energy up. PGE officials stated they feel the public will reject the nuclear initiative this fall. They intend to point out to the public that if it wants the lights to stay on it will have to support energy, in particu lar, nuclear development Energy conservation will not halt the energy growth and demand, they say, and coal requires heavy use analysis of fossil fuels and may be en vironmentally difficult to develop on a large scale The fall campaign will probably convince the voters that nuclear development has enough safeguards It would be hard to prove otherwise after reviewing the endless safeguards built into the $460 million plant One official estimated that there is over $100 million in safeguards built into the radiation control network There are separate water sys tems with filters and monitors to prevent water pollution. There is the 499-foot cooling tower that prevents air contamination along with the steam emissions Every inch of the plant appears to be monitored for radiation leaks that automatically light up and sound alarms on the Star-trek control boards in the operations center it appears to be programmed for any conceivable fail-safe acci dent The larger question is whether or not the voters will vote for the nuclear initiative with their pock etbooks as their reference The consumer may find the cost of nuclear power prohibitive when it comes time to pay the electric bill Although the utility officials promote safety, reliance and en vironmental control in their public ity materials, they appear to ig nore some of the larger economic questions What the consumer must consider in dollars and cents: •About one-fourth of the con struction costs were in environ mental safeguards Although an alternative generating facility would have environmental quality and pollution safeguards, once they were installed there would not be the continuous yearly ex penditures on security checks, labor hours lost while workers dress in radiation preventative clothing and hours lost while workers are scanning themselves at the checkpoints to see if they have picked up any contami nants Officials stated that Trojan wtH need 115 employes full time, about double what they originally estimated, because of tightened federal and state regulations A coal plant was estimated to re quire about 150 employes, but many of them would be semi skilled coal handlers •PGE officials also stated that Photo by Greg Wasson This senes of stainless steel pipes feeds steam into Trojan's 210 foot-long generator. The generator is the largest single-shafted model in the world, and at full speed will produce 1,100 mega watts, twice the power generated at Bonneville dam. the annual refueling cost would be about $10 million. Although they dismiss rumored uranium shor tages as unfounded (comparing the art of uranium exploration with the early explorations for oil re serves in the 1890s), they do view the cost of uranium as unpredict able but most likely increasing •The consumer should also be concerned with the statement that the life of Trojan is only 40-50 years The implication is that after expending all those dollars for the initial capital-intensive construc tion, we will have to face more capital outlays in the relatively near future PGE officials were not sure whether Trojan was re cyclable, and had no idea what would be done with the site when it was no longer operable. In November, the voter s will have to weed through the barrage of pros and cons interrupting their conceptions of energy and economics The ballot measure will offer each Oregon voter a chance to indicate priorities of our energy development. / Dangers of pills, IUD turn more women to diaphragms By KATHY CRAFT Of the Emerald Remember the diaphragm? Your mother probably used it. You, no doubt, first encountered the dome-shaped, rubber device while rumaging through her dresser draw ers as a curious kindergartener. But if you’re like many “modem'’ college students, that was, perhaps the extent of your experience with this pre-pill method of contraception. After all, nobody uses those old fashioned things today, right? Wrong. Throughout the nation, more and more women are aban doning their pills and forsaking their lUDs in favor of the older, safer diaphragm. Eugene women are no exception. Spokespersons for Plan ned Parenthood, Lane County Fam ily Planning and the University and Lane Community College (LCC) stu dent health centers all agree: after disappearing from the limelight for over a decade, the diaphragm is stag ing a definite comeback. “Although there are still a lot of girls utilizing pills and lUDs, I think use of diaphragms is increasing," says Kathy Wunderlick, nurse dinician at the University Health Center’s Family Planning Clinic (see related story on Page 12). Other nurses at the center concur, adding that the number of women asking for diaphragms has particularly risen during the last year. Staff parsons at the other birth control clinics are more emphatic concerning the renewed popularity of the “old standby." “There’s been an incredible in crease in the number of women re questing diaphragms,’’ explains Linda Paseman, family planning nurse-practitioner at the LCC clinic. “This spring, in fact, we saw more women for diaphragms than for pills.” Linda Reynolds, a nurse popularity ts generally attributed to two basic factors — increased pub licity concerning the dangers in volved with oral contraceptive and IUD use, and a desire on the part of many women to practice a more "natural” form of birth control (The only physical side effect associated with the diaphragm is possible irrita tion from the contraceptive jelly used with the device; this problem can be remedied, however, simply by choosing a different brand of jelly) ‘I’d gotten pregnant with lUDs, and pills were turning my face brown.’ specialist at the Lane County Family Planning Clinic, echoes Paseman's statements. “We're fitting more diaphragms these days than we re prescribing pills,” she says. And at Planned Parenthood, the situation is much the same. Two years ago, according to director, Kaye Turner, -pproximately five out of every irj patients requested diaphragm . “Now 20 per cent or more are Uv mg them,” she explains. “The trend is definitely away from pills.” The diaphragm's sudden boost in “More women are turning to diaphragms because they're scared of pills and lUDs,” Turner explains. "And they're also choosing the diap hragm because they feel it is more natural, less interruptive for their bodies.” Paseman and Reynolds agree. "Women are tired of methods that make them sick and have unknown effects on their systems," Paseman claims. “They're more more aware of their bodies and concerned about their health these days," Reynolds adds. ■ to «onu Another factor involved with the increased use of the diaphragm is recent evidence indicating it is ap proximately 98 per cent effective when used properly, comparable with rates for pills and lUDs. Basi cally, using a diaphragm property simply means using it period — it is generally agreed most "diaphragm babies" are the result of the device being left on the bathroom shelf or at the bottom of a purse during inter course. As Wunderlick points out, "You have to use the diaphragm every single time — you've got to be really motivated." Frequently, that motivation is as sociated with women who are more mature with their sexuality, espe cially those who, after using pills or lUDs, found it necessary to choose a different contraceptive. “Success with the diaphragm depends com pletely on one's state of mind," exp lains Paseman. “Women who've had bad experiences with pills or lUDs are really gung-ho about the diaphragm and anxious to use it cor rectly." Younger women, seeking a contraceptive for the first time, may “turn their noses up at it," she ob serves. Wunderlick agrees that "older women" are generally better candi dates for the diaphragm, and Turner concurs. "A certain frame of mind is definitely necessary for using the diaphragm," she believes. “You must be at ease with your body, and I Oregon Daily Emerald think it helps H you're in a more sta ble sexual relationship.'' Their statements are illustrated by the experience of several University women. "I'd gotten pregnant with an IUD, and pills were turning my face brown,” explains a 21-year-old health major. "Besides I was just sick of taking them. The more I read about them, the less I wanted to ex pose my body to the side effects. So I got a diaphragm, and now I think it’s really neat." Another woman followed a differ ent path. "For me, the diaphragm was a last resort,” says a senior who stopped using pills because of blood pressure problems and who later expelled an IUD. “I had to make it work. And now I really like it; I like knowing I’m not messing up my body. But using one at 22 is a lot different from using one at 15.1 was so ignorant about my body then, I don't think I’d have known what to do with it." "Diaphragms are fine if you're married or something like that,” exp lains another young woman, "but they're harder if you're being more, well, promiscuous. It’s one thing to get up in the middle of things to go to the bathroom when you're with your husband, but it’s harder with some one you don't know so well. You wonder if the guy’s offended " According to most birth control experts, however, the “getting up to go to the bathroom" syndrome doesnt need to be a pan ox diap hragm use. Recent studies have shown it is safe to insert the diap hragm as much as six hours before intercourse, (although more conser vative sources recommend two hours). Another alternative, in Wunderlick’s words, is for insertion "to be part of the lovemaking pro cess.” One University student for example, says her lover “always" inserts her diaphragm for her. And although some women com plain about the diaphragm's inter ference with so-called spontaneity, others see a certain advantage im bedded in that very drawback. As one pointed out, “It makes me have to think about what I’m doing — I have to really choose each time.” "I like the feeling of control over my actions,” adds another. Attitude change among women is not the only factor involved with re newed diaphragm use, according to some; the fact that the medical es tablishment is paying more attention to women s health concerns is also playing a part, they believe. “In the past, most doctors didn’t want to take time to teach a woman how to use the diaphragm. It was easier for doctors to just write out a prescrip tion for pills," explains Paseman, just as it was easier for women to take them. But now it appears many women and their physicians are viewing contraception under a dif ferent light — and that ease is no longer their primary consideration. ATTENTION. . . 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