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About The Gate city journal. (Nyssa, Or.) 1910-1937 | View Entire Issue (April 28, 1910)
SEVEN COAL DISTRICTS D evelopm ent ' of the Industry in the Pittsburg Region Is Phenomenal. MILLIONS OF TONS ARE MINED. One Hundred Thousand Square Miles o f the Finest Bituminous Coal Fields In the World. The coal Industry of the Pittsburg illalrloL was developed in at leasl •even distinct districts, according to a writer In the Pittsburg Leader. First was the limited mining at Pittsburg for strictly local consumption; then small mining along the Monongahela river, the product being conveyed to Pittsburg by keel boats; next the traffic down the Ohio river In flat- boats, beginning in 1817; then the great development of the upper river collieries by the glacV-water system o f the Monongahela Navigation Com pany In 1844; In the succeeding year the employment of towboats for the Ohio river trade; seven years later the beginning of railroad transportation, and, lastly, the development of coke- making. Coal was first found In western Pennsylvania, cropping out of the steep hill on the southern side of the Monongahela river. It was noticed by the British and American soldiers soon after they took possession here In 1758. The coal made a black streak across the face of the cliff and, like a black banner, heralded the future greatness of the place. The first soft coal mined In America was In Virginia and small pits had for many years been worked In eastern Pennsylvania. In 1800 a man named Thomas Jones first attempted to transport coal down the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. His method was crude. The coal was hauled by teams down thé hillside and loaded Into flat-bottom boats, the ca pacity of which was from five to twen ty-five tons. In some instances the ooal was put in bags and thrown down a crude chute to the base of the hill and later carried to the boats by la borers. After the boat was loaded It was floated down the river to the best market. Who would have thought that a beginning of this kind would develop Into a system like that of the present day Flats to-day carry 1,000 tons and sometimes more. One steam er took a tow of 50,000 tons at one trip down the Ohio anil Mississippi rivers Ao tile New Orleans market. employed as miners In the United States last year were 518,000 men In the bituminous and anthracite dis tricts. The average production of each man was 520 tons of coal for the year. In the year 1814 coal cost 12 cents a bushel, and was thought to be cheap at that price. Coke was first made in pits In the ground, but In 1841 ovens were erected In Connellsvtlle, and the coke trade began to boom. Coke was discovered by two carpenters who did not have the money to place their In vention on the market, and at that time It was Impossible for them to convince the people that it made a better and hotter fire than coal. FOR COUSIN CORNELIA. '•’ t i e G i r l * F lu -il t ilt h I |i t h e G u e s t F r illy lio o m T ilin g s . •There," Emilia said, with a sigh of satisfaction, "1 lmlleve that Is the last touch. Wasn’t It fortunate, Pen, that that pincushion Della Stacey gave you Christmas was yellow? It fits as If U grew here; It certainly Is a beauty." " V d i !" responded Pen, doubtfully. Rmllle turned with suspicion born of lifelong acquaintance. ’’.Now what Is It?" she asked. “ It Is pretty, even If It Is ’frilly.’ ’’ •’Nothing. I was Just wondering whether Cousin Cornelia liked pin cushions In the shape of roses, and frilly whisk broom cases, and green- ribboned hatpin cushions and carved glove cases that you can’t keep the dust out of.” Rmllle dropped Into a chair and looked at her sister. “ Pen Merrlfleld, what do you mean? Haven’t we put all our prettleet things Into our guest room?” "Prettiest—and fussiest. I wouldn’t ho hired to live with them, and have to put pins back In the same holes, end never dare elt on the bed and - Don't look ao, Em! I’m a brute! it Is ever so pretty, and maybe Cousin Cornelta adores such things. 1 de serve to be shut up ln a whitewashed roll for even suggesting such horrid heresies." Pen penitent, was always Irrealstb his Besides, Pen always did have queer notions The Idea of a guest room without a fancy pincushion! Cousin Cornelia arrived at 4 o'clock. Pen gave s smothered gasp when she u s her—certainly she didn't look •frilly;” but apparently Rmllle was eot troubled She took their guest up stair*. chattering all the way In her pretty fashion. Ten minutes later, when the girls were together In their room, there was a knock at the door Rmllle. opening It, stared speechless Cousin Cornells stood before her Over Cousin Coraella's shoulders were the lace bedspread sad pillow-shams; In her hands was a miscellaneous assortment. In which the rellow rose pincushion, the greea-rlb* boned hatpin cushion and the lace bu INTERNATIONAL WAR. reau cover were prominent. 1 1 1 1 JL1 U V JL A Ävl ^ J t a t t le B e t w e e n T a r s F a d e d b y P o "I always think it’s foolishness.” l i c e m a n 's I n t e r v e n t i o n . Cousin Cornelia remarked, "not to be A sailor from a British ship stood In comfortable if you can. I couldn't be toad street the other morning gazing comfortable a minute »1th these gtm- cracks. Give me a plain bedspread If t the to.vering buildings, the New ork Sun says. Moved by the thoughts you've got one— if not, I’ll do without, years; Helen conquered Troy, and rival the professional man I Women Who Are lllygrontled. hich arose In him he remarked to and a hemstitched towel for the bu A writer in the Baltimore Star has plunged all the nations of antiquity turns from the profession] te world at large: I'We could stand reau. and a tray or a box—anything It has not been many Into war, and gave the earliest, as It without ribbons, for pins. I’ve suf ff your bloomin' 'Ook and smash an excellent article on the discontent Is still the grandest, epic which has lawyers as professional n«J lese 'ere skyscrapers while *• w a s o f the average woman. She says: fered enough trying not to spoil guest “ Women are discontented because come down to us through all ages. make huge fees. It h.i-S| room folderols In places where I ykln’ tea." years since the first wo ............... ............... A sailor from an American warship they are bad losers. There Is not one Poetry, music and Action are based | couldn't speak out. but when ............ I’m Belva Lockwood, achieved || among relatives I'm going to have rulslng without much seeming pur- woman In a million that s got a drop upon woman's love, and all the move* already women lawyers ai q J 'J uents of history are mainly due to the ose overheard the remark, drew up of sporting blood in her \elns. i n | the relief of telling the truth.” not only fame, but fees “ Yes, Indeed. Cousin Cornelia. I’m longslde the speaker hhd said: “ You. she doesn t win out I say It In shame sentiments or ambitions she has In- Miss Mary E. Miller, a Ch| 1,0 glad you did,” Emllte replied, meek ouldn't hit the whole State of New ; for my sex— she welches. This Is par spired. From the hearthstone, around which lingers the recollections of our yer and suffragette, won a $ ly. She did not glance at Pen; but 'ork If you had smooth water and all tlcularly true In matrimony "Most of the fretful, discontented mother, from the fireside, where our on a $3,000,000 lawsuit over^ who was generous, gravely re- ay to find the range." t ■ women are married women, and their wife awaits us, comes all the home, of the late William Brosa.t "Several people stopped; a police- Ueved (Cousin Cornelia complaint Is about the monotony of all the purity, all the courage with been admitted to the bar oil nan drew near. ! counterpane.— Youth’s Companion. years domestic life. They wall out that which we fight the battles of life. ” W Tl "Why not?” asked the Britisher. In Boston the women Laty j( doing tasks that "Because of that,” replied the Yan- they are always of trade of their own. In h f i Strllnh Foulard Gown. have to be done right over again. That ee. last September the Internal has they are cooking meals that are no "That” was a well-directed blow eration of Business Women "T « » hlch landed on the Briton’s chin and sooner cooked than eaten; sweeping lzed. There Is also the p H /hlch drew a w in ter equally well floors that have to be swept up again Woman’s League and scorti ~H©\ Imed at the Tat See's chin. Neither darning socks that have got holes in such organizations. Wometjn ct vas very swift, possibly because of a them the next day, and washing baby lng themselves ln unions. ”H * »rtaln degree of fatigue noted In both faces that have got bread and Jam on Invaded all but seven of thi All of the Marconi wireless tele allors produced by over-indulgence In them In ten minutes. cupatlons enumerated In *achlr “ True, domestic life Is monotonous graph stations in the British Isles dght-seelng. reports. ’ *nl fln I s every other kind of work In The policeman took each sailor hy have been secured oy the postmaster And now they are captui|Jw'" general of the United Kingdom for i shoulder, shoved one north and one the world that one follows for a liv man’s choicest strongholds^ south and said; ‘‘G'wan!" The sail- \ lng. The bookkeeper adds up one that government's telegraph system. tlon of being a self-made j Somebody has Invented a combined j ^rs g'waned a little, but, moved by a column of figures after another the millionaire.— Bookkeeper. electric lamp and shaving mirror In ommon purpose, circled the officer and year around. The shoemaker makes which the reflector can he arranged oresently had exchanged blows again thousands of pairs of shoes one after N e e d l e w o r k N ot to throw the light only upon the face j The patient cop again separated and another. The merchant wrestles with Birdseye stitch Is an el below the eyes, no light falling upon I 'aunched them In opposite directions, i the same cranky customers day in line stitch. the mirror or the eyes. | ut now he kept an eye on their move- and day out. The grinding monotony A dainty Jabot Is of greet nents. Seeing them, with an exhlbl- of a woman’s work In the house Is From this time forward there may a batted lace bow. be a diminution In the totals of exca-1 lon of hla own degree of patiencs. not a bit more wearying than a man's Raffia embroidery Is one vatlon reported from the Panama '* aln coming to close quarters, he In- Is at his table or desk, yet men get , 'n n r a n a . I I n l a n a n r a A n t a # t h a t v n m r lr t l H TV i l TY1A 71 | pleasure out of their work, O and women ular novelties of the seasoi canal. This Is due to the facts that ervened. "See here, lads,” he said, holding get nothing but discontent out of Spanish embroidery lg portions of the excavation have been finished, and that as the excavation i hem apart- "V0” must K'wan " th« lra- effective on a white linen s grows deeper the number of shovels “* ('an knock hla block o t t " th* Yan‘ ( "II la because they are lying down A color and color-numbei that can be employed will be reduced. :ea declared. ; on their Jobs. They are not being useful accessory of the sewi "H i’d be doin’ some'nt w'lle 'e's do- ; dead game sports. They dope It out Herr Knauth, the architect In charge Ivory rings are better >ng that,” declared the Briton. | on some fool system that, although of the cathedral of Strassburg, has work than the brass ones, “ You don’t want me to run you In." ! matrimony may fhean work, for them awakened considerable Interest by his not tarnish. he copper urged. “ Go back to your j It Is going to be some sort of a gilded studies of the principles of construc Honlton applique, ln a ___ ihlps.” [ romance, and when It Isn't, when they | M i u tion followed by the great catehdral- "I'd go, but I 'aven’ t a tuppence In find out that they’ve got to do with knot and flower design mad“ ¿j,,,, builders of former times. He shows me trousers for the tube,” said the out some of the things they wanted bahy’s cap. that they are Identical with those used Briton. j and do a lot of things they don’t want A combination of Frenc!i| by the builders of the Egyptian pyra “ And I haven't a nickel In my Jeans j to do, they put up a howl about what let embroidery is extremeljj mlds, and are based on triangulation. for car fare, neither,” the Yankee said. | poor, persecuted creatures they are. dainty lingerie. The same simple geometrical figure The copper sighed softly, produced “ Women are discontented because Dotted wistaria satin foulard was underlies all these constructions. More A dainty necktie end *wo nickels and gave each sailor one. they are too self-conscious. They spend used to make the gown from which than this, Herr Knauth traces the ar mull had a hemstitched chitectural principle In the formation The tars locked arms and swung off : their time vivisecting their emotions this model was sketched. Plain satin- little flower form ln shad: of crystals, and lays down this form ‘ oward the Wall street underground They coddle their misfortunes and covered buttons are elaborately used dery. | make pets and playthings of their for decoration, and the Empire waist ula: “The laws of proportion In station. Crossbar muslin with h "I say. Jack, your bobbles are a sorrows, and they are never so happy line is defined by a band of velvet medieval architecture are the geomet proper sort,” remarked the Briton. j as when they are miserable. (several shades darker than ground dered scalloped edges makes rical laws of crystallization.” "You bet your life they are,” re-[ “The minute any of us stop to ask of material) attached ln front at and serviceable school apiw||f Dr. R. Marloth has discovered In •ponded the Van ken. ourselves If we are happy and satis bust line by two huge amethyst but small girl. South Africa six species of plants that tons. Chemisette and stock are white A fancy letter for mark! fied, the answer Is bound to be "No. possess “ window-leaves.” They are all Is n.ade of slanting sai ( Because there Is no human being so Irish crochet lace. stemless succulents, and the egg French knots and feather i J ! blessed as not to have some sore spot shaped leaves are embedded In the I W o r k i n g G ir l* an W I t m . stitches. J In his or her heart, some void In life, ground, only the apexes remaining "The working girl makes the best some crumpled rose leaf under the An unusual and pretty hai visible This visible part of the leaves j forty mattresses of ease. Yet women wife ln the world.” This Is the firm Is of sheer white linen wit:! Is flat or convex on the surface, and Even the humblest and least valued ! "’ ho know this fact perfectly well ag assertion of Miss Mary MacArthur, border of hemstitching formig colorless, so that the light can pene- irate It and reach the interior of the of "art” may possess an adapts- * ravat« whatever Ingrowing trouble president of the Women’s Trade Union of an even size. leaf below, which Is green on the In blllty which, when Influenced by affec- they have In their lives by continually League of Great Britain. For the marking of houiefl Miss MacArthur Is a remarkable slde. With the exception of the bhint | tlon' <’an accomplish remarkable re harping upon It. the regular marking cottfl woman. Net yet 30, she has been In "What women need more than any- apex. no paj-t of the leaf Is permeable ! 8V1ta- M>88 Webster, from a north- comes for the purpose sh ou m p trade unionism among It is much more satlsfacl to the light, being surrounded by the eastern State, sojourning In a small j thln* *>80 ln th® world Is to be taught terested ln soil ln which It Is burled. The first1 vll,aKe ln the southwestern part of : tbe gospel of happiness. »They need to women for more than ten years and linen thread. of these plants discovered Is a species i the country, found herself In neighbor- | have 11 impressed upon them that dls has practically built up the English ««The Dollar Princes«1 ly relations with the Widow Nafe, de- content Is cowardice, and that If they organization, of which Bhe Is president, of Bulblne. j don’t like the conditions by which and now numbers fully 210,00 women. Attention of the Geological Survey voted mother of one son, Lorenzo. Her first visit to the widow’s home j tbey are surrounded It Is up to them It Is a very big and definite force ln having been called to a peculiar well English labor movements. In Hamilton Ponntv Ohio, Rn investl- was alm83t w bo" y taken up 1n en’ l° chan« e ' hlnKa. Otherwise to ehut And ln defiance of all the doleful gatlon of It has Just been completed. j forced admiration of the newly ac- I UP' To whine about a thing and still masculine prognostications that girls The well produces both fresh and salt quired crayon portrait of Lorenzo, ae- bear It Is to act the part of a cur dog and women who work outside the home water through two separate pumps. companied by details of the cost and I “ Women also need to have It borne are thereby unfitted for the natural thJ negotiations of purchase. In the *n uP°n them that the woman who The explanation proved to be very simple Two water-hearing beds, con "enlargement” from the tintype, the S°es off ln the summer with the chll- feminine functions of wifehood and fined between layers of limestone, oc mustaehe, the pride of Lorenzo's moth- j dren. who visits mother occasionally, motherhood, Miss MacArthur reiter cur at this point, one above the other er's heart, had been made to assume j who can get off two or three after ates: "It Is the workingwomen who noons a week to shop, or go to the make the best wives—and the best The pipe of the fresh-water pump taps great prominence. Calling again some time later. Miss matinee, or play bridge, and who still mothers, too,” she adds composedly. the upper vein at a depth of sixteen 'It Is the working woman every feet. The pipe of the salt-water pump Webster was even more startled by complains of the monotony of her lot to a man who shows up at his office time who first of all, starts out with a touches the lower vein at a depth of the bearded features of the portrait. “ Why. Mrs. Nafe,” she exclaimed, 18 regular as a clock for 313 days a wise marriage. She marries for love thirty-five feet; and the brine, being heavier than the fresh water, does not rather bewildered, "you've been get- year certainly has her nerve with her. and for friendship and for respect— "The remedy for the discontented not Just for the sake of a man—any mix with It, but remains at the bot ting another picture of your son!" "No. ’taln’t new—same old picture,” women Is to put some heart ln their man who will bestow the light of his tom. said Mrs. Nafe “ Since I^irenzo’s grew work, and to keep house with lntelll- countenance upon her.” —Kansas City At a recent meeting of the Torrey 1 Botanical Club, Dr. H. H. Rushy de them side horns. I got the agent man genre Instead of making It a dreary Journal. scribed his observations of the ad to hev ’em put ln the picture, too. Cost round of drudgery. And. above all, W o m e n na I n v e n t o r a , to quit thinking about themselves so vance of spring from South Carolina me ten dollars, them side horns." A writer ln Cassler’s Magazine cele When, after another Interval. Miss much. Work and unselfishness—they to New York as Indicated by the sue brates the Inventive skill of wcvmen. evasive blooming of flowers and the Webster again called at the Nafe res!- pace the road to happiness.” He notes In the long list of mechanical dence, although for some time she had _______ state of vegetation Between March devices "springing from the fertile a venomed Tonitne. and May the difference of time be not been privileged to meet Lorenzo, brain of American womanhood” a ma tween the two extreme amounts, on she yet felt confident that she under- tn truthful numbers be she sung, chine for driving barrel hoops, a steam stood the situation this time. The Woman with the Serpent's "Merry Widow" hats the average, to seven or eight weeks; generator, a baling press, a steam and “ Ah. Mrs. Nafe,” she remarked. , Tongue; time ln the hearts of th In 1909 It was between eight and nine glancing at the easel. "I have not seen £ oacern,n* whom Fame hints at things fume box, an automatic floor for eleva addicted to large hats, bi weeks Professor Britton remarked tor shafts, a rail for street railways, son since spring, but I know now lnf ' and whl8Per,n*8; their day and are now all that the fruit-growers of Delaware your »I » i • , Ambitious from her niit&l hour an electric apparatus, packing for pis he has grown a handsome beard ” ' • • • ur’ ten. "The Dollar Princ« have a popular belief that spring ad that .... . ......... . And scheming all her life for D o w e r - ton rods, locomotive wheels, a railway No, he alnt, cpyrected Mrs. Nafe. With little left of seemly pride; vances from south to north at the rate tie, a stock car, a boring machine for comes to take the place of tj of thirteen miles per day, and Dr. smiling fondly at the picture of her With venomed fangs she can not hide- Widow” hat, and It Is tw drilling gun stocks, etc. That Is all Rushy’s observations seemed to lend boy. “ I been a-pesterlng Lorenzo to Who half makes love to you to-day. very well, but no woman has ever In It ! b created of draped vet grow a beard, like his pft uster wear. To-morrow gives her guest away support to this belief. vented a machine that will button her with chiffon, and the thref| but he won’t hear to it, Lorenzo won’t! '.,urnt up wlthln by that strange soul up the hack. She has to marry a man trlch tips fall forward fre T Just thought I'd see how he’d look ?.h<!Jran not 8lake' or vet control; Mere F.irtnslre In Philadelphia to get that done with neatness and dis ter back over the crown. supposing he had one. -lallgnant-llpp'd, unkind, unsweet; The story Is told of an elderly wo patch. T h i n I * H ie man. a member of the "Inner circle" on, Women often wonder whf| For Chllhlnlnn. of Philadelphia society, who was much on y eight dollar,. b u t " -s lg h ln g - The Woman with the S e rp e n t s Tongue tain t near so long ez his pa uster “ William Watson, A cure that Is recommended for chil tains or those of net In ao affected by the news of the death of a wear.”—Youth’s Companion. ________ blains Is to rub the wrists and ankles tern give better service than! man of social aspirations which had T h e - (l ) n h b e d " N e e d le . not. It Is sad to relate, been aided by well to encourage e good circulation, terlals as fine scrim, cottos) G irl. In Gantemnia. It Is unnecessary to throw away ma- and the chilblains twice or thrice a day dotted muslin, a. d the r his well known benevolence. None of the maidens In Guatemala chlne needle8 which have become dull wtth methylated spirits, or If prefer closely woven fabrics, bel Mr. Blank was ln many respects an admirable character.” said the old K ' , \ r,‘ alIowe<1 t0 «broad from their or evea broken near the . point. Thev red. with mustard liniment or cam catch the sun’s rays dl a * ns A M 11 I 4 h Alt 4 *L A A. — . a . V ll a 11 V ia m L a am . S lady, ’’and It was a real pity that his homes without the company of a chap* m«>’ be sharpened on the whetstone phorated oil, the last two being quite full force. This heat ln ms _________ __ our eroa* *nd a lover is only allowed to and made as good as new. Keep a as good as and less dangerous than the or burns the threads, whll lowly origin made Impossible ognltlon of him Poor, dear vulgar rome an'1 court his sweet heart through "mail whetstone In the machine drawer first, which should never be applied weaves, allowing as they trance of the sun’s rays creature’ We could not know him In <h* h,>avlly barred windows of her fa- for 'b*8 purpose. near a light through, escape much of th* Philadelphia, but we shall meet him thers hom* After they are married F o r O ra * * S la in * . T o C le a n F u r n itu r e . as they do not receive the ln heaven!”— Llpplncott’s. !they pas* alonR the Greets In Indian During the summer the children will By pouring a little olive oil over a the heat. -------------------------- ' B1*- the woman marching ahead, so a4-«entminded. that the hushand can be In a position sit and roll on the grass, and fre soft linen cloth and gently rubbing quently the grass stains are most ob over the surface of mahogany furni Strain in g l l r r F.f “Wilkins Is the most absent minded !° preyent any flirtations, stinate. It Is said that If the spotted ture the white covering caused by The maiden dropped her 1^ cuss I ever knew portion of the gaiuieut U soaked in dampness, also a!! dust. Is remoTed Later she cast her eyes Ha K new , “ How so?" Father-But do rou think you ca- * Iooho1 tl)<,re 18 nothlng more effective and leaves the furnltnre as clear as a rocky slope of the mountal# 'T h e last time he got In the bap J In removing such stains. she had rested them upt mirror, and saves having It polished. ber-s chair he pinned the newspaper n“ k,f ray ,,RUKhter happy? Suitor— most branches of a neai around his neck and began to read the Happy: Say' you should Just have W om an** In sp iration . fa m a l " DV, 11. 1.1 l ■ .. let them fall upon the « 1 seen her when I proposed!—Brooklyn W o m e n In P r o f e s s i o n * . towsl."— Philadelphia Record. In all ages woman has been the Life. Women In large Industrial enter placid lake. Then a visit ts| source of all that Is pure, unselfish A woman can put no greater con prises, in real estate, ln mines, In agri was Imperative.— Judge. Anim al* That i » T , r Drink. and heroic In the life and spirit of fidence ln another woman than when culture. ln banks. In all occupations T h « P u l s e Hnt«-| Th# Hamas of Patagonia and the man. It was for her love Mark An where men make millions, are to-day ah# confide« to her that *h« has found The rate of the pulse <rfl a bedbug. gas«Uen of the tar East never drink a ' ° Dy lo,t ,he world; 11 wa* for her also making millions. Now the pro person Is four times that 4 Aroc o f w ater. | that Jacob of old tolled seven fessional women begins to bid fair to plretlon. TWÏÏGS of ITITEREST to WOM| J !HE T n r r rtonr h.st ^ for ^