THIRD
SECTION
THE DOUGLAS COUNTY.DAILY
VOL. XLIII NO. 132 OF THE EVENING NEWS
ROSEBURG NEWS-REVIEW, ROSEBURG. OREGON, WEDNESDAY. SEPTEMBER 21. 1938.
VOL. XXVII NO. 42 OF ROSEBURG .REVIEW
Ml
GRANGE
EDITION
GE
mm
Pull-Together Policy Of
Farmers Shown by Heavy
1 Business of Cooperatives
Gross Transactions Aggregate Nearly 3 Billion Yearly,
With Every State in Union and Practically Every
Agricultural Product Represented; Products
of Dairy Industry Lead in Returns.
Uy It. C. DOIISEY
Courtesy The National Orange Monthly. ,
Long years ago, the Founders of
the Grange wrote this Impressive
sentence, which has been a verita
ble keynote of tile organization for
almost three-quarters of a century:
"We propose meeting together,
talking together, selling together,
and in general acting together, for
our mutual protection nnd advance
ment as occasion may require."
Many people laughed 72 years
ago at such a suggestion, because
tim Kneerlnir nhrase. "Farmers nev
er pull together," was an oft-repent-
mi rnnrnnnii heaned unon the
era of the soli perhaps to some , tory. During the past five years
degree justified by conditions pre- farmers have been organizing co
Tailing at that time. How coin- ops at the rate of about 400 a year,
pletely this situation has changed Heaviest concentration of nssocia
nnd the extent to which Grunge tions continues to be in the Cen
advocacy nnd Influence have been tral nud Middle Western states,
responsible for the transformation , but growth has been1 marked in
will nrobnblv never be known, but, New York nnd New England, some
nnri mnt'o Ir coming a reair
zatlon of what has taken place nnd
of the Orange part in it.
Significantly stated, in actual fig
ures, the extent of present-day
farmer cooperation Is Impressively
told in tlio story below, which
conies directly from the United
States Department of Agriculture
nt Washington, specifically pre
pared for The National Grange
Monthly by an expert ot the depart
ment. ' It Is a picture of "farmers
pulling together" for the promotion
of their own welfare, which can
hardly be equaled in nny branch
of American activity. Its careful
reading should inspire progressive
lillers of the soil everywhere and
'proves beyond question the extent
of Grnnge Influence and leadership
in cooperative directions. As n Lec
ture Hour feature on Grange pro
grains of the early fall, this coop
erative story will bo both timely
and instructive.
How Grange Began
Seventy-two years ago this sum
mer, when President Andrew John
son directed the Commissioner of
Agriculture to send n "clerlt'
through the Southern States to ob
tain "statistical and other informa
tion," the man selected for the job
was voting Oliver Hudson Kelley.
Appalled by the antiquated meth
ods of agriculture and the lack of
business training among farm peo
ple In the war-torn South, Kelley
came back to Washington, resigned
his job, and with $2.50 in his poc
ket sot out to found a new order
of agriculture. It was the beginning
ot the National Grange nnd tho
first period of agricultural coop
erative development in the United
States.
From Washington, D. C, during
the last days of this July, came
first news of another- statistical
survey, the results of which even
so ardent a cooperator as Kelley
himself could scarcely have fore
seen. Statisticians sent out by the
12 banks for cooperatives, working
In cooperation with agricultural
colleges and universities, brought
back their taily sheets showing,
that there are today nearly 10.000
farmer cooperatives and mutual
companies In the United States,
wilh over S.OUO.tinn farmer mem
bers. The first actual door-to-door
count of fanner cooperatives to be
made In this country is now being
completed.
Upswing Noted
It was known, of course, that ag
ricultural cooperation, after suf
fering a setback during the first
period of the depression, had start
ed to grow again. The cooperative
division of the Fnrm Credit Admin
istration sends out mailed inquir
ies to co-ops which enable It to es
timate the total business and mem
bership from year to year. What
was not known definitely, however,
is that agricultural cooperation is
todav in a stronger position than
nt any other time in its history;
that gross business aggregated
nearly S3. 000.000.000 annually; and
that every second farmer Is sup
porting the movement by doing
business with one or more farmer
owned cooperative organizations.
Cooperative marketing has ex
panded to such an extent that it
is now to be found in every one
of the 4S states and covers practi
cally every farm product---grain.
fruits, vegetables, dairy products
nnd virtually every type oi live
stock known to American agricul
ture. The business of most of the
older types of marketing co-ops
such as those handling milk and
cheese, grain and livestock is
hack where it was before the de
pression. In the newer field of
fruits, vegetables and specialty
crops, the business of farmer-owned
organizations is at the highest level
on record. Meanwnile. farmers
purchasing organizations hai'e
nearly doubled their business dur
ing the past five years. Virtually
every type of supply needed on
the fnrm today can be bought from
cooperative outlets.
Cooperatives Combine
The number of associations pri
marily engnged In marketing of
purchasing has not changed during
the pa-st in years. The actual num
ber shown by the survey is 10,752.
Due to the ndvance in transporta
tion facilities and other causes,
many small co-ops have combined
into larger units. This tendency
to decrease has been offset by the
organization of new cooperatives
till-'and by expansion into new terri
of the Southern states and nearly
all of the Pacific Coast and Inter-
mountain area.
Minnesota Tops List
Minnesota continues to head the
list In number of farmer coopera
tives, having over 1300. California
has the largest volume of coopera
tive business, due in large part to
the producer-owned citrus market
ing Industry. From one-fourth to
one-third of all the farmers In most
of the Central and Middle Western
states are selling nil or a part ot
their farm and ranch products
through their own cooperative as
sociations, nnd many of them are
also buying supplies cooperatively.
Business Enormous
The actual volume of farm pro
ducts sold and supplies purchased
by farmers through cooperative as
sociations has Increased over $760,
000,000 In value since 1932 to up-
proximately S2,iou,ouo,uuu in.iado,
the year covered by the survey.
Over 7400 co-ops sell farm products
as their main business. A Jis of
all the staples, specinlty crops and
livestock products which are going
m market alone the cooperative
way covers several pages, including
everything from annua io ziuinus
yes, mere are scores oi cu-uim
through which farmers are selling
flowers, plants and nursery pro
ducts. In 193G farmers received
si. 702.000.000. or one In every tour
of their cash income dollars, from
cooperative marketing organiza
tions; nnd bought for their own
use over $337,000,000 worth of farm
supplies.
Dairy Products Lead
Farmers received their largest
eturns from the sale of milk and
other dairy products. Net sales ag
gregated $550,000,000 for the sur-
vev venr. Cooperative dreamer
ies and fluid milk associations ac-N
counted for the bulk of sales. Value
of cooperatively marketed wheat,
corn, oats, barley and other grains
amounted to $331,000,000; fruits
nnd vegetables, $274,000,000; live
stock, $305,000,000; cotton, $283,-
000.000; poultry, $87,000,000.
The new survey shows that far
mers nre now making an estab
lished place for cooperative pur
chasing. The membership ill pur
chasing associations has doubled
since 1932. Over 2600 associations
are now selling feed, fertilizers, oil
and gasoline, farm ninchinery.
naiiits. hardware, containers and
other products as their main line
of business; nnd nearly 4000 mar
keting associations are Handling
supplies as a side-line activity.
Large-scale organizations like the
Grange-League Federation in New
York State and the Grange Cooper
ative Wholesale of Seattle, Wash
ington, are supplying the needs ot
local purchasing co-ops covering
one or more stntos. In the field
nf oil and gasoline the growth of
farmer-owned organizations has
been almost phenomenal. Over
1050 farmers' co-op filling stations
in 26 states are pumping gasoline
ar. oil to their members as a prin
cipal business, and over 700 other
associations are selling these and
other petroleum products as a side
line activity. Ten years ago there
were only a handful of such or
ganizations. Today they dot the ag
ricultural map from Ohio to Mon
tana and are moving into Eastern
and Pacific Coast states.
Cash Dividends Paid
Agricultural cooperation is pay
ing dividends. The survey-takers
from the Banks for Cooperatives
found that In addition to providing
more effective marketing or rarm
products and reasonable-cost farm
supply purchases, over 5000 of the
10.752 marketing and purchasing
associations turned back patronage
dividends to their members in 1936
amounting to more than $2a.00O,
jooo. Most of these co-ops also pay
dividends on their stock owned by
farmer-members.
Fanners In California, profiting
particularly from cooperative salea
of oranges and other citrus fruits,
Officers of Oregon State Grange
Coming to Roseburg for Annual
Conference Scheduled October 1
ft - fee
R. W. GILL
. . - - . i
Officers of Oregon State Grange
the annual grange conference open
above are (top row) Ray W. Gill, sluto grange master; Mrs. W. J. Wil
cox, Mosiei'i chairman of the stato
(bottom row) Mrs. .L'liena Slack,
and C. W. Pattlson, Portland, secretary of tho grange fire insurance nsi
soclation. Oilier officers who will participate In the conference Include
Morton Tompkins, Dayton, overseer of the statu grange and chulrmun
of tho state grange agricultural committee: Ilerthn J. Heck. Portland.
state secretary; Mrs. G. V. Thlesseu,
received the largest gross amount
of patronage refunds, followed by
Minnesota where cooperative mar
keting of butter, milk and cheese.
grain, livestock, nnd other pro
ducts boosted the Income of thous
ands of producers. Patronage divi
dends amounting to $1,000,000 or
more wore also reported for Illi
nois, Indiana, Ohio, Washington,
and several other states. A larger
percentage of oil and gasoline co
operatives paid patronage divi
dends to their members than any
other type. Over 500.000 farmers
made a saving on their oil and
gasollno purchases for the year
which ageruge $7 per farmer.
Growing In Volume -
The survey shows that agricul
tural cooperation iB not only grow
ing In volume of business hut in
the acceptance of the cooperative
principles lor which the National
Grange hns struggled for so many
years. For instance, the principle
of one-mnn-oue-vote is adhered to
by more than 80 per cent of the
10,000-odd.assoclations in the Unit
ed States. Before tho survey was
made, even the most optimistic
friends of the cooperative move
ment would hardly have ventured
to place tho figures so high.
Another significant fnct brought
out by the survey is the Influence , niuiviiiuiii couniv loneners man
or the 13 banks for cooperatives I tutes. The addition of Douglas
In pushing down Interest rates iinlcl
on borrowed money by farmer- j
cooperatives. Since 1934, the year
after the banks for cooperatives be-!
gan operation, the trend in interest
rates charged farmer co-ops by !
various creditors has been steadily !
downward. For the United Slates
as a whole the average Interest
rate on short-term money borrowed
by co-ops dropped from 5.9 to 5.7;
per cent; on medium-term loans i
Imrg-term loans from"" toVs per RURAL MAIL DELI VERY
cent. The banks for cooperatives j BACKED BY GRANGE
charge 2 per cent on commodity t
loans ond 3 per cent on operating Thp ,,, ,,, movpmPnt
loans, r aclllty loans, usually ma.ln(for rmal freR ll(.,v of tho Inn
for longer terms for such financing and wnr,!P, ,cildny for t,,js ,.,.
as the erection of warehouses, uro ,,, thp fivHlPm wa, nnalV
plants, etc.. bear Interest nt the j established on a small scnle Pi
rate of 4 per cent a year, congress In 1S96. Subsequently
The survey of the cooperatives j he KralKp ,,xol.,p,l lnfhlncp for
division shows that about 6,900, e e,p.,ll(!,r,n of lhp wrvlc ml0
farmers marketing and purchasing , hp rurn ,,rlrtlI. At t, ,,,.
cooperatives, or slightly more than nne of ,M5 ,lu,rp wpre 3Ti im nm
half the total number in the I nlted rou(,s )n UlB Vnlu,a filill,.
States, use credit for their opera-; an(, lhp BKKKHtB ,ll(lBnPP ,,;iiy
tions. The largest amount of bor- ,ravPrBP,I ,)V the rural carrlPrH waa
roweo money useu at any
1936 the last year embraced by
the survey aggregated $255,886,-1
000.
Commercial banks are the larg
est creditors of farmerV asocla-
iinn. hot the business volume of
the "banks for cooperatives has
grown steadily during the past our;
years and now occupies second ,
place. In 1936, cooperatives using1
will visit Roseburg Octobor 1 for
to all -grange members. Pictured
grange honie economics committee;
Korhy, slate grange Juvenile deputy,
Milwaukee, slate grange lecturer.
commercial banks as a principal
source of credit, borrowed a total
of $118,547,000; those using banks
for cooperatives ns a principal
source, $78,830,000; other coopera
tive organizations, $11,501,000; In
dividuals, $9,899,000; nnd the re
maining amount from miscellan
eous sources.
SCHOOL CONFERENCE
The fourth annual educational
conference to bring to the teach
ers of southern Oreuon tho latest
trends and philosophy of educa
tion lias been scheduled for the
Southern Oregon Slato Normal
school campus at Ashland, Octo
ber 27, 28 unil 29.
Sponsored in tho past by the
counties of Jackson, Josephine,
Klnmnlli, Luke and Curry, togeth
er with the normal school, Doug
las county hns this year joined
conference which replaces the
cuumy win maun inis me largest
rcKiunnl conference In Oregon,
wilh the exception of tho one held
in Portland.
President Donald M. Erb of the
University of Oregon. President
Bruce It. Baxter nf Willamette
university and Dr. V. W. Hurt of
the srlioo of education of t lie
University of California are
among the featured speakers,
-o
j 359 43 nijeB
Many Farm Homes Burn
According to the report of
Stale Fire Marshal F.arle 364 Ore-
gon farm dwellings were entirely
or partially destioyed by fire In
1937, insurance paid amounted to
$191,(173.
VITAL ISSUES FACE
IE
Policies Will Be Followed
in 35 States; Umpqua
Valley to Exhibit.
Issues fncing the National grange
convention nt Portland, November
iu to Z4 are more stirring than nt
any Unto in the 70 years history
of the. organization,, according to
information received nt the Doug
las National bank. The meeting is
expected to be the largest of its
kind ever held west of The Missis
sippi river.
Policies adopted at Portland will
be followed throughout the 36
states under jurisdiction of !the
grange affecting the nearly 8,000
units. Juvenile work will he
stressed.
Products of the Umpqua valley
are to bo exhibited among those
in the Oregon display of agricul
tural and household products from,
every section of the stn-te. Fruits
canned and dried vegetables, nulii
and other products will bo Includ
ed In the effort to stimulate Inter-
sectional marketing cooperation.
Discussion nt the convention will
center around the American mar
ket, reciprocal trade agreements,
socialized medicine, public dobt,
centralized government and Its re
lation to agriculture. Interest rates
on farm mortguges, electriiicallon,
transportation rates. . liquor and
gumbllng as a menace.
E
ROSTER T0T1LS 105
Organization Only 5 Years
Old Builds Own Home, '
i Has Much Activity.
When members of Kellogg grnnge
No. 811, docided they needed n
new grange hull, they built one.
Not only did they build it them
selves, but they sawed most of the
lumber that was needed.
Kollogg graiigo ' wits organized
September 12, 1933, by Deputy Ar
thur Brown, with 36 charier mem
bers. The membership now has
lucronscd to 107.
Present officers nre Cornelius
Miller, master; Boyd Modor, over
seer;' Thelmn Ladd, secretary;
George Madison, treasurer; Mabel
Ruder, chaplain; ilOidon Fisher,
lecturer; Gain Madison, steward;
Glen Gumcy, asslstnnt stoward;;
Golda Giimey, lady assistant stew
ard; Francis Mode, gatekeeper;
Mary Colloy, Flora; Elizabeth Bul
lock, Cores; Faye Bossen, Pomona;
Evelyn Hudson, musician; Gono
Fisher, Dale Bullock, llomor Ladd,
executive committee.
Tho grange meets each second
ami fourth Wednesday nnd always
serves refreshments. A welcome
always Is extended to visiting
grangers.
Make Own Hall.
The first meetings were held In
the Kellogg school house and later
In Fisher's drier. In 1936-36 tho
grange members cut lumber, ex
cept flooring And celling, even milk
ing the shakes for the roof cover
ing, and erected their present hall.
While tho building Is not Hilly
completed, additions are being
mude steadily and at the same time
payments are being made on the
small debt incurred.
Tho home economics club has a
membership of about 30 ladles.
Martha Bullock is president, Paulu
Anderson, vice-president; Bessie
Haines, secretary; Mubel Itader,
treasurer. Tho club has had a very
successful year, and with the help
of other grange members, has put
on monthly money raising social
Change to
RICHFIELD
George W. Ginder
Commission Agent
ROSEBURG, OREGON
events. Among these were a pie so
cial, negro minstrel, outdoor bar
vest cnrnivnl, etc. The club meets
every third Thursday at the grange
hall, but holda occasional meetings
In the homes of members.
Kellogg grange sponsors a 4-H
club, under the supervision of a
grange leader, and gave a club
scholarship this year.
First and second degrees were
given to a class of nine members
nt a meeting September 7 and the
third nnd fourth degrees will be
conferred September 28.
Two resignations of officers wore
received nt the meeting September
14, Virginia Anderson, Flora, re
signing to attend University ot
Oregon and Miss Mae Madison, lady
assistant steward, resigning to at
tend Oregon Normnl school at Mon
mouth. Enrller In the year Assist
ant Stewart Grant MndlBon resign
ed to accept employment at Union
creek. The vacancies were filled
to give tho grange a full quota of
officers.
The grange won a cash prize at
the community fair In Sutherlln
with Its booth, nnd many members
won Individual awards with their
displays.
In Pest Contest.
Kellogg and Fred Weathorly
granges are engaged In a pest hunt
contest, the loser to furnish a tur
key supper for tne winner. Fred
Weatherly grnnge won a similar
contost last year and the Kellogg
hunters are out for revenge this
season. -
' Kellogg grange has been host
twice to the annual meetings ot
Pomona grnnge nt Fisher's grove
near the grange hall.
A booster night program will be
held early In October as prune har
vest in September mnkes an earlier
celebration Impossible.
.In 1870 the nmnufl began-'lts
fight! to raise .tlie,.i)opnvtment oC
Agrlclulturo' to'tfie first rank by
making Its head a member of the
President's cabinet. The idea was
ridiculed by many people and the
then Commissioner ot Agriculture
wns actively opposed to It. TI)o
chnirmnnof tljn Agricultural Com
mittee p'f 'the .House wns likewise
hostile. Ho declared that tho prin
cipal ruhction ot the Department of
Agriculture wns to distribute free
soed nnd that congressmen could
very well perforin this function
themsclvoB. Single-handed, tho
National grange kept up the fight
In spite of ridicule and opposition
in high places, until victory was
achieved In January, 1889, and Nor
mnn J. Column, a prominent mem
ber of the grange, was appointed
the first Secretary of Agriculture
by President Cleveland.
FARM LOAN SYSTEM
IS AID TO FARMERS
The grange ,wns an curly and
consistent advocate of better cred
it facilities for rural pooplo and
gave Its support to legislation
which established tho fudeial
farm lonn system In 11116, supple
mented by the Intermediate cred
it banks, established In 1923. Tho
grange ndvocated amendnioiitB
which resulted in the adoption, ot
the farm credit administration In
1933, bringing under one head all
rural credit activities and reduu.
lug Interest rates to 4i per cent.
In 1936 the grunge led the right
which resulted In still lower Inter
est rales.
POSTAL SAVINGS BANKS-
The grange was largely respon
sible for the enactment of legisla
tion creating the PohIoI Savings
Hanks, established in 1911.
Germany has a rat population
estimated at 65,000,000, which does
a dally damage of $550,000.
Pests Slain
To Halt Loss
To Farmers
Damage to Crops Arrested
by Hunt Contests First
Started in Douglas
County in 1930.
Orfinnlzeii in 1930 tindor tlie di
rection of Fred A. Goff, then state
chairman of the grunge agricul
tural committee, the Douglas
county grange peat hunt has sav
ed many thousands of dollars to
farmers of Douglas county.
Douetlos enmity was the first
In which this nest contost was
started, and at first only a few
granges participated. Then oth
ers Joined ond It became county
wide. For the past few years sim
ilar peBt hunts havo been carried
on in nearly every county of the
state.
Prizos for continual effort In
this work ore awarded to each
grange In tho county by Pomona
gronge.
From the results tabulated ench
month In the contest it Is plainly
evident that the destruction of
crop-damaging pests has saved
great sums of money to the farm
ers ench year.
Success Evidenced
The success of the contest Is
plainly evi'denced In driving along
roads In rural districts, as few
pests ore "seen in those localities
where grangers are actively parti
cipating. .
Records of Ullls by contestants
are placed in the hands of the
subordinate grange agricultural
committee. 1 The evidence of the
kill are the right wings of birds,
tails ot animals, etc. The records
are submitted each month -to Mr.
Goff, chairman of Pomona grange
agricultural committee, who com
piles the data And '.reports the
standings " a in d n g com petlng
granges.
Thousands Destroyed '
1 During the past two and one
half years more than 40,256 farm
posts have been destroyed. When
It Is considered that each one of
these pests would have destroyed
,aeveral dollars worth of farm pro
duce during Its normal life span,
it Is perfectly evidenced that the
activity has beon a most profit
able one.
; The records also show that
pest control Is a never-ending
task, for records show an Increas
ing number destroyed each your,
regardless of the continued exter
mination progrum. This year Is
no exception and the figures for
the first six months show that
the kill Is well up to tho aver
age. PchIs Included in tho contest
and the numbers destroyed during
tho punt two and a half years are
shown In ' the following ' tabula
tion: -
6 Mo.
1930 1937 1!I3S
CoyotUH 39 ' 21 13
RllU 7111 1,117 970
DlKKOi-8 3,3111 1,753 1,675
Gophers'.. 380 281 448
Moli.B , 259 351 212
OwIh 14 51 13
The
139
ladies of the Granges
While the men of the Granges are
taking their bows for a successful
year we feel that you too, are en
titled to plenty of congratulations
on your fine work.
When in Roseburg we want you to
feel that THE STYLE SHOP is
your store come in any time,
see our styled right and priced
right apparel. It will stand plenty
of comparison.
New fall merchandise u arriv
ing daily from the style centers
of the East and West.
Hawks .. 90 159 76
Crows 112 100 44
Blue jays 380 282 170
Rattlesnakes .... 65 233 37
Weosela 13 23 4
Rabbits 576 1,384 320
Misc. 2,013 10,709 5,786
Total pests r
killed 8,021 22,467 9,768
Grand total : ...40,256
GRANGE WORKS FOR
BALLOT REFORMS
In 1S79 the national grange en
dorsed the Australian or secret
ballot system and deumnded bal- -
lot reform. It has .favored all
laws to safeguard the ballot and
promote honest elections. In 1886
It endorsed measures to prohibit
the use of large sums of money tat
influence elections, to accomplish
which laws have since been en
acted. FORESTS URGED
The grange has consistently ad
hered to a policy calling for tha
wise conservation and use of bur!
natural resources, and has oppos-i
ed their exploitation by selfish
monopolies. It has favored tho
preservation of the forests, the
mineral wealth and the power
sites for the benefit of the peo.
pie, and has supported all laws for
the proper administration of our
national forests and the public do
main. f
The grange favored the estab
lishment of a national geological
survey, and soil survey and tho
development of national forestry.
It has favored the creation of pub
lic parks and will continue to
fight for the adoption of a Bound
land uso policy, Inchu'ilng ade
quate measures ' for , the jireven-1
tlon of soil erosion. "
ITI
The, grange was an early artvfl
cuto oC an Impartial fuct-f InilliiK
tarirr connnlsBion ns an atri to con
gross In legislating on this sub
joct. Tho comiulHHlon waB estab
lished In 1910. The aim o tho
grange has beon to secure reason
able tariff rates for the protection
of the American farmer. It has
boen Btrongly opposed to the
granting of such tariff rates on
manufactured products as breed
monopoly, enriching tho fow at
the expense of the many.
As a means of giving equalized
tariff boneflta to producers of Bur
plUB crops, the grange has ndvo
cated the export debenture plan. '
In 1890 tho national grange re
commended the establishment of
a bureau of anlmul Industry In the
department of agriculture, and for
years worked flteadlly for the
creation of a national dairy bu
reau, established In the winner
of 1924.
Style Shop
NO. JACKSON ST.