Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (May 25, 1910)
i wr I-' ! MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, OREGON, WEDNESDAY, MAY 20, .1010. . .. ' . .I" IVM- !,!- I ' ' . . Jl I tlvs . m. ' . m , l.--"l 'I b iVi-Jf S,w Htii i i it r m PEAR BLIGHT AND ITS CONTROL UPON THE PACIFIC COAST This Is tho Fourteenth of a Scries of Articles That Will Be Printed Dally Until Subject Is Completed Every Orcharrilst In tho West Shfuld Savs These Issues for Future Refercnco, as They Contain Valu able Information. By PROFKSSOll O'GARA, Assistant Pathologist United SUtoa Department of Agrlcuture. Writ ten especially tor tho Medford Mall Tribune. Copyright, 1910, by the Medford Mall Tribune. SUMMARY OP PRECEDING CHAP TERS. To thoso who havo read tho pre ceding chapters carefully, it may Bcem unnecessary to add anything more, ns it is bclcvcd that all of tho important facts about pear blight havo been clearly stated. However, a resume will bring before us all tho pertinent facts so that tho reader may seo at a glanco what ho may wont to know without reeding the text again. 1. Tho history of pear blight dates from tho ypar 1780; the first record was published n 1794 in tho transactions of tho Massachusetts Society for tho Promotion of Agri culture. This first paper on pear blight gavo to the highlands of the upper Hudson tho distinction of being tho birthplace of the disease. How ever, at tho time of tho discovery, the disease had a wider spread through out the Now England states than has been recorded. J. lhe disease, known as pear blieht, is not known outsido of North America. Europe, Asia, Australia and all other parts of tho known world are free from tho disease. 3. Tho true character of the dis ease was worked out by Professor T. J. Burrell of tho University of Illi nois in 1878, and was published to tho world in 1880. Dr. Burrell found that tho disease is caused by a small germ belonging to tho great family of bacteria, which are minute, micro scopic plants, the smallest vegetable organisms in tho world. The pear blight bacillus is only 1-50,000 of an inch in diameter, and about 1-25,000 of an inch in length; under tho micro scope, when magnified 1000 diam eters, its appearance is that of a hy phen, "-". 4. Tho pear blight germ attacks all species belonging to the pome or apple family, and also in i infects plums and the apricot. Among tho cultivated fruits, therefore, it at tacks tho apple, pear, quince, loquat, nlum and apricot. The following wild fruits indigenous to tho Pacific coast states are also attacked by it. I shall givo the common names and af ter them the botanical or scientific names so that students of botany may be able to look them up: (1) Servico berry or Juno berry (amelanchier alnifolia). (2) Thorn apple or haw (Crat aegus douglasii). (3) Christmas berry or Toyon (heteromelcs arbutifolia). (4) Wild pear or applo (pyrus rivulans). (5) Mountain ash or rowan (sor bus occidentals). Thero are many more species of tho above genera to bo found in the eastern and southern states, but a knowledge of tho fact that all pome fruits blight should bo sufficient. 5. Tho damage by blight n tho eastern and southern states has been such that practically all of tho bet ter varieties of pears havo gone out and commercial pear growing is an industry of tho past. 0. The blight has spread into 'even' known section of the United States, Southern Canada and North ern Mexico; only a very fow small districts etill remaining free from it. 7. Tho first appearance of the blight is made ovident by tho blos soms and young shoots becoming withored and black, finally drying up. Later, branches and limbs, ns well as tho bodios and root system becomo infected. Even tho fruit muy become infected and wither away. 8. Tho infections first noted in tho spring come from holdover cases -which have resulted from tho previ ous year's infection. Theso hold- royors may bo found in tho larger jjimus, bodies and roots of the pear, applet, quince, loquat and oven our wild fruits, though loss frequently. During tho blossoming period theso iioldovors ooze and this gummy sub stance, which is filled with tho bac teria, becomo points for tho starting of now mfootions in tho blossoms and twigs. 0. Tho gorms from the holdovers are carrod about by boos and other insects. Biting and sucking insects causo infections in tho young twigs and oven tho bodies. Sapsuokers, or woodpeckers, may also spread the bight. Tho uso of pruning tools, not diainfeoted, also sproads it. Tho blight may also enter small growth ornoks in tho twigs, limbs, bodies or roots. infection. Dry weather tends to pro vent, not only tho spread of infection from troo to tree, but also tho spread oC tho disenso in tho treo itself. It is ns easy to understand this as it is to understand that dry weather pre vents growth and germination of seeds and plants. 11. ThunJor, lightning and other atmospheric disturbances havo no in fluence whatever on the dlseaso known as pear blight. Tho precipi tation which accompanies thorn is tho only factor besides warmth. 12. Tho only way to cot.trol blight Is to remove all cases of hold-over before tho blossoming period begins. Hold-ovors romovod during the blos som period do not insure that some Infection has not taken placo from them. To reraovo holdovers, or rath er to find thorn, on the rough bodies uso a gougo or other Instrument with which to expouo tho tissues beneath. A water-soaked, reddish condition of the soft bark indicates infection which should bo antlseptically remov ed. 13. Tho antiseptic to bo used should be bichlorldo of mercury, or corroslvo sublimate, and use no other. This disinfectant shoull be used at a strength of 1 to 1000 or perhaps stronger, but nover weaker. Tho use of tho various substitutes is a sense less practice, as there is nothing cheaper or more effective as a dis infectant than bichloride of mercury. It is a deadly poison and must bo kept away from children and tho con tainers should bo plainly Iaboled so that unsuspecting persons may not bo poisoned. 14. There aro no remedies for pear blight, and all so-called patent washes or other "remedies" should bo avoided. Anyone who claims to have a euro for pear blight Is a "fake" and should be treated accordingly. Thoso having "remedies" for sale havo no standing whatever, if they had they would not oppose every sci entific fact known. 15. Summer cutting of blight should always be done, but the work to bo effective must b dono care fully. Always bo sure to get below or above the point of inf.-ction. If infection is found In a fruit spur or water sprout never break them off unless you know how far tho Infec tion has gone. There Is no fnrthor danger In the Jor.d spur, but rather in tho infection which has advanced beyond it. Breaking off tho spur and then applying tho disinfectant is not eradicating tho blight. Nover leave an infection until you know that there is no further danger from It. Remember that thero Is no such thing as "pretty good work:" tho work Is either good or bed. 16. In order to render the fight ing of pear blight moro easy, trees should be pruned nl tho vase or open head form. Never grow a tree with a main leader or center. Keep all water sprouts and fruit spurs off tho body and main limbs of tho treo. Let no water sprouts come up from tho crown of tho treo or tho loot system. 17. When blight Is prevalent or when seasons conducive to blight oc cur, extrome caution should bo used in tho matter of using stable manuro, commercial fertilizer or applying too much water. Irrigation practice should be studied carefully not only In its connection with blight control, but with tho benefits or injuries which may result to the soil. 18. Tho only way to keep blight under control is to increase the in spection and make It rigid. If a grow er la caught experimenting or not following out the directions for erad icating blight according to tho letter of the law, force him by law to do what the inspector has ordered. I believe that besides tho Tegular corps of Inspectors wo should have per haps 40 or 50 volunteer Inspectors who will look after their own inter ests by investigating the condition of neighboring orchards. Thero is no eason why wo cannot get such a corps of men who will act. Their appoint ment may be made In tho regular way, making them officers of tho law having tho right to enter upon a neighbor's promises. It this had been dono tho past year, several infection centers would havo booa wiped out, and there would havo been no In fection and a good many dollars sav ed. 19. Lastly, In closing pormlt mo to say that as indlvldualu you havo a right and a duty to follow tho ad vice and Instructions which havo been given you for eradicating and con trolling blight, Agovornmont offi cer, who has had moro technical and practical experience all ovor tho Unit ed States for a period of years, cor- tainly knowB tho situation and thero Is no reason for doubting his words. As a friend, I ask you all' not to COFFROTH RN 'S OFJBAD LUCK Unusually Qulot Four Weeks Precede Big FlQht in Frsco Bitter Pills Handed Out to Fight Promoter. Ju $ V, SAN FRANCISCO, Cal., May 25. Any one desiring a brand-now "jinx," guaranteed to wear, can havo it for tho asking by applying to James Windermoro Coffroth, Shasta and Sunshine clubs. Ever since the John-Kotehol fight, in which Kotchell lost threo teeth, and a fow tears, and Johnson did somo grouud and lofty tumbling for the benefit of tho pic tures, Jim has been down on his luck. Never hnviug been a believer in tho sign of tho rabbit's foot or of the cross-eyed, red-headed girl, ho has been loth to ndmitthat ho is possess ed of a 'jinx," but at last ho has been compelled to "fess up. ' Tho littlo imp of bud luck got ou tho job whilo offroth was dickering for tho biggest job of his enreor the promotion of the Joffrios-John-son fight. Tho loss of tho contest was a bittor pill, but thero wore more to come. A great light suddenly camo ovor District Attornoy Bullock of San Mateo county and Coffroth had to transfer tho Papko-Thomas affair from Selma to San Francisco, thereby knocking himscf out of an oxtra match for May. Call Coffroth Fakir. On top of this camo that awful "fight" last Thursday night. And now tho supervisors, somo of them, aro putting tho boot to Jin, while he is down, accusing him of being a "fa kir" and of being in on tho deal to boost the prices of admission above tho advertised figures by keeping his box office closed and sendiug scalp ers into the crowd. Jim believes the "jinx" will bo at it as soon as tho decision of the Sau Mateo countv court in his Colma test case is handed down. Not counting tho amateur shows and the daily chattor about the big fight, local boxing will be unusually quiet for the next four weeks. The ono break in tho hiatus will como on the night of May 27, when, accord ing to present plans, Jeffries will give an exhibition at the Pacific club's show, boxing threo rounds each With Bub drmstrong and Joe koyin ski Following that there will be nothing doing until tho Landford Ketchel contest, June IS. Gntherolng of Stars. If Jeffries' date for Friday night is kept and tho others expected to appear are on hand, thero will be quite a gathering of stars and ox stars. With Jeffries, Armstrong and hoynski in the ring and Jim orbctt ns a possiblo referee, tho attraction will be great, but further interest may be added by Jack Johnsou's presence as a spectator. Johnson is soriously considering attending tho show to get a lnie on Jeffries' condition. Tho negro is from Missouri when it comes to tawes of Jeffries' groat condition, but a surprise will bo in store for him if ho decides to attend. A day of rest and a day of play now seems to bo Jeffries' program, despite his frequent aunounccemnts that he intended to box daily. Yester day was a day of rest, tho big fellow going fishing after doing a fow miles on tho road. Tho coming of Gotch and orbott it is anticipated will sec tho last of Jeffries' loafing, tho ex pectation being that in tho month re maining from tho time of their arrival untl tho day of tho fight Joffries will attend strctly to business. As Jotoi son plans to Login his strenuous woik about the samo time, both enmps should he mighty lvely throughout the month of June. Portland Teamsters to Strike. PORTLAND, Or., May 25. Four hundred Portlund teamsters today announced then' intention to strike for higher wages Juno 1. Tho union, which includes theso men ns mem bers, numbers 05 por cent of the team drivers employed in tho city. NOTICE TO STOCKHOLDERS. Notice 1b hereby glvon that tho annual mooting of stockholders of the Pacific and Eastern Railway will be held at tho office of tho company, in Medford, Oregon, on Monday, June 6, 1910, at 10 o'clock a. m. By order of tho Presidont. O. P. HUMPHREY, Secretary. Complete House Furnishers BELOW ARE ONLY A FEW OF THE MANY LINES ON WHICH WE CAN SAVE YOU MONEY. Solid Oak Rockers $2.50 and up. - Well Made Beautiful Finish Dining Room Chairs $2.00 and up. Solid Oak Box Seat h Our Line of Automatic Oil Stoves Wickless, Smokeless, Odorless, Blue Flame t S12K THKM AND III3 IS A WINNER. YOU WILL MAKE A MISTAKE TO 1IUY ANY OTHER KIND. REMEMBER, WE HAVE THE REST LINE OF HAXGKS AND STOVES IN TOWN. CONVINCED. See Us Before You Buy WE CAN ALSO SAVE YOU MONEY ON ALL LINES OF KUKNITUKE, RUGS, CARPETS, REFHIO ERATOKS. WINDOW SHADES, LACE CURTAINS. DRAPERIES, PORTIERES, ETC., ETC. WEST MAIN STREET, NEXT WASHINGTON SCHOOL TELEPHONE MAIN 1451. WE ARE OUTSIDE THE FIRE LIMITS..BUT INSIDE ON PRICES. NEW TEACHERS CHOSEN FOR KLAMATH FALLS KLAMATH FALLS, Or., May 2.1. Willis E. Faueht has been elected principal of tho 4nmntn county high school for the term of 1010-11. He succeeds Professor John T, Butcher, who has been principal of the Inch school for tho past two years. The othor teachers selected aro C. A. Howard and Miss Helen Conrey. Thero nro three other teach ers to select before tho high school faculty is completed. Work on School Building. KLAMATH FALLS, Or., May Work commenced today on the foundation for tho $30,000 pulilio school on Wont Side Heights. L. N. Travor, of tho contracting firm of Snook & Travor, arrived Sunday from Albany to take charge of tho work. 10. Wrtntlinr nnnilitiniiH fnvnr tlin spread of blight, as well ns favoring trU1 wlth bl,eht; U ls to sor,ous a matter. Tho value of tho fruit In terests In tho Roguo RIvor valley Is too groat to bo trlflied awoy by In dividuals who havo neither knowl edgo nor practice sufflclert to dovlso mors efficient means than havo al ready boon worked out by tho pathol ogists of tho United States dopart mnt of agriculture, whoso ontlro en ergy. Is given to tho practical sldo of fighting diseases. You havo an Unit ed States department of agriculture, thoreforo, respect tho advlco It Is ablo to glv you through Its agents. The Pasadena of Oregon J.J-- People o refinement; people with inoans; ro tired business men; professional men; college and university graduates, are coming to tho Rogue Rivor Valley by tho soore. Within the past two years almost a hundred Chicago and Evonston, Illinois, people havo purchased homes near Medofrd, and nearly every ono of them has a friend or two whom they hope to induce to come and locate in the valloy. New York, Philadelphia, Boston and many othor eastern cities aro almost if not quite as well represented, whilo St. Paul and Minneapolis have moro ropresontatives hero than any other soveral cities combined. Think theso statements over and get your thinker going. Write to tho undersignod or the Medford Commercial Club for detailed informtaion about the country, and you will never have cause to regret it. ' I Bearing Orchards Near Medford Meat of the producing orchards havo been held in largo holdings until recently. 4) fow weeks ago the Eden Valloy Orchard, containing 605 acres, was placod on tho market in any desired acreage. We have been authorized to offer the bearing apples and pears for sale, and if you knov anything abwt th country ad want a desirable block of bearing trees, write or come soon. During tho past week ovor $150,000 worth of the property has boon disposed of. It is located within two miles of Medford at an elevation of about 100 feet above tho city and is ono of tho best kept orchards in ' tho world. Parts of the orchard offered for sale havo paid tho owner over $000 per acre por year for four years straight. Do not como unless you are prepared to stay, for just so sure as you do como the com bination of fat soil, grandeur of scenic beauty and Italian climate will steal you, body and soul. After ono visit hero you will bo miserable any othor placo on earth. John D. Olwell il X EXHIBIT BUILDING MEDFORD, OREGON wwwip if' y " yiMfcartfl Jaah'