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About The news-review. (Roseburg, Or.) 1948-1994 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 8, 1957)
o O 4 The Ntwi-Review, Roseburf Ore. Tuti., Jan. I, 1957 j CHARLES V. STANTON, Mire Mh AODYI WtlCHT. Aut. aW a. CIOKCI CASTILLO. At. IdHwr Mimbtr Hm IimcmM Pre 0- mi - AttKiariwi, te Asai a) Ci"Miiw liriutu ti'tt ct m mm twr m tai fwi Im aataajt, tan ftataaa, ' Published 0thr Israsat Ssxway to. News-Rtvit Cwvo-v, Stop Sign MIDEAST OIL tuiiciirriM U'ts UtrM aMtBt. U fl NMI i IT Hi ti-'M Bwav Htm. If Difllll'lf ItttrM IKMf M ft M REPUBLICANS OUTSMARTED WARM WEATHER PORTS By Charles V. Stanton Elsewhere on thii page today. under er Oar! wri'j an ment heading, is a reprint of a co'.uxn hv rV.. A. Snrairue in the Oregon S'eUf ts. Ss .. Ready and skilled employment cf puiv.s-iTv which Spraeue details in his co'.urr.ri. rives IV advantage over Republicans, he eon:e-tj. I would like to go even furrer and trei:t :v: u-. Republicans apnly better political psvcVo'.sv '.a fj'ure ac tivities they will be out of power for a br.p tiir.e. F.cp.ib'.i cans are beinsr so thoroughly outclassed a-.d en; smarted on the propaganda front that it is pitiful. The lat election, in which Democratic party orpanirers. pjirti.-u'srly in the labor field, broueht about a party fervor, equivalent to a Billy Graham religious revival, pave ample proof of the ef ficiency of Democratic propaganda. Oresron voters were so thoroughly "converted" to the Democratic line that little thought was given to individual candidates. No explana tion other than a "Sawdut Trail" revival will explain the election results, particularly at the local level. Republican leaders have their work cut out for them in meeting and combatting this very efficient technique. Editorial Comment From The Oregon Prats State's 1956 Tourist Business Hits New High IT SEEMS TO ME r Charles A. Sprague in the Oregon Statesman PORTLAND i The Ponlinii Chamber of Commerce, in a ser. les of year-end report, hai re ported that the mate's 1956 tour, ist business totaled HI million dollar a 14 minion dollar in. Labor Croup Surrendered In one field alone Republican failure is startlingly evi dent. That is the field of organized labor, where Republi cans have surrendered ingloriously. For many years the Democratic party has heralded MJ BoJe In The Day's News (Continued From Pane One) NEW YORK iP Things a columnist might never the free world it isn't given to hu man beings to be able to look that far forward into the future with in imnkntinir in the nnhlie mind the belief that the labor. I That Javne Mansfield, liollvwood's irreate.st natural precision and exactness. tni man i Kaf aorvorl Kv fh nommrafii nnrtv'i iVmnriae ' jir.tintr talent since La.ssip. slppns in ji kino siizp iipH rnv-! About the best we can do is to and principles. Organized labor is now a powerful adjunct to the party. What has the Republican party done to combat Demo cratic influence over organized labor's political thought and action? During the late days of the last campaign Republicans began organizing party members within the labor move ment, but the effort was too little and too late. tabor leaders favoring the Democratic party are work ing at political education all the time. Many workers lean ing toward Republican theories are registered as Demo crats to avoid arguments and pressures. Republican poll ered with body? That new black silk sheets p . i kucsi as dauidint as is iiuiiiauis- Bin aoesnj. ev ery-i posslbe how I!ussja proposes to ; achieve her objective of destroy psychiatrist. us nd -nus extending corn- generations of the Washington D boll weevil are getting so resistant ,Saya "infidelity is closely allied . munis-n over the world. Our next io uui it no longer gives incm wuri excessive drinking . . . The s'P alter mat must ne to ngurc the DT's. . . proving that one in-W.C.T.U. has been saying this .for out nw e wil1 STOP her. sect's poison is another insect's decades That, it must be assumed, is mouthwash. That each cubjc mie of sea ' what we are undertaking to do. That the new 17 million dollar wakcr contains 4.500.000 tons of . ,.7, ... ,. Americans Hotel in Miami Beach magnesium Secretary Dulles, explaining the u so luxurious. . . so help us. . . Th, a.omic heatine of f..tori :new Po'-ev " nouse foreign at it has wall-to-wall earnetini! even1 atomic neaung ot lactones, (alrs committee, savs it wou d he in the ba hroom "'"" ev'n , office buildings and other large;, djsa5ter t0 esl to lct the in me oainrouius. structures eventually will IiiId u .ui. .. : That there a.e now i0 million solve the smog problem . . . a i ... T;. OREGON STUDENTS HIGH BUT . . . Coat Bay Timet It has been widely known (or crease over the previous high of ihii lrwtn Kljmls ll.s In one of his columns last week hl.,h ,lnoni! u,. states in excel- The state survey showed thai Drew Pearson related how Sen. ence of secondary education, dut 1.'I96.0UC out-of-state cars isaed Wavne Morse backtracked over it has not been publicly known Oregon in 1956, a gain of 65000 , .u l. ...(-. lust where Oregon is especially cars and 216.000 persons over 1955. Oregon for thank-you coffees Ju re rf ( followins; hit reelection. Morse weaknesses ported at 3,453.849. wasn't the only one who did that.) Writing in the current issue of Portland convention business Rep Edith Green not only filled Oregon Education magazine, ofli-; totaled $7 802,437, with 324 con- numerout engagements following cial publication of the Oregon Ed- venhons held here in the pt , .. . ..ucation Assn., John S. Conway, year, election, but in making peechei , nll.rv -ducation The Chamber taid that 1.750 ad- outside her own third district jor xht State Department of Edu- ditional persons found manufac. (Multnomah County) started ru- cation, reportt that while Oregon tunng jods in me i oruann area ) mors she might contest for the high school seniors ranked fifth in during the year at a result of tenatorship in 1960. And newly nationwide tamplmg. there wa. manufacturing expansion in the elected Charley Porter of the (,,.,., Educational Develop-j fourth district and At Liiman oi ment tests of graduating seniors 5Mir Rtrsis ur the second made limited tours of taken in 14 Oregon high schools I PORTLAND (A Ship repair their districts to show gratitude selected at random (none of mem ; jctivity here during 1956 o.limbed to their supportert and tmoolh out in Southwestern Oregon) showed , ,even per cent over the pievious any remaining rough spots. The Oregon ranking second nationally yeari the Port of Portland said. Ion Republican to survive the i in social studies, seventh in liter-, xhe port reported the bulk of congressional elections, Walter j ary materials, eighth in expression tne 728.8O6 tons of shipping ii Norblad of the first district, whose (English), 13th in natural sciences voived came from 77 large freight campaigning had been quite incon-1 and 23rd in mathematics. The lat- Iruj tankers. The 2,011.155 spinous, made no such tour. In- ter two categories obviously could ton-days on its two docks during stead the day after the election stand improvement. The low stand- was a peacetime record, the he hitched up and started to drive ing in mathematics is especially port sald. hack tit tha natinnal raniial. 'significant comoared with the na-, Republican.! might well take no- i tional scoring, which showed Us tice of the fact that the Demo-, greatest rise in mathematics, cratt who have risen to hiuh of-1 Faced with these figures, we fice are diligent campaigners, in must bend a little from our line season anil out of season. Senator that natural sciences are s Neuberger, who faces no electoral over-emphasiied. It would seem test until 1960, is prolific with that over-emohasis in these fields speech and typewriter, quick with would have shown up in the re a press release or a public state-1 cent GED tests. At the fame time ment. Both he and Mors.: shower j we relent on this point and admit the state generously with weekly that more emphasis it needed news letters. Those in the adver- there, we still maintain that nat tising business know the value of ural sciences must not be pushed repetitive pounding of names and at the expense of social sciences, labels to gain and hold public ac- as would be quite likely if the ceptance; and the Democrats men- clarion call for chemists, phvsi tioned have been quick to build ' cists and engineers a call corn on this feature of mass psychology, ing from business and industry It wasn't always that wav. When were heeded to the fullest, the late Charles 1.. McNary re- i Off this point, but worthy of turned after a session of the Sen- thought, are several other concili ate where he was long Republican 1 ions about education reached by leader, he would have a prepared the survey. statement to be handed reporters I It found, for example, that vari on his arrival. Then he went to his I ation of quality was great from farm home. Fircone, for a rest. I one state to another. In social He would receive visitors and con-1 studies seniors in the highest state stituents there or in his former scored 69 compared with 19 for low office in Salem, but he made seniors in the lowest state. The very few trips over the state, and spread was from 74 to 24 in the hardly any speeches. He left cam- natural sciences. As Mr. Conway paigmng pretty much to his friends points out. "the implication of and once nearly got scooped as these differences are tremendous a result, by Willis Mahoney, in in terms of any proposed plan of 1936. federal aid to education or of na- McXary's successor, Guy Cor- tional scholarships or existing col don. followed a similar pattern, : lege programs." It becomes appar spending most of his time in Wash- 1 ent that some states need educa inijton, seeming to take pride inUion aid far more than others, yet keeping his name out of the pa- j it is obvious that to base allowanc pers. issuing few public state-1 cs of federal aid upon need would ments, trusting that the work he raise some thorny problems, was trying to do would speak for i The study also found a definite itself and win him reelection 1 correlation between the amounts of LAUREL LODGE NO. 13 J A. . t A. M. yCjV Rotabvra, Oratoa) STATED COMMUNICATION Appointment of committees Examinations, oil degrees WED., JAN 9 - 8:00 P.M. Vilitinf BrofTitri Welcome W. M-, Harry Youna Sec. Durward Owm When It's Sleep Time . . . cie nave resuuen in sttrrenner or 11a party memoers wnn-i"'. aim u. "" " -Meanwnue. anyone tooKing sor ; 01 faj una,. Soviet domination. in n.1.011 vnrf lnl.ni. (a Ina f !, n.itif fothn. lhn iol. i""'"" oiatia. . . 1,1.3 .- ius AHKCiri Can lUCaiC 11 DV Tl- D..t : : I 1 1 4 4u TAnA-..i: -.,Mt,. ..iunH !... -... ... .K....r .... ic ,m. v, .m,,.-. .... 1 w minion pedestrians to leap out dar. tii.K .it. iikiiii.ik ui'i.'i.t; nvi.ini mmiiilhi t-Miiiniiui. j0f their way Irom tne olner aide. lr Kcpunucans in organized moor nau militant support from Republican leadership, the Ilemocra tic party mip;ht not be able to count upon labor a such a major influence. more than that, he adds, it would encourage the Kremlin to That JaDan is the Onlv COUntrV ranrf tn fnri ayarvurhpri in tha j That the blouses worn by Edith where pearls have been success-1 world. Adams as Daisy Mae, homespun fully cultivated. (In America men That seems a reasonable state- I heroine of the Broadway musical,; who can atford to buy a girl i ment. "L'l Abner," cost more than $100 pearls are cultivated even morel each. Successfully.) We must not, of course, go all That paintings left by ancient: That although former President j out for the Ike plan just because cavemen on their indoor walls Truman was photographed sever- it's Ike's plan. That would be car indicate they preferred t h i r al times holding up fish while in rying partisanship MUCH too far. i r- - hfl.nlu iHail .HI n(f,H k' ha-n. n ..-..! Uliil ha nam n ,n imfiimli In ji.iin una tnuijiKii iu ins ncxi. rt.i ciiiu.r oirKu- (.'..iili j held by some native tribes. raises this burning political issue: :u a new oreign policy lor tne out, the Democratic propagandists never let up. Thev are That expectant fathers often j "Did he actually catch anv of I'nited States. The purpose of a forever in headlines. Thev are ntioted dailv in the tiresa i such psychosomatic ail-lthem himself"' . . . Well, HST. foreign policy is to PROTECT THE .nH .fatm.nt rnnfaln. .nm l!HI. in.i'n,.,.! Inn frnr. I ments as headaches, diHiness and i how about it? . . . We pause for I.MhKhSIb of the nation laying That Dr. Frank 5. Lapno, a Public Also Pressured' The public also is pressured by political "education" able to the Democrats or unfavorable to the Republicans Kverythinp; possible is done to put Republicans in a bad lifrht, and Republicans, too often, fail to fight back. Senators Morse and Neuberger never lack for an angle or a pep; with which to tie in to any action or policy which will get their names in the papers. Between them they manage to keep Mrs. Green's name tied into party activi ties. Charlie Porter, 1 predict, will need no help in main taining his publicity department. Lnder constant propaganda bombardment, day Spelling Isn't Essential To Enter College i Today's NEW YORK in and mi lesson: spell down the policy. If it is to be That lobsters have sex just like adopted and backed up with all most everything else . . . There thr resources we possess, lnclud- are hen lobsters and cock lobsters ,n 01ir lives and our property, it . . . Anyone seeking further in-! mint, be sound and wise, formation on this vital subject is ' " be SUCCESSFUL, it hereby referred to the Fulton Fish must be thoroughly understood by Market. ne people, whose lives and prop- tu.i v.i. c.in .k. erty are at stake. That can come Ji". sngs'son mXrT J "nd Gave it up on the advice of day out. it is not at all surprising that voters are convinced nR iVer of his boddv , drawl That a medical' survey showed the Democratic party is the party of the little people, he lne bind, and he called a docer and a trend among doctors of all Ivpes party friendly to labor, and that the Republican party the friend of big business and the foe of labor. It will not be enough for the Republicans merely to an- nerse fever. If you fail to spot the errors. swer Democratic charges, which has been the main form hr K.nn.th n m Crooki! tool- i mivnn in iii. 'n.iv. urgm iiiiiiiii.- iiui.l .i. i.c (13.111.1. oisy yruu ssur m ru.. a.i-j j p. even more jittery than pov' mtai puni-irs u ini-ir own, wun a positive ratner tnan nega- ierty . . . Kise wny did u s. pnysi In this NECESSARY discussion no punches should be pulled and no politics should be played. Moving over from the grave and TONIGHT, after you've turned off the TV and put iiirii auu win .inn reelection tuuciiiiiuii uawmi uic auiuuiiia m i ii . , which it did until Neuberger came ' money spent upon education and . vour vaiuaDies are protect- along in 1954. !the excellence ot students, .vir. crawl into bed with inning elections isn t just a : Conway reports mat an except one matter of tea and crumpets, of of the lowest fourth of states spent publicity and news letters. You less than $200 per student; yet still should have parcels of politi-1 one state with high expenditure cal merchandise that will have ' fell below the median and three some appeal to voters. But so long of the top four schools in per- j as elections depend on the count formance had only average expen-1 of votes politicians' need to em- diture. The conclusion is that there j ploy techniques that will keep ' is a high relationship between fi-1 their names before the Dublic. and ' nancial suDDort and level of learn-! if at all possible, always in a fa- ing, but money is not the sole ! vorable light. This doesn't mean factor. ' a w m they should avoid controversy 1 Finally, the study discovered a Dai II Yftllnrl ff. NAM some politicians achieve success high relationship between learning !Vj V. I vUi'l) Ot JUH by fighting evil dragons (Wall and the level of citizenship (voter street, the Arlington club, the in- participation!, standard of living ternational bankers, the Reds), (per capita retail sales) and the which gives them a steady run of attractiveness of the state. This publicity. Their ready and admit-! gives itself to a chicken-or-egg tedly skilled employment of these analysis of which comes first, but techniques gives these Democrats it is more likely that highly edu quite an advantage which their 1 cated communities and high level Republican opponents will have to: of secondary school attainment reckon with. feed upon each other. Test-drive tomorrow's truck today! the comfortable feeling that your valuables ore protect ed by Burglary Insurance? It not, we strongly urge you to call on us for this coverage today! INSURANCE Dial OR 3-4671 733 S. E. Can Street R0SEBURG, OREGON before he diviliped brane to reduce their cigarette smoking. I Sarious to the pecadilloes of hu- That a lawver named John C. Argue hat been admitted to the California state bar. That prosperity tiva appeal to voters. man nature, 1 suppose you are aware of the hullabaloo over Prin cess Grace's and Prince Ranier's y make peo- impending baby. neponers ana cameramen ana commentators are ganging up I I SO MUCH EMPHASIS has be. put on this prisoner issue that oine impression has hern giwn 'he probable reasons: WASHINGTON (NEA) In dian Prime Minister Nehru's Wash ington statements on Communist China have been picked to pieces. The conclusion is that he did not make loo good a case for his and thai the Irirnd. Red Premier Chou En lai alu ad of the In hit press conference. Nehru pruon terms. said he relayed to President Ei senhower Chou's view that while he had gone several steps forward, there had been no favorable rear lion from the other side meaning from the United States. The riddle here is just what for- ihmts ward steps have been made. A ...... ui. ... ,. i . . .im? mm .n. van na menu- nas oeen Kicked around a uni. "ui iiiey ku more oicKwaro rne w months th.it I S than torward sailor V Alevi. Jnhn.nn .,! 11..1 1 nfortunately. there is no H- or China's Wan,; I'iik nan hae been IM point statement of what the meeting periodically in Geneva United Slates rxpeett rf China's The I s position is that until t oniinunists before recognuing Ri d China makes this renuncia- Ihem as a government. That 1 on turn, it holds another threat of ac "'rC0"' , , . , grrssive aetion .uer the area and There is no package deal listing is not ehsiMc to be considered a rc'iuippmrnlt that the Red Chinese peace-loving stale wilMraw from North let Nam., The lirds have made counter North Korea and agree on unifica- proposals for a lomi t S -Commu- uon 01 norea wun iree elections, nisi renunciation of the torce. llie l He sayt he has teen from 100 to 1 .,,' , M m,ii10n nrescrm- around the toy palace in the toy 500 college students make these,, on, for tranquilizinf, drugt last principality of Monaco. Presently, same misspellings, and more. I yr, thev are seeking gostip. The b g I Words like ginny pig, brane, bod-1 . . . nhilosonher Georce Pie. when the babv arrives, will J. hlnH n.r.a mnr rnrel. ran. 111,1 " Wat pnilOSOpner UCOrge J- D-r. Df Tk II '.i. - 1 i ...v..- ISanlayana who observed. Ihe I in.m.l .siany college siuuen.a can i .,, , . 1-u . . spell common words, torn, do not ; lU not 1,uh " oo know the alphabet, and something ! should be done about it, he told the American Assn. for the Ad vancement or :cience. ' It is well known that college ; young man who has not wept it savage, and tne old man wno 10 civilians were freed that fall. But others are still being held. The farthest the Red Chinese will go now it lo say that the conduct i- niiieiuani nas oecn toon .ln,l,.nl rio not read write nor will be released comprehend as well as they should vp.ration of their This sCidv over a 26-vear period proves that they cannot spell ei ther Dr. (rooks cited these among Oregon Produced Record Crops During Past Year be FIRST PICTURE. That will be a scoop of the first mi unit tide. and it is reported that nzeable bribes are being offered to palace retainers all the wav tip from scul lery maids to the first lord of the royal bedroom. Anyone who can hide out a ram era and sneak a shot of the infant seems to be eligible for backsheesh. L JP,"J ' j sSsSSl 3 The All-New The New Forward Control 'Jeep' FC-150 is powered by the. rugged, economical engint that made 'Jeep' vehicles famous. im-ir release would sole everv int That is incorrect. It would he "nly a first steD. le.nlintl to nthr later on Ihe renunciation of force isue lot in Amhas- Snooping Inexcusable invasion of privacy Sure! But I'll risk a bet. I'll wa- PORTLAND rOregon produced er "'re reading Ihe stories, in- a record 5.310.000 tons of "pr.n- slel skipping em. That s why cipal crops" worth an estimated the reporters and the cameramen J87 3JO OuO in :. the L' S. De- "! " 'P writert are converg- uing ne are . . , . ., .,. mi on Monaco. addicted to slogans Incorrect pub-1 I"1"""" " 1 - he suns and notices. Most school! The 14 per cent rise in field crop Disgusting teachers seem to feel that teaching 1 production and the & per cent j., nol s0 (nJ, fir j,,,, spelling is neneam meir nignity Children don t get enough drill writing and spelling. We are Forward Control Jeep FC-150 ALL THESE MATTERS are he fore the I nited Nations. The Unit ed Stales wants lo keep them there. Settlement of these issues is a na tural prerequisite of anv consider ation of admitting Red China to the I nited Nations In direct negotiations with the Chin.e Communists, the I'nited Stales has insisted on two things as first steps 1 Release of all Americans still held prisoner in China. 2 Renunciation of the ue of force by Red China in the Formosa area. Communist China agreed lo re lease nt American, prisoners in Nuclear Powtr Obtained From Atomic Reactor WASHINGTON r - Nuclear power has been generated from an experimental atonic reactor in Illinois. Ihe Atomic Energy Commit sion announced here that the pow er nroiloclinn at ila arj.tnn. na. Of l I I.I . i in . ' iii-iiai mi', ami . i.cilioni. III.. tr i t 7! , ., "" ,,r,t "n,l'r civilian ce ment has already .uned the I n ,1 '."V 'pn"'!!1 ''r'"ir'1,n brun cd Nation, Charier which wnounc !" ; 7'1C,"r" h,lf es the u.e o( force nnmme- been started under tin, program. ,,.,, , Ihe f,rl atomic power came further. ,t is argued that f,c scan a on a trial run in since the t om ihuihnIs have nol Idaho of an xper,:ncntal breed- kept their earlier promises to re er reactor similar to that which leave American rnsoners, there is powers the submarine Nautilus no assurance that proini.es not to A. a further experiment, the us- force would he kept Neotia- Arc. plant vippliod all the town s ui.o .mi inner mailers n merelore elertncitv (or an hour in r.i.:. increase in veetabiet were aiin-'0j. nun,,n nature. We human he buted to limeiy tpring rains anu ,n8, ,r, bllK ,h,t WIy B(,(l,r. )0, . a. 1 M A a. r iaslaa at 1 tjuaa t K a f " thatl HatL. almost ideal weather partment't report taid The 194 total representated a 12 per cent increase over the 19VS h.irvest and wat worth about ei&ht per cent more on the market, the report taid. Fruit, nut and berry production skidded durinii the year, the report "t speak evil of the rest of us disclosed, inis was au u .ne frecie in November of 19SS which destroyed nearly all cherries, prunes and applet in the Milton Firewater area. , Fall - sown erain in Sherman and Wasco counties was damaged1 DJTROrT A Chica.n p,y h heavy early spring runoffs, hut chnsKist says women never lose supply and good weather for the all their hostility towards men spring planting, more than made Dr Allison Davis of the I ni up for Ihe crop loss veraity of Chicago told delcsa cs Well-toaked subsoil and full to the Helta Sigma Theta sorority reservoirs combined to produce a convention here that women oc- notahle" yield of oan and bar- cupr an interior position in Amer ing faith in human nature, it t well to remember the ancient jin gle: "There't so much food in the worst of us "And so much bad in the best of tit That it ill behoovet any of , Whm Never Lose All Heetilifsj Tewirds Men September, 1!:S. Klcxen fliert and cessful. purrsoseles And if I'rime Minister Nehru presented no stronger case for Chou in his talks with President K;setihower. this past of the In dians mission is considered untttf- The AFC said the actor, of a diilerent era'rd electrical pow dei ;n rating of .S '"r I'M (,r,t tinat , I'M, 0) IVf. jniv lev the rroort taid. ine toiai iw crup in i, iisi Umnt re- cent above the 10-year average tvpe. "gen- of 1WS-19.'4, the report taid, de- at i lull spite the Jl per cent drop in teesl e kilowatts production, eight per cent drop in l ka'iiria.. fruits and 19 per cent decrease lean life He said their inferior position makes them hostile to men "Yet once they become recon ciled to Ihe feminine role." he said, "most of their hostility to ward the male it dissipated, but nes-ef all of it " Nw Forward Control dtilgn Maximum cargo apace on minimum whtalbata "Qo-anywhara" manauvarablllty Famout 'Jaap' ruggadnata and economy 4-whaal-drlva traction and vartatllHy Sit behind the wheel of the world's new est, most efficient 4- heel-drive Truck! New Forward Control design is the ecret ! It's the first time a 4-wheel drive tru.s! has so effectively combined such excep ional maneuverability with so much caruo capacity! The all-new Forward Control 'Jeep' FC-130, 5.000 ti. G.V.W, Tuts a 7-i" pickup box on an 81" wheel base to give you record-breakinfr cargo pace p?r inch of wheelbase. You net new atylintr. visibility, comfort ...plus all the rugv'ed. versatile, func tional feature you'd expect to find in performance-proved 'Jeep' vehicles -including "iro-anyw here" 4-w heel drive traction for tough off-road travel. FC150 Aik your'jaap'daalar lr m ahtitl da RIVERSIDE MOTORS 988 N. E. Stephens o d;i 0r 3.7434 , ria, o a pearies. q f o u O O O o c 0