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About East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current | View Entire Issue (Jan. 2, 1889)
fear's Edition, U0O Copies. Twelve Pages, With Illustrated Supplement. PENDLETON, UMATILLA CO., OREGON, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 2, 1889. Mifh;lnil I'entiirn", gull, Oil tnnitl iiciiiirirm -jDl.tN IIIISI'.HVATION. rt.Vltf t rm l'reiit niid w, ..... . L,.,.or."lMriiiii.i necKin. L3 remarked Unit if ill tho nil I's.'S the chntiite, Hoil, and con the two coasts of tlio Nortl i rootincut hud been rovcrse.! Iffst Kuroicun InitnlgratitH nr- our shores, to mako tholr l, to tlicm, now worltl, not only tut ultliuato results, wotiI iLi: dlfTcriuit from what they . ... ..I II.. -I....M.. I. I. lnsicuii in u memo, rocii. lit," ml long, severe, dreary rwinlcrs, hero they would M almost a semi-tropical noil c; nature, in places, fruitful brislituKl (IroaniH; brief, leri, nd luii),', tomporato Hum. la prairies ready for the plow, list but Blight attention and 1mm with fruit and f lowers. I tine; nml, what they sought ki!I,lnuncn?o truaHtiru oi gold HKlltmit tho coihiiuoiih wero Isrtrscu. In the rigorous cll ca llic imidtfina foil of Now ludbytlio sunda and swamps it tun mo uuroiinus, umtd lud trials, worn reared tho Id the lmtlon, who doublleHH : tho hardy, rinrifod nuturcs i tbe outgrowth of such mir- ptberthun tliu more pllublo if, li not inoro ollomlnuto, might liavo bCCII dovel- the ujIiii and bloom of tho NO 2G0. J1TII I A nnilMTY. Wasco, Crook. Klatnutli. i.nln n..,i - - - -. Irtlitun Mil hour. Il.ikor ri V. " T."" ' ""Vu,,u "ls.,ol,u oiiiuor.iiiiy hroken . parison. nllordim: nmi.li. oimnrtunl-.- fnr ..I...... .,f ,ii.,.t fir. n,n n.. m tilla, Morrow and (1 Hnni n wl 0, r , " ., ""L.WSL.W" !!''' "'" ipmfortublo sleep. As to t'l'.o sulubrlctv. 1 thousand hen. of Miieoii uni ilniil III .. 1.. I... .. ii .. i , juun ui uiiiuiira. IHiwi V lirv. nyi'Hlil U'liim I mi-.i lu in ... . ....i .. .1 I., .i. ' .i.. i t ..... .... .i . 1 '"V" l'""-", ""Mting snows eouvort them into tern mm. ! Uiilld s.hm wl,r .,. i ' t. , I it. ! "V "V ' . N1 ,u , I """' 0 " i-ttrofiil nintir Lr.l i m ii ovory way uio ary stream beds. iipbV u mnr.. . v- .i.,,ri i t ...t . n "r 'n ' " W1 lu ,,U0UL " ( Kciiii'm anil economy, will yield .V .:, con,,,.v' " . . re, then, is tho rotitliwomom ....nl,,,, ,,, 1 7,, ,ii . : " V"' ... I "SK"""'" . ' " ?1,"'"k. ". .Hvlnc from wiuniuu, ieoiiiu, retourccs, nrodiiects. of the lrwit'Tnliiinl,!,. n..i., n .. . . i 7.. """ men- unMiino i-uiiMiiicraiuo nuinuern oi urci, or at east aller t ho I rut vear or u ... ...y reauers oi mo j;.sr Uiti:uo.s- the northwest lies thin f., .,.,.1 ; I ,.r. u,7C' . ; " m .. . . . "i'rcy oi, ami more plundered Mfl ' utcrm .on ot our county and town lond, '4lio heart oftlio4iilamIKn l"t the .lay of mil I'U ail O II Hiory, ntlU 0110 lMKMUHn nf ' I in mi l nn.l It, .,,.( f ...i.i .1 ' ' . ' .. . n . . ... ...uivi .iiiiii rim k nun uriMiur, nun iwioru IIHICII larill' oppress OHM IS now alxillt lv.ini niid " " rro,1 '.fl'''oH, justl. mora widely known. moro than a mere mem m of , ; ,:. "J VwT.i Vi .. " ' ' ""." .V""' "V." .ft"? "IV rum H"'"-1 . iv i. ) X...IV.. ..u.ih. ii. .ii.i .ill, ...1H. Tho dav of real liroirnsM find ilnvnlnn I . ti . years under adverse comlltloiiH which will Hoou bo changed, partly by tho operation Of boneliceut IiIWH. lilt mnmlivllinml. Vent of HOW lltld rninlmtlttvn tni'iiutmrl... tlon facilities nml otherentorprlees, which men of Capital am llUrm-i'rlmr nm u-nrtl.v of their attention. It is no Iwomlnir boast, no hoIHhIi nm. tenso, no Illusory picture, to Hay that ....... ....... .. . uci-mieu 10 no ono oi mo most woallliy, jKipuliuii and prosperous communities in tho United Males. Tho reasons fnr Ibis nssortlon must bo looked for hv tho in quirer In tho facts presented In this artl- clo. And It shall lie written fairlv and ono is necessary. This is tho Inlluen. o of uio .iap.ui eurrent.au Immenso racillc ocean "Gulf stream," which sweeps to ward tliu North I'acltle coast, and exerts anco as this iseapableof ihIhIiik' anvlhlni;, I "'J5. wic Inllucnco here, for hundreds of much loss Hitch wonderful crops" as aro ) ln"es hilund, that tho (lulf stream does really grown. In a portion of tliu county, i "x tho Iltltlsh Islands. Tho tiotencv it is truo, when ntoint, presents a dark, o( this current may lie imasined better rich apjiearanco, and this is really tho )V',CI1 weretlect iii.m tho .loinotiHtrated best; but further from the mountains, ' ac,1 t,mt tliosoutheusterniortlons of oven where it looks lighter and Is moro looso 1 1,,'ur Ml,ku are milder lu temjieraturo and flno, It Is scarcely less productive. ilmn l'fiinsylvunla and Northern Ohio. Ill Mlltlltnnr. ulimi mi ruin nm ill.... . I 1 HIS OCCailtC I'llm'llt iw lllsn Htilmndoil n Umaillia COtllltV IS toiinv nm. nf Mm i.iAtit 1 NAVprtil t'fwLM .ui.lmiiu It I.. u .1.. i lio tlin siinri'i. nf (In. liiinniiH 'Pl.l.wu.b' fair and favored regions of tho earth, and tho surface, so light and parched in an- whnls, which in winter sweep gently from pearanco, that u stranger, unaciiialntcil i tho soutlieast, across the mountains and with its.ptalities, would at ouco pronounce , l!14""" of Oregon, oven to Idaho, moiling It utterly useless. Hut ho need only wait , 1 10 ,mow 1,1 11 fuw hours, and enahling till harvest for abundant proof of the tho hcnlsof cattlo and horses to onioy maxim that "apiiearanccsatedccoptlvo." tbo herbngo which Is green and growing Tl.to -..t I . i ... I lituli.r tin. u.ii.uv Wl.i.ta ..r Ui. .......... ...a , i-ui.iii ...in U1IV V II PVil'Uril. luaill. i :. . .." .....o . ni....,..i;.i honestly, with no Intent to deceive or do- It was a chaos of ice and rocks. Again. 1 though never stilllciently tlorco to do coy any ono, but simply as "tho truth, I It was deluged with an over-flow of lava. ! "'"""KJ'i ro i"t so pleasant, as they iiunu iiiuiia ui uuni uiu sou ileum very IULV VOV.MIIH KS. Iaa-t wus not long unknown I First tliu Spaniards, then li of their course of discovorlcs Mi, lent upon spcils, rapine, l4ierlon of all newly found U true f.ilili a strange mlxturo ilri'jce, of tho cicsh and tho lltUh carnival and established Mtliylownr f'allfornlii coast. Jimlps felt their way at In- f t the moro northerly coat-t, itm for it north-east pasaago ittunwr. uion tlio mouth ibUliiivinir been d scovored. hul C'larko having told tho .wndorful iournov. tho Iran- . .i . . -' . Mice virtual con.iucrerH and i4liolo g cat Korlhwest. IMijiermalient, civilized and Baymtloii camo not by ntrUnil. across two thousand If of niminNlns nml plains, m by wild leahtH and tho I j tod trencherous suvnuo. I'tlieeoxpeditlons that passad, tm H now caiieu tmuiiiiu to after tniesliic throuuh ' Klvatiuns. hardships, ami I'tiichlt can Bcarcely bo bo il mm could Milium. ItllllL'll M mountains had been passed ! fT tlilges, and deep, dark, interior. tho wholo truth, and nothing but tho 1 in somo places humlrcds of feet In depth. niI.8U clo,llllJ ol truth," us Itaiipearstoonowhohasthe It has been deluged with IIool; It Iiiih ,,,,t u,ltl lr' best or means for knowing whereof ho ' beon parched with rainless summers; It' Dining tho summer months no rain speaks. has beon swopt with tho belching of vol- j falls, and the faco of tho ground assumes Umatilla county is on tho northorn canoes j It has licon crushed and chiseled a barren appearance; but farmers aro bonier of Oregon, and is separated fiom 'and scarred with monstrous ieo-borgs. 'thus enublcd to secure tho great crops Idaho on tho Kast by but one county ' In nil these operations of nature, tllllnir : which they could not sav.i in the show- Union. ItH northern boundary is tho! countless ages of tlmo, tho soil was ! cry harvest-tlmo of Kastern Slates. Of real river of tho northwest tho Colum being prepared for tho uso and ubodu j course seasons dill'er greatly lu regard to hi. On tho cast and south it is bounded of man: and it would seem that tho amount of molsturu. OrdhmrlK-. by Union and (Irani counties, and on tho 1 somethinir in tho naturo of tho materials I more or less rain falls hi occasional west by Morrow, which was carved from of which it Is comtwtfed, or lu tho man- showers up to May sometimes ns late Umatilla hi 18H5. It has an area, in iter of tho eomiWlion. rouder it of for-'us Juno: and liea iisairaln in Sctiti'iubor rounii numncrs. oi ninety townsnips, (umy noi surpasseu,nnn swirceiycijuaicn. orucioncr. iietween uctober and .May a,J.M0 wptaro miles, or 2,073,000 acres, anywhere on tho globo. Ono marked thoro aro frciptent nml often coitous pro- Doumiary on uio casi nmi houin is i:io i icaiuro oi mix ton is us capacity lor rc-, cipnaiious, ciiougu to eusuro, nearly uv- sulliclont for at least a month or two, ti I'.u.v.iv ru.viu iuppch. Tho gross valuation of assessable proji crty in tho county has Increased from 0,tM)3,170 In 188T to over seven millions in 1888. Tho mineral resources aro considerable, though yet but little developed. Tho pioclous metals are found In Iheoxtremo somn ami soutlieaslern iortions of tho couiiiy, ami soma claims tiiere and In (no nelghlwring mines of linker and viraiii coumies win utiuouino.il y jirove very rich when Hiilllclnt can tn Is In vested In their development. Them aro large depositH of coal also, especially in tho southern tortious of tho county, iiniir uio II04U waters oi nutter creek. rl.lgo of tho III no Mountains, tho western and northern slnpo of which comnrlso a goodly portion of tho county. N ithotit attempting to bo strictly accurate us to tlguroH, it may be said that tho mountain ous portion of tho county amounts to six teen or eighteen townships. Along tho Columbia, on the northern oihro of tho county, is a strip of sandy laud, not en-1 would havo shriveled and inoiy wortniess, yei noi aiiapiwi to ngrt-1 iuck oi water. tiiiniug m.usturo, so tnut wiicn, niter i cry year, iiountuui crops, it is unlvers Fomo weeks without rain, the Mirfaco ally remarked by old fcltlcrs that much scorns to bo parched wit'iilioutli, tho soil moro molsturo has fallen during Into than a few inches below will Ih moist; nml during former years; caused, us Is sui grain will bo found growing green and , jwed, by the largely Incrcnu'd area of rank, and later, iliK-ulug into a bountiful-cultivated land, .fudging tlio future by harvest, where, under similar climatlu tho past, nud rualizing that tho cultivated conditions in many localities any plants 1 urea will greatly lncioafo lu tho next few fitarvcn lor years, it may no ninety iireii. tci tnut no ; region in the country is loss iiablo to ij:iis, sterile Kundy plains; 1 cruel Indians until, worn i-Tww, almost ready unit will culture, varying in width from flvo to ten i This Is a "now country" vet. Ily this 'houth than this, miles, and comprising probably seven or 1 1 niimn timi Hm snll u hint fniniln.' iinnn ' The iMiniilutlon In IKfiS will 11 1 toll t. four- eijjilit townships. Uio remainder, jwr- Who Inidrock of tho llanln. In many teen th.uisand, excluding 1000 Indians, hups Mxtyllvo townships, Is fine iigifcul- j.Iucch tho rock Is Indeed yet uncovered. ! Tho vote in November, 1888 was Ili'l):), tural luud, mast of It of extraordinary for- , uid tho process of soil-forming has I which on tho usual basis, taken In this tllity, ami tlio c.pia oi which can scarcely scurcely lH-guii. Tho immigrant passes through much of this sort of country on his way hither, csecliilly over tho North orn TacHle. In other localities tho now soil, found during romiuimttvely recent agcs, is not yet moro than llvo. six, ; eight, ton or twenty feet deep. When- over it Is of any such depth. It is wonder- ilia cuiniy, its tho Columbia prising most of the ! Jiuulti, has cousiderntiio territory whom Thoi-o portions c'escrlbed as "o 9" " otye t oi sumcient uepin to no bo found botueen tho oceans, ns moro de tailed slateiiients hea-aflor will show. HOI NTAI.NS .1X11 S.1SII. For convonloneo, therefore, tho coun try mav bo divided into threo t-eclions: tliu mountains, tho sandy laud and tho agricultural land ; tho unproductive moun- Vr U . .l'"y Bi!c . ..t',,1J... 1 tain and desert portions being along tho ' J' pro.luctive. Hut L uiatll a borders of tho county, and tho fortllo nml j V,u1'. othor iwitioris of tho agricultural lands comprising most of the ! ln; '' coiiHhlornhlo terrltp mountain and worthless, however, 'l.l...,..., 11. iuui.ii.n I'VI ...... ... ...u wrat last, wo road.camo Into t conjunction with tlio grout w.' whero tho wwither was , ,,ra,,le land, Is extremely as desert aro fur from being indeed, tlio moun count l 111 fnr iifrli'tilf iiri. Thom urn viilu- ablo for paHturago, lielng gouerully cov- country four and aluilfto a voter- gives ii population of 11.100. As is usual in tho Went, it In made up of men of all nationalities, and Immigrants from ull Stutes; but tho greater tartlon arc nil live Americans, ami from the Western Stutes. No better class of voph- Is to bo found In any State. Ah ii rule thoy are Industrious, enterprising and Intelligent. The piluclal occupations aro farming, stock-raising, wool growing and dairying. Formerly wiiou the country was sparsely Kittled, stock unit wixil-ndslng worn about tho only industries. Tliu plains y. taken in urvu "u't"K,,v " tnai aro now uirgciy convcra-u mm gmm btxly of ferlllo u,0.v H'O""' "h rauicr inuii in iun i u0,ih wero then coveml with a luxuriant valuable. It MtemptH at farming. (growth of buuchgriiHs; and this was the ...,.if...,.t.,.r 'Uio prairies oi iiumiiiiu coumy aro stockman's narad so. It win is-lievcd luce of tlin roilntrv iiivillni'! , ,.r,.u,n nr. i lift (tf it tvif ttlttti. : not ns well watcied us might lio desired, n,(, hind was not adantcd to kre.aloug tho Umatilla, thoy I bom 0f sheop ami other f-tock. l'roliably yoM1,t'ro."ro.,,l.l,u,m,1,ur r "'".'I11 t,reo,!UH' agrlcultuio, and for uiauy years any sug- r.l fksio.1 .,,! li,l .1. . . .. ... . mi... . i.r.i. !. Iimil no liH-itlltv IS far from tllCKO. lllO I .n.ull.... .f omln urna ni wim ri'illlvi'il i. . ' . k,'vku. ' . ' IlOl less tiiau iiuii u iiiiiiioii iieuu ui biiuuii i -- - --,,, .. .,- o-- n-- " . ... .... Mwjscourago lor tholr furtlior I urn kont In theso nu Moun a im ovorv principal wmai ;m . ' """ whii lncmuuuiy in n scorn. uruuuiuM, Hlrch, Hutler, and other creeks. On tho . t) tho nortlieahtorn jioitlonof the paey. 'HI they out imon. not vet Nothing but tail tury ago? aving in tho brcozo; tho ioJj abovo; tho watora rip- tllB rnr'lrv lilin.ifinlu fl.n vi'tir. Indian villuges.atul their Of llOnI.ilw,inl .. l.m.un nnl .. . . .. V. V .1 ......1, ..W .f llurrow. nnt ii... ur..ii nt no tailng voico within hundreds ttiey passed on, doubtlesa U thev had 1kiii tlin first w ravcrw this region, thoy tho ast. ,Jtr liter, r.imn fl.n .in.lrln. hi il,!. r----;- IrwT lu Oregon , ' mr iwson.asn iiolltlcul uroa. waa f, ,f?J west as now, and ex Valifornla on tho south to tho '. tho only "Oregon" thoy Ubey had set out to reach, lactto or Itogue river valley. ,rn Ori'2011 tw-lnnirAil. nii-nnl. .'"Pf, to tho Greutr American "Jiney bolioved It to be when I0fr it .... ... . . icomo considerably ionu- ' nolia.lKen tho great stools '8 "I'on these uplands, und -v..jcu ia( uielr nerves aim nkinijy to it, ventured to w the mountains" for rango t Tlio.. i... .1.' ),?dlet'0very WttB mado that rouna Walla Wulla, grain unit tirinrr (nrll. anail anuafnml .ln..l t ( l.v, p added a Httlo farming to 'i. Until !... f..n.. i... nia iuiiv uuuiuil- ttie ttl'ftn. l.I.U J 'Jing a considerabla iiortion y. la scarcely to be ex- " tho world as a grain l t r-astem Oruffon that is. s.: kwdo mountains, waa wegon becama a aro Let: your, from about Juno 1st to November 1st, on lands not lit for agricultural pur . .. - i i t rti nia tt tiiiiM-i nj uririiii'M lint iiinii iri t ...i... t tuiaiiitur ua unv irriiiiiiri i v- & 0 VSo? mount, m ,r. W Tlu s rams am l iiumlir of bu mills mSl Ii tho .l by u growth of colon wood or nnd westward until tho area left to tho Zudacturo of iumlwr ?nulea ot" ! ',f un ot,wr uPIylnK ', ""'llllock- and herds is greatly diminished, wh eh arTshhUd or hiuffi Prai- 'nil,erIul . ,0 vln Urcatly to the surprlso of old settlers, tho .'.'i'r'V "'8 .rJ Mostol , .lfl.ufs wero found moro Prolltlo than ' r," ZTWLTr .T" tho bottlers upon tho.pralrles lmyo to do- tl;0 Io ,-k I, t.o.ns, an. tho .higher pendontno mountains tor ineir w.xsi, : t1(( jun(i where tho neptiioi kjii is sui- flclont. tho irreater is tlio Icrtiiliy. tho HefcliloB thoso high, wooded I 'tlaLWa8 'ornied, Including : .7.l'iefCnt eoatnm hnnmlaripH rSf.t.Iroclc Counties. Ono by ..r-uuea Wero car vn.1 frnm .vld ttaiilla, unUi Eagtern Ore- "e C3untiea, ua foHows, nnturlal and flro-woo.1. ValUUblO ICatlirOH. tlieSO Jllgll, WOOUCU r t .IU-in,w nf fmYn llvn to fnrtv hills aro a beautlul refuge from tho heat 'If '"fe. of t I ue and dust of tho prairies and tow ns in sum- Jj ?, n mer, airording shade. Ice-cold water, ia gamo, ' fish, and all tuat Is needed to ; pleoso tlio tourist or traveler, uiiiiko mnny mountain regions this la accessible from any iolnt, and travcrslblo in almost any direction with a liorao, and in many portions with a team. Of tho other strip of country alluded to, along tho Colum bia, so much In iti favor cannot bo said ; yet it la not ultogother barren. It la a bed of coareo sand, partially covered with a growth ot eugo-Drusn. u aiso prouucea un oarly, flno grass, which la very nutri- CL1SUTK. Ono of tho first considerations with many immigrants is climute. Accus tomed, perhaps, to tho savugo extremes and eyefonea of States cast of tho ltocky Mountains, they aro slow to bellovo tho roixirta thov havo heard of tho alubriety and equability of the region we aro de Bcribiug. Somo havo no doubt heard ex aggerations, hut tho unvarnished truth la enough to recommenu huh situoii m uu who desire to escajo the evils alluded to. change has Urn so great that already tho l.'iullnc Industry is wheat raising. In 1835 tho umoimt of wheut exjwrted was upwurdt of tw o and a hull million iiusiieia. In 188J,owingtoanuniiHUully unfavorablo season but lltllo ruiu or snow having fallen during tho winter tho yield was proouuiy somuwiiut ium. hi iwi .u 1888 it was doubtless over three and four million bushels, and within the next two or threo years, with tho reservation oiicned, tho yield lll doubtlesa-reach six or elitht million bushels. Tho avcrago yield of wheat varies from ton to fifty bushela an acre. On extremely Unlit IIOUS, giving j-aiHiunKw """"" ino Boveicnv wi u. u... -y v . . 1.bib,m.,Iv when first cultivated. year to a considorablo number of cattle, occurs between Deceml-er L'Oth and Janu- tancl, . wiMy en ,ler0u;;11c0, As before stated, thla inferior rtlon of I ,iry "Ot!.. though there havo liecn oxcei- thero fM small ho country is not a woll-defined strip, i tional Eeasona, in which the extreino of "i'Y"r0'u The of equal breadth In all parts, but oxtonda Ud camo in February. Dil lereiit alti- ' " f nlng land how- back from tho Columbia farther nt somo 1 tudes in tho country vary grout y In tern- Kreat m rllon 10 iwu xnu ink . nnlnta than at others, tho sand gradually .terature. At HJine twinta In tho nioiin- cr, wit lyowr lu iwu, m .... ,...rr- - i u y in'iMtuivi w ..... .... rt 1 ' ....til ' ! !l il I.nl'.. AArihifl I till UlClWK' ix-coiuniB "- " '"'r ..Lrv: : , - v"v-"v't,:; i;,.;::i, i; aero, w i ocasca oi I. mnnrwi into tliu Hunt. loose son u.iaiucu ns low as ionv or iuii)-u u"" s... ' . ....--..- .-, .ii:. i . . ,.. 'I I...M. ' niiv. or uiirn mum. n --- " r- oi cereaia, cstHxiai.y o. mow- zero ;or u awm ... . . . cu tivnto their land only nlghta,iniiieBciue.iionio. i "- other veu, ua wi,eat should bo JF .. m . . .. I, and me grouim cmnim d after harvcift for plunt- tho name year. iy no wcana ino gniy available crop. Largo qualltlea oi ex- .ajj. ollentnai : corn and c the mountaiiw tho country la considerably . I'ractlcally, winter generally jasta no '""'" Hth u.ry ,ma, t.rort i nearly ield of forty-flvo, r.r ..inn mnrn. nrn HV no IllL'UUH rum, to cuiuvaiioH u wheat. Within these mountain nnd desert: fnnllillM to tho belt grain-producing jwrtio I .iini.iHnJ ulicpi i imuivi ----- - . , from the forez.ing outline, not all rwr-j the unusua dryness of the atmosnnero r !wJ tiona of what can be termed agricultural i cold la not felt hero as inuauipcr . -i 0,i,or croBj. AH sorUof vege- laud aro equally fertile or valuable. eartic8. l tablca of largo she and tho beat quail y broken and rough ; and ho land aojace u longer tnan nvo or us wu all turta of this county, ix. o irtiona to tho sandy region s lightei, more aub- ,10t over three ; or jour. Our J e bnury la J J(j wej, to (ruI, nn , ln ay ,m t, - part the bar. er varieties no wen. )ls.whlloMatchw ikether,! ,,roluct in importance la i ..A..r....i..Aa .nun n. . ..-mil., h.in r i.ii. iiii'n'iiiv .li.n.i in - . IMUUUiii .ua, .mv., "nn. umiiiu .'...-h . , lunu.n In tlin fjl from tho rugged i tw'cnty-llvo or thirty degrees, i navo-" . .. II.. .1. . . . ,, t I. .....a... ...... .111. VllCd. II II I w oi aauu nea iuosiii i seen H oven iieiun - . ..,,,,,1,,.. nn .. .. I..il ... 11... f.i. ..uvu In i.iu-ll -:wc ",!. ,u"a"7. , ? " 1a ."7... ,7 in ' Hut wheat la I I... .u. i n ii.ntiiKHi i uiiiinr hi nu 11 zi.ru iliuiii u.i.. vi . . to tlio ganuy region is iisuiui, i"u du" I no "' ' iect to drouth, and leaa productive than not infrwiuently i farther back. . . , York or Illinois, U-aving these portions tliat 1 nave May. 'ino mm w ' "'."t". woel, the annual yield of whlcliia aoout deacriDing out oi view, i-mauu jumiuero uo y :, ;,;. n m il on and a nail nounua. . Pecn UeavriUlilK uu. ui .ic, .- .uMtwinH . . .i WV1 i ...,.-..llo nJ nn i,m n:ii .nr. e.iiittl to that In tl COUIliy Biai 1 untiiura tviitiiv " ruiiw , --, ' ... ... ,nra 1110 ttverape lien, w nw llOU an ill uur iviiiuii in u .wun.i. t , V. , ' - '..., etevatid, rblUng plain or plateau. Such Siafeb-mentiond, but acarcely evermore ' i.ringa, net, from HtolS; ,ny young man who la able and willing d ugfultural land and 40 a-reM ..f m would be IU aptKjarance from a distant than a few .lays at a time ; and oen " I wtal Jncom0 from thin aouaOcaa jfnii -.yck at better wage than ho can (lr land Jit must buy it for un actual bird's-eye view. On closer acquaintance. , then, nighta are always cooler In torn-'" u u rt.n ......ruiro vfali! nf wool ia from 8 to where a comiiiiiiv Is now at work ilm-olim. nig a coin imtie, wmcn promises to 1st ot great vuliio. It is entlrelyowned hv Hon- dlcton parties, who have u iiumtier of uion at work, und somo of tho coal has been used in this town, und found to bo of excellent quid Ily. Tho dairying lutoicsls is small as jut, but few localities oiler excellent induce ments for this business. C'ainim piecluet, ia succession of mountain valleys, is especially adapted to dairying, and con siderable quantities of butter and cheeso aro munufiictuied them from tho l'ttudlo tun market, and a uumbernf lino ranches along tho Umatilla, Hlrch creek, Wild Horse, and other streams, aro will suited to tho piirposo of dairying. Tuxes havo been high no far, owing to iiiiHirfcct statu assessment law, but thivo will doubtless soon bo tumedied to somo extent. Tho county debt is fast disap pearing, und notwithstanding tho build ing of u now court-house, may lk entirely cancelled in two or threo years. Tho county is well supplied with churches and schools; and under beneli- cent laws and good ollicials, educational mutters am in n llouriHiiinu condition. Tliu State has a considerable Irreducible school-land fund, mid imposes a general school-tax of live mills. 1h-h1.Ii the com mon K'hools, which now munlier about eighty In tho county, II u of them being graded schools, there is a Normal school ut Weston, and an ucideiny and Catholic girls' school lu iViiillflon, und sov.tral private tchools. (lOVKIlNMUNT LINK, W.MIIIS, irU'. Tho llrstqucstlona luoM Intending Immi grants ask am: Is them yet plenty of good government laud? If so, of what quality Is il, and how far from maikt'l and schools? Aro wood and w ater plenty and easily acces-lblu? And many usk quoAllous still mom in detail, us to soil, crops, wages, means of ingress and many other particulars. Attempting to answer all such questions I w ill suv : 'i hero Is yet no en-ut amount of "government land," feit'lu and near to a shipping xilnt, to bo taken. Most of this pracllinlly has already been so cured. In localities soimiwhut remold, however, from towns und railroad s'utions them is coiifideniblu laud to Isrtukeu un der government laws. In ud.lltton to this them Is In tho county a laruu amount of "railroad land," tho status of which la not settled. It Is a (Kirllon of a pant mado to tho Northern I'acille rullroad company In 1801, and is tirolltablu, but has not yet lieoii declared forfeited by act of Congress. In nil probability, many thousand of ucrea of this class of land will revert to the government within tho next .your or two, und will liureaiier bo oH)n for settlements as "government land." Hut those who have a little means can always llnd advantageous opjiortunltlea to purchase lamia already patented and somewhut improved. In a new ami growing country like this, muny men aro continually shifting, moving, changing, however well oil" they may Is.; mid L-lvliiL' opportunities l.i Immlurunts with small means to secure- places whereon they can mako a living for themselves from the start. This u largo county, und ua let but aparcely tcttlod. Thousands will Isi here . . .. . . ... .....ititn i . in a low years in some im-unucn nimm but hundrds uro to-day; and tho ones who come first am those who will have tho best opportunities. Thero la 01111 luiin, However, wnrvii win lx) very valuable licforo many years, to bo taken under tho various acta of Con grcsa relating to tho public lauds. To se cure u homestead, 11 orou must llvo ujkjii and cultivuto the land five ycara, proving which ho gets a patent without coat, except some small feca, Titlo to u "pre-emption claim" can Isj acquired uny time alter six moiiius, ana wuniii unriy obtain In Fustei 11 States. Any man of iiuniiy, witu u few hundred dollars, can mail- him tho two. moro by. theso w po- .'on- lira any 1. IllU'lly, I lie hum LTiint .-.in rimm iivnr 11..1 ..f tho threo routes. One Is tho Union and Central I'ucllle, and by steamer or over, land from San Francisco to Tertian.! thonroup tho Columbia by rail. This, for somo years the only routo, is now pniellcull.i obsolete, except for i-orsona who wish to visit California and rortland. Another Is via tho Northern I'ucillc diieel from St. Paul to I'matllla, 011 tho Columbia, thenco I'eu dlelon, or uny tut rlor point. Tho third Is over (ho U. 1'. and "Short Lino" from (Ir.inger, Wyoming, to Huntington, In southeastern Oregon, llienco over tho 0. It. & N. 11 continuous lino to Pendle ton. Ono word may, perhaps, be well spoken hem: Don't Judge the whol country by what you see along any of these routes. You will see hut little io encourage or attract, lieeuuso, us 11 rufo, the railroads pass thiougli tlio worst or tlon of the country ; but Is-foro you con demn nil. slop oil' at IVmll.1t.111.' mill If ink around a few days or 11 few weeks. Ivx amino our-stock and our flocks; our lieof and butter; our wheat and wool; our climate ami harvests; nml If you say our country Is good for nothing, tho "Kast Olii:io.Ni.s- will nay vour wuv hai'lt in Missouri or elsewhere. riuci: ok tiiinhh. I know this Is what a ureat many usk iiImiuI. Well, wheat our 11111I11 product brings fiom 'X to (O inula 11 bushel. net. I he avemixo Is probably AO cents. perhaps ''.'. This seems low. It is trim- but with this thought two others must bo weighed. Wo can raise twice or thrice what von can on otdinarv farms in llm States oast of tho ltocky .Mountains; also, theco prices am those of the "hur.l times" und disadvantageous circum stances which have attended us. Wo will soon havo iiddlllomd transportation laciiiucs, ami cueiiper ireigiit lutes, so that our produce will bring prices that w III eomp.im favorably with thoso of any Western Halo. Wool, as I said, brlnus from I t to IS cenjs, und with fairly good "luck." sheep pa) uu Imiuuusu prolllto those who In Mist in them. Hotter r-olls for 'i cenli any tlmo of the year, ami not Infre quently for II) or 10 cents, (irocurles, clotlihig, ami nil "atom goods" uiu hlluhlly higher than in the l.aM.ini or AIIssIskIiiiiI Valley Slates. .Mmits, ouco so plentiful us to e very cheap, uro now iilKiut the riiiio 11H lu oilier Wcstnrii Blales. Altogether, 11 family can live hm 11 about as cheaply .as in Illinois or Connecticut, und uro liable to have just us much fun us them. Till'. t'MATII.I.A imsKiiv.vrio.s. One miiiii objict of writing this article wus to answer inquiries and give Information lu iegar.1 to the "I'matllla Indian KiMorvutton," ton- cetning whii so' many i-conle aro imitilriiig. iluudrods, probably thouiaiuils, of people who have heard of this Ishtutiful und fortllo tract, nml thut It was to Is- "oHjued to settlement," have, turned their iuuuhiiig guu, if not their w.-Htwurd-poiuted slops, toward this ro glou, ijinl deslru to know just what aro tho facts In regard to It. Herein and herewith tho fails am given, without money or price. Tho Umatilla reservation ia a tract of land cousihtim! of H.OOO acres. Ivinir in tho southerii-cenlral jKirtlon of Umutlllu county, tixteudiug upproxlmutely In tho form of u parallelognim from the llluu Mouiimliia' Ismndury in tho south, north ward und wotitwuril Into tho heart of tin county. It waa set oil' muny years ago to ccrtuiu triU-ri of Indians us their home und 'Tomvo," and they havo slnco oc cupied it. )'or muny years uttempta huve been made to induce theso Indians to tuko land "In overulty," and give up the rest of the laud, not so taken, to thu white people to live iixm. Finally u law wus passed, and signed by I'r.sldont Ar thur, on March H, 1885, which pruvidd that if tho Indians should givu their as sent, thev should take land III Mivcralty! each udult or head of u family, HA ucre of agricultural laud and -10 ucrcs of tim ber land; cjicli rson over 18 yeura not lucliidud lu tho uhovu, HO acres; each child under 18 ycara, -10 acres ; the whulu not to exceed lt.'0,000iicrea. Considerable trouble and delay waa ex perienced lu obtuimug tho consent of the Indiana to thla liberal proKsitlon, but dually thoy ull signed the agreement, and tho law went Into elfct lat full. Then a "censua" of the Indians lud to threo months, by proof of residence und bo taken, by which It wom uaceita nc.l ..niiii..iilnn. Am! llm laivtnent nf tl.'JH an i that thero wero nearly a thousand 0: ucro, or f s.00 an ucre 11 wuniii "r.iiiroan limits." Hut few "thnlwr cultures" lire yet to bo had, except by purchase ; but muny of theno claims, which can bo had now for a few huudrd dollars, will be worth as many thousand In a tew years. No muu unless it bo u vlriglo young man with k trout! arms and uMotit heart ehould como into thla country a stranger without some mean; but once here, with a little means, uny one can live easily und cheaply, nud find us many opportunities auuuiiy ana sureiy tx-tter ins conui them claiming luiid, so that tly will so euro Probably the whole lt.'0,GOO ucrca of agricultural land, leaving (crimps -lO.OfW or oO.OOO ucres of lino uricultiiral land, udjacent to rendlotou, Adams und Cen tervillu, to bo sold, the rest Ix-iug moun luinoiu land, but valuablo for timlier und lusture. Under tho provisions of tho law the laud will lo Hold to the highest bidder. Homo of It will cell from t'J0 to ffto uu acre: and some prolNtoiy worn m 10 j-o, n....!!,.. ... I. .. .lil. tlful ..iiiilHv. lion as In unv melon in tho country. v Anvi.no lorbon can my miy iou iurc to gnu