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About The Coos Bay times. (Marshfield, Or.) 1906-1957 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 2, 1915)
. jmb and farm magazine section Good Road Foundation Essential ra N Important fnctor In tho flnnnc MjL Ing of good roads by county bonda la dlsouBsod by tho au thorn ot Bulletin No. 1T.G, of tho United States Department of Ayrl culturo, entitled "Highway BondB." Iu this bulletin Uio authors point out that In expending money raised by tho Bale of highway bonds the highway conuntsslnncm aliould dis tinguish carefully between the perma nent and the perlshablo foaturoB ot tho road. Foundations, drnlnarjo structures, nllgnmcnt and gradea, nro permanent features which should bo looked upon In tho light of nn in vestment. If these features do not comply with a certain standard, It will bo poor economy to spend money, on transitory Improvements such as hard surfaces, which muBt bo renewed at consldornblo expense frin year to year. Local conditions, of course, deter mine to a great extent the proper standards Tor tho permanent features of any highway. Twenty years' ex perience In modern l-ond building lias Bbown, however, that there is u mini mum which any road built on bor rowed money Bhonld comply with. A closo study of 214 different types of road Kliown that to meet this mini mum Ktundnrd, tho following sums will probably have to bo expended for three standard kinds of highways: Standard Illliwnyn. last. The best vitrified brick Burfacea mny Inst a number of years, but even Tilth them repairs will bo required. To sum up, tbo authors of this bul letin point out that the Initial cost of a road Is never tho final one; that no surface Is permanent, and that repairs and maintenance charges of a good road are to bo regarded as perma nent Investments. When roads nro built with borrowed monoy, tho dis tinction between tho permanent nnd tho tempornry Improvement must bo carefully observed, in order that Uio county may havo something In ox change when the time comes to repay tho loan. Can Anything Be Nicer Than a Piano or Player-Piano for Your HomeSomething That Every Member of the Family Enjoys for All Time to Come. Estimate Cost of Road in 20 Years ttj-jt.. Orm-t (20 feet! Ordinary or! staler-bound niacttUuin (JSi reel ttlaa).. Bituminous mn cad am (in icci wiuei D H O ? a !! Co Pa tS & Es t2 a" r : vZ P. . ! it . i : : : 2 ; ; : r U.st; 3,100 2.70s! I $2,30P!jMie B.SIfl ll.IG a,sisaa.8 7.53all0.Bgn,8a7.18 3S.83 03.11 A Hindi' nf I lirnn flcurcn will heln E) counties to nvotd tho common error of if first fixing tho sum to bo spent nnd then demanding an exorbitant mile ago in return for It. So-called macadam roads have been built with bond money by atmply spreading broken utono In tbo mud. Tho In ovltnblo result of Mich shortsighted ness Is that long boforo tho bonds havo been paid off tho Improvements for which they wcro Issued havo ceased to exist and tho county has nothing to show for Its increased debt. In tho nmo way, It Is mani festly poor policy to build nn expen sive surfneo on dofectlvo grades with poor alignments and shortlived drain ago features. Even when much of tho money ex ponded upon a highway has gono Into tho permanent features, there Is still danger that tho cost of repairs and mnlntonanco will bo overlooked, or nt least slighted, In tho calculation of tho road-bulldors. When roads nro built with borrowed monoy It Is, of co u rue, especially Important to avoid this error. Not All Surfacing TcinjKJrury. On tho other hand, howovcr, It 13 not necessary to regard tho total cost of nurfaclng a road as a temporary Improvement. Much of tho surfacing may bo classed as a permanont Invest ment, for It is becoming moro nnd moro common to havo surfaces built in two courses, tho lowor of which .is ns much a permanont foaturo of con struction as tho grading Itsolf. This Is particularly truo of those types of road that nro built with con crcto foundations for bituminous mncadam, brick, or asphalt surfaces. It is probably conservative, indeed, to regard 40 per cent of tho surfacing cost of macadam or moro enduring pavements ns a permanent invest ment. It Is soldom nowadays that hard roads nro permitted to wear into tho foundation courso of tho surfac ing. Probably It is cafo to say that an average of about C2 per cont of tho total cost of a well-built macadam road should bo. put Into tho perma nent fenturos, and with bituminous macadam toads, about GG per cont. This method of estimating cannot bo nppllcd to any gravel or natural Boll rond In which no pnrt of tho Bur facing con advantageously bo consid ered permanent, for undor moat sys tems of maintenance It steadily de teriorates. Concrete lVrmniieiit. Iloads built with surfaces entirely of concrete, or. with brick pavements resting on n concrete foundatlou, nro gonerally regurded as pormancnt, but It is not yet definitely known bow long tho best concrote surface will WHILE, It Is frequently easy for a county to Issuo bonds and borrow monoy for Improving tho locnl highways, tho raising of tho money to rctlro thoso bonds nt ma turity Is often not so simple. Many counties, In borrowing money for bonds, figure that tho amount of money raised represents tho total cost of the rond, forgetting that tho road must bo maintained nnd ro pnired If, nt tho end of tho term of tho bonds, tho county Is to havo any thing to show for Its Investment. Tho question of financing country road building Is discussed fully in a Department of Agriculture bullottn, written by tho Offlco of Public llonds in collaboration with James W. Glover, professor of mathomatlcs nnd Insurance, University of Michi gan. In this bulletin tho authors discuss fully tho various methods of financing road building and retiring debts for road construction, and also deal frankly with tho actual total cost of a road during tho life of the bonds. On tho total cost of a road, tho authors clto tho following two oxnmplcs as nffordlng at least n basis for estimating tho total minimum cost of a mllo of road: Cost of Mllo or Rond. llltumlnoui macadam Coil ot construction (llO.r.OO) tin dor n per cent aerial bond,' with Interest for SO year fl0.0II.10 Cost ot annual repair and main tenance ( 000) tor SO years 12.000.00 Total cost for SO years $28,012.00 Brick Cost or construction (tlV.SOO) un der S per cent aerial bond, with Interest for 29 years K0.4i8.73 Cost ot annual repair and main tenance ($300) for 20 yean 0,000.00 Total cost for 20 years $33,420 73 The authors point out that tho actual cost of building nnd maintain ing n specific highway can bo deter mined only nftcr tho character nnd Tolumo of trntflc nnd actual wear nnd tear havo boon studied for n scries of yoars. Tho figures quotod nbovc, of courso, will not apply to ordinary macadam, gravel or clay rondB, but In all thoso cnttcH tho Interest on tho bonds must bo met, nnd thcro must bo expenditures to maintain them In condition. Tho poorer tho drnlnngo and tho less pormnncnt tho character ot tho road foundation, tho greater must bo tho percontago that repair costs will bear to tho first cost. Similarly, tho question ot whether tho actual nurfaclng is designed to wlthstnnd tho character ot traffic nnd weather to which It Is subjoctcd also has nn Important benrlng on what it will cost tho county to keep tho road In nuch shapo that whon tho bonds nro paid tho locality still will havo n valuablo proporty to show as a result of its borrowing and repay ment. . Millet. Millet is a quick-growing crop. Common mlllot matures In tho short est llnio and thoroforo draws mois ture from tho soli for the loast porlod ot time, Gorman millet yields tho most and Is preferred when thcro Is nn avorngo uupply of moisture Com mon millet Is ono of tho host drouth resistors. Northern seed produces much tho hardiest plants. Tho toll ago of plants from southern seed is heavier. Sow ID to 20 pouuds of seed to tho aero. Cut beforo tho seeds got hard. It Is a good plan to start cutting as soon ns tho hoads become fully dovolopcd. Continued feeding ot millet to horses some times causes Incurable lameness. It Is fairly uafo to uso for horses when cut early and only one feed n day Is given of the millet hay and eomo other forngo nt tho other feedings. Millet is chiefly valuable as a cattle teed. Iln who laughs his way through life Is apt to havo a good long laugh ing spell. The Great Munufaelurcrs' Emer gency and Surplus Snlo is Hearing tho end. If you expect to purchase n piano or plnycr piano within the next ten years, you owe nn inves tigation to yourself now. Through the columns of this paper vro havo told the reasons for this great sale several times, so Kiiffieo it to Bay that never again will such low prices ho made us arc now marlccd on thoroughly re liable pianos, for tho same cuuscs can never again exist. New pianos win now bo had for less than dealers havo over beforo sold samo grade used instruments, $200, $250 and $300 new pianos can now bo secured for $98, nnd the moro elaborate atj'los for $145. "NVc still have also a good selection, in plain cases, for $118. A great muny used pianola pianos, which ennnot be told from new, nt prices ranging from $285 for the $500 grades, to $188 for tho $900 and $1000 grades. Tho Chiclcering, America's old est nnd best; tho beautiful Kim balls, and the genuine Autopiano Cnt nut nnd mnll thla coupon. Do It lodnyi ISIIcra Mualc House, Ilronil nr nt Aider .St I'nrllnnd, Orcjcon, and we Mill send you free of cknrsre n book or "Old I'atorlte Songa." Nome , (Wrllo plainly.) Address. , ,,,, Player Piano also included in this great Bale. Player pianos on terms ns low as $12 per month, some for $10 per month, nnd some for only $2 per week. Pianos $1 per week. The important thing is to select your piano now, while these low prices hold good, and before tho manufacturers' representatives Ellsworth, Barnes & Davey leave Portland. If you have a used piano, organ or phonograph and records which you would like to exchange, wo will be very glad to allow you n fair vnluntion for it. Many now jilayer pianos stilt left. Remember, nil of these new instruments arc marked nt prices even less than same quality up rights without the player mechan ism inside arc usually sold for. $500, $550 and $G00 now plnycr pianos arc now marked $285 nnd $337 some of tho smaller sizes, perfectly plain cases, $2-15. The $750, $800 and $550 values nro now $377, $137 nnd $188. The $1000 and $1250 player pianos at $588, $GC4, nnd the largest size $77G. All with free music rolls and our free exchange proposition. Portland, Oregon Study Music at Home iS One Month's Free Tuition Send No Money ANY INSTRUMENT TAUGHT Piano, Organ, Vio- c? n?-o T-Hf m - ,V: f m I in, Cornet, Guilur, Banjo, S a x a phone, Flute, Drum?, Ktc. Success Guaranteed. Our extension course, of personal Instruc tion tiring tho. new metnociH or me boat toachers direct to your home. It CONtH loss than resi lient Instruc tion. Kvcryono can afford It. AVrlle Vow for .Special Offer. BIG CATALOGUE FREE, SEND FOR IT American School of Music FIFTH AND ANKENY, 'PORTLAND, OREGON ' ifci v -H ' yLffm vl MM lSTS?? Mil. A. It. tlll'ON. I.III1IV. MOM'.. bOI.U 13 KlltSTINS TO HIS NKH11I1IOICS, MAIht 'I ha pulled (Ir and lomurack slumps, some ot them 5 lest In diameter, with jour 537 complete outfit ' tVi: HAM! AN AllMV of aionts tlirouirlioul the North vest dolus; the samo as Mr Ulrso.i Iletter cet our ap plication in eany r; ;ou want to ue one or mem. Lire Axrutk MnnteU i;ter. where. Apply Saw, .TdUBBsBfy: ,fo write at once to . C1V xtv. mssu nv, rt'Tr i once A. J. KIKMsX CO., til ComniMTl.il ht halrui. Or, Eastern Olf.ce, Uscanaba, Ulch, 1 Ww5fra rfi!lllllMllllllllHKUHP'