NEWS-REVIEW, ROSEBURS. OREGON THURSDAY. OCTOBER 2I.H43
NINE
i V
Loan Features of Marshall Plan
Bring Complicated Problems
By PETER EDSON
, NEA Washington Correspondent
WASHINGTON Marshall Plan Administrator Paul Hoffman's
reconstruction loan progrim for Europe, lsnt working out quite as
expected. This part of the Economic Cc-operation Administration
Job U directly under Wayne C, Taylor. He was formerly under
secretary of Commerce and a member of the Export-Import Bank
board.
The original plan was for all 1 '
ECA loans to be male lor
ciflc reconstruction projects
the usual Export-Import Ban
procedure. Only, loans that had
good chances of paying out were
to be approved, project by proj
ect. Out of ECA's first year $5,000,
000.000 appropriation, $1,000,000,
000 was set aside for repayable
loans, $4,000,000,000 for free
grants. But It was soon discov
ered that this 80 per cent erant
30 per cent loan ratio could not
be applied right down the line
for each of the 16 co-operating
countries.
Countries like Sweden and Ice
land needed only loans. Austria,
Western Germany and Trieste
could take only grants. Switzer
land and Portugal were on a
cash basis. Most at the countries.
like Britain and France, needed
both loans and grants. So mixed
formulas had to be worked out,
country by country.
Some Nations Remiss
, Some of the countries have
done excellent jobs in submitting
estimates on their required re
construction loans. Iceland knew
Just what she wanted In the way
f a factory ship to modernize
Iter fishing industry. Iceland got
tiie first loan, and so far the
only one, for $2,300,000.
Turkey has submitted good es
timates on requirements for her
mining, power, agriculture and
transport industries.
Italy likewise has turned In
specific plans on what she needs
to rebuild power, textile, trans
port, chemical and shipping in
dustries. Italy had many plants
completely destroyed by the "var.
Rebuilding these plants and put
ting in modern American ma
chinery make ideal projects for
ECA loans.
Most of the European govern
ments, however, made Utile ef
fort ,to separate projects on
which they wanted grants from
those which should be handled by
repayable loan. They Just listed
everything they wanted or need
ed, apparently hoping that the
money might be handed out for
free instead of for repayment.
This had made It necessary for
ECA to decide what should be fi
nanced by loan and what by
grant.
There were complications In
that too much detail was In
volved In handling separately all
the small reconstruction proj
ects which might be financed as
loans.
To meet this situation, the Idea
was developed to make what
might be called lump-sum loans
covering a number of Individual
reconstruction projects. Tech
nically, they are International
trade balance of payment loans.
Many of the ECA-Export import
Bank loans will be negotiated on
this basis In the future. -Liberal
Terms Granted
Separate grant-loan ratios are
being worked out for each coun
try. Many factors have to be ta
ken into consideration. What is
each country'! existing debt
structure? At what dates must
It repay other loans? How good
a risk Is the country? How long
should Its future Irans run?
When should repayment begin?
It has been decided that all
loans must be repayable within
35 years, at 21 per cent interest'
Instead of 3 per cent. No repay
ments on principal or interest
are to begin until 1952 end of
the present IXA program. Some
principal payments will be de
ferred until 1956. Some repay
ments will be on a regular semi
annual schedule. Others will be
on tapered schedules, to fit in
with the country's other obliga-
rions. Aomitteaiy, tins gives i
some countries better breaks
than others. ECA says it can't
be helped.
IjSight of People
Improved By
Corneal Peeling '
LOS ANGELES. Oct. 21. (JPV
A method of improving he sight
of people with clouded corneas
without! corneal grafting was re
ported to the American Collece
of Surgeons vesterday by Dr.
George L. Kilgore, San Diego,
Calif., eye specialist.
The procedure is called corneal
peeling or partial keratectomy.
The cloudv portion of the cornea
is peeled off. Thij takes the place
of removing a full thickness sec
tion of the cornea and grafting
clear corneal tissue from another
person's eye into the cavity.
The new method can be used
only in cases where the cloudi
ness is superficial and in the fore
part of the cornea, which is the
normally transparent tissue at
the front of the eyeball.
The operation does not restore
vision as well as the most success
ful corneal transplants but can
give practical sight to some
people with relative success, Dr.
Kilgore said.
Unsuccessful corneal trans
plants are "dismal failures," Dr.
Kilgore added. He cited a recent
report of the American Academy
of Ophthalmology and Otolaryn
gology of 417 transient cases in
which he said the grafts remained
clear in only 139. This indicated
some degree of failure in two
thirds of the corneal transplant
ing. Corneal peeling originated
nearly a half century ago In Eu
rope hut never has been widely
used. Improved techniques intro
duced In the last six years by Dr.
Kilgore and other American spe
cialists have increased the safety
of the operation.
Foresight Pays Off
For Home Dweller
PORTLAND, Oct. 2i.-tJP
Joe Gaudo's house sits at the end
of a steep incline on S. W. Water
Avenue and cars used to come
down out of control, threatening
to push his house over a 20
foot embankment. So he put a
guard rail of railroad steel, 10
under ground and 3 feet above,
in front of his porch.. It paid off
yesterday a truck overturned
and the uard rail held most of
the 15-ton load of steel scrap
the truck dumped out.
A kangaroo without a tall,
which acts as a balancing pole,
overbalances easily and turns
somersaults.
FROM NINE TO FIVE
By Jo Fisher
1 8
MfX.M.L.WlLLIAMS
I can't remember everything! At least I did remember what
I forgot was important!
Hit , jr-f 1
Tf$
f
........ ji
I
A.. V
sWT
WINTER SCENE IN OCTOBER Premature visit of winter brought
about three inches of snow to MeadviHe, Pa., and left the scene
above at Allegheny College. Students walk through the center
oMhe campus from Brooks Hall in the background. lAr Wire.
photal
Nazi Air Blunders
Studied by Britain
LONDON (JP) Stupidity and
t overconfidence probably cost
Marshall Goerlng's Luftwaffe its
chance of victory in the Battle
of Britain, an analyst for the
magazine "Aeroplane" has con
cluded. German flight experience
fained on Franco's side In the
panish civil war led to the Luft
waffe's major error, the maga
zine said.
"Successes of the Heinkel III
and the Dornler 17 In bombing
operations convinced the Ger
mans that because they were suf
ficiently taut to outstrip most
Republican fighters, heavy arma
ment and armor could he dis
pensed with, and It was this mis
take perhaps more than anv oth
er that cost them the battle of
Britain." it observed. "The op
erational personnel had become
aware of this fallacy by bitter
experience when attempting un
escorted bombing operations, but.
as happens so often, the (Luft
waffe general) staff was bliss
fully unaware of reality."
This attitude reinforced In
the early phases of the Europe
an war where little opposition
was encountered. But when Goer
Ing hean his all-out attack on
Britain in the late summer of
1040, there was a different greet
ing awaiting his lightly equipped
alrforcs.
"The shatterlnj fire power of
eight .303 machineguns. which
the Hurricane shared with the
Spitfire, literally tore the un.tr-n-.ored
bombers to shreds." the
magazine said. The cumbersome
bomber formations were so slow
f that escorting fighters found It
. almost Impossible to maintain po
sitions close to them, as they were
ordered to do.
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348
Hubby's Snoring Halted Just As
He Was About to Catch Mermaid
By HAL BOYLE
NEW YORK .T This morning I was sleeping peacefully, and
all of a sudden I started dreaming.
I dreamt I was swimming again In the sapphire seas of the
South Pacific. A light breeze dimpled the waves and the sun shone
warm and fair. White seagulls wheeled overhead with faint clamor
ous cries, or rested on the surface, rising and falling . . . rising and
falling.
A dim shar nwd up thiough
the waters before me and broke
the surface. It was a mermaid . . .
A beautiful mermaid with tan
cheeks and blue eves. She had
Ions wet fiulden hair, and there
were crimson poppies tangled in
it.
"Hello, big bov." she said.
laughing. "Have you got pocket
comb I can borrow 7"
I reached for my comb and
then felt embarrassed. For some
reason you know how silly
dreams are I didn't have any
pockets along.
T miMt've left my comb on the
beach," I mumbled.
'How annoying." said my love
ly companion. "You shore people
sure are useless."
We swam along together In sil
ence for a while, and then she
said:
"Did vou ever kiss a mermaid?"
"No."
'Wouldn't you like to, big boy?"
she said, brushing against mc
softly. Her scales felt smooth
as silk.
I thoucht It over as I switched
from a side stroke to an Austral
ian crawl. Why not? Who would
ever know the difference?
'Sure I wou)d.
'Well," she said. "Let's play
tag. If you catch me, you can
have a kiss."
Strangling, Then
&ne tossea ner goinen head
and gave a flip of her shining
tail. The race was on. The blue
waters churned to white foam.
I flailed the waves. I was gain
ing. . . gaining . . . gaining. . .
All at once the sky darkened
and hid the sun. The gulls flew
away with shrill calls of terror.
A freezing wind sprang up. The
sea grew Icy cold.
The mermaid sank below the
surface. Her golden tresses waved
wanly. She held up her arms
and looked at me with a mocking
smile. I dived and swam after
her. But I had no breath left
and I was strangling . . strangling-
. .
Then I woke up. My face was
wet and my arms were tangled
In the bed clothing. Frances, my
wife, was standing over me. holo
Ing a small glass of water in her
hand.
"Wake up, Rover," she said,
"You have to go out and earn us
a living."
Snaring Halted
".tut why did you have to drip
water on my face?" I asked.
To stop your awful snoring,"
said Frances. "I was desperate.
"Couldn't you Just've made me
turn-over on my side?"
"Listen, Rover boy, I've been
turning you over and over like
a flapjack. Every time I got you
on your side you flopped over on
your back again. And the way
you waved your arms around
why, a person would think you
were swimming'."
"I'll get up and go to work on
one condition."
"What Is that?" said Frances.
"That if I start snoring tomor
row morning you'll drip warm
water on me instead of cold wat
er." "Why?"
"Never mind. I'll explain the
whole thing tomorrow. And will
you be surprised!"
Tonight I'm going to eat some
pickles, chill, and Ice cream be
fore going to bed. And I'm going
to put a ymh in my pajamas
pocket. I feel sleepy already,
waiting to go fishing In dreamland.
lightning by eliminating light
ning Itself.
Schaeler explains that highly
active cumulus clouds usually
grow Into lightning-producing
thunderstorms. He suggests that
by transforming such clouds in
to snow, lightning can be elimi
nated. Two years ag-5 Schaefcr, weath
er scientist at General Electrics'
Research laboratory here, made
rain and snow by seeding clouds
with dry Ice from an airplane.
Schaefer'a suggestions were
made in a report to the U. S.
Forest Service on his studies of
thunderstorm conditions at the
Priest River Forest experiment
station In Idaho.
GRAVEL PLANT RESUMES
The Umrjoua River Niivl aatlnn
Company's gravel plant at Reeds-
nArt lu laain In full
after a series of breakdowns that
seriously curtailed production for
almost a week. Mucii of the
gravel put through the plant at
present Is being used on the hlgh-
" "J .... p. w. ...... II. UCIHCCH
Coos Bay and Coquille.
WANTED
WALNUTS
To Buy or Dry
RECEIVING NOW
Bacon & Bacon
Curry Estate
STATE TREASURER
A Practical tuilitti$ Man
A Progressive legislator
SW M, Nm TiMnnx C.W. H. Mrtl4. Sx-TiMk
May Ban Ucjhtning To
Prevent Forest Fires
SCHENECTADY. N. Y., Oct. 31.
(iPi Rainmaker Vincent J.
Schaefer says It mav be possible
to prevent forest fires started by
rGILKEY'S-i
Open FRIDAYS until
9 P. M.
S23 N. Jaokson Phone S03-L
RAINY WEATHER
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umbrellas in the
plaid or floral desigh.
The plastic ore
3.49 and the rayons go
for 4.98.
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