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About The news-review. (Roseburg, Or.) 1948-1994 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 6, 1951)
Korean War In Stalemate After Year's Combat That Cost Allies 70,000 Troops By HaL BOYLE NEW YORK (AP) A year ago Nov. 26 the Allied win-the-wpr offensive in Korea crashed and broke against a hidden Chinese wall. In three days the U. N. army's hopeful victory march toward tne Manchurian border turned into "the great re treat." The Allies, surprised by the sudden appearance of untold thousands of Chinese Reds who seemed to crawl from the very stones, reeled back to escape entrapment. Some " units were ambushed and ensulfed. In less than three weeks the Al lies suffered about 13,000 casual ties, not including the thousands lost by South Korean (ROK) forces. Most of the 13,000 were Americans, although the Turkish brigade suf fered heavily, too. Durine the lone oullback the U.N. had to yield Pyongyang, the Red capital of Korea, and then Seoul, the Republican capital. It had to evacuate by sea two American di sion the Seventh infantry and the First marines and scores of thousands of Korean civilians. Later, in stubborn hill fighting. Including, deadly "Heartbreak ridge," the Allies regained Seoul and most of the territory south of the 38th parallel, the old dividing line. . But today thousands of square miles once held by the Allies are still firmly in Chinese Red control as the two sides quarrel like angry landlords for a cease-fire line on t which to build an armistice. And. the fighting is still going on. Chinese Swarm Revived What happened a year ago to change the Korean picture ao quickly? The main factor was the amazing ' secrecy with which the Chinese Reds massed I huge force in North Korea without its presence being confirmed by Allied intelligence. In late October of 1950 Gen. Doug las MacArthur's troops, following: up the brilliantly daring Inchon , landing, were pursuing a broken North Korean enemy. The war a-, peared to be about over. One fast-walking ROK regiment even reached the Yalu river di viding Korea and Manchuria. Then it was ambushed by suddenly ap pearing Chinese "volunteers." The ROK conlmanders warned that the Chinese Reds had crossed over, Jrom Manchuria in large numbers. This was taken as Oriental ex aggeration. Then the Chinese Reds swooped out of the hills and over ran part of an American regiment the Eighth cavalry. That made : higher commanders really uneasy. The pell-mell rush to the border , was called back. The Allies re grouped. The attack wa plannedas a giant pincers movement. The Eighth army moved up the north west corner. The Tenth corps moved up the east coast of Korea, expecting to sweep over and join the Eighth army along the Yalu, thus closing a giant pocket. I Separate Commands Handicap But the two great forces were ; under separate commands. They! V had better liaison with Tokyo than i f they did with each other. Between them were scores of miles of mountain wilderness that j held only thin South Korean patrols and an unknown number of the enemy. Many of the subordinates of Lieu Gen. Walton H. Walker, the Eighth army leader, thought the Tenth; corns moving un the east coast . should be under his command, too, ; insuring better liaison and central-1 ized authority in the tiem. iney were afraid of the gap between the two forces. One general officer, nine days before the attack, told correspond ents he was afraid the Reds were mounting an offensive of their own toward Pyongyang. He expressed fear they would cnop up the U.N. I forces and split them aown ine middle. This is exactly what did happen. Red Force Underestimated Tokyo headquarters had learned the Chinese Reds had massed more than thirty divisions perhaps 300, 000 or more men along the Yalu river boundarv. But how many had already crossed into Korea? The same headquarters estimated oni the day of the Alliea auacx uiai the 100,000-to-110,0O0-man U. N. force then faced only 100,000 North Koreans and Chinese Reds. Many frontline commanders were warily certain there were many 1 more than that. There were frightfully many more. The lurking Chinese struck V heavily, back on the second nignt 1 of the offensive. In three tremend 1 ous nieht counterattacks they smashed the Allied drive. The long- road back began. Two days later Tokyo headquart ers revised the enemy number in Korea upward to 200,000 Chinese and 60,000 Reds. The Chinese had pulled one of the great military surprises of his tory. Todav, after a year of struggle that cost the Allies 70,000 casualties the U. N. army has a firm line across the peninsula and regained much of the land it held before. Gen. Walker is dead. The Tenth corps is now under field command of the new leader of the Eighth army. General MacArthur is in America. The bold further steps that he plumped for to gain victory are still untaken. The war is in virtual stalemate, and armistice is still in the air. ., It has been a crowded, indecis ive year. The best thing about it is that most of the American sol diers who fought so bitterly and bravely a year ago are now back home. AFL Executive Raps ' Us Of Mexican Labor PORTLAND m An execu tive of the AFL farm labor union thinks Mexican laborers are forc ing down American living stand ards. Speaking here at the Catholic conference on Industrial and social problems, Ernest Galarza of San Jose, Calif., union vice-president, said he thinks U. S. farmers do not need additional Mexican work ers. He said reports have been sent to Washington to show that Amer ican workers are being displaced by Mexicans. No action has been taken on the reports, he said. He accused big farmers in the California Imperial valley of pay ing men 40 cents an hour and in some cases paying them only their meals. The farm corporations, he said, have a great deal of polit ical power. Refined Blarney At Issue In Will Of Mrs. G. B. Shaw -it DUBLIN, Ireland I The new science (or is it art?) of lriculture the propagation of manners, culture and a refined type of blarney among the Irish, that is got a big bankroll to day and a hatful of ideas on bow to spend it. George Bernard Shiw's wife, who died eight years ago,- left the money the equivalent of $263, 200 to teach the Irish culture And a judge decided Monday her will could be carried out, although, being English, he expressed some misgivings about the probable re sults. But Mrs. Shaw, being Irish-born, perhaps knew something of Irish capabilities, particularly inas much as she was married to one of Ireland's more refined cultural types who wrote the English aome of their best plays since Shakes peare died. And Irish cultural leaders are full of suggeslions on how to polish the citizens of the Emerald Isle. Irish music should come high on the list, said Michael Connery, sec retary of the Irish Academy of Mu sic. Symphonic reels ami tone poem jigs, maybe. A chunk of the money could well help Irish artists build and equip an exhibition hall, thought Mau rice McGonigal, an eminent Irish painter. A proper home for scenes of craggy coast and stone fences on green hills. And maybe a bit for researah and some to help students traveling abroad, said Prof. Ernest Alton, provost of Dublin's Tr inity college. Must Wait Year For Cash But a spikesman for the Na tional City Bank of Dublin, trustee for the money, admitted it hadn't given much thought so far to ways of culturing the Irish with it. "It will be at least I year be fore any money accrues te use from the estate anyway," be said. "Thei-e'a plenty of time." The staid London Daily Tele graph, rn extremely English news paper, was nearly as upset over Mrs. Shaw's project as over her late husband'.! endowment of a proposal to put 44 letters in the alphabet. "Neither shows more than a whimsical deference to what tho atate, unimaginative as it it, might regard as the public Interest," it sniffed. The Telegraph noted that Mrs. Shaw's will specified the culture trust fund should go to teach the Irish elocution and oratory "twu arts in which, by popular repute, they already excel." Theodore Roosevelt was elected governor of New York in 1898. Tnun.. Dec, mi Tin Ntwi-Rtvltw, toubartj, Or. 11 Professional Stripper' To Stage Show In Court BEVERLY HILLS, Calif. -UPI-Time was when you could turn up your coat collar, duck into a main street burlesque house, and watch Liu St. Cyr shuck her clothing for 85 cents. Later, after she moved to a plush night spot on Sunset boulevard, the tab assumed the proportions of a $20 bill. There was no cover charge, because what could you say was covered? But food and drink come high where the lights and the music are low. I.ili'n npvt nnhiu - however, is going to be free. jury trying miss St. Cyr on -, a r n a- nt , n n i .. . : 1 . u, . aging an uiuei-cni per formance Oct. 29 was informed by ner auorney mat sne will repeat her Show in thA Mini-lmnm Tk. idea, he said, would be to prove that when Lill strips- to the buff, it isn't rough ttuff, it's art Idaho Ends Pact With Oregon On Trucks' Entry SALEM -UP) Idaho Is can. celing its reciprocity agreement on trucks with Oregon, Washington and California on January 1, Sec retary of State Newbry said. This - means that trucks from Oregon, Washington and California that weigh over 4,500 pounds will have to buy Idaho plates when they enter Idaho. Similarly, it means that Idaho trucks will have to buy Oregon, Washington and California plates when they enter those states. Pas senger cars are not affected. Ceylon is an island in the Indian Ocean 60 miles off the southern tip of India. ) Outhouse Occupant Shot By -iy Target Shooter CASTLE ROCK, Wash. P Ed Baker, 39. Castle Rock, is in "fair" condition at Cowlitz gen eral hospital in Longview from a bullet wound received Sunday. Sheriffs deputies said Baker was accidentally wounded by an 11-year-old boy shooting at a tar get on an outhouw door. They said Baker entered the building while the boy was out of sight momen tarily. Then the boy resumed shooting, unaware of the man's presence within the range of his rifle. A bullet struck Baker in the small of the back. PRE Mti SPECIAL You Gain -We Lose! COTTAGE ORANGE JUICE ZEE WAX PAPER . 46 0Z. TIN 125 FT. ROLL ja .teat io CAMPBELL'S SOUPS MAY BE SHORT BUT LOOK AT THIS fl(5)C TOMATO SOUP U 2 2 FOR ALL 5c CHEWING GUM 6 FOR 19 2 2 LBS. LBS. 46-Oz. Tin Welch's OREGON'S FINEST NoiVz Tin Reg. 39c 8-Ox. Pkg. 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