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About Corvallis gazette. (Corvallis, Benton County, Or.) 1900-1909 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 18, 1908)
Farm and Garden QUALITY IN CORN. Tremendous Influence of Seed on the Percentage of Yield. i The wide variations observed with a large number of seed corn samples tested at the A'irginia experiment sta tion show that the corn breeder can quickly change the characteristics of the crop, increasing or decreasing the tee of the stalk, number of leaves, length and shape of ear and the per cent of grain. To select and Improve corn successfully one must make an Individual study of the desirable and undesirable qualities of the several mm EXCELLENT AND POOB QUALITY. plants and ears arid know which to se lect and which to reject or failure will follow. The importance of choosing the right ears is shown by the fact that the yield' from forty samples test ed varied from 28.14 to 57.2C bushels In 1905 and from 34.79 to 81.69 bushels In 1906. Different strains of the same variety of corn may vary greatly in yield. In the cut the ear on the left is the prod uct from learning corn and shows ex cellent quality. The ear on the right Is from another strain of the same va riety and shows very bad quality. When large and small cars were se lected from the different samples, the history of which was known, it was observed that the large ears in every instance made a more vigorous ger mination and a higher yield, amount ing in some instances to nearly eleven bushels per acre. This is a point that should be carefully considered by corn growers. ! Wheat In the Cotton Belt. ' The first week in November is early enough to sow wheat throughout the middle portion of the cotton belt This crop often succeeds well sown as late as Dec. 1, provided the conditions shall be favorable for germination for two weeks after sowing (not too cold and wet). Land covered with a thick growth of grass, cowpeas or other veg etation is not considered the best con dition for wheat, for the reason that wheat likes a compact, smooth surface En Turn vnnr lmri' Troll thun hnr- i row then roll with a heavy roller, then sow the seed. A one or one and a half ton roller run over a freshly plow- ed and harrowed surface once or twice will compact the three or four inches of surface soil. The wheat seed should 1 then be put in with a regular wheat drill, says a southern, authority. I .would not apply less than 400 pounds of fertilizer per acre and would prefer GOO to 000 pounds unless the land be already rich. I recommend this for mula: Two hundred pounds acid phos phate, 400 pounds of cottonseed meal and fifty pounds of muriate of potash per acre, supplemented with a top dressing of fifty to seventy-five pounds of nitrate of soda in March if the ap pearance of the plants seem to indi cate the need of more nitrogen. , Grading Apples. ! Some apple growers in the Hood river region have been using the grad ing board shown in the figure. A com mon board or piece of pasteboard is hung up before the wiper. In this 'board holes are cut the size of various THE OB AD EN O BOABD. tiers, such as three, three and one-half and four tier, etc. As the apples are wiped they are properly tiered. The advantage of this method is that the packers have the apples practically graded and can do much more work in a day, and after the first half day the wipers can usually accomplish fully as much as with the old method. Beans Fed to Swine. i Beans can be fed to swine only In the cooked form. The pig seems to be Enable to utilize beans which are at all hard or firm, even though they have .been boiled for some time; hence It Is Very essential that they be thoroughly and carefully cooked, says R. S. Shaw, Michigan. To supply a single feed of half cooked beans to a pen of hogs robs them of their appetites and relish i for their food, tf indeed tt does not Hi B BESS j Til LNEW TUBER. Crisp and Pleasant In Taste, 8taoiyJ Appreciation 0f a Splendid Breed .ef Soma Points en Cultivation and the Moots With Favor. 'Draft Horses. Use of Fertilizers. This Tegetable,- known to the bota- xhe Iowa State college at Ames la Living In one of the best fruit see Bis ts as Stachys gieboldi, has been In- co-operating with the United States tlons of New York, I hare been inter trodueed Into America from Japan and government In a breeding' experiment ested In growing peaches and other has a number of different names, such as Japanese potato, Chinese artichoke. chorogi, etc. but the name stachys seems to nave Deen aaoptea a ue common one in this country. The plant is a small perennial belonging to the mint family and produces just be- low the ground a multitude of small white crisp edible tubers varying from an inch to two and one-half Inches In length and about one-half an Inch in thickness and marked by Irregular spiral springs, which give them a cork- screw-like appearance. Easy of Cultivation. Ktflfhva haa been tested t the New j York (Cornell) and a number of the ther agricultural experiment stations and proved so easy of cultivation and pleasant In taste (the flavor resembling artichokes) that the vegetable has made many friends and is now procurable at the markets In most of our larger cities. The agreeable quality Is in considerable measure due to the crisp- ness of the tubers, and as this disap- j pears when they are exposed to the air they should be stored In sand or saw - dust They are ready for use when the plant dies down In the autumn, though they may be easily carried over the winter, and are prepared for the table like potatoes or other vegeta- bles or may be eaten raw like radishes, On an avirarB mtahva has tho rnllmw. Ing percentage composition: 78.6 per cent water, 2.7 per cent protein, 0.1 horses. Nature has favored it with per cent fat 17.4 per cent total carbo- nutritious herbage and a pure, dry hydrates (0.7 per cent being crude and bracing air eminently favorable fiber) and 1.2 per cent ash. Like the to horse breeding. It takes a great other roots and tubers which have deal of labor to cultivate the fields of been spoken of, the stachys is charac- this broken region, and the brood mare terlzed by a high water content and Is called upon for her share of the carbohydrates constitute the principal work. This is another condition that nutritive material. According to some has led to the production of strong, authorities, lnulin is present in stachys rugged colts destined some day to car ta place of starch, while others state ry on the commerce of the world, that starch Is replaced by a special The Perche farmer is the breeder of carbohydrate called stachyose. A di- these horses, and It is a well known gestion experiment with stachys was fact that the farm is the ideal place made some years ago in Japan, and it to produce those lusty, vigorous colts was found that the carbohydrates were about as thoroughly digested as those of potatoes, 95 per cent being re tained by the body. C. F. Langwor thy. , Quality In Milk. It Is possible that a cow that has been poorly fed or one that is in poor or sickly condition will give milk that is abnormally low in fat and. when, she is better fed or when she begins to improve in condition that she will give milk richer- in fat than before, but of course this sort of comparison Is not justifiable because we have con ditions that are abnormal. The per cent of fat which a cow gives seems to be a matter of heredity, just the same as her color or dlsposi- tlon is a matter of hereditv anrl ran no more be changed than can either of these two characteristics. We well know that the only way to change the color or disposition of animals Is through breeding that is, a cow of one disposition or color will transmit those qualities to her offspring only to a limited degree when bred to a bull whose color or disposition differs from hers. The offspring will inherit the sire's characteristics as well as those of the dam. If the sire's material an- cestors were cows that gave milk poor In fat content, then his offspring will Inherit that characteristic to a certain degree, depending upon his prepotency and tnat of tne cow ne Dred to. There is another way by which the a ntent of milk may be changed and that 18 by animals existing for federation after generation under sim- uar conumons as to ieea, writes f. jn. r . m uie souuera iiuraiist. or in- stance, it is claimed that a breed of cows taken from a district where the pasture has been scarce and scanty but nutritious for a great many gen- erations may give milk that is richer in butter fat than cows taken from a district where feed has been abundant for a great many generations. 1 j Stable Manure. When the manure is exposed to the tiful stallions on the native mares of action of the elements and the leach- Perche continued as late as 1820, when Ings allowed to drain away it rapidly the two noted gray stallions Godophln decreases in value. Experiments con- and Gallipoli were introduced in the ducted to determine the facts have ia- stud stables at Pin, thus stamping dicated that horse mrfnure, thrown their character, quality and endurance Into a loose pile and subjected to the n the horses of the country with an in action of the elements, will lose nearly delible Impress, gays a writer In Na-one-half of Its valuable fertilizine con- : tlonal Stockman. . stituents in the course of six months, and that any kind of manure, even In a compact mass, when so placed that all water falling upon it quickly runs through and off sustains a considerable j loss, though less than the former case, j says a writer in American Cultivator, j Therefore, after having made all the good stable manure practicable, pro i tect it in some way fromfermentation and leaching and supplement It with commercial rertiiizers alter it is ap plied to the soil. Humus In Orchard Soil The humus loosens the soil particles. which in turn increases its water ca- pacity. The humus is essential f or j A. j . . . . ...... . . uie growia or ue Deneneiai Dactena : of the soil. One of the most Impor-! tnnt nnrts that n rnvar imn nioirs ( 1 lts ability to change chemically the ' compounds in the soil and put them in an available form for tn ivoes. The cover crop gathers, digests and tnms over to the trees the plant food which It has stored. :- ii Blemishes From Codling Moth. Apples In which codling moth larva have been killed close to the surface are but slightly blemished and keep In cold atorem almost w.n n bnens abeoiatety without hnens abeoiatehr vtthont uwfc !' THE PERCHEROH. w esraouan a i gray oran hof-f 'i!. .f" d JflLT rlculture and Professors Ciirtiss and Kennedy 0f the Iowa State college to geject the Shire and Clydesdale breeds for the beginning of the experiment, though some of the gray Percheron blood may possibly be used later in the progress of the experiment Com- menting upon this enterprise. National - stockman remarks: The color has been selected with ' more wisdom than fairness to existing Interests. The gray draft horse has been made Dopular in this country by the Percheron. Very few gray draft horses other than Percherons have been used here, and this color has be- come a sort of Percheron trademark, an Indication of Percheron blood. The prejudice in favor of It is so strong that it forced Percheron breeders to re- , turn to the breed's original color when I a fashion lad them from it for a season. ' Ideal Home of the Horse. ; In the little district of Perche, sit- . uated in the south of Normandy, in France, we find the native home of probably the most popular breed of draft horses in the world today, the Percheron. This is a somewhat bro- ken country, with rather scant pastures and watered by numerous springs and V.l, or. M.ol lsw.orl.or. W A velopment of such a noble breed of Ohio's bsonze percheron.. tBronze figure of Percheron horse lately presented to ueumo oiaie university by the Societe Hippique Percheronne of France. The gift was made In recogni tion of the part Ohio men have played for over a half century in Importing Percherons to America. Since the day when the great stallion Louis Napoleon was brought to Ohio in 1851 citizens of this state have led as importers and producers of this valuable breed. The figure has a total height of twenty-five inches and is representative of a perfect Percheron horse. that will develoo into sood drafters. He takes pride in his horses; he loves them. It seems to come natural to him. He takes good care of the brood mare, works her and feeds her care- fully, and here lies one of the main factors that has brought the breed to the high degree of perfection which It holds today. When the colts are about eighteen months old he assigns them to some light work. They are hardy and soon become accustomed to it and enjoy it. iney are aDunaanuy tea, ana wun mis exercise mey acquire a strong, healthy condition, The Percheron has been bred in this district for many centuries; In 1732, when the French defeated the Sara- cens, they captured their horses and brought them to their country, and to these historic Arabian horses, so noted for their superior symmetry, quality and intelligence, the modern Percheron owes Its origin. The use of these beau- When They Are Behind. With pigs coming at several times of the year it -is not easy -to prevent some of the larger ones from having the advantage. These robust fellows look out for themselves; tbey have their share and more. Of course the big ones should be kept away from the smaller ones that is admitted. But when we give all the pigs con siderable range how large a farm will It take for one or two hundred pigs born during half a dozen months of the year that each may have its share of the land, the shade and the water? We cannot work " out m thls wa? M we would llke to d0; consequently some nicrs are behind the rest. Thv '' , , - cuffed an abused occasionally, T1 c ltlluw tiety uiw au .iu- closure for tneir feed hich the big a1Ihti AAnvme- An-f-Ma T 4-V aPA1f Va. fellows cannot enter. If they fall be hind and do not grow as they should, we shut them up for a week or two and feed them skim milk and other : things they like. They should not stay In too long or they may take the thumps. The change of diet and free dom from molestation are good for them. It Is not advisable to doctor Ihese pigs with stale buttermilk. This Advice is given free, says a writer la farmers Advocate. It cost two pica pfga 1 MARKET PEACHES. fruite for about thirty-five years. saW writer In New England Homestead. Practically all sorts do weU In Niagara county. Our soil Is a gravelly one, es pecially adapted to fruit culture. Peach trees are at their best when about SHOCK PEACHES. eight years old. Some trees at this age will yield from four to five bush- els annually. I think It best to prune In the spring. We cut out the tops nnrt fill ilonrl tcywI tho iti mnH from winter freezing or other causes. I think it well to keep all wood that Is not active cut out We begin cultivation in our orchards as soon as the ground is dry enough In the spring. We use a pulverizer and disk until the early part of Au- gust We have not used any commer cial fertilizer, but add barnyard ma nure In the orchard when and where it is needed, this being put on during the' winter. We thin our peaches reg ularly and find it pays. In the same journal is given, an il lustration of Beer s bmock, which Is popular as a market peach In the or- chard sections of Michigan It ripens the last of September, and its harvest- ing season lasts until about Oct. 10. The samples shown were taken from a tree seven years old and from which was gathered last season four bushels of prime fruit. They netted the grow er $2 per bushel at the orchard. TOOLS AND WAGONS. Providing Shelter For All Saves Expense. Implements "I either shelter- my tools or burn them. A tool not worth sheltering is not worth keeping. My wagon has not been out four nights in the ten years that I have run it. The hay rack is drawn up by pulleys over the barn floor, except when I thrash, and then if is nut in a tool barn. "My horse rake has been In use over twenty summers and has never had a tire set. I have had but two mowing machines in my farming, and I seldom cut less than eighty acres each year. My potato crates are kept sheltered and filled and set in the cellar. They have strips under them to keep them off the ground." These were the words of a very care ful farmer and a successful one. Go ing by his place one will note an ap pearance of thrift and neatness. The buildings are in good repair and well painted. There is a large wood pile and a roomy wood shed. One notices also the absence of wornout wagons, sleighs, harrows, cultivators, etc., scat tered about His tools are kept in re pair, and he does not buy more than he can shelter. By Way of Contrast. I went through a farmer's orchard, back of his barn, last fall, and it had the remains of nearly a dozen old wagons standing around, with tall weeds grown up through and among them and gone to seed. I wondered how he would gather his apples, says a writer in American Cultivator. It would be a tedious and unsatisfactory task to cut these weeds. 4 Many of these wagons might have been repaired for very much less than the cost of new ones. Above all, he was in debt for the wagons bought to replace these old ones. A self binder that cost $125, on which he has been -paying interest for ten years, stood out in a snowdrift last winter. Next to providing shelter for wagons and tools it is wise to have a place where they may be comfortably re paired in winter or on rainy days. Holding Cotton at Home. I will tell you how I have done for thirty years here in Texas, says a writer in Farm and Ranch. When in the fall I begin to pick I sell when the price suits me. Then when it gets low er by the rush of cotton on the market I place large rails or poles skinned flat on ground three feet apart and place my cotton on them edgewise, not touching each other. After the first rain I change the bale on the other edge and continue this plan as late as May, waiting upon the market and selling when I get ready or am com- - - -j pelled to seU and not calling upon Danger or mercnant or any otner per- son. This cotton, every bale, has kept v At JW J A - . . perfectly sound, and not a pound is the least damaged. Virgin Soil For Hotbeds. Prepare the soil for hotbeds now. Virgin soil from the woods Is best for bedding melons, cukes and sweet po tatoes. It Is nearly always dry and easily handled in October. Haul and pQe it up near the hotbeds so that tt can be. covered later on. Then when j bedding time comes it will bs la fine The HecLvy Hog Again. Two very popular English breeds of 8wme are winninS their way Into the ot st. that wins his way Into the farmer's love is the one that pays a profit Large Yorkshires are increasing hi numbers in Wisconsin, Minnesota, northern Iowa, Nebraska " and South Dakota. I have found a dozen new herds in northern Illinois and Wiscon sin. They are giving good satisfaction. The Essex is thriving in the heart of Illinois corn sections, and many farm-j ers are using pure bred boars to cross on grade Poland-China sows. The Es- XiABOB "WHITE BOAR. sex boars stamp an individuality on y,. pigs teUs experienced hn m t . h- , S a Bl U Sla"Ce Wflere XJjey Come from. , xorKswre Doars get over io per cent j white pigs, which speaks well for their breeding propensities. The Yorkshires and the Essex are said by all who have tried them to make great breeders and good mothers. They are meritorious without doubt and find a fair market writes a Nebraska correspondent to Country Gentleman, in which the ac companying cut also occurs. Light Hogs Leave the Pedestal. Hog market antics have been amaz- Ing recently. Forecasting events twen- ty-f our hours in advance is well nigh lmpossible Just what kers meaa , . . . . ' , is hrd to dlvme- ne da me waat nominS but light hogs; the following session finds them clamorous for cheap stuff. One thing is certain light hogs are about to leave the pedestal, and within a short time the premium wi" be awarded to medium weight bar rows, 220 to 260 pounds, barrows that now cut but little figure in the move ment Light hogs have bad their day. Eastern growers are cutting them loose freely, and a big crop of spring pigs is coming along in the west. Old corn being scarce, new grain will be used to force them, and cholera scares will send them at light weight to the stock yards by the thousand. Already the yards have been flooded by sixty to sev enty pound pigs that were sacrificed for no ower reason tnan rear or mortality, If the big run of sows which has been in progress for several months past should suddenly stop, weighty hogs would sell much higher, concludes the Breeder's Gazette, Chicago. Less Quality, More Hog. During the last few weeks we have given considerable attention to the 6tudy of the swine exhibited at sev eral state fairs in the great central west. We observed closely the kind oj hogs that carried away the premiums, and we also took some pains to inquire ibto the type of hog which was most keenly in demand, says Iowa Home stead. The demand that comes from the average farmer who is looking for pure bred males to use on grade herds is for a hog that shows a little more ruggedness, rather greater length and with heavier bone than those that have been winning at some of our fairs. We found that men who had for sale rather large, growthy young stuff were disposing of their surplus much more rapidly than those who were offering hogs of the finer type. When you g with your refinement beyond a certain point you are bound to injure the pro lific qualities of your foundatioristock, and that is why the rather larger, coarser type Is so popular with the farmer trade. For Corn Feeding. A common practice with farmers in feeding corn to cattle is to pick the small ears. After feeding for some i time, especially if fed for market, the ' cattle often refuse to eat. This is 1 caused by feeding too large pieces. which makes the mouth sore. By the use of a device like the one shown In the accompanying cut no trouble of EAB CORN CUTTEB. this kind will result, as the corn can be .cut in small pieces, says a Farm and Fireside correspondent The knife can be made from an old buggy spring and pivoted to one end of a bench. A board with a slot cut in it Is nailed to the other end, which serves as a guide for the handle end of the knife. ThA oTrtt la aaw-il jim- Jnst wide enough to let the knife Reoistretioa of lead Tit'e. In the Olmit Onn nOlie a. Tncrvti. H:Wfc Arr-it 19.. n ov, j. iw.,.. e, ; ;4 of l.nri. .iMn r. V . rltr- w "rt rontainW .9f .rro. r4 w.u ,,,, v To P.rr.H Pr,i.rf tv'.- v'-' Vr w. Srahn. r'.r.. ck, .,, !.,. p, r.fWlg. .ml 'An ctn ) tr.T rc,. - r,f,r.'.r(,; TAVF vnrr Tt.t nplhfilh Tr ,r,t-v(rr. r frr-Iin.. Ion vm flfrl v- .. prrt, , (1) r")rnlt Court of the 9t. r o-o for TVtttnrt fnn,. Orwron. frr ivttlti vt.tV' of r Mtle o Ko la4 pttov (fMtlwl "Wow. nrM Ton r. or- or too. fro nf F'Vrnrrv A . T. 'OQ ,ri ,Krr OMr vhv orfMHon .orM ht m,rW.H. H t.Vor roofoMoif .rH - iVor. iH!1 V pn -rf ooorir.ff to tno rrnrw o ! .ooHoat'or. .nit -rrt oornnlolnt run hr forrvr r.rror' from "WlBim p franco. Tflt . rvrv.li.. Orrpon tMr (Hr o.r of J.n -rv. 100H '"' T. T. VTWrFNT r.rfc firoMt Oonrf of too .Ofpfo of froen for "nton ennntv NOTTOrc FOP PTTBTTOATTON. DRPAWTMFKT F TrTF TNTFBTnR Tjnrt OflW Fosonnrc. A- Tn, H. IDOfl. Notfeo J. ftorohv Hvon tr.t FM. J. WWFenof Monroe, Benton Co, Or . fW potior of li). ntn. tlon to ir.Ve n.l fivr wr rroof in purport of MsoUim. vir.t Komiwtp.f Fntrv vo. nolo, ir-adp rvtot-rr 1 "M1. forth N of F(. Sortlong. Town.hln U onth. R.nim W.t w M. nrl th.t. M proof will he Trade -hefore Oonntv rierV and ritrv of Cnnnt.v Court at OorvalHu. Oreron. on Friday. M.mh . IPOS. ' He name the followlne wltre.se. to nroro fcta rontinnoua residence npon, and cultivation of, the land, viz: Walter J. Plason. Welherrv wii.nn. albert Oaks ' nd Jamea Oake. all of Monroe. Crrn. BKN.TAMIN U EDDY, Refiatar. Re-adverttsement. ff The Best Quality of PIANOS and. ORGANS At the Store of GRAHAM & WELLS Corvallis, Ore Ron CUSTOMERS Are requested to call and see them be fore purchasing elsewhere. THIS OLD RELIABLE HOUSE will sell their FINE-TONED INSTRU MENTS FOR REASONABLE PRICES instead of charging you extra to make up for high city rents, railroad faros antl hotel bills for traveling salesmen. , Music Loving People Can purchase these reliable goods i their home town. If there is anything yon do not understand you will find the (litis near yor home. Own Your Ho ma THE First ' National - Bank of Corvallis has some . TOWN' LOTS Near- the State Agricultural College whith you aan buy on the INSTALL MENT PLAN or for cash. Save Ten or Twenty altars per month and pay the same on a town lot. Thereafter BUILD YOUR HOME on the lot aad continue to make thee small monthly payments on the home and you will aeon have it paid for and have no more rent to pay. Per information address W.ZH. SAVAG OorvalHm, Or SO YEARS' EXPERIENCE Trade Marks Designs COPYRIGrltS etC Anyone sending a sketch and description mat qulcsly ascertain our opinion free whether aa invention is probably patentable. Communica tions strictly conBdential. HANDBOOK on Patents Bent free. Oldest agency for securing patents. Patents taken through Munn & Co. receive tpecial notice, without charge, in the Scientific Htttetlcan A handsomely illustrated weekly. T-nrpest clr dilation of any scientific journal. Terms, 93 tt year ; four montho, f L. Sold by all newsdealers. . " B.S2P' 'Washington. D. C CASTOR I A yox Infants and Children. ''ou Have Always Bought of The f4 ff their teed. John V. UagC . !- . ahape te work. Fa Journal. freelx. for Job Work v.