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About Daily capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1903-1919 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 20, 1913)
PAGE TWENTT-FOUB ' DAILY OAPI-tAX JOUBNAL, SALEM, - OEEOON, 8 ATTTEDAY,-. DECEMBEB 20, 1913. FOLK HI Wonderful Besulta Accomplished a Re sult of Advantages Afforded By System In Vogue. SOME DETAILS OF SYSTEM AS GATHERED BY EXPERT They Are Largely Responsible for Mak ing Feasants of Denmark Most Intelligent in World. mentary branches. There is also In struction in science subjects, such as chemistry, physics, and biology. The greatest emphasis, however, is laid on history, biography, and literature. These are the subjects through which the folk high school seeks ciefly to ac complish its ai.ns. The iiiea of the folk high school goes back to Bishop N. T. S. Grundvig (17S3-1S72), a noted Ianish divine, poot and historian. The first folk high school was established in Rodiling in uorth Scliloswig in 181.'), but it was not until 20 years biter that the move ment really took hold of the people of Denmark. Thon came the expected war with Germany, which resulted in the loci of Scliloswig and Ifolittoin. This was a crushing blow, but tho national spirit was not broken. A now determ ination to make agnin for itself a place of honor among the nations of the By L. L. Friend. No one can travel far in Denmark without discovering that the Danes mwo,ld' thouKh not attin witl "mt nd an usually intelligent and well edn-(warfare. It was in the awakening of cated people. This ia just as true of :the intolliffono0 of the people, and the the rural population as of the towns and cities. Denmark Is essentially a lftnd of schools, and education is al most a passion with the Danish people. Most interesting of all Danish edu cational institutions, and the ono that has ua ile the greatest part In bringing bout the present high standard of in-toIligi'd-e among the poople of rural Denmark, Is the popular high schoo', or tin "folk high school," as it is called. This Is precisely what its nar:o implies, a high school for the poopln, not a vocational school, but a school where young men and women may re turn fer a little while to studies thnt broaden their minds and make Ufa morenviwth while. Three and Four Month Course. In nost Danish folk high school. two-courses are offered each year, a development of the resources of the tand, that the nation saw the promise of restored national prestige. This, it was belioved, could be accomplished only through education. The new reliance on education led at once to tho recognition of the possibil ities of tlio folk high school and to the ronl beginning of the high school movement. The school at Rodiling was moved across the now German border to Askov and a number of new schools wore estnbliBhod in different parts of Denmark. Students flocked to them and their influence grew with great rapidity. Today there' are close to SO folk high schools in Denmark, with a total annual enrollment of almost, ten. thou sand studontB. Over ten per cent of the population of Denmark - pass four nct.ths' courso in tho winter for 'through these schools. . At .a number young men, and a .throe-months' courjo'of the schools thore are many more ap in the sununor for young women. Thojplicants for admission than can be ac studonU generally are from 18 to 25 eeptod. This soema tho more remark years of age. Most of them have ablo when it Is remembortd that no completed the work of the elementary ' preferments aro promised to those who schools several years prior to tlioir at-jattond them. The young peoplo go for tendance at the folk high schools. Thoy tho Inspiration and the intellectual up come to tho high iehool--the most. lift that tho schools afford and for the Important poriod In their lives from procuration that they give for life, tho standoiiit of education. These 1 Intense Earnestness of the Students, schools aro located in the country and It la difficult for one who has not are maintained primarily for country visited these school to understand how youth. The students are therefore so much can be accomplished in so for the most part sons and daughters 'short a time. Tho secret lies in the of farmers, though among thorn aro intense seriousness of the students, found many young people from other They are maturo and earnest. Thov nlks in life. come voluntarily, eager to receive Whllo thoy have very definite edu- what the school has to give. They live raphy and literature are attached the greatest importance in the folk high schools. For these subjects teachers of power and personality are chosen tonehers who know how to interpret the meaning of history and make its teachings clear; who are able to reveal the spirit that operated in the life of a great man In such a way as to make it .react in the lives of those they teach; who know the truths and beau ties of great books and poems and are ablo to bring them within the grasp of their pupils. These subjects are pre sented mainly by lectures. There is little committing of lessons to momory for ..classroom repetition, but the stu donts are frequently permitted and encouraged to engage in the freest (lis cusBion of the subjects upon which thoir Instructors have lectured! Every- whore tho aim of the folk high school is not so much to impart a certain dosignatod amount of textbook infor mation in a prescribed length of time, as to arouse the intellectual life of the students, to start new forces operating in their lives, to make them want to live more efficiently and nobly, and to teach thorn how to do so. Teaching Patriotism. It is an inspiring thing to be present in one of these schools at a lecture hour. From 50 to 100 young men are seated before the lecturer. They are strong and healthy, cloar-eyed and ex. poctant. As the theme of the lectors unfolds, thoir eyes light up with intor est and understanding. Thero is little taking of notes; every young man list ens intently that he may tatch clearly every thought presented. Development of intoHoct, character and power is taking place under the influence of the simple but- forceable presentation of tho teacher. Five months is a short school term, but it is long enough to inspire ideals and to give new motives to human lives. Hundred of voting ideals and to give new motives to hu man lives. Hundreds of young Danish farmers In this brief time have boon so awakened and aroused that tho whole current of their lives has been changed,. They have not pwhaps stored up a vast amount of information, but they havo learned the-value of kuowledge and have boon taught now to learn from books and men. As in the first folk high school at Rodding, the touching of patriotism continues to have au important place in theBo schools. Tho study of the his tory and literature of Denmark con tributes especially to this end. The singing of folk and patriotic songs is also a very important part of each day's program. In the morning before the regular work of the day begins, the students assemble for prayer and soug. At the beginning of each lecture hour a song rational aims,-tho folk high schools do together in tlio school buildings with not strongly emphasize the acquisition the principal and his corps of assist of textbook information. Textbooks 'ants liko a great family. There aro are used to some extent, but play only 'opportunities for socinl Intercourse and a minor part. No entrance require- for physical training, but there are no menta urn proscribed and thero aro no distracting influences; no time is examinations. No attempt is made to wasted. Every day i a busy one from ' ,m 'l,'h,' leading. In tho prepare students for entrance to higher early morning till tho hour for the evening also, when the regular work Institutions, and no diplomas are con- eveninir meal: and In some schools'0' ,np l'a.v ' done, it is not uncom- ferrod at the end of tho course, .there are lectures and other school Tho course of study consists in part exorcise at night, of a review of the more iinHrtant elo- As luis been said, to history, biog- I have the two leading brands of rubber goods, the Cmoilyrar and 1 Itall brands in light and heavy weight. Three different styles in J logger's shoe, U in. top, $,".00 to s.so. In the north window you will seo something neew in Colonial Felt Slipiers for Indies, just the thing for useful preserts. 4 t t Jacob Vogt t x J 220 North Commercial Street. J : t uiiii 111 a 11c jucau t The most powerful engine! ever put into a motorcycle j .1 1 wonderful motor Klirrt Villi IWI tttA f. 1.1..' ka-ti.M ..-.. H I.. U j .W- ... si.-, j vii lliv " Ml II IVIU HUl W1C , Jr Vvrplvtur Atitiw-vi'l I'vrv V v.-.l. i.tr ,, M yT .j..t, s itin 1 v v till , l IKIl'l litVllIU fjr victo-y is nailtf witht his regular Hock design motor. f You can well be proud to ride an Excelsior Autocycle Model 7 c the Leader 'of the line The Ilig 7 Twin, chain drive, the fast,.! and nu,t powerful m chine ever built, with cushion soat post, double brakes, folding f,.ot rests and luggage carrier at i-Urt, ith two sj,,.,.,), t ay Vmpimnt; following extra Ileum: riiwodometer, Vtvsl ol.it tank, frt.nt and rr lamps. Optienl, eUvtrie lamps and t storage batter tea at S0 rxtra, BICYCLES, eurruEs AND REPAIRS. The Oakland, Savage and Iver Johnson, iS to ' ca.h or install incut. cr. . - Morse & Ramsden 211 South High Ktrtxvt, Those Nur men for teachers and students to spend an hour in singing. The patriotic teaching of the high schools is not of the sentimental or boastful kind. Tho patriotism of being true and noble Danes and of living Uvea of service in times of ponce is nmphnsiscd more than the patriotism of serving tho country in times of war. The men most frequently com memorated by portraits, tablets and statutes in the high schools arc men who have rendered service to the peo ple in social nnd economic improve ment and mornl reform. Cooperation in Education. Tho folii high schools have not been established by the government but nre ine result 01 private initiative sup ported by a strong popular desire for education. Some of them owned and controlled by individuals and others by high school societies. These have been aided by gift and loans from the people of the communities in which the schools are located. They therefore represent the cooperative effort of the people to provide for themselves the kind of education they need. They are inspected by the government, however and when they come up to certain re quirements are recognized by the State department of education and receive small annual grants from the national treasury. Deserving students who are not able to hoar their own expenses while attending a high school may re ceive assistance from a fund appro priated by the government for that purpose. Tho maximum amount of as sistauce allowed to a student is 21 kroner ($tV.) per month. Student) pay kroner (19.4M per month in winter and 32 kroner (.6t) pr month lu dimmer for tuition, board and lodging. The accommodations provided are plain but comfortable. The influence folk of high schools upon the life of the poople of rural Denmark has bwn remarkable. Hjorn sen sptvke of tho Danish pttu-antry as "the mot intelligent In the world." This is generally accepter as tnie; an v their enliglituu-nt is in no small inoas ore the work of the popular high vhools, Thce schools have taught the Pauish farmer to think and to apply science to the cultivation of the soil. They have brought togvthor among 1 hem a spirit of mutual trust and ton fide-nco. Tho influence of then school rea. hes prattirallr all the epte o( rural Denmark. Vach autumn meetings are conducted by most of the high schools that continue for three or four day and are attended by hundred, of pespl from the Beighloring farm and viriatoa. Erarrwhere ia Daaiah educatioa, in agriculture, there is the closest co operation. In this cooperative move ment for education among the rural population many of the cities and towns unite. In Copenhagen, for in stance, there is a society that arranges excursions from the country to the cap ital for educational purposes. The ex cursionists are conducted by members of the society to the great museums, art galleries, botanical' gardens, and other institutions of the city, where lectures are given concerning these in stitutions and what they contain. In the national theater at Copenhagen plays are sometimes given especially for the country people. On such oc casions a merely nominal admission fee is charged. Turning Out Seal Leaders. High school men ploy an important part in government affairs and in other fields of ' activity in Denmark. Five members of the present Danish cabinet are from folk high schools j the Prime Minister, the Minister of j Education, the Minister of Agriculture, the Minister of the Interior, and Traf jfic Minister. Four of these are far mers. Many members of the lower house of the Danish Parliament are also high school men. Of those who fill positions as superintendents, man agers, and officials in the cooperative agricultural societies and enterprises, 80 per cent have been in the folk high, schools. The great work that the folk high schools are doing for the people of rural Denmark can not be summed up better than in the words of one of the foremost of Danish high school prin cipals. "The mission of the folk high. schools," he said "is not to give the people a few facts of this science and a few facts of that scionce, so much as to awaken the minds of its pupils, to arouse iu them a feeling of brother hood, to give them a knowledge of themselves and of life, to help them to realize their worth. We want our pu pils to say when they leave, 'Now I will go back to my work and more clearly see the meaning of it and more deeply feel the dignity of it." (Continued from page 17.) a tube of library paste you can fashion the most exquisite gifts with bristol board or cardboard foundations Buch as desk blotters and book racks, calendars and dainty books to hang on the tele phone and record oftneeded telephone numbers, jewel and sewing boxes, wostepoper baskets and lampshades. With a .touch of gold lace and a few of the dainty French flowers of silk and ribbons you will have creditable rivals of the imported French gold lace and brocade art work that ia aa costly as it is beautiful. For the kiddles there are new fashioned trains of Bteel cars that run by electricity, wonderful miniature yachts, and automobiles run by the same power. There are aUo elegantly outfitted Parisian dollikins that talk, walk and sing, musical chairs that will trill you a lay while you sit in 'em and oh everything that child hearts could wish for, inventors and artists devise and Dad pay for and lots that he can't. AUSTRIA'S COAST DEFENSE. ONITBD PEIS8 LEASED WIHS. VIENXA, Dec. 20. The Austrian naval administration today ordered for the new coast defense fortifications a number of 16.5 inch morters which will throw high power shells weighing near ly a ton ten miles.. It is claimed that one shell, striking fairly, would de molish a dreadnought. iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiin Startling Exclusive ark the 1914 M 1 Improvements I Harley-Davidson Step - Starter Selective Two - Speed Double Brake Control EE Double Control of Free Wheel Folding Foot Boards Ful-Flote-Ej ing Seat Many Other Important Improvements. H Step-Starter Starts Machine With Rider in the H Saddle and Both Wheels on the Ground. j! '"PHE 1914 Harley-Davidson Is marked for the innovations it EE presents. Innovations, but not experiments, for every feature has stood the test of months and months of hard road service. H The Step-Starter an exclusive feature furnishes the only practi- cal method of starting a motorcycle. If the rider accidentally stalls the motor it is no longer necessary to hold up traffic on a crowded H street, find a level place in the road, get off in the mud, and set the machine on the stand to start it A downward push on either pedal and the motor again begins to throb. Selective Type of Two-Speed The Harley-Davidson selective type of two 5E speed has proven itself to be exceptionally reliable, extremely simple and wonderfully efficient It is ing to the height of the rider. This overcomes the housed inside the rear hub, thus avoiding dust, dirt great objection to the ordinary type of foot boards r. t - a i !J t 'ti t . . Folding Foot Boards The Harley-Davidson foot boards are unusually long permitting a great variety of positions accord- or damage. Its speeds are selective and the rider can shift from low to high or high to low or to neutral at any time whether the machine is stand ing still or in motion. Doable Brake Control The new Harley-Davidson Band Brake may be operated by a foot lever on the right foot board or by back pedaling on either pedaL Double Control of Free Wheel Free Wheel Control is operated by hand or foot. With his hands on the handle-bars the rider hps complete control of the 1914 Harley-Davidson. Duiit oniy to tit the ordinary man. With the Harley-Davidson foot boards whether the rider is tall or short he is not forced to assume an uncom fortable position. Ful-Floteing Seat For the third successive year the Ful-Floteing Seat is standard. This patented device floats the weight of the rider between two concealed springs, assimilating all jars and vibration due to rough roads. Other Refinements Over thirty desirable improvements are notice able on the new Harley-Davidson. Call, phone or write for advance announcement describing in E3 detail the many new features cf the 1914 Harley-Davidson EE Hauser Bros., Salem and Albany j H Distributors for Marion, Polk, Benton and Linn Counties H ill!!I!lllill!i!l!!!llllll!lllin