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About Daily capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1903-1919 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 2, 1905)
t'B"' HBfiWfe '. Sh--- ? yn 'Ut ' 5"f' WW' .. H.fti,l II zr I,.' BA1LY CAPITAL JOURNAL, BALEM, OREGON, MONDAY, JANUARY 2, 1005, 20 SEPTIC Ono of tlic greatest problems in small cities imil towns is tin' subject ol! disposing of sewage, and this knot- J. P. VEATCH. iy question Iihh no doubt been more nenrly solved by tln introduction of what nro known as sfjitU' sewers than by any other modern discovery. Salem has profited largely in a san itary way by tlio introduction of this great discovery. Tlio septic sower en ables every household to have perfect sower privileges without referenco to or connection with a public sower. A number of these sewers have been in stalled In Salem, and they aro proving a great swoosh. The Journal wishes to briefly describe what one of them is like, and hopes to be able to carry a clear conception to its readers. Jn the first pine, tlio sewering and connections from the house lire con structed .just as they would bo for a public sewer. Through this the sow ago is discharged into what !h known as tho septic tank. This tank, for a tdnglo family, is about .'W 1x0 feet. It is made of cement or concrete walls about four inches thick. It Is built so that tho upper edge of tlio tank is on it level with the mouth of tho sower pipe from tlio house at. the juncture of tho two. Thus all sewago from tho liouso is emptied into this water-tight tank, unci the question naturally up permost in tho minds of inquiring peo ple is. "What becomes of it?" At the opposite side of tlio tank from wlionco the sewage is received is an outlet jiipo on an exact level with the la-take. Both these pipes enter the tank with an elbow which turns downward about 10 inches. Tlio result is that all the nolld matter which goes into tho tank floats to the surface. This forms a erust. The liquid matter remains be low, and when tho tank becomes tilled it is very apparent that as a quantity of sewugo is discharged into the tank nt tlio intake, an equal quantity is forced through tho outlet, lint that which is forced out is simply tho liq uid. Tho crust or scum of solid matter which forms on top becomes six to eight inches thick, and is a solid mass, in which tho ihoiiiiciilUntion takes place, ami thus the solid uud liquid matter are separated. Tho stdld mat ter, by n chemical process of nature, nlwnrliH Itself, and only tho liquid, which Is almost pure water, is earned nwny through ordinary drain tile, either into an open ditch or into a miming stream, and is perfectly odorless. In many instnnces where the slope is suf licient tho contents of the outlet pipe SEWERS simply Bonks away into tho ground and becomes a system of sub-irrigation. Tln-so facts nro obtained from Mr. J. I'. Veatch, the concrete worker of this city, who Inn successfully put in a number of these septic sewers. He is enthusiastic in their praise, and is confident that moro of them will bo built from year to year. Ho is also confident that their practical use has been demonstrated beyond a doubt, and that thoy will bo used for all time. Persons interested In tho subject of sewering their city or suburban homes would do well to discuss tho mutter with Mr. Veatch, whoso portrait is presented herewith. . o Facts About Alfalfa. (By Fred Achilles, F. . M. No. 8, Salem, Marion County.) Thero is no doubt in my mind that alfalfa can bo grown as a profltnblo ami successful crop in Western Ore gon, and oven on tho tide lands. T have alfalfa four foot high nt pres ent that was sown eight years ago and has never died out. Jn all I huvo be tween 25 und 30 acres in nlfnlfa. 1 turn off 100 hogs each year, fattening them on groen alfalfa and dry meal, and tho butchers to whom 1 sell my pork all say it 1ms flavor that they cannot find iu other pork. My first experience was with California seed, but I lmvo sinco used imported seed and find it bettor. Tho California seed costs lVj cents a pound, while the imported costs 20 cents. Land sown last year In Juno was cut for hay May 30, and produced thrco tons to tho aero. Sinco then I huvo let the dock eat it down three times. Cow i .ir..lf.. ..!... Ctm tn turned on green iiiiumi k"v "", '" i six qunrts moro milk per day. Dairy men at rortianil say nicy pruiur uinu fa hay to any other for dry feed, and I lmvo no troublo to sell at good prices. Some of my best alfalfa stands on land that if) overflowed 'u -vintcr six to eight feet. It docs not pay to be stingy with seed in sowing alfalfa. I . i.f "ii iw. inula n tlin acre. On old land 1 put $5 limnuro to tho acre. Wow laud twice, onco 15 inches deep with four horses, drng it well five or six past season was larger and tlio crop tunes before sowing. To innlto a per fiet crop tho alfalfn field should bo separately fenced or lmvo movable fences to feed down with hogs or eowa when ready. After sown, before it . . . . . i .... .nt. gets into iiioom it hiiuiiiu no cm. me first year of growth it must be cut 03 often as it gets ready to bloom. If you let it go to seed mo nrsi year, you spoil tho stnnd und check all fu ture growth. As often as you mow it down the first year, you send tho, roots .liw.iti.f fimt i.iumfi it In Ktnol out. Tho loots will finally go to water or moist earth, and then you have tho founda tion for a lino stiind and can feed or mil nk- nftiiti tm it. i-nines tin after the llrtt year. Tlio crop is nt least flva tons to the ucre. The season of 1901 has been very dry, but my alfalfa fields are green. 1 have several patch es mi new bottom land that has just been cleared of trees and it docs very well there. The main thing ia the t'rjt year. Do not let it get into bloom and 'keep stock off. After you get your stand yon can feed it down to tho ground, and it will coiao up thicker than tver. n Onion Growing in Orogou. (!!y J. H. Dlinick, Hubbard, Marion County, Oregon.) There is considerable land in West em Oregon known as u peat land or beaver-dam laud that is especially adapteil to producing onions. Any kind of sandy loam or rich bottom land, will raise lino onions, but not as largo a ero as tho above-described soil. Tho beaver-dam laud is mostly foui.d in crook and river bottoms. It in i ...lt laud, consisting of decomposed egi-ii.blc matter. This kind of lnnd grows the largest crops of white, ycl loir mid brown onions, or onion setts. It should bo thoroughly cleansed of Ask Yout Gtocet roots and plowed in tho full. In the' spring, it must bo gono over with the disk hnrrow, nnd finally dragged. For largo onions, we sow tho seed in drills about one foot apart. Sets nre sown In mntted rows, cigiu 10 ten juumuu wide. Tho rows are eight inches apart. Crop is cultivated with machine culti vator nnd hand hoeing between the rows or mats. Weeds in tho rows or mats must bo removed by hand. oFr growing large onions wo thin tho rows to ono or two onions for each thrco incl.rs in tho row. Hnrvcst when ripe by catting under the onious to loosen them from tho ground. Then rnko thrco or lour rows together and let them i'rv thoroughly. Hub off tho tops, sack them in field and store them in tlio warehouse for marketing. I am grow.ng four acres this year. Had six litres in 1002. Wo count on get ting 300 pounds of sets onions from one jound of seed, or 20,000 pounds sots to tho acre. On tho best land OHO to 700 sacks of lnrgo onions to tho acre no counted nn average crop. It lake four to four nnd a half pounds of seed to tno acre. no gei, uum $1.75 to $2.25 a sack from shipping point. That is tho prevailing price in Februaty. Wo sometimes sell in tho fiel I in tho full at $1 a sack. Like the hop business, tho onion business has its tips ami downs. When prices go above $2 a sack production is rap idly increased and prices go down. I find ni) best market in Southern Cali fornia Arizona and uian. jery grower has to build up his trado by producing a superior articlu in order to tench the maximum profit. Uy ruis-1 lug scd for that particular purpose, 1 am able to grow a lato-kecping onion. Ordinarily thoy begin to sprout during the month of February, but I nm able to grow them so that thoy will not sprout until tlio middle of March. Tho wav to grow onions successfully is to have the light kind of land and then keep it perfectly clean and frco of woo-Ih. 1 keep my onion land as clean as a pallor floor, and allow no weeds to grow at nny time in tho year. I scitter Mi aw along tho edgo of my licit and uurn everyiaing rigni up i" Hi.. (,.ii.ra tn lrunn out tho weeds. A boy weeded ono and three-fifth miles along tho rows in ono day. Largo quantities of onion setts and seed aro grown in tlio vicinity of Salem, Wood- burn, Jltlbliaru ami .Aurora aim uu places in Marion county. Hubbard is the home of tlio onion sot Industry. I would almost bo afraid to say how mrch can be made from nn aero put out to onions, und handled exactly right, lor fear your readers would .l.,.il,l tl.n nnrrnntnnsq of 111V fll?urCS. Wo eoiHJder onions a very profltnblo crop ami iihvo innno goou money ruin ing them for many years. I could af ford to ;i $500 an ncro for the best union land' and clear my investment on the first year's crop. o Red Clover. (Uy M. L. Jones, of Brooks, Marlon County, Oregon.) Bed clover is a successful crop in Western Oregon on nearly all lands, from tlio foothills of tho Coscndcs to tho Pacific ocean. Tlio vnluo of clo ver feed and tho fertilizing qunlities of tho growing crop nro too well under stood to need any discussion. My most successful experience in getting n good stand of clover is to carefully cultivate tho land for n crop of grnin ns early ns tho laud can bo worked in tho spring, sowing tho elover seed bo hind tho grain drill nnd following up with a harrow. With any ordinary summer, i wouiii uApi-ui. iu nui. u nuuu l.i.i.l ..P Mrit.ni- If tlin utnptf nrfl knnt Pill. .11 Vf. L., ....... . u...... ... w .( . off tlio ground while it is wet, on fairly goou lliuu ffi) nmiii j;ul uwiii im iw 4' in. Lino my in.ru. Tlio nlnvnr mokes a better quality of hay if cut as early ns 11 will nn, nun nm rucuiiu viuji iyiii then bo mucli better, whether for pas-, ture, hay or seed. Whon tho clover is left standing until tho stalks get hard,' tho second crop is not nearly so good nnd in a very dry season a stand of clover will bo very much injured, if nut tntiillv ilnst riwml. Mv rotation la a clover hay crop' for two seasons, fob J lowed by ono season of pasturing or cultivating, and seeding in grain. As u rulo tho less amount of grain seed to tho aero that is sown tho bettor stand of clover. Have tho laud in thoroughly good condition nnd sow plenty of clover seed to the acre. From nine to 12 pounds or clover seen io W I i Wt PURITY GBBB5BB GBBBB&& tho ncro is required, nnd Oregon grown seed is prcferrod. Tho following spring a full crop can bo cut, and if got off reasonably early a second crop can bo cut for seed. Present prices of clo ver is $10 per ton baled f. o. b. nt nearest shipping point. Tlio first crop on good land will reach thrco tons per ncro. This year tho seed crop will bo light, owing to tho long dry summer, but nu nverngo crop of seed is thrco to six bushels to tho acre, worth from $5 to $0 per bushel. I estimate- tho cost of making tho clover crop at $4 per ton, baled and ready for shipment. This is nn outside figure, where nil the work is hired done. Tho expenso of baling is $1.50 to $2 per ton, tho farm er usually doing all tho rest of the work ami making tho profit. Clover lasts two years. If you sow threo to fivo pounds of timothy seen per aero with tho clover, you will got a grass crop that stands fivo yenrs. Clover on bottom lands can bo cut for three years. Clover seed costs $1 per bushel for hulling. Figuring three tons to tho ncro, nnd deducting $(3 for baling, would leave $24. Add vnluo of n crop of seed, and vnluo of pasturo nnd im provement in tho fertility of the soil, lot Wo linndle nil brands of liquors nnd wines thnt nro included in pure qualities. TO SELL ONLY PURE LIQUORS SHOULD BE THE HIGHEST AIM OF A LIQUOR DEALER. IT IS THE ROOK UPON WHICH ALL SUCCESS FUL BUSINESS IS BASED. THIS COURSE Hit always won for us in the wholesale liquor business. I lias been the con stant aim of this house to sell none but the highest grades of liquors distilled in the United States. Upon this theory this business has been built, and has been rewarded with success. J. P ROGERS 2 J 8-222 Commercial Street, Salem, Oregon. which will moro than pay nil cost of seed, wear und tear of machinery and fences. Clover should bo cut in June, whether it has been pastured or not, to get a good quality of hay nnd main tain n good stand of clover for tho next year. o Loganberries. (By A. M. LuFollott," Rt. 2, Gervais, Marion County, Oregon.) Tho Lopnnberrv is a successful nnd jrofitablo crop in Marion county. I set out a lot four years ago nnd tho following year I picked two 24-quart crates to tlio vine. Tho following year I had a crop from 200 2-year-old vines nnd about 250 1 yenr old. Tho crop brought mo 423 -crates. This year, 1004, I picked from 1250 vines about G9U crates, tho dry summer cutting tho yield down about ono-third. My vinos occupy ono nnd one-third acres. My son has seven ncres out, nnd nil first year crop, and marketed 1523 crates. Wo got almost $1.05 per crate for tho crop, soiling nearly all nt Port land. Tho nbovo prico is f. o. b. at shipping poiut, by boat or express. Tim Tiinkinc cost nlinnt 20 cent Tier crate, tho fruit being easier gathered niszzttCKZSB&fsssBSMma Btrtte HHHHBHHB thnn strawberries. Tho crates and boxes cost us nbotit 13 cents. Tho net prico in tho mnrkct is about 70 cents to tho grower. Plants nro sold on tho ground for $30 per thousand. They arc set out eight foot npart each way, and strung on four wires, No. 12 to 13, costing nbout $25 nn ncro for wiring. Tho posts nro set 32 foot apart along tho rows, and it takes about 100 to 200 posts to tho acre, costing about $1G to $20 per ncro. Counting 600 plants to tho acre, tho cost of putting out Loganberries is nbout $00 per acre, nnd so far thero is no limit to tho timo a patch will last. Cultivation is by plow nnd then with spring-tooth harrow. As soon as tho fruit is off tho old vinos nro cut nnd the now vines nro trailed on the wires. Tho old vines nro cut up with n disk harrow nnd plowed under. The Loganberry requires tho very best soil nnd a well-drained location, but will stand n great deal of moisture in sum mer. O uV J3 "2? o aa X Jk. . Ber tho 9 lk8 Kind You Hara Always Bo'ijkt Blgcatnr ' y&rf--ip' of iaX7-cucuti 'VlrV . BTzrMJ rfl. i V. M I 41 V ! 'tins I M vl I '41 vl I ,! 'Jl t ,'