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About The east Oregonian. (Pendleton, Umatilla County, Or.) 1875-1911 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 23, 1878)
Oppressive Taxatkw Mke Peer.- Srooks Aduns, In AtUnUe Vonthlv The most difficult nroUem of moilcni times is unquestionably liovy tojirotwt property under pojuikgojewtuchts. For the" United StatcfoHllyit is prowinp irraver dav in, ciav. oo lone as tho large majority of voters arc owners of property all goes well, hut tho mo ment those who are untaxed outnumber those who pay taxes, trouble commences. The direct interest of the untaxed class is to swell public expenditure to the nit most, and there is hardly-a. huy it V? in the United States tkifsuiirwl more or less from vtteAMe Tke whole subject is so old Hud lias been so often discussed that there can bo no ob ject in enlarging upoTxlt. No one is likely to question tfi?j5fitcment that several hundred milli63dollarshave al ready been confiscated in the interest of the untaxed classes, through State and municipal extravagance and fraud. In Massachusetts there is good reaM to believe that between fifty and sixty per cent of the voterspay a poll tax only, while in Boston their number, it r n .v w " is said, reaches SO per cent; and the evil appears to be increasing.- The,ob-v vious policy of a natioajwlwre universal suffragist exists is UwtMMMge saving among the poorer cl assS? hyevery expe dient that is compatiblftli i jMk ja4) &e to all its citizens. Tlie podcrofXiwDa chusetts has aanlins$vDoen To foster savings banks; but tknem to be f reason to fear that thisFeotirae has not iTecelvrrs leside day laKirrrs, which suf been in all resiectsA judiewus. Un ffcrs, clerks, botik-kwrs, saler-nuin, doubtedlv savinsrs banrsare"US;fui: but . it is certain that thaTeiinterets of I age income is shown in the Lalor Re the State are not answered by having; J port to be about $1,000. Forty-eight them monopolize the savings ot tha poor. i A man who has nioneyln a banXis apt such men are subject to an average to be a better citizen bat one vie his j mortgage of $2,452 at seven and four nothing, but his interests are "not Identi- tenths jer cent Unfortunately, these cal with the interests e oil er t rope rty i returns an imperfect, and exactness is owners. To begin witfcjlieis exempt impossible. Still some estimate mav lie from municipal taxation: consequentlv, he does not suffer direetinxrOn munid- pal extravagance. Land owners, on the i contrarv, cannot move.away from their j iiumes. j.ney not. omy leei me wnoie burden of municipal and State taxation in a peculiar degree, but anything which tends to injure the prosperity ofj their town injures the value of it heir property. Their interest always points directly toward economv and sood cavernment In evervarre and in a!lf tries the aj uit a. fT 41 most reliable and const1 1 i Jirv frticKr 6f ociety has been theSnilI1land prJ prietors. ? Strangely enough theState, while it ' has always tavored depositors in savings J Danes, nas discouraged the poorer classes j- from buying land. Tins' statement marl appear surmising, but ita truth can he demonstrated. In Massachusetts money lent on mort gage is taxed at full rates As a matter of common sense, no propoofcion'can be more preposterous. If fstn lays a farm worm two thousand dollaxs, has but one thousand himself, and therefore borrows the second thousand,' nothing can be more unreasonable then to tax him on two thousand dollars-worth of property, and then tax the leB4er1pn'bis thousand dollars as welL One and one never did make three, and never wilL Clearly there are only two thoutand dol lars' worth of taxable property, divide it up between the two men how you wilL The farm has the same value after as be-1 fore the purchase. The.man who owns I f U1U UC"H ib " uul "ur,. . . I increase tne property wincn is in exist- j new have devised a more effective rts ence. iow the only possible way in Tbat this is one of the chief winch poor men can buy iandis upon p "uuoc iu a V rCJrT ananouse in tne country, costs on an i caused such miserv as this tax. Thepo average about two thousand ollar A7ti(m of the -ortinraan whose land is wortang man seldom has so large a sum at nana, ana it is most unuesiraue that he should have to wait until he could A ui t-m trrge a man to industry ana economy, there is none stronger than the desire to uc-" lr.e Y-, hundred dollars, every encouragement should be given him to buy a home for himself on mortgage, and pay off the debt by ingtanipntff, Far from encouragement, however, the burden the State puts on him is crashing. By reason otaxation of the taxation of the mortgage, he is- taxed twice. Double taxation is, -in plain F.ngl?sh, confiscation: for if the State ar bitrarily makes me pay oa jnydand dou ble what it makes my neighbor pay on his, it confiscates my property to the amount of the extra tax. This double taxation is inevitable under law. Money will always command its value, 2to one will loan money for less than it will bring in the open market The govern ment can now borrow at four per cent becasse its bonds are untaxed. 2o one, therefore, will lend for less than a jiet return of four per cent "Were govern ment bends taxed, the rate of interest would rise to just the amount of the taxj the return to the lender would be the same; the government would pay the tax in its interest A good mortgage is as good security as a government bond, and ought to command money on as rea sonable terms. An offer was publicly made before a committec'of the legisla ture to loan any amount of TBoneyat four per cent on good mortgage security, provided the borrower would contract to pay all taxes. 2?b one came forward to borrow on such terms. The Labor Re port for 1876 shows that the actual rate of interest for money loaned on mort gage to workingmen in the State of Mas sachusetts is seven and four-tentks per cent Therefore, were the" tax on inort-' gages abolished, workingmen could, per haps, borrow three and. one half per cent cheaper; or, presenting the propo sition in another form, the amount of i double taxation imposed upon them is three and one-half percent on the value of their mortgage. j It k well, however, to err. upon the. safe side. In the forer'ps.per the Jjur dea of taxation was estimated at two' per cent On this bask, the abslWoa of the mortgage tax would fix the rate of interest oa mortgages ia.jt. ilm SKaie at abeut five and one-half per cent 1 The figure k certainly sufficiently high, aa is an. advasce of ose aad one-half per cent on jpverB&eBt seeeri&s, asd abo The conclusion is therefor unavoida ble that ly this unjust and irrational tax the Stl confiscates a largo jiortion of Um savings of tlso niofct divervini citi zens, for doing that thing which of all I others it is most fortho safety and tho (nfelftirti of tho commonwealth that thoy "should do. Fortunately Rlatistics exist which mako it possiblo to show very nearly how great a wrong is done. The figures on which the following estimates are taken from the Heort on btatistics 01 leiber for 187C. UTiev are, of course, reliable. There are in Massachusetts about 450,000 skillled and unskilled la- Ijbprers. Of these twenty-Uiree percent. own houses, and forty-tour per cent 01 those owning houses have borrowed monev uion mortgage to pay for them. There are therefore 103,500 laborers who own houses, 46,000 of which are mortgaged. Tim average mortgage is for $'J77 57. Two er cent, it is re membered, equals the mortgage tax which the borrower is forced to pay in the shaiMS of adunced intent Two tier cent on $977 57 is, in round num bers, $20, that being the amount of dou ble taxation to which the average raon gagor is subjected. The total is of course 20 x 46,000, or $920,000. In other words, the State yearly confiscates the savings of her most deserving work ingmen to the enormous value of $1,000 000. One million dollars is the whole direct State tax. There is ali another class of wage- and all who earn salaries. Tiwir aver per cent of all the houses owned by made. The census appears to indicate that there are in the neighborhood of 75,000 receiving salaries in the State. This scems"K?asona'ble, as it would give an average of six wage-laborers to one salaried l-erson. Estimated on this basis, the extra tax paid by this class in the form of interest on mortgages would be Ijetween $450,000 and $500,000 Year. The State of 3fasstchusetts, there- lore, bv taring inortrasts, wrings o O o nearly $ 1 ,500,000 a year over and alwve their just burdens from these cl&SMai of f'her citizens whose incomes average less titan $1 100. By the last State Auditor's Report it appears that the tax njon savingvlianks vieliKl $1,814,623: a sum not verv much larger than the amount raised bv this extra tax from these two classes ot the population. Savings-bank! however. are bv no means exdusivclv used bv the people for whom they were intended. In fact, only about forty-five ier cent, of the whole amount of the deposits be longs to the wage-laborers; the remainder is distributed among the capitalist class, who look on savings-banks as good places for investment; therefore, the whole amount of tax paid by the savings -of laborers deposited in savings-banks is $817,560 a year, against $320,000, which represents the amount of unjust and excessive taxation which is lorne by workingmen who own land. Had Massachusetts turned its whole auon towards discouraging the in crease of small land owners, she coul Gf the present discontent admiu ot little doubt. Probablv nothing has , mortgaged u a haul one. Br tie Labor Kqort for 1 S7C, iiges 24 -nd 7C it ubi falIUv about of five peisons: Aver- ; a f()r a Uborer are $4S2. But vhere a wLole are employed their yearly tairnings amount to $S36.89, di vided as follows: Wage faUitr Wape vt wile xad cbOdrea . .. ais toe to To tbk nia( be lAitA f or faaense ttoa tS ether other worot SS CO ToUl Ineaate tl W By the Rejort for 1875 the average family expenses without rent are put at $620.35, divided as follows: Food. Gothic; and 4qrplc; Fad. Snnrton Lirbl tuzie 1M Zi U 91 sou WSJ 35 The Retiort of 1876, however, fixes $o50 as the yearlv sum for which a fam ilv of five mav be maintained. Bent Ls fixed at $93, but no other item is given. The Beport of 1875 shows that the wages of voung children untl years old, who ought to go to school amount to about sixteen per cent of the family wages. Assuming the latest fig ures to be correct, the account stands ns follows: tscoac. Total fxroilfacoiBe. Ltm nta A joonz children al acbool. . . .tat S3 . 101 00 S7Z3 .txa Coat ct Bring Vjr rp"Tt of 1ST8. . LoMttot . not wsrto X&i tntcmt on znortfit aad Um oa tt,VM at (12 jt xMr looco Total expense. . . . . SS7 CO Balance 1C W The otlnnlwl Ta!ueo( lh Uxuc Ukmx al 12,000 not f rwn tb Lalmr KqnrU or anf (jflStial atatiitlca. lliree tilings arc. demonstrated by these figures: (1.) That children's wages are necessary for the support of the fain llr. (2.) That a workingman with mortgaged house can just cover exjen ses by his own wages and tlie wages of his older children. (3) That all ray- Tnents on tho principal of tlie mortgaged debt must be made from earnings of tlie children under 15 Tears old, who ought to be at school. If tlie mortgage tax were aliolished, $20 or $30 would bo saved on the inter est account Tlie young children can earn a few dollars a year in vacations and after school h'Urs, especially in do ing farm work in Uio country, and thus some $$0 a year might bp saved toward extwguishiBg tho mortgage. NothiBg can establish more clearly the impolicj as well aa the iniquity of tiw tax. lij this uajwt and discrimi ateng impost oa thisckuwof dtiaeaa, the laboring wan is forced to chooso Ixv twecn denying Ins family a home ami cpriving his children of their educa tion. That the woiKingmen oi a rvpui- io should not own tho land is dangerous to tho State, but that they should grow up ignorant is ruin. The tact that a mortgage neccssitat hild lalx'r may lo proved in another war. Among lamiues supiwrtoi uv uio abor of huslund and wife but 29 ter ceiit ownetl their houses. Ainong-thov families supported by the labor of the father and minor children 39 per cent owned the houses occupied. Whilo among those families where all members were farced to work 46 per cent owned thai houw-s. i . ! These fiimres were collected for anothur uniose, but thov show the prweure of the mortgage tax distinctly. The pro gression is significant. Where most to uses are owucu, there moat chitu la- wr is found, for half tha Loums of la wring men are mortgaged. There is a terrible contrast Iteiween the workingnunwhohas invcstl $1,000 in a house, and has lorrowed $1,000 on a mortgage, and another wcrkingmnn who lias $1 ,000 in the lank. Tlie State taxes the latter $7 50,.the foniHT $4-t a year. When times are latl this heavy in terest charge lecomes insupjwrtaUe. It is more than the family can m, beyond cost of living, and thouwUHls of in dustrious men liave seen the saving or their whole Hvt swept away, leoause they could " not-pay lioth the intorestt oh their mortgage and their taxes. The double tax just turned the saalc. In deed, it is difficult to realize the MiflVr- ing which is caused in times of depres sion bvthe lew of Sl.OW.WUa vear over and above their just burdens on' 50.000 workincmcn. or does the mischief eal h-TC. Through the we dium of the banks, which arc thy chief lenders upon mortgage, one half the workins das .become the cnxlitors Toff the other half. hen huge numWrs ot mortcasors fail in their lavments. the land is thrown uton the I ants aU that land for tlie moment has tost its varae. The banks cannot, meet thr calls of their doKutors, and then, as hapcned last AVinter, a stay law is rushed through the legislature, payments cease, ad creditors and debtots are involved in waaea misery. Vho could wonder, under sueh strain, if U very foundations of society should be shaken I There is iisctmt-t now, and not without good caM: bat nothing can inspire more resject for the good judgment of this jcvj4e tten tfce iiatience with which, uixmi the winrfe. they have borne thw wfiVriue- No other imjost could work the mi-ekif f of this hateful morteuw tax. It bvrdeas the indostriens; it ruins tb small land owner, it hampers buildings, it raise rent; it Ijreed ignorance; His hostile to free instil ations. Yet the mortgg-UX is onlv the most strikiftc: instance ef that vicious system which fetters the enter prise and" weislis down the energy of Massachusetts. The injustice and impoL. icv of that rrstcra have often been ably exposed, but hitherto without avail. The whole fabric of tax legislation is based upon a false foundation. Double taxation is not the exception, but 4 be rule within the commonwealth. Th error of the srstein lies in the propusi tion that every citizen is to be taxed ac cording to his ability to pay. A raort irace is port of a man's itroucity; hence he must be taxed on the toortgxge, other wise he would, not contribute his propor tion to the State All this rraaoig is manifestly fallacious. Property is what should Ik taxel, not men, unless ujiea their poll. The supjovd ability of cer tain citizens is certainly beyond the Question. Taxable iiroirtv is somo- thins that has intrinsic value. Theiv a certain amount of proierty within the State such as houses and Land, goods and merchandise, cattle, gold, silvur, and machine rv. This constitutes the wealth of tlie citizens. Xotrs, bonds, mort gages, and the like are simply evidences that the holders have lent raoner on the faith of the nropcrtv bavins intrinsic wortlu In themselves thee notes and bonds have no value, anv more than pper money has in -itself value. The taxes upon these evidences of debt are all neowsanlv double taxes: since to tax property at all it is worth, and then if it is pledged, to tax the monev raiseu mxm it, is clearly to tax it twice. Moreover, the difficulty with all this taxing of debta is not only that it is absurd in theory, but that it is iniquitous in practice. The borrower always lias to my. If four ier cent is the market rate for money, and taxes amount to two ier cent., we have seen that tlie mortgagor cm liorrow onlv at seven lwr cent. T1k- capitalist will collect the tax for tlie government, but he jays himself at tlie expense of the borrower for his nsk and trouble in so doinz. .o statute can change this law of trade. The onlv ef fect of taxing loans is to raise tlie rate of interest Thus it is that taxation.. in Massachusetts cniuiu industry and works injustice. Tlie debtor class IS doubly taxed throughout the common wealth, and tlie debtors arc precisclr Uiosc wno are least awe io pay. it bad enough for a man to hare every third dollar taken from him by the State, but when besides he has to pay three ir cent of extra interest above the market rate on everv uouar ne nor- rows, the position of the debtor becomes well-nich dcsiieratc. Tlie only hope lies in popular educa tion. Could tlie people bo made to un derstand the merits of tlie question, the present tax laws would not disgrace the statute-Ijook one day after the next meeting of the legislature. .The danger consists in icnorancc, worKingnien who cannot nay their mortgage intivst are wrought upon by demagogues and clamor at the capital. They dp not seo the real enemy. Men feel that they are Kufierini'. but do not know tlie cause. The educated and the wealthy struggle to repress discontent but do not move a finger either to teach the people or give them relief. There is peril in tlie situ ation. In any-oountry bui, injus tice such as is inflicted hercwritHiare brought on a populnr explosion. It may be that the ond it. not yet The tide mar rise still higher. Massachusetts has (lonelier best to strip herwlf of hor-l natural defenders, to.opprodi, and to ruin ""vlP0 'wnlland owners have little reason to love their State. Tlie numWis of non taxjmyers nre daily swelled by ruuiel morfgngorsf those who pay a jUtaxodyjitn; already, in thfij majority, uhile tho rich "Stated like n rijw prize for diuiiloi, licrt tfint ingly under thrir hiuul. jj - A guoiriii' formation m -. idinpaiiy is jn lirocpa ofj iiim ciiv, io ie culleu me Pid ilelity .VsfOoiatioii. of.N A'ork, h we for its olnect thuyuarlnleefng o r'nni the lidejity gf irsout hoIdingLicc of trust Hie fotlowiii" hrst-cIasK names ATUlil cock ards. NelsMifc'Taft!Ui, William II. Ilurlbut, Wootlruir, J. S. Itockwtll: ibnm-l ilclAtiii, Xorvin Green. II. T. ?iiauld- ing, . u U-oisml, 11. 11. I'utlin, Uea u. T.iroi, A. R Hull, GjrgS.-Coe,U John I). Mairs Charles InnU" fw u- t W. BT-onanL II. R Clatlm, Geo. York MailK , - . - ... ......, ... .... I , ..,jo. u. ... . W. I .1ST v;..,.l. siwwiiu. IUUnunul im&unH W. II. Swan. Wilson tS. Hunt J; I muj Am w M. ai is t. A Debt ol UrHlltndr. . .Uipwmawk kxiiir.iqntiS M iltfl taaa tmti a iUU. ( vrabajc t io UJI'i''!" lire nun u wot Uai ILM lulaaa ! tlx Vmtsi. TSrw )on aj I 111 Hk m w4 in tSc tnit aa4 tW other ym rl to Ulrfy, HS tba JrraaJ ifaiatia, reOMWptSav. A IrVsJ aikjt rroicxiWi lUUxbataaaaMtbalart ThaaA Uui; Jtixd it. Tiw tnt UU I uJ M UM srs fiml lau IS -V)wiaa I aJ ixiiet al Um lt kvtS uli. 1 . satHaratUlataantfltdJUamAr Wtk.an4lA ilk alj 1 AUuaal Id 41 Jm uiiJIm mx l 4Sr Biaa m lb rilj. Twa " ' uuurrx n TS a)iaM04 14 tS bjA) lrtl-t tKat mnta. Fee aMtgtia, nM. nwxm4S. iLm M a4) r UiJL tm Mai HiImib Ut IS ltUK&. 1W Mi l aU Unx4 For l)vsieta hk l'lundrr'n Orvgwii Itioul I'iiri(ir. A cufuuri and Ke'dV The AVilhuMt Stavo Works, of Pc rtkti, makes the Uwt Stovt in ths "nurkuL Havers should sustain homtn)a4ufaetiire br insisting on hav- ins goodipf this make and baying no OtftOC. JIansefi, of Portland, sends out the most n4 table v-d ami the lest truna. Aihlre.i II. Hansen, Portland, Oiegon, for catalogue sl pnee Carriase al Wagon nal;er ireaii Xorthmp & Cos new dvertisVaient. l For diseases of the Liver and Kidney 1 XaT In raaklns mmy urrla or Ih wrillnaT Ih ra-apona la an; adterlla meat it Ih tnl lap" plra. tateav. t tar name ol lar iwarr. lion tar bum ol lar pap-rr DEI GOODS. L AK75 AT A WfTAMX rTBr.a roHTLAM CA dralaKS m aa aiaaUarianlr a at aa D? tadl Drab SH.GIHH. 1 1 -T '.rLr -T.J AaJ rrrrrlSKr raaaaatali a T4T ni&TISS IftTAllUl-NT ja tva , tm l-rrti m raM Um U CEKTV FURMISHINC COOOS. ri,v t. u,irn Comer Flrat and MaitlisteH MmK roETLAXa oacoox OX , T yl'mi, ...... p I U run LB lr,f . Commercial Union Insurance OrLoadanrapUal 1364.0 . IKTI?(G WEBB. Garni XsrsSt ler Orrra. Sa ie Xorta rranl KU PortlaaMt. X COSiUEUEB OrCOb'MPTlftNV HALL'S BAL SAM! ; FOR THE LUNGS CniiraUa Coasta. CaUa. Flail eeiia. ErmlMtia. aOima. Craoav Wluueoac Uaja, aaj al " tarara tt tSe leialriatf erxaaa. Hall's Balsam Is the Leading h'peafie for Coasmnption. It auotfcn aral k-al the TaiTalorxi i Mat taarv Itf mul aad pa-axil Vj laa da HI, Mi ix-mv&m taj Hlefct aaiaU aaal HIIiiii atfBSa tie tlmt WS ie- Consumption. If net aa ta-vaUe KlUf It mtf ainiary aa Sale at-e rifM riaawir. aai IU3a hataaa h Utat mav -if lual orair tt rM. Ur tSte Scaa t;aoSc taf cart yoo, rtwa ISwS icia'io.iiui aal tai.V P ZIoacI tlao Following: Virwl teaiaMieiil aiareBrbt arr. u. u. ne. vin nanui. aaa ca.wc ac- i lawienl iMTtenarbt . Tl mat imtnhri f ItaaTa halaaa la a Urra BoaaWr cf raw., aad alear He aAlt thu "ta cca ow a tallrat vita eiarr anoaaaw c mfnn I 1 1 .ninfiOi a, a rrand ta M aaoal beakaj mio after caasaarja? w taae tbe Haioja. Jaaa Kaaa. U Li.rtl, int. ante Oo jrmr aa I aa ta al aftKanaeea la Uc laatata, oai qaiUa. aad rut aa Vrm aar'wtarraaj4kl vaqil nr lite laretr-loer Van." Mr kaVa rartaar atatra taat -aur Uliec ah tattle ot ILaT IUUaabeM ma la perfect Walth. batiarawl a. ether aalidM.' TW alt, laicf eitnrU an talini frtaa a Mass of Evidence ! Wbata baa lava aarrnraUlrny iming a cf taea' It aeae tarm. inlm tha etaearj c lar. Ralaaai In aa cam a fccre Ue trratUiar orraca areaSactnl. aaj. beats? Uect&a!ki la ablch tbarrmnlr b btfl Vjr the ale anJ the tnrdJcal vraiio. br aj draaU. rrtre (1 ar butUa JOHN Z HENRY, CURRN & CO, ' 8 Dolled Place, Xcw Torlr. x- BKWArx or mrrATiONs. ao? f:iuir'Eai. axa fur the Loocs tni tale oa other. . ' T ' HODGE, DAVIS k CO., Agent. SCROLL SAWS;!, ii saw vt rATraurs noiXV k WAtNtJT. idr Write brrrite Ut. DITTOS & mali rortURd, ur. T. JV. r3TItOWIIltriG03. r'- T Wnet iBfvrur a4 Dtakr la LEATHER AND SHOE FINDINGS, , Xo.HI rronl NU. I'arllanrt. 4lr. FINK F.UtK F0TI SALE. COO Aor aa. ONT. Or THE BEST VARMS IS OUETJOX. IN A . fine ftate cf raUinUoo. fully fcoml. cinlleot baiUir7i, eteaai pom and all late ImpraTraKSU ia agricoltanl BxutiYntrp Kterjtblnr ta be kU at a barnln. II prKr,0,C) Vutaattaf abaal at UaTT arl h.tX) btutwlatn 18TS.' Ii rJ !ur an itariftU uloe UxmavDd btwbcbi ertrj jcor lriM tat lar acre, tern to aolt tbe bater 11. 1L hTtlMS X OX, Real OtaU Arena, rnetiaral (lrrnn. J And aU klaiLfl of KarUe Work. Send f or tnoatrationr, Wnt an! nke.LUtt Ufor, jva order (rom aayboJr elee. WILXIAbt TOUNO, rortk-Ml(Orft. HIE 3i . rosbcxs 1856 KNAPP, BUKKEIX & Front, First and Asli Streets, Portland, Oregon, PmmJmplements all ! 1 THE CELEBRATED BAIN FAIiM "WAGON. 7M utt rwmU Oc UALN T1UHHU.SKU.V W.f.V. jmSub tUr. tun u mat uui K wl Iktu f.r S ii -Ii u Sf ikfni iitMlaglMMkaaa(uwiatat Uiw Ml w (act atX i-Ur iSan jUu sc m m t taaar ayikM. IS 3HT I'liu-nt tslculn 'S uiifr. On tS lula Wafai U a taJauU nii innwrf. Mki u U cMata; Mmm akuik VauM miB ka lb Srr Patriii Oil Tulm Ik Hrm Srrrw 'f , WtkSaria4 tL Mwl W UVmc -4 It Wi W4I IS aS Irjuhi, u KJK ifiili W ft a tm 4Jwr ajk id Um um T II rt-iiTn taUMitauavaaaa u-tJm ta ri I t . jim, uh aa wuaiiaam w nnrniT lr aur trkl. aal ar nin toatu aa masSl, mikhI atxtS Al IS afcaat, are uuttStwiftt m -Umms WU al Ware attttar i ttm. aaaatag tSrWl . I.lfcla Hr liaa aVa aU S a ar U-tm&k miwi r Uaa mmum naifi,j Satfaaf7aaakaa MUM 'tt. ui Baaaa aSa afflntoa. S -1 aS. akijr tt "SremeialTina.SaM Tin aul twt, aim ui irastv are tlln tait, St u taa UawaaHytasria aad r ru t l illrtj "raiaiwt" aafa. aa far aa iMlar aal ra are mimni. e aadalaa ti ip hh nai arv immiiimn, avvawa a rwjl a ioa aa oa La aa tVci l- tVra'r- uas frwa Luta OHEGON HACK OB POUR SPKING- WAGON. mm I GUARANTEED I THE LARGEST STOCK. The Oldest and Leading Honse In the Trade and Prices always FB Plows Harrows, AT THE LOWEST POSSIBLE PRICES. Tlie FolIeviluK an Ihc GooIh mc arc nclliBS 'Jgsig J!flSU."i2SL- a AKvfJ "JllT AA!' smiXC. aia'iinJ la ' rJ lar. W . ai.a. aaiaai a. W I IOW w a, SW XM r TYr -aV . ' nl . tr awa TTiilniilia I al in Hi ii i I tJiZL f ,rrrj w - r (-r., ,1.,. lT7liL.- " ; -,J tolluaa (renal Oast fiiU 1 PWwx, ts xraacaataf W-c-W rW.. ia aa aaarkt. K r.tr.MHOC-Wr hmaalr I'lral-laaa Tt'XAl. AC3II.M.U1. ar4 lar II Milwaukie Nurseries. nTAmnics uc. FOISEASOX 1S7S-7D LARGE STOCK, LOW PRICES, Send for Oar V. rataloEWV. Sctli Luelling S: Son, MllrmBkte. drrxort. CMldreate3 2aaka Money Raising Lnther Syers, V9a w Catal.r a,I ety tiaaa lr (itrT pay. coKitofiiYi: srsTaiaciTS Oronndj' ulphur, 'lonr liwlpliur. OtrloIIo nhprn I?Il. Jiaolion'H A 1m.-i lIp. WakoJee'K rlicp itatJi, t-ulpliatx! Zlno, rOTlJOV! Ararnltv WRTUEJ.l.T:E0rTCAn,IXfHrj3 i 1 ; t i. i I r I'M Hie Vy r HODGE, DAVIS &.G.O.,! I AVliolc-nlc- TrtiarsItM. "BEST PL8W IN THE W8RL0 i ILK C - nnxvzor OllTar'a CkHlsd KctaL, 1 1 win raw Hcaler.lrtm aad di aellar wark or aH' klnrfa. ibaa ur other ploa made. Kewaro of Imllatloaa. he, lb.il tbeaaaiOtxnnt tad thU tnub taaf k are on U beaa ot aV 110 " . The crsalot Ourza Cmujcd Plov, eaa be had caljr rum aa. or oar Aalaartaed kfeaU. 'KNAPRrBURRELL t C'O". .General Axruta, l rf OrejT5"a4 M'JlMEtoa JmitrT. . " "a rtMtTUkKB. RBG3C- GREAIJlEDCctroX TX riUCTS. DoSrs, Windows, Blliiill&'in" WIJ0KT8, CORDS AND rCUXTS, IM rroat KU ael; WhsbIbcIob Aldsr. jel 1m rOSTXJLXD, O&EQOX. I 3X I OltTEIlH OF and IMCHINES. mom iMm lor a u wt tSwVrati )wt, ui I avJrVkl ar vViflun- iofeajwiiU 7SU a utter sava aaW aa amaw-esarat akaMtiae UaM tSr m ac xaaiwaa inr S aaaat imioi taastarina aukarrr aadrterr attar TO BE THE BEST HACK THE BEST ASSORTMENT. as- SiBaiaBaaaaaaaafciMBBZrfA'''r' ATTENTION, PARMESS! TVTEL BROS, cfc IMPORTERS ASD DEALERS IH Seeders, Drills "Wagons, Etc,: E T"' """" SMf V"' Oiannlerj af ttiv Fir Id. end rntirrir U I.tb ZJtSn TU raS Urt tr U Uai. It t-a W,TS U U V ..rra.TT i i . t i i i La l)0w s Jointed Puheriztn Harrow, T Tar Beat la Ibr Xarhrl. "Si TS 1( Usc Wise solnl ty a MTaa U t artat aaim WVm. Urgtr airttaar s4c Taa San U cack jaa an VnaSt Real 1b thr Mark r I. Caocl. all of ntilfh e m.t.- W a iifft vr llrrMlar auil Ilrdaml lrlre lAata. HOLIDAY GOODS! ALISKY fc HEGEXE. CANDY MANUFACTURERS. HAVINC OiEATLT ENUvHOED OCR l"ACTOB.T WZ tcr SOW TtLETXZED M.UU TILLS' CVEZ TO T&J I"Vr raX a acprrV- ArUii a3 Kxrdt at Fhodl tJ Xamcu OAXDIBS, AS off e t3kna a iv-re aUxl Onlau Cruia. aaia aa Sastr Tm, Gun! TWi. Fiaer Mt HatU. Tre Or ttaaaaaU. Faas rftr Uvr. CSrUtaaaa Ttac CatiBra. Ua fcAa f'....... 'i..i , lf Aaasala, ett. fca MVrSka. SaU arvsr caiiivam aai frwe btar Ifa-CS. AUSKY & HEGELE. Sa. Iia rirat Xtrert rartarr A14er Mml. Jarfjalalac M FeHswa Teas pie. . r o. tajx . KTLayi. otxcox CPE XO.VE BVT THE COLUMBIA COAL OIL, THE BEST IX THE XARXET. II. ACKCSJI.1N CO XrcX K Ike Nni TviU at, C u-1 S XcrU trt rrt, fVrtWtd, Or- B AVICI. J. X AIlKbiHT, Shipper, Commission Xerchxat, Aai WbUtaale Dtdtr hx tHArx. runcis. rcED, hairt rsoDrrx, rto- VT rlakaia. Hera. Raiam. Sacs ASrinaMaral rValr, &a4e Cpxerira. Oasnraaasta aol enkrt ac&Ued. J OS aral Wantia, So. C Pint atrret, rvrUaai. Or Saa rraama) UVt, SU rti atrvK. CoVerls Employment Ascsry, rsn&br, nnr a as Kbd, nux or a luxe. tfTjCorrrapaBiieaee Kalletted. J. R. COrZrJUrarUI.OrTra. ' Oregon Standard Soap Works, 1KVIXC Jb WEBB. Prtpretora. IXSTLAXl ORECOX. lit only leaara taclory aorta of Saa Fraaoaea. Saoi laromilaraad price bC SKEDS. 8EDS. 1IACHENEY at BEN0, SEEDSMEN, i i XORTIIWEST COB. FIRST AXX TATLOR STREETS: Pan h rat. Oititi. TTAVE OX II.VXP A ITU, COlirtXTE AXD 111 lwh Slack u( rkkl, rVmt aal GanWa I tniba. fnttt aaj (knanaental Trtea, BoQa, lUaKirfl bat, been nrrtuHj adtelol, aral vfrr tbe aane lor aale at tne Mwe.1 taarkti rale. I lyVbtatanaia faniltbwl ao affJkaltoo. ! OREGON CORN. US Knsliels to the Acre. A FTKR 14 TK.IRS Or EXrERlXEXTS I UAVE tx. jewloced a Bear rartrtr Corn. cUitnl 4 Orajvrv rmbW Urmen I wwt chair r . . . . .. ... .k . vt m iwwan awxacr nan nranwi inw .. .. I ain eU tha anl at to, fUatnf rekn(rlkU ata. aai! KMrerbtrM4MmJMtaeifefrtlaOrcr aty, or la me foaad taclana. laac pall. tay bt cent each. IlIu.VKIM-O.V, Oranei CHy. lerg-au , "ffOODBURS yPRSERIES.. Trail. Xbwlf, raaaeatil aJ Xal 'Tmm viae aad laarabarrT. forCltlVU auj rtialj ajnTLaafTR. Woodaaire, Orepja. CO., 1878 Etta of yttgun. aaC alii aaVa c&aiata SiSlhe a, aad cm tint v21 frvt tlaa cbaayat la tS txA. Description and Prices. fax Jua. ifusx aWb, tSne nt esstl btAn aaj (war Utt t haalaa Uk. Scd rar aiica. oca aaj aa rkcJS uir&ra; fixtM hoi, HS jiattat rum-i a aai; laa asafa; Up tit Xrttf Susal atlli ino; jmmmtAuki taawraWiani aeaU. aiak lXJ UAr. tS fair aai MaSat Waka. CafaSf , UO yasnim. fTfc(, kafaIatSRislBtt Sox X X SaM walir asita, aea ted cee-laattJa aa aytc aa4 SaaaS aa aUa Cyuaxj, Saw Xa. t (i-t aal n SU. lock wJU orJU aifaa; aaaaa SMtas a akr flafacaff, IfiM pcania. fnta. at fMJt aajao aiaa iaca 14 aad tin atafa, tSS. IN MARKET. THE LEADING MACHINES. at the Lowest Living Rates. -Sa tMJLZ X X atiil tL?t attS eadi tMina. tltfaajar tb W irr. al taAh aa ayali rclkca trcaa tSa eaciar. Uariae aa rvS-r fea ttc-Wr. viia faa Vaa a trial aijwtaua UMWa a3 Hnvarf Lbe ViaA. Tte nEOrar aaa d iSaVaMi caa eaa le daaat musw aaa JT. . , aar tW La Daw-. XcSherrj" DrilLs aad Seeders, "T VcmTIi utkn tar la mi ixrtnvrn roitcz rmx tsaAk iaxwrnmOKtr ask IS Xi-brtTT tav LSe zraia t ItSL la tl Nkl aaaair. atraaa asa tha fanl alexia. Tia ocasUf aa ba aai par rrralaaal Sy ax U viir raSaU saav rail aad Cvaalele- Llo oT JaCUCCt FRANK BROTHERS & COn lot aail IM I'rant Mml, Partlajad. ereza. Hornin Star RestaHrxat. Cbreer 5id aad Waaatactoa Scaeca. Ttnaad, Of. ti. C RIB CB, rxapeetar. rarJ. jnrr aicaiX trrra r3 00 to We tuanl. per era. LToam . eOOta SCO I Ward, fat 4ay. tnaa. ZSla 1 Sa SSta M luanl, tar Baal, nwat - rrirate Rotesa for Lac aad Faaabea. EXCLUSIVE Carriage and "Waoa Hardware, Alba. Kreiars FcrrrJ aad yiHmiTe traaa. Baarj aad trnataTarTilni ilm.i. AS Ibntnn rpajraml t caaafarte a Jn. CARRIAGE L WAQ43H WOODWORK. Uabi. Scxcaa, K2sm. Ffwkie. Shaft. IMlra. Cak. Aafc. ILckuey aad Wbiee-arwat Usabtr Aad tbe Jaa5 CetebraVd SARVEN PATENT WHEELS. We ca3 tbe attention tt tbe pcbSr aad aH aid raat. am ta tbe abin, aJterlacneBl. aad aa wear, ta, caty iKiN:ilmnt caiKl cdraviTetT at tbe baa ta Orr ca,a, xtuX W tayrAae atustasa ta lb, aaata at tbe aaartet aae1 tm emtiarara. iasrabk alarta.nea. aad aaWcted cn lailj kcaa, aad ia htia; iamaanl ty errry (traaatr. E. J. NORTHRUP 3L CO Caraer of Ttrat aat Xala Streets, rORTLAXD, ORECOX. 10 LE AGENTS FOR TU t.SUVALLKU ST1ND.VKD .1X8 ESTET 0Kil5S, rx V TREXnCE COL. Xey tAcaleni. rorllarI.OrTCi. JOHN H. WOOBRUM. CIOAR XA-UFACTUREK, I XO MLUJtt IX FIXE HAVAXA CJOARS. C2 A svettrv ad the be braa-a al Cbeaatc aad 1jtoW. XaCbaaaeliajitoytJ. Xe. S3 riral Xleeet. rarllaaO. Or. BURTON HOUSE, Oarnrr Third aal f'tttrve-ba, Xaar tbe SleiarcMp laadmc, aad. RaltrtaJ ttapM, POKTUVXD. ORECOX Lrjwlstoii & Fretlaa, lrrietrs (Ui rfOGan cuU Homc.) WO spar, pa!" tsrenae to aakt UaW law THE BEST MOTEZ. IX IeRTLAr. A BELL, 167 and 169 First JStrect Portliada Orcfo. No.