Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About The Coos Bay times. (Marshfield, Or.) 1906-1957 | View Entire Issue (April 3, 1915)
HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION r D United States Department of Agriculture Special Page Bulletins and Special Articles Issued by the Government, of Interest to the Northwest; O Suggestions Covering n Wide Range of Activities; Result of Federal Investigations, Etc. Double-Entry Books for Co-operative Societies DOUBLE entry bookkeeping Is urged upon nil fanners co-opor-ntivo societies lu n recent publication of tho United Statcc Department of Agriculture, Bulletin No. 178, "Co-op-erativo Organization Business Meth ods." Tlio very llfo of a co-opcra-tlvo organization, says tho bulletin, depends upon tbo confldcuco Its mem bers possess In It, and such contldenco Is lmpossiblo unless tbo records arc unmistakably accurate. Tho doublo entry system Is tho only ono which af fords a comploto check and should, therefore, bo adopted In all cases. Slnco tho co-opcratlvo organiza tion acts as tho agent of tho grower in marketing his product, tho books of tho organization must not only contain tho usual records of any business enterprise, but must also show a clear record of each grower's shipments. Tho system must bo sur flclently clastic to take caro of tho maximum volumo of business at tho busy seasons and at tho eatno tlmo bo economical. , Tho six essential requirement for Buch a system nro stated In tho bul letin as follows: , (a) A complete set of flnnnclal records showing tho business trans actions and tho results thereof, i (b) A record of each member's transactions with tho organization. (c) Capability of taking caro of a maximum amount of business during tho shipping season. (d) Capability of returning to tho members tho proceeds from their products within a rcnsonablo tlmo. (o) Clear pooling records when kept, so that any discrimination can bo shown quickly. (f) Auxiliary records which will glvo statistics and valuable informa tion for the conduct of tho business. Thcso records must bo accurate, i Tho necessity for providing a reg ular system for safeguarding tho cash Is also cmphnslzcd in this bul letin, and nlno precautions nro given which it Is said should bo adhered to strictly. (1) All entries of cash should bo explicit, and items supporting such onirics Rbould bo filed so that they aro acccsslblo for reference and veri fication. f2 No entries should bo recorded In tho cashbook which do not rolato to cash. - (3) Tho full receipts of each day should bo doposlted In tho bank. (4) All canceled checks Bhould bo filed In numerical order. () Dupllcato checks Bhould al ways bo covorcd by indomnlty bonds (C) Reconciliation should bo mndo each month between cash or check register and bank pass-book balances. (7) Permanent record of thcso re conciliations should bo made. (8) ChcckB, salc3 slips, receipts, etc., should bo numborcd with a num bering machine Any which nro spoiled should bo marked void and left in tho book. (0) A regular systom should bo used for tho acknowledgment of nil cash sales or miscellaneous cash Horns jccolvcd. Tho auditing' of accounts also should rocclvo moro attention than is 'frequently tho caso. At least onco n year nn expert accountant should go over tho books of tho organization. iTo minlmlzo tho cost of this, small associations or clrclos can bo formed by tho organizations within n cortnlu 'radius nnd a competent auditor can 'bo engaged to do tho auditing for all. i UiineroHsiwy. A hungry customer seated hlmsolf nt n table in a quick-lunch restaurant and ordered n chlckon plo. When It ; arrived ho raised tho lid nnd sat gaz ing at tho contents intently for a I while. Then ho called tho waiter. I "Look here, Sam," ho said, "what idld I order?" "Chicken plo, sub." "And what havo you brought mo?" "Chicken plo, snh." "Chlckon plo. you black rascal!" tho customer ropllcd. "Chicken plo? Why, thcro's not a plcco of chicken in It, nnd never was." "Dat's right, boss dey ain't no chicken in it." "Then why do thoy call it chlckon plo7 I never henrd of such n thing." "Dat's all right, boss. Doy don't havo to bo no chicken in a chicken pic. Doy ain't no dog in a dog blecult, Is dey?" I Potatoes Make a Good Substitute for Bread P wheat romnlns at Its present high flguro or continues to rlso In price nnd if thero Is a corresponding in crease in tuo prico oi urcau, scieu- tisls in tho United States Department of Agrlculturo suggest that tho ordi nary household will find it ndvantngo ous to eat moro potatoes nnd less bread. With potatoes at CO cents a bushel, 10 cents worth or 10 pounds will glvo tho consumer a llttlo moro actual nourishment than two ono-pouna loaves of bread at 6 cents each. Tho protein and fnt arc present In appre ciably larger amounts In tho bread, but tho potatoes will bo found to fur nish moro enrbohydrntes, and moro heat units. Carbohydrates (starch) contribute greatly to tho energy vnluo of any diet and slnco potatoes arc rich in thcso, families that wish to expend their money to tho best advantngo aro rcconimcndod to consider whoth or they cannot mako n moro extended uso of them. Thoy aro easy to cook and when prepared in different ways can bo made to lend variety to tho Winter diet when green vegetables aro hard to obtain. Llko other foods relatively rich In carbohydrates, howovor, potatoos should bo eaten with foods corre spondingly rich In protein, such ns milk, meat, eggs, etc., and wltn foods llko butter, cream nnd meat fat to supply tho fat that tho body needs. Under normal conditions in Europo and America tho potato ranks uoxt to bread ns a carbohydrato food. It prices chango sufficiently to mako It dcslrablo from n financial point of vlow thero Is no scientific reason why potatoes should not bo substituted to a great extent for bread. In addition tho potato llko many fruits and vegetables, helps to neu tralize nn acid condition lu tho body. This Is another reason for its bolng eaten In combination with meat, fish nnd other animal foods. Many Varieties From Native American Plum TUB wild North American plum hns given rlso to moro cultivated va rieties thnn any other of tho nntlvo fruits oxcept tho grape. Thcso varie ties havo mainly originated lu tho Mississippi Valley, Iowa alono hnvlng furnished 175, Minnesota 74, and South Dakota 44. In Toxas 97 va rieties havo originated. In thcso Western nnd Southern re gions whero several of tho Bpccles ap pear to havo reached their greatest perfection In tho wild condition tho greatest development in tho futuro, under cultivation, mny probably also bo expected to tnko place, according to a now bulletin of tho United States Department of Agrlculturo (No. 172) ontltlcd "Tho Varieties of Plums De rived from Nntlvo American Species." Tho now publication is n profes sional paper which should bo of especial lntorest to tho growers of fruit, particularly thoso engaged lu plum breeding. It gives a llBt of nn tlvo vnriotlcs and hybrids Bhowlng tho origin of each vnrloty nnd tho species to which it belongs, which should bo of coiiBldorablo value to tho nursery man and orchardlst. With fow fruits has thero been nn equal opportunity to report step by stop tho advahco which has been mndo slnco tho original of tho first named variety was planted and culti vated In n garden. Tho now bulletin, thoroforo, places on record a distinct nchlovoment of Amerlcnn horticultur ists who havo developed a fruit tho valuo of which was long overlooked. Foxy l'n. "Ho Is very popular with his wlfo of late." "And him such a flirt. How docs ho do It?" "Sho called him up tho other day and said: 'Hello, darling,' and ho recognized her volco and replied: 'You havo evi dently mndo a mistake; I nm not your darling. I havo tho denrest, swcot cst, most beautiful wife in tho world, and sho is tho only woman I permit to call mo darling!' " March Estimate of Grain Crops THE crop reporting board of tho bureau of crop estimate, from reports of correspondents and agents, estimates that tho amount of wheat on farms March 1, 1915, was about 1D2.003.000 bushels or 17.2 per cont of tho 1914 crop, against 151,809,000 bushels or 19.9 per cent of tho 1913 crop on farms March 1, 1914, and tho 156,483,000 bushols or 2i.i per cent or tno luis crop on farms Mnrch 1, 1913. About G0.7 per cent of tho crop wlll'bo shipped out of tho counties whoro grown, against 53.9 por cent of tho 1913 crop and Gl.C per cont of tho 1912 crop so shipped. Tho amount of corn on fnrniB Mnrch 1, 1915, was about 910,894, 000 bushels or 34,1 per cent of tho 1914 crop, against 866,392,000 bush els, or 35.4 por cent of tho 1913 crop on farms March 1, 1914, and 1, 289,655,000 bushols or 41.3 per cent of tho 1912 crop on farms March 1, 1913. About 18. C per cent of tho crop will bo shipped out of tho coun ties whero grown, against 17.2 per cent of tho 1913 crop and 21.8 per cent of tho 1912 crop so Bhlppcd. Tho proportion of tho 1914 crop which is merchantable is about 84. D per cent, against 80.1 per cent of tho 1913 crop and 85.0 per cent of tho 1912 crop. Tho amount of oats on farms March 1, 1015, was about 379,3G9, 000 bushols or 33.2 per cent of tho 1914 crop, ngnlnst 419,476,000 bush ols or 37.4 per cent of tho 1913 crop on farms March 1, 1914, and 604, 210,000 bushols or 42.6 per cent of tho 1912 crop on farms March 1, 1913. About 29.4 per cent of tho crop will bo shipped out of tho coun ties whero grown, against 26:5 por cont of tho 1913 crop and 30.0 per cent of tho 1912 crop so shipped. Tho nmount of barley on farmB March 1, 1915, was about 42,889,000 bushels or 22.0 por cont of tho 1914 crop, against 44,126,000 buslicls or 24.8 per cent of tho 1913 crop on farms March 1, 1914, and 62,283,000 bushols or 27.8 per cont of tho 1912 crop on fnrms Mnrch 1, 1913. About 45.1 per cent will bo shipped out of tho counties whero grown, against 48.4 per cent of tho 1913 crop nnd 53.7 por cent of tho 1912 crop so shipped. STOCKS OF WHEAT AND CORN ON FARMS, AND PRICES, MARCH 1, KY IMPORTANT STATES. STATU. 1915.11914 I'uiiiuyl vanla Ohio Indiana, ......,.,...,.,,. Illinois Michigan. ...... Wisconsin. . .....,,..... .Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota. , , Houth Dakota,..,,, Nebraska Kansas... ,,,,,,,, Kentucky TenucBsco Toias , Oklahoma Montana. , Colorado , , iJiiili..., ., ,. lilnlto WnkUlneton . if cijoii ...... ... .... United Etatos WHEAT. Millions of Iluahuls. 5.5 8.0 r,.5 5.C 4.0 0.9 10.3 3.0 G.U 16.5 C.S 10.9 30.1 1.3 1.8 1.5 4.8 3.5 2.0 1.7 2.4 fi.O 1.S 162.9 C.C 9.8 8.0 7.1 3.3 1.3 19.7 4.3 6.7 15.0 u 13.7 10.1 ,1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 4.S 2.3 l.S o.i 1.7 Flvo Yr. Av. Prior, Cents. 161. S 6.9 8.1 6.6 0.2 3.9 1.1 17.6 2.6 6.6 20.0 10.0 12.4 12.6 1.1 1.5 1.0 :.l 3.4 2.2 1.(1 2.11 U 2.1 1915. 1142 141 142 134 139 132 126 137 137 134 12S 131 133 142 143 139 130 120 120 121 lis 12S 1S0.C 133.6 1914. 94 92 91 87 92 83 83 79 87 80 78 74 79 97 103 90 SO 65 75 UT 77 SO 83.1 COR.V. Millions of Ilushcls. 1915 21.8 45.7 6S.fi 99.0 19.5 18,9 20.4 140.2 38.0 2.7 23.4 71.3 29.2 34.7 33.0 28.7 10.0 0.2 4.0 O.I u.i 0.2 0.1 910.9 1914 21.7 54.1 65.3 101. t! 18.0 24.7 33.6 125.2 28.4 2.2 20.9 27.4 1.4 26.4 28.9 49.0 9.4 0.3 2.0 0.2 O.I Flvo Year Av. 20.4 60.6 74.3 160.0 18.4 18.7 27.2 147.3 71.3 1.4 19.2 64.3 44.6 35.3 33.8 35.4 19.2 0.1 1.8 O.I O.I 1,036.6 Prlco, Cents. 1916 83 73 70 68 73 71 62 65 76 67 62 04 74 77 81 96 83 68 M OS 100 75.1 1914. 71 63 61 60 66 59 60 56 72 67 64 60 71 79 82 87 75 68 74 7a 71 77 69.1 Soil Consideration for Grower of Anni Agriculture No, un1 ol though dealing primarily 5 Cb' tlons lnConnectlcut nnd i t0,, setts, contains nn cu Info, valuo to orclmrdlsta a 7 country. over tie Tho presence of unhmir.. largo ledges, or hardpau wife Ifr foot of tho surface, tho buliet?nlhrc sldcrs prohibitive, and a ii 'V01, of nt least six feet Is almU " .dopti sty. An oven greater dCnih F"5" lul luJ popular hoi cf that th ,1. w. .. i.uiiuim- uoncr that thA . onco of Btoneo Is useful tw Pres benefit Is to loosen to oK.wl tho excessive compac ScsTS tum stiff soils which, bowovcr L, the .best fitted for frXgrow gneTet Truo hurdpnn, tho bulletin L . out. is not a clay loam " under certain clrcums?anceg SoS? uto a dcslrablo subsoil, but 3 ,,,' turo of Baud, gravel, toll an g: with moro or less ccmontlnir rniiW which binds tho mow tolottS that tho movement of uolstnr. both directions Is seriously0 fte f Whero hardpan Is found close toft. surfaco it can sometimes bo broken up by tho uso of dynamite. Thb howovor, Is nn expensive process S with tho prevailing prices for good or chard lands, It will bo better to ' fruitgrower to select soil which don not requlro It. n Tho cultural methods employed h an orchard should always bo tlexlbl. and adapted to tho individual toll characteristics. It Is hotter to adso! tho varlotloa to bo grown to the ion rather than to attempt to cbaneo ths naturo of tho latter. For any ltlnd of orchard planting tho soil should bo deep, well drained nnd friable, yet not so porous as to be droughty. Tho exact soil best suited to each variety of apple will depend Inrgoly, however, on such climatic factors as tho range of temperature tho rainfall, tho surfaco drainage, ex posure, etc. If thcso climatic fac tors aro unfavorable for any glten variety tho character of tho soil will not mnko It possible to grow thU fruit successfully unless It BCrtts to offsot tho unfavorable conditions. For example, apples ripen a little later on a northerly slopo than on a southern ono. Thoy also ripen earlier on u nandy loam than on header Bolls. Thus a light soil on the north sldo of a hill may proJuco earlier fruit than n heavier one on tho touts sldo. Pack "Spuds" for South America With Duo Care NEW markets in South America opened by tho war to potato growers In this country aro Icing en dangered by lack of caro In packing and shipping, according to reports re ceived by tho United States Depart ment of Agriculture. lieforo the f South America was supplied with Its potatoes, In great mensuro at least, from Europo, and thcso orders ban now boon dlvortcd to this country. Federal inspectors stationed Is Now York who havo Inspected pota toes offered for shipment to sco tail they complied with tho requirement! of tho .importing countries, report, howovor, that becauso of tho long voyago and tho high temperatures en countered In tho tropics, certain ship ments from Now York to Draill and Uruguay hnvo arrived in bad condi tion. Somo of these potatoes were found to havo been attacked by fongl causing n soft rot, and others whlca appeared perfectly sound externally woro black lu tho center. To obvlato this difficulty, shipper! nro urged to tako a fow simple pre cautions. In sorting and packing po tatoes for export through the tropics tho following points Bhould bo care fully obsorved: , . 1. All badly bruised or cut pota toes should bo thrown out. 2. Frosted potatoes should be ex cluded. ... ..M 3. No potatoes that have small spots of dry rot or thai . " tho sunken discolored spots caued by lato blight should bo included, A. Darrols should bo well i yqu atcd by cutting a liberal number or holes In their sides. ... n, D. Shippers should Insist tbUM potatoes bo stowed In a cool, w venllatod part of tho vessel. m M i !?I - -r r V m