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About The daily morning Astorian. (Astoria, Or.) 1883-1899 | View Entire Issue (March 6, 1898)
ill BmBmM mm THE DAILY ASTOHIAN ll lb tlfftst and test MPr on tha Columbia' River THE ASTORIAN tias the tartest clrcolatloa of law canr on the Columbia RIvef FULL, ASSOCIATED PRESS REPORT. VOL XL VI II. ASTORIA, OltKOON. Ht'NDAY MORNING, MARCH , 1!8. NO. 50. ATTENTION- (if lt Ilimnwfn Willi r MlMlng Llil Closing out entirely the E. R. Hawcs stock at a ....SACRIFICE.... In irlir lo In room fur f imW ii Hi jy from Hi Baal. a"t;;Lu, , Eclipse Hardware .,.,.,,.. uompanysoFBonJit. Foard Prom the Thirty-Eighth Annual Statement of EQUITABLE LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY Of the United States. OuLitundiiig A-Minimo Doc. 31, New Afcmmncfl written in 1807 iYojxisiil for Assurance Kxiuiiincl ami lo- cliiKtl in 1807 Income in 1807 Aiwts I)mmWr.1I, 1807 Keservo on nil oxixtinj? glides (4 jht cent. hIuikIiiiiI) and all other liabilities Surplus, I per cent, stniulurtl Paid Policv-Holclor in 1807 Hl-NRY B. HYDE, President. J. W. ALEXANDER, Vlce-Prea. L. 5AMHELS, Atnnager, Third rioor, Orcgonlnn liulldlng ... Portland, Oregon. SHIELD i BRAND w . Hams. Bacon Strictly Pure Lard " v' City Book Store.... W carry larg itock of fin anl commercial stationary. Papatrtr In all tb. latest tint and shad, lov.lopn, paper Tablets, Legal Paper. Typewriting ppr In all '. W.bsLr IJtll's JUb bona and Carbon. Griffin & Reed. Tha b-t Part of a Ml U Good Butter.... Putter that ran b njoyd whan aatlnr. It In tha flavor and quality, not quantity, that make. Ita worth In tha mrku of th. world. II la tha flavor and quality that maka tha board.r happy with tha thought of a maal. R.m.aiber that our Empire and Mikado Separators Will aid you It O.ttlng thla flavor and Quality. & Stokes Company 5ole Agents.. Astoria, Oregon. 1 897 - fOM.If.5,837.00 ir)C,0.r5,C!3.OO 21.401,973.00 48,572,269.63 230,876,308.04 I8ti,333,l 33.20 .r0,543,17l.8! 21,10(1,31 1.14 UNION MEAT COMPANY and AM. KINIto OrTANSKD MEATS (iiiiiniiitciMt The Hot In the Market Cor. fourth and f.llsan Streets Cortland. 0 reton. Kopp's "Best" A DELICIOUS DRINK.... and ABS0LUELY PURE Tho North PboIIIo Brewery, of wliiob Mr. Join Kopp is proprietor, makes boel tor domm'io ami export trade. Bottlod boer for fnmily ".no, or keg beer supplied nt any time, delivery in tbe city free, NORTH PACIFIC BREWERY GOVERNMENT TO BUY WARSHIPS Said the Adminlstrat inn Ha Audi Action In View at I'rcstBt. CAN C.Kt All WE KIIQl'Iki: fight Verl tine fieri Ol'ered ky Ceftlyi ibibiMiag Cuarrri. While Japa Vimld Like In Sell It tail. Nrw Ttk. March I -A Hi-rald .tnill fr"tn Wu.hltiatun myi Kully rrroKnllln( the liiiHrtanra of tw in ri ady for any rnii tw y, the prral ill lit hn illrwlnl llir nuvy d"iartniftit In n in KMlMI"i lix.kifia I" tl" P" iIkm atrail of witrhlpa. Thla fai t I fur th flft tlm mailr (.iil.llr. t trol ahly woulil liavr trunir'l at thla Jtuir tur. I'Ut for Hit- nilt.ni'iil rauant by tha tatrmrnt puMlaliri that Hji.tln hai barn tha purrliaarr. or i IH'K'iUllli fur warhla brlna" built by tha Klawlik ( nnii'iiiiy of KNlnn. for llrmll uml for hi hi r lil umlrr rormiru' Hon. Wlih a vlrw cf ibtllilhl thr fnrta, your ror rf.nlrnt ulln ujHin a blKh nfflrlal nf thr ilinliiliirntliin rxl ipbtalmil tin offl- j hl would mun, Admiral Birard haa re rial mlnilrnlnn nindn for tbn flrat tlni'- Krtl tl f.n ta to thn nnvy d'irtmnnt that ahll.- tbn .r. lil nt il x-a not anlb I-1 and await Inatrurtlona. atn war, Im rrrngni that thrrn I a J Th" driartmi-nt cannot toli'rntn with Millilllly nf liotltli yriiwInR nut of 'iiuuiilinlty thn atnppngr nf urh rruft as thn Cuban prohlrm and thn Main din- j thn Mnngrova and Knrn on thnlr nrrnnda untrr and thut hr pr..B.n to i. prn- of nu riy, nor d.litya that niny n'i'ull In pard for It. Thrn haa lnn ample nvl- thn proamnion nf thn work nf thn wm k drnrn of thl In thn pn-p.iratlnim piitnnl L-ra ni.tK-.l mi thn Mnlnn's hull and In to rvrrylHMly whli h hv bmn In pmrrt-aa for omn tlmn. but thrrr ha l'n n orrtrlnl ndmlarlnn In thla rffnet until now. Klaht nnn-nf-war whkh ra priutlrnlly ramplnlnl In foreign hlp yiinla hnvn b.-u I off.rrd fr naln to thr ftiltnd Htnti . Thr linlilnnt hu glvrn t-onaldnrattoii to thr advlnublllty nf ilarlng un nptlon nn thi tn. Th navy drartmrnt haa bwn ran-fully ' pin to rvtum to Ban Kram lai o from Hon wnti bins: thn rniintrui-tlmi abrwl tluoush I Kon. Without this flnn ship thn Asiatic thn nyrs of It n.ival attiirhns at lnulon, j squadron would lm mndn up of ifiinlioats I'lirla, Ht. ivtrrnbur, l.rlin, Vb iui. niul i in, uniint.-rt'd rrulsrrs, without any do Itonir This surv.lllanin h-w I mn iimlii- 1 jtrnn of dnfnnitvn and no nffntialvn fnrca lulniil for two month bur morn i !"- -1 ainilnt nrmomd hlp. Thn rrulwr Hnl llly lni-n thn Muliic dlnuntir. Tbroiich tlninrr. now it t Honolulu, tins Wn an thn nlliirhi and fmm tin- shlpbulldnr ', ,., ti (nkn thn pnwdnr to bn broiiKht ttmniai lv.-s thn r. try of thn navy lw tn j,( ,rt by thn M"hU iin furtht'r along Iriirniil Hint hn inn now pun-haw l" to Hons: Kouk for Vf-I of the Alutlo mall slu-d Imttlrshlps, two urmonil . imdnm rnntlnuitl. rrulwra. and four turpi do tmat. nil nl a I r,.Mirt that Spain I buying nnw rnmporatlvnly tow prim. Thn luitldnrs : urhlp led to rounti r rt'ort that the haw promlnil that tin y nan d lh r th-' tiaivaal authorlttm hi rn wnrc nonldi rlni vrsarls to nRt-ni nf thin (piviTnmeitt at i ,miar pun-hasns. In no official qunrtnr thl tlmn mmplHe In nvnry n- i l and ' al . ,UVy di'luirtmrnt could this be con all that will ln nniriiry for thn lulinln- (irmnd. a st' P of this character nnccs Utartlnn to do will bn to order thn ium i iM,rny would bn Ktianled with the ut ary detail of ofneera und men to pro- nilt wriH-y. Them Is no little doubt, rrrd to thn hlp yard, go on hoard the ve- j,owvcr, thut the dcartmcnt Is Inform snl and tnkn thrm away to any point j ng (telf fully as to tho opiHirtunltles of which may bn dnlmd. Thn builders have i m-haliis; should the necnsslty for more urged that thn pur. ham w made at oncn I Hnll,g arM, Thus far there have been no aa they say a declaration of war between ' negotiations for ships and no option ak thn I'nlted fltatea and Spain would result n on particular ships. Quite a number In th enforcement of neutrality meas ures and prevent thn mile of the ships. Th battleship nud armored cruisers have been built by England and Uerman firms for governments which are now un able lo pay for them, and this gov ernment would be able to obtain thn ves sels by simply putting down the amount of rash. Thn torpedo bout have been offered by thn Thornycroft Shipbuilding Compa ny, whose boats nre rrcognlied by experts to be among Ihe best In the world. While your correspondent was tumble to learn the names of the ships which have been ili"iiii hi loo- kiik iiiiit.ii, loin- i.- . , - I a powerful authority and a respected Hag son to believe that among them arc three j , ! the lives and property of 8inlanls rosl powerful under construction nt the Mil-, ,,. r the can works, Stettin, Cicrmany, for the Chi nese government. Them- three ships re of S.HH1 ton displacement, contracted to : make I9.S knots and will be able to carry I not less than a thousand tons of ronl In i their bunkers. There Is also reason to' believe thnt In case of trouble, this gov ernment cmUd purchase from Japan the Kalsagl and the Chlosa. which arc near-, Viillejo, Cat, March S.-Admlrul Klrk lug completion at Philadelphia and the land has received telegraphic orders to Pnlon Iron Works. I Instruct Captain I.ouls Kempt of the re- Thn olllcliil with whom your cows- celvlng ship Indepeiulcnce to sign all the pondent talked had no doubt that Japan j able-bodied seamen he con possibly pass, would be willing to aid the I'nlted Slates Tho Charleston. Yorktown. nnd Phllndel bv selling tho warships before the com-1 phla Ri'O tho best ahlps now here, but llt mencen.ent of war. i Ho work Is being done on them at present. I Admiral Klikland says that he ran pre- rllE PA NATIONS FOH WAIt. California Ports Now Safe From Any Hostile Fleet. San Francisco, March S. Increased bum- piles of nmniuultlon for high-power guns have been ordered by the war department nt ltcnlcln nrsennl to the forts nt the Pre sidio nnd Mine point. Today r.0 tons of powder nnd n large supply of projectiles will be plnced on barges at Henlcla nnd lowed to the Presidio wharf, The supply of munitions nt the nrsennl which will bo Almost exhausted by this shipment, will be replenished by a tralnlond of nmmunl- j Hon from tho enst, Veteran army officers stationed at the rreBldlo nre confident that tho works nt j Waahlngton, Mnrch 6.-J. P. Clum. sup port Tolnt and Fort Paker aro now erlntendent of tho mall division of the strong enough to successfully resist any ( postofflce department, has been ordered fleet that Spain could send to tho Pa-. to Alaska to Investigate the various offices clflc. ' there. A SERIOUS CLASH IS NOT UNLIKELY I'lorlda State i)Uks Decide to En force Ounraallat KfQulatioi- NAVAL VESSELS INCLUDED Decltiot Will Serliialjr litettcr Vilk III Oprr.tiaaaol Cateraaieil P.at Olympic will lat Cane ll'iaie. Waahlngton, Marrh I. Thare la promlaa nf a unw and unwvlcottia dnvrlopmrnt Of tha Main aff ilr, that In the and may l-ad U to an Ium ti-twrn tha govarnmant ot thn Unlti il Hmti-a and tlit atata of KlorMa. If thn nffli'lala of thr rial Indorae tha tand takin by thn I'X'jiI ofriclala at Kay Wet. Tint latti-r hava nntlflnl Admiral Hlard that on thn flut of nnit month thry iirnpoaa to rnforca tha atata quaran tine law ngalnat all craft arriving from tha otitalda. aa a maaura of pmtnctlon agalnitt thn Introduction of yrllow frvrr. Tha notlca Indlratrs thnt thn law will b aiilnd tn nnval vial. and In vlnw of thn a.-rlou Intt-rruptibna au h an Intnr-fi-r'nrv with thn fr movrmnnt of hia thn work of (hi- court of Inquiry. Tha prnal.li nt hlma If will probably rommunl niln with thn gnv. rnnr of Florida with a vlrw nf H iirlnjt an alwt.-nunt of the law , far aa It Is propound t apply to naval Vi-annla. It w'aa diclilcd this aftrrnoon to sbandun thn projn ird order to thn flutrahlp Olym- of offers have been submitted to Secretary I.onK by ship building concerns In this country and abroad. ANNKXATION OF CVBA. Madrid. March S. -Commenting on the rumors of President McKlnley'a project lo purchase Cuba. El Naclonul In an article under the caption, "The best so lution of the Cuban problem," exclaims: "Will nobody pnsrh and proclaim the nmu'xntlnn of Cuba to the annexation by agreement with Spain on condition that the I'nlted States redeem Its Insular debt, favoring us during a certain period by a tariff concession and guaranteeing under ! problem which would win popular sympa i thy. procuring the best termination of any in orscen or present heartburnings of i the nation." Tlu article has provoked much cora- nient. ' PACIFIC NAVAL KKCKUTS. I pare these vessels for sea within six I weeks. There tiro WO men employed In ' ... - ,1... .l.....,.tn.n. ,.! ni..1., coiisv.ucu.... ............. ... .. ........ have been Issued for tho employment or additional labor. , "PAKE," A STRONG WORD. London, March 5.-Tho Madrid correa pondent of the Pally Mall says: In contrast with tho clamor In America, there Is almost absolute, calm here, nnd that, too, even on tho bourses, whoro tho falls me tluo to foreign selling: The gen eral opinion Is that the United States dure not mako tho suspicion which Is un supported by evidence nnd Is abhorred by European opinion, tho pretext for war. ALASKA'S MAIL SERVICE. REDUCED RATES FROM PORTLAND 0. K. ft .1. Company Makesa IJIg Cut In Caret to the Missouri Kiver. REBATE HYSTEM ADOPTED Coital Dudley at Victoria X.iilitd la Hike K tanker Reports agtiatt , ericas, la eresn. Portland, March l.-Th. O. R. N. Company took such action today aa will put Portland upon an ruallty with tha Sound cities, so fur aa travel to and from tha east la concerned, at tbe reduced transcontinental ratna now prevailing. The gnnarol passenger department of the O. R. It N. today lasond a circular stating that rndumd ratna would commence to morrow to apply via tbe Huntington gate way, and would bn good over both tbe Rio Grande Western and Its connection and tha Union Pacific. These reduced ratea are upon a basis of tS first-class and J second-class to the Missouri river. Tlcknta at reduced rotes will be sold upon the rebate plan, unless three or more persons travel tognthnr. Then tickets will be sold at the flat rate, and one tlcknt made good for thn entire party. The reason for adopting the rebate system Is that II will enable several roads to rut rates to pnitnct thnlr local business. lOST GET GAY. Washington, March 5. 8enator Wilson has called thn attention of the state de partment lo the recent report of Consul Iudl y at Vancouver, B. C, In which Ca nadian port and Canadian routes to the Klondike were extolled at some length. He said that this report had been used by thn Canadian Pacific road as an adver tisement to the detriment of American roads and American ports on the Pacific coast which were doing a large outfitting business for the gold regions of Alaska. Thn state department has notified Consul Dudley that hnmaftnr his reports must not fuvor foreign Interests In competition with those In the United 8tates. GETTING TO BE A CHESTNUT. Another Syndicate Organising to Build Nlcnrngua Canal. New York, March &. The Herald prints the following: Edward W. Crngln of Chicago Is per fecting the organization of a syndicate for the construction of the Nicaragua canal. Mr. Cragln In an Interview said that he was not organising a new syndi cate, but simply completing the work be gun by him and L. E. Cooley of Chicago when they took a party of engineers and contractors to Nicaragua to Inspect the ground then- Mr. Cragln said that the engineers are agreed that the work Is perfectly feasible and prevents no engin eering problems that have not already been solved. They are figuring on ths cost of construction and Cragln and Cooley are arranging for the financiering of the undertaking. The cost haa pre viously been estimated at tSO.000,000 and I130.000.00il. They are also arranging the details of a settlement with the old Mari time Company of Nicaragua ana the. Nic aragua Company uniar which the Interest of the two companies will be assuvned by the new syndicate. GOVERNMENT TUG LOST. Fears Entertained for the Underwriter From Norfolk to Havana. New York, March 5. A special to the Press from Norfolk, Va., says: Great anxiety Is felt here for the safety of the tug Underwriter wMch left this port yesterday with the derrick Chief in low for Havana, where the vessels were to help In the work of raising the Maine. She was compelled to put back on ac count of the head winds and heavy sens. but she started ngain nnd was past the capes before the warning came of the fierce gales sweeping up the coast and she ran unwarned right into It. How tug nnd tow fared Thursday night Is not known. Certain It Is they experienced heavy weather. No word had been re ceived here at 10 p. m., when the govern ment wires at Hatteras were closed. The tug Underwriter Is the vessel that once sunk In New York harbor. THREE BODIES RECOVERED. Havana. Marrh 5. Three bodies were re covered from the wreck of the Maine today.- One of them was ldenillled as that of Robert White, n mess attendant, nnd another Is supposed to be that of a man named Stewart. The third body is sup posed to be that of an oiler, ns the cloth ing was saturated with oil. WILL MAKE SAUSAGES. Chicago, Mnrch 6-Wlfe-murdercr Luet gcrt has been told his task during his Im prisonment for Ufo. It Is tho Intention of tho Jollet officials to manufacture sau sages for use In the big prison and Lout gert will be given charge of tho work. The Information pleases Luetgert. EDMUND TATTER8ALL. London, March "s.-Edmund Tattersall, hoad of the. horse exchange ilrm of Tat tersall's, Is dead. ' CANADIANS ARE COLLECTING DUTY ftortiwest NoaatH Police Oecapf White and Cbllkuat faasta. ANOTHER STEAMER IS LOST ft! I. Tkoaghi lo Rate Cote Dana tit isj Storsa aad it li Likely tier Istire Crew Met Deatt. Juneau, Alaska, March 1. via Seattle, March (.Further confirmation ot the Ca nadian mounted police occupying Whit, and Chllkoot passes was brought here today by James V. Esary. He says; "Captain Strickland, of th mounted po lice, la at the summit of White pass, with a force of eighteen men, collecting duty and a l!utmant. who, name did not transpire, with eighteen men, was at Chllkoot pass, doing tba same thing. "White pa, the camp of tha mounted police, la within twelve miles of Skagway and Chllkoot camp Is within eighteen mile of Dyea." Tbe following letter shows that the rights of ownership are exercised at Lin dnmann definitely by Collector of Cus toms Godson: Bennett, B. C. Feb. If -Willis Thorp, Skagway, Sir; I have the honor to re quest that you will present yourself at Bennett, B. C, within tbe next few days, with all Invoices of goods and meat now In the province of British Columbia at Lake Bennett I found a notice ot the sale of your goods on the trail between Lakes Bennett and Llndemann and have forbidden your men In charge to dispose of a single pound until the duty la paid. Please give thla your earliest attention. I have honot to be, sir. your obedient ser vant, J. Godson. Collector of Customs. Lake Bennett. ANOTHER STEAMER LOST. Seattle March . A passenger who ar rived here- today froca Alaska on th steamer' City of Seattle has Informed Agent Grauman, of the steamer Bessie K., that the wreck passed by the City of Seattle north of Victoria, which was re ported last night, had all appearances ot being the Bessie K.. seven days overdue. The wreck ilea 100 miles north of Victoria on the rocks, and there are no Indications of any survivors. The Bessie K. la owned by J. S. Kimball & Co.. of San Francisco, and left that port for Alaska with a heavy load of freight and passengers. She had a capac ity of 100 passengers and 30 tons freight and was scheduled to leave here for Dyea on March L She Is supposed to have been wrecked on her voyage south, having been In the track of the late disastrous storm that swept the northern coast. So confident Is Agent Grauman that she is lost that he haa arranged to send the pas sengers booked for her next trip north on the Navarro. 8TORM ON ATLANTIC COAST. One Vessel Ashore and Others May Be Driven There. Philadelphia. March S.-The whole At lantic coast haa again been visited by a storm ot such violence as to cause grave apprehension for vessels that happen to be close to the shore. A terrific north easter prevails at the Delaware break water and Is casting In before Its In fluence a sea which at the last reports was leaping high over the Delaware breakwa'ter and Maritime Exchange ob servatory at that point. The harbor Is full of storm-bound craft, smothering themselves In tha head and held In posi tion only by their two anchors down and a full scope of chain. The storm accord ing to the weather bureau Is central off the coast of North Carolina, moving northeasterly and will cause dangerous gales on the New Jersey nnd southern New England coasts. A dispatch to the Maritime Exchanges from Lewes. Del., says that un unknown two-masted schooner l"s ashore near As Batengue life-saving station Inside Fish ing point. Despite the violence of the storm the life-savers had launched their boat and were making desperate efforts to reach the distressed craft. A fleet of 50 coal barges carrying 'probably upward of KO.OOO tons of coal, some In charge cf tugs and others In tow of steamers passed to sea Thursday night and will experience the full force of the storm. THIS IS INTERESTING. London, March 5. According to the statement of a man whoso cards describe him as an electrical engineer, whose name cannot be disclosed, but has been for warded to Washington, he sold to the Spanish officers In London several years ago a largo number of mines, eight or ten of which were placed In Havana har bor. He says they were made In a social way and had a specially and peculiarly constructed cable, which, he contends, he can positively Identify It tin smallest piece Is produced. The Toronto city council has resolved that no alien, and particularly no citizen of the United States, shall hereafter bo employed on civic work In that city. THE PAST WEEK IN LONDON TOWN Hoax Bimetillsts Are Eiieatorlajj to CIse tbi Mlats of India. SMOKING ON THE INRCEASI Iri.tscratic ti riekiia ie Alike r 1'iiet Tfiaccn, aid Uidiieri Ire briiiisi ItiTlly. London, March I. (Copyrighted Wt by the Associated Press.) Throughout the week London has been given over to local politics and the proceedings In the house of commons have not excited much In terest. The queen will bold privy council o Monday and clear np arrears ot business before starting for tbe Riviera on Wed nesday. The Princess Beatrice (Prince) Henry of Battenburg) and her children will accompany the queen to the south of France. Her ma lest y tor the first time. habitually used gold old-age spec tacles. About M bills have already been Intro duced In parliament of which number eight are government measure. One leg islature bill Introduced by Daniel Mich aels. anli-Parnntllte, and editor of the People's Advocate, to entitle persons of Irish birth or extraction to adopt the use of tbe prefix "O" or "Mac" before their names, was received with ihout of laugh ter and he furnished a fund ot paragraphs for th press. The bill, however. Is excit ing unexpected opposition from the Irish and Scotch members who are enjoying the prefixes, who claim, according to one statement, that It would "be an Infringe ment of tbe dignity of th order." The blmntalists in the bouse of com mons have secured first place on March 28, when they will present a resolution providing tor tbe closing of tbe Indian mints and recommending the appoint ment of 4 "royal cosimiiio t take-up., the whole question of blmetallsm. The Btmetallc League has Issued a manifesto, reviewing the situation from the time of Senator Wolcott's mission, protesting against the proposed adoption of the gold standard In India and urging the govern ment to resume earnestly the negotia tions with France and the United States.. It la said In Brussels that when Prince Albert of Belgium returns from the United States he will be raised to the rank or major In his grenadier regiment and that bis betrothal to his cousin the Princess Clementine, wno was engagna to me iai Prince Badouln. will be announced. The Times in Its annual statement says the drink bill of the United Kingdom Is nearly 3.500.000, In excess of that In 1S96. averaging about 119.12 for each man, wo man and child. The English press has universally print ed the statement that Mark Twain (Sam uel L. Clematis) has paid the last of his Webster A Co. debts. Dr. McAllister, writing to the Times on the subject, says: "With the exception of the historical case of Sir Walter 8cott, I do not think there Is to be found In the records of litera ture anything quite equal to Mark Twaln'i conduct." Emperor William has not. as the corres pondent of the Chronicle at Berlin tele graphed, having a racing yacht built for him quietly at Southampton to enter the regattas In German and English waters next summer. The story arose from the rechrlstenlng of the American schooner Yampa recently purchased by Emperor Willlum to Iduna, Ijirge numbers of people witnessed the ' forma', opening of the boating season at Eton on Tuesday, when a procession of boats under the supervision of younif William Waldorf Astor, who now has the distinction among Etonians of being cap tain of boats, was rowed from Windsor bridge to Beverley lock. The flotilla, which consisted of 10-oared monarch! and SO-oared boats was a most picturesque sight. The Ladles Dorothea nnd Estella Hope, (Continued on Fifth Page.) The Royal I Ike higawst rd baking eowoar kaewa. Actual tests show it oocaeae tbird further tha ay atber bread. pa W4A aw Absolutely Pure; ovu. awma tooe co., un vonc fi 1 k