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About The Coos Bay times. (Marshfield, Or.) 1906-1957 | View Entire Issue (March 20, 1915)
Ilf IIOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION The Agricultural College Is a Friend to the Farmer Bulletins and News Notes From the Staff at Pullman. ' -- . . ' or f S&ii II5W Oil- WAS1IIM5TOX A'lllICUIVrL'HA', COLMWD.Vr PLLMIAV, HASH. ITS SOI.ll AIM IS TO All) AflltlCUI.TUIUSTM. Recommendations for Making Seed Corn Bed AI.AUOK number of fanners In EaBtcrn Washington arc plant ing a few trial patches of corn. Many of thoso will fall In their Summer's trial, largely hccaiiBo tho seed bed lian not been properly prepared. Pro fessor Gcorgo Soverance, agricultur ist of tho State Experiment Station at Pullman, gives the following recom mendations In regard to the prepara tion of tho seed bed. It must bo remembered that tho growth of the young plants will de pend largely upon tho supply of food they secure, and that this food is se cured through tho root system of tho plant. It Is necessary, then, that tho corn plants ninko a rapid and com plete) development of this feeding system. Tho root system Is extremely deli cate, and contains mtch an Immense number of small lootlcts and root hairs, when properly developed, that no space, even as small ns a pea, can bo found In tho upper part of the soil that docs not contain sonic of these root hairs. For such development it Is necessary that tho roots do not como in contact with hard clods. The cntiro furrow under the mulch should bo thoroughly pulverized. Wliero tho land has not been plowed until tlmo to plant corn, nor tho surface disked to hold tho mois ture, tho furrow breaks over In chunks. If tho uurfaco Is then worked only with n smoothing har row, tho bottom of tho furrow whero this root system must develop Is in no condition for propor root develop ment. Sol) In this condition at tho tlmo of plowing should bo disked beforo plowing, and bo worked with somo form of compacting nnd clod mashing tool after bolnjg plowed and disked, In order to work tho soil deeply enough. Every root hair should como In contact with soil grains, henco tho furrow should bo well worked down, leaving no largo holes, as Is usually tho caso with lato plowed land, par ticularly If considerable straw, stub bio, or other trash has been plowed under. This Is also necessary in order to insuro u good supply of moisture. Tho prcsenco of largo air spaces por mits tho rapid drying out of tho soil, and breaks tho capillary connection with tho soil molsturo beneath, so that tho young plants In tho seed bed nro' deprived of tho molsturo thoy miiRt have. Many farmers reason that becauso tho corn Is a cultivated crop thoy may savo tlmo by planting tho corn and fitting tho grouud later. This Is en tirely wrong. Tho first growth of tho plant Is from tho limited amount of food sup ply stored In tho seed. This will keep tho plant hut a fow days. It must then draw Its food from tho sol). It tho young, dellcalo plants nro to malto n vigorous growth from tho start, tho roots should find tho soil In proper condition at tho outset to eunbln them to dovolop quickly and extensively, so that thcro will bo no check In weaning from tho mother seed. Furthermore, tho futuro cultivation does not fit tho soil directly about tho hill, whero tho plant In its tender est Btngo Is obliged to draw Its food. If tho ground Is to bo properly pro. pared for corn, It should liavo been plowed last Kail bo that the moisture may havo been completely absorbed, nnd tho furrow settled by tho Win ter rains. This has tho further ml vautngo of lotting tho weeds start in tho early Spring, so that they can bo largely cleaned out boforo tho corn is planted. It nlso encourages tho dovolopment of valuablo food. If tho laud Is not Full plowed, the next best thing Is early Spring plow ing. Hut whether plowed In tho Fall, early Spring, or lato Spring, tho fact must not bo ovorlooked that tho seed bed must bo thoroughly propared be foro planting If completo success Is oxpected. Care of Chicks in the Brooders An a Mihwqllent article ( that of I'nifrk'or Monelmrn on Inriilmllun, pulilMinl lat week, (lie following rmitrlhiitlon by Helen Don WbltnLcr, head of tlio Hultr ilenArtment of I he Al Htlilngton Mote Col If Hi-, tlionlri lie rend tilth Interest. rfV.'VV 1FE nt 0110 tlmo offered $1,000,- 000 to tho man who could cap- turo tho "ultimate" nnd deliver it to tho editors of that publication Intact. Tho ultimate In brooders would well be worth $1,000,000 to tho poultry industry of tho United Stntes. We have wrung tho changes from lamplcss, tireless, oil heated, gasoline heated, Bteam heated, room heated back to tho old red hen. The problem of brooding chicks differs with environment and numbers. There will never bo any ono brood ing system that will suit all condi tions, and doubtless wo shall como to understand in tlmo that the op crntor Is the vital part of any brood lag equipment. I should llko to put tho eggs into my Incubator at such an hour as to Insuro a cleancd-up batch in the early morning. I would then remoro tho egg trays, leaving tho chicks in tho Incubator nursery tho first night. After removing tho traya I would not bring tho tempcraturo back to moro than 100 degrees and by tho following day when tho chicks nro to bo taken out of tho incubator, I should havo gradually lowered tho tempcraturo to 05 degrees. It re quires a great deal of tlmo and at tention to keep tho incubator ther mometers steadily and slowly regis tering lower and lower, nnd this Is Just whero the secret of proper tem pcraturo for tho chick lies. Ilrootlcr Temperature. Meanwhile, tho brooders should bo heated through nnd through evenly nnd their thermometers registering 90 degrees. Tnko the chicks as care fully and quickly as posslblo from tho Incubator at 95 degrees to the brooder at 90 degrees. In 15 min utes tho heat of tho chicks will havo ralBed tho brooder thermometer to 95 degrees and tho moro venture- somo chicks will bo out for a drink. I think wo should bear In mind that in como brooders tho ther mometers nro misleading, because they nro seldom so placed as accur ately to record tho nctual tempcra turo of tho spaco occupied by the chicks. I havo learned beforo putting chicks Into a brooder, to run It empty 24 hours, not only to thoroughly dry It out nnd heat it up evenly through nnd through, but also that I may use at least two, preferably four ther mometers beforo any chicks nro put Into tho brooder, to get a lino on temperatures in various places, both under tho hover and out, and to learn how the reading of a thermometer on tho floor under tho hover corresponds with tho ono suspended over the chicks' bends, which Is tho ono reg ulurly used. Tho floor temperature should bo considerably lower than tho tempcraturo In the hottest place under tho hover. Less Hent Needed nt Xlght. I havo learned that tho chicks un der tho hover, as they are at night, require, less heat than when they aro in and out from the cooling room of wvweWWVNVyij A pace of IntemtlBt Ittnu from Hi Oreco Agricultural Collect at ConallU villi alternate In the farm weekly with a page f nen nolo from the Watbloctoa State Collet at l'ullrutn, Thlf villi afford an In. terrhance t Tlcvra from tbe too Mar agricultural collect of (l, ,rtu. wet that tliould prove of WncfU to the reader, for tbe lattltutloi ileal with tlinllar problem. vvvvvvwvvwwwaww tho brooder, as they nro by day. It n llttlo chick runs under tho hover and finds a cozy, warm spot, ho will snuggle up for a nap; If it Is cold, ho does not Btay, reasoning Hint n half dozen others will drop in to help him heat up tho place; instead, ho runs out crying that it Is a cold, cold world, and misses tho much needed nap. Tho first threo days of tho chick's Hfo his greatest need Is for even, comfortablo tempcraturo and plenty of sleep. Tho statement that no brooder thermometer Is needed ns ono can readily tell whether tho chicks nro comfortablo by looking at them, Is helpful, I think, whero it Is not needed that Is to tho experienced chicken raiser. Tho Inexperienced may bo easily misled. Tho first bunch of brooder babies I over raised looked comfortablo to mo at night when they wcro laying all Bprcad out flat with their llttlo heads stretched out from under tho hover. For several nights I tip-toed away content nt tho sight of their perfect comfort; then somo happy chance, I forget what, caused mo ono night to put my hand under tho hover Just over their backs. It camo back damp with tho steam of tho30 ovor-heated llttlo sufferers. "Looking Comfortable." Now when I wish to seo whether or not my chicks "look comfortablo," I ralso tho hover and look at the underneath side for dampness. I put my hand among tho chicks to de termine whether they nro being weak ened by n nlRht sweat. I look at the chicks for drooping wings in tho morning nnd lastly I look at my ther mometer. Dclng satisfied by nil theso tests, the chicks "look comfortablo" to me, It they aro piled pretty well together, n llttlo apart from tho sourco of hent. but not huddled or bunched, and sleeping soundly, not ready to waken nnd crowd at tne slightest disturbance. Thcro Is ono featuro by which to condemn any broader, and that Is lack of ventilation. Personally I am fond of most Boris of preserves, but I make nn exception In tho cnBO of pre served nlr and odors. I Insist upon n brooder which provides for a copious Intnko of fresh air, which cannot possibly contain any fumes from tho lamp, and also provides equally good outlet for tho breathed-over odorous air from under tho hover. After tho first week I bcllovo In nn every-day cleaning of tho brood ers, a cleaning so thorough that it dispenses with old air, old odors, old straw litter and every grain of left over food, nnd which leaves all drinking dishes fairly shining in brightness. Helen Dow Whltakcr. The Cloak of Dream. They bndo ma follow fleet Whero my brothers work and piny, Hut the Cloak of Dreams blow over my feet, Tangling them from tho way. They bade me watch tho skies For a alKiinl dark or llRht, Hut tho Cloak of Dream blew over my eyes. Shutting them fast from sight. I have no pain nor mirth, Wonderment nor desire, Tho Clonk of Di earns 'twUt mo and earth Waver Its drowsy fire. I dream In dusk apart. Hearing a strange bird sing, And tho Cloak of Dreams blown over my heart, minding and sheltering. Margaret Wlddemer, In tho Crafts man, 9 i UllfillCCiNsful. Drill: Clerk niil vnn nn nn.. motllS Witll thoso moth linlln T rnvn you? DUCOnsolnto Ciislnmnr K'n t tried for flvo hours, but I couldn't mi n one. T Sulphur-Soda Spray Inquiries Answered HE Agricultural Experiment sta tion at Pullman 1 nvwrt.u.i with Inquiries concerning a . form of spiny material widely ad. vertlsod to roplaco sulphur-llnie gl A. L. Molander, entomologist of th station, presents tho following stat, ment about theso preparations Sulphur-soda preparations are not now, although In their dry form they havo not been long on tho market Ton years ago tho Oregon Station passed Judgment on one of them "not at all efficient." At 11 o ?am' tlmo tho Virginia Station, u8,,e a sulphur-Bodn' at doublo strciictli l elded It to bo fairly effect.' tat expensive. ' l In 1913 this s'tntlon tried In a llm. Ited way somo dry sulphur-soda at Clarkston nnd nt l'rosser. Compared with sulphur-llmo tho i csulta were promising, but tho next year tho tests' wcro ropented at ClarkMon, Walla Walla, Sunnysldo and North Yakima In each caso tho sulphur-soda did not provo bo efficient ns tho sulphur llmo. Doth sprnys wcro used nt the rate of 30 pounds of solids to th0 100 gnllons, which is 50 per cent stronger than tho manufacturer recommend for sulphur-sodn and nearly DO per cent weaker than tho customary usago of sulphur-lime, in tho case of tho sulphur-llmo this amounted to a dilution of ono to II, which Is nearly twlco as strong ns the weakest spray that will kill scale. Unsprnyod check scales would av crago 80 per cent alive at the same time, and In each case tho heavy oil sprays produced completo control. Thoro is no ovldenco to show that sulphur In tho form of .sulphur-soda Is twlco as efficient as In the form of sulphur-llmo. However, dealers in dry sulphur-soda preparations clulni that n 100-pound drum of this material is equal to n 000-pound barrel of sulphur-llmc. Tho efficien cy of sulphide sprays Is universally bollovcd to dopced on the amount of polysulphldo sulphur present. A 50-gallon barrel of standard Bulphur-llmo contains In solution about CG pounds of lime and 135 pounds of actual sulphur, of which 100 pounds nro In tho form of poly sulphldo sulphur practically 00 pounds of solids dissolved In 320 pounds of wator. The slogan, "Why pay freight on 500 pounds nf waterl" is thoreforo misleading. A drum ol dry sulphur-Boda contnlns about 64 pounds of actual Bulphur, of which 43 pounds nlono havo Inscctlcldal valuo. Tho remaining sulphur Is combined In tho form of sodium thlosulphate, which is tho familiar substance known to photographers as "hypo," which has no killing properties, and which mnkea up practically half the weight of tho sulphur-soda compound. Dosed on polysulphldo sulphur, there fore, a drum of sulphur-soda should sell at $4.30 to comparo with a bar rol of sulphur-llmo nt $10. She Knew All Ahoiit II. Ho placed his hand near to hit heart ! n til "Tho world knows not how great a lond I bear , night here." Sho looked at him, lnn turned her bend Away. Raising her handkerchief with caro, , ... Sho answered: 'Tou'ro mlataken, I llovo; , . No ono can stand as nenr you as I co And not know all about It. N dont grieve." Ho looked surprised, then ale ae other clovo or two. -I.lpplncott. Horrible Thought. Goorgo. you'll havo to do tome thing with Willie. Today ho dropped a big worm dowu his llttlo sisters back." "Oh, ho's only n boy." "That's what you nlwnjs say. Wit you'd bettor stop him now. If u don't ho may grow up oud drop bombs on hospitals." frTMMaaivjaM