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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Oct. 8, 1922)
THE OREGONIAN WILL INSTALL GIGANTIC RADIO PLANT Powerful Broadcasting 5 M.A. 'lOO M A. i PUSH .8UTTCN - TC&T JACKS, ; battery scxks -. g.- T - v 5 77b. 7 SpeecJi 7?rjzt- AzttpJlSxe' H ELLO, all ships and sta tions This is radio KGW TheOregonian's new 500- watt station. Stand by for the pro gramme . . . ." When this call is sent out into the "ether" a few weeks hence, by the operator in The Oregonian clock tower, a new broadcasting service will have been inaugurated in the Pacific northwest. - Station KGW already has en deared Itself to thousands of radio fans living within a 500-mile radius of Portland. With an output of only 60 watts a very small fraction of an electrical horsepower the tiny set of The Oregonian has broadcast ever since its installation in March, 1921, excellent entertain ment three or four nights during each week. A host of radio friends living in every state west of the Rockies have enjoyed the pro grammes, and reported their grati fication by countless letters. Now the radius will be widened greatly. Half & continent and half an ocean will be reached by powerful vibra tions that will be set up by The Oregonian's new equipment. Homes where dwell those who lead lonely lives miles apart from their fellowmen will be reached and brightened by The Oregonian radio service. Far out at sea, voyagers will keep in touch with the world they have left through the events sent out from The Oregonian tower. The Oregonlan's new broadcast ing station will be unique in many respects. Designed and installed by Western Electric engineers, it wili cover a region from 1000 to 1500 miles in every direction of the com pass, and under favorable condi tions it probably will be heard at much greater distances. It reasonably can be expected that as soon as the new service starts, this section of the northwesf1 will awaken to the value of radii and soon show an increase of re ceiving stations. With the strong impulses sent out through the air, a greater refinement of reception will be had than at present, where only low-power stations are heard The use of high amplification, which is not only costly but tends to dis tortion of the broadcasts, no longer will be necessary within a range of several hundred miles. A single audion tube used as a COLUMBIA RIVER DISCOVERY ' COVERED IN PRIZE ESSAY Grants Pass High School Student Tells of Several Early and Unsuc cessful Attempts by Explorers. The aecetnpanyinff essay was written by Mlia Dorothy Clapp of Grants Fasa and won the first prize of $00 In the Uefckmen conteat conducted by the Ore eron Hiatorical society. The subject of the essay is "The Discovery of the Co lumbia River." BY MISS DOROTHY CLAPP, Hirh School, Grants Pass, Or. INTEREST in the Columbia river is Increased by studying not only Its actual discovery, but by Investigating some of the early un successful attempts to discover it. The efforts to find the river of the west were linked closely with the search' for the northwest passage through North America and with other explorations by men such as Ferelo, Juan de Fuca, Heceta, Cook. Jleares, Vancouver and Gray. Nearly all of these men realized that there must be some great inland water way, for they had evidence of it, but nearly 800 years of exploration elapsed before Gray proved the ex istence of the stream. The man who first published a story of the western waterway was Gasper Cortereal, a Portuguese nav igator. In 1500 he claimed to have sailed through a narrow channel westward from the coast of Labra dor into the south sea. This pas sage was called by him Anian. From other romantic voyages and imag ined discoveries, too. the idea of a possible water route grew and the explorers soon nought the Straits of Anian as the longed-for passage. A search for the eastward opening of the passage was carried out by the British soon after Cortereal published his story, and it was with high courage that the Spanish first sought the westward opening in the Pacific, in the early part of the 16th century. The Spanish, for several reasons, wished to explore the Pa cjflo coast tb.orSugh.ly. Ther had Set Designed to Cover Radius of About 1500 Miles 2 A. RHEOSTAT FOR :(. AMENT 3 20! WACUL.M tube (Tvre r ' ?0 A VA:'I (M ruse type: V J VOLUME CONTROL is PWEOSTAT TCi LAMENTS i AND Z RHEOSTAX FOR T P.AWSM:TTE.K detector, and perhaps one sta&e of amplification and a telephone re ceiver attached to the sound cham ber of a phonograph, will bring The Oregonian entertainments with per fect reproduction. To obtain ideal operating condi tions for the new station, a suite of rooms is being prepared on three floors of the clock tower. Every means of insuring suitable acoustic properties is being taken. The chamber in which the entertainers sing, speak or play ' will have it walls heavily shrouded beneath layers of draperies and its floor will be buried under the heaviest of car pets. Constant study by the West ern Electric experts has proved that to prevent the reflection of sound and to prevent the impairment of the quality of -vocal and instru mental music, such precautions are necessary. In the "studio," there will be only one piece of apparatus, the sensitive microphone. Above the clock in The Oregonian tower is a room which is being fitted up as the apparatus cham ber. Both transmitting and receiv ing equipment will be housed in this room. A feature of the West ern Electric up-to-date station is that it is built in units, or panels In the apparatus room will be the transmitting panel, power panel input amplifier panel and monitor ing receiver, antenna relay control and radio receiving devices. Below the studio another room is being prepared for use as a recep tion room for the entertainers. All these rooms will be connected with intercommunicating devices, so that instant and permanent communica tion can be obtained between them - The main radio transmitter of the equipment will be oontained in a large black steel pshinAt wto-fe- ing a ton, in which will be installed f tne big 250-watt vaouum tubes, filters, relays, resistances and othel auxiliary apparatus which make possible modern radio communica tion. Four 250-watt and one 60-watt vacuum tube will be used in trans mitting. These tubes, which have an oxide-coated filament, insuring maximum electrical emission, with a minimum expenditure of filament circuit power, will be mounted in the upper part of the transmitter framework, thus Insuring perfect ventilation. This transmitter -will generate been constant rivalry between the Portuguese and Spanish In explora tion, and the Portuguese had first opened the waterway to the East Indies by way of Africa. They were receiving rich returns from this dls covery, by spice trade with the Mu luceas. The Spanish wished to share in this commerce and to do this it was necessary to complete the west ern route to the orient by discover ing the wished-for strait. Explorer Dlea on Island. In 1543 Viceroy Mendoza of Mex ico commissioned Cabrillo to explore the coast northward along the pen- ixauia. v.ui uiu pitssea iearos is land and anchored in the harbor, which is now known as San Iiego. After surveying the new harbor he started north and reached aa high a latitude as SS degrees, a little north of San Francisco bay. Ho then turned southward to San Migul is land, where he died in 1543. Ferelo, the pilot, now took command and sailed as far north as the Oregon coast, about 44 degrees latitude, but he left no record of having seen a large river which emptied into the Pacific The Spanish gathered much gold to reach the latitude of C5 degrees. At a point near Point Granville they landed and went through the ceremony of taking possession of the country. Soon after this He and silver from the mines of Mexico and Peru and because of there being so much danger in crossing the Straits of Magellan, they felt secure in their trading. However, in the years 1577 to, 1588 Sir Francis Drake's buccaneering voyage took place. He appeared suddenly on the coast, having come by way of the Straits of Magellan, and plundered many Spanish ships. When his ship, "Golden Hind," was.filled to over flowing with treasure, he turned! TIIE "'tNNAWW "If, 4$. . " fJ; . sr:c Ev ' II ..,.. . 1 i I i! " 4 . s - .( I , , . . If . . - II ; t ! f) n AntH I h --! 11 : - 'w Arcji, . pt,u os lh I . 1 ! Lf 1--f;2T' ' '- . lit ' ' I I 'ClSCUfT BE4KER ' ... m I Will y':KlAJ V -issir4A:-r - -si- JfflsiSh rArr .r:i: . L.ij! y' ,rr"V t !: -1 il lfBlliiiiiillillP .' m WK8i k- : - -J ' 1 , xaL r " n ? , ' 1 " " - - " MOTOR . ' , ' -'-w ' i , low , - hioh - , r ' r". VOL TACiE. VOUTAQE . . . t ' ' ' . 1 " k" !siisi vi ' ! - '-if r v - - Szssszz" . . , . v . i I - - ' '. . h iiiiiiu';:: " . ''. . r t - " - j . . C : -w' : - " -I v - - - . : - x - ' - ' f v - f r . v .- i ,.j ' . ; radio frequency energy of 500 watts in power, . which will be sent out into the antenna, the "carrier" wave. From the microphone in tne studio" below will come the vari able voice currents of electricity. fluctuating with the sounds pro duced by the entertainer or musical instrument. Reaching the appar atus room the microphone currents will be amplified to a high degree and Impressed upon the "carrier" wave, thus modulating it in accord ance with the original sounds pro duced. The Western Electric modulating system to be used in The Oregonian set will insure, according to their engineers, the highest efficiency In clearly reproducing speech and northward for tne purpose of find ing the northwest passage, through which he wished to make his return trip. He sailed as far north as 43 degrees latitude and then turned southward without finding the ob ject of his search. Greek Discovers Strait. In 1592 Juan do Fuca, a Greek In the employment of Spain, claims to have discovered a strait about 47 degrees latitude. Upon entering this strait be sailed eastward and north for 20 days, when he came to the Atlantic. This story Is regarded as a myth by most historians, but the belief of this account led to the ex peditions of Cook. The strait en tering Puget sound now bears the name Juan de Fuca. In order to prevent more expedi tions similar to Drake's the Spanish king ordered the Mexican governor to explore and fortify the California coast. Accordingly In 1603 Vizcaino was sent with two ships to explore the coast, but the ships were separ ated and the "Fragata" in command of Martin Aguilar xran up the coast aa far as 43 degrees latitude. There he found a cape to which he gave the name Cape Blanco. From that point he followed the north westerly trend of the coast and soon found the mouth of a large river. It was probably the Umpqua at flood stage. This, he claimed, was the real western entrance of the Straits of Anian. and after this voyage nav igators searched for a great western river rather than a strait. After this voyage about 160 years passed before more discoveries were made. The Spanish and French had been nearly pushed out of eastern North America. The Rus sians also were pushing down from the north and the Spanish, fearing for their power on the Pacific, de cided on a plan of northern expan sion to strengthen their claims. The next expedition was Intrusted to Juan Peres in 1774. He sailed as far north as 54 degrees and. then turned south to Nootka har bor, which he named San Lorenzo. He also sighted the Olympic moun tains, which he named sierra de Santa Rosalia, but he left no evi dence of having seen the mouth of a great river on the Oregon coast. In 177 Captain Bruno Heceta SUNDAY OREGOXIAX, Will Keep Persons on music- and perfect modulation. A three unit motor generator set will be an Important item in the supplying of current to the fila ments and plates of the vacuum tubes. This will be installed In the clock room below the apparatus room. In the transmitting room, the operator In cljarge will control the various switches for controlling the power and push a button that will light up a lamp in the "studio." This will mean that the set is ready for operation and the entertain ment. In the transmitting room, a monitoring device will bring a re production of the sounds 'from the studio to the operator's ears. If a change in the position of the micro and Bodega sailed with Instructions ceta decided to return to California, and while running along the coast in latitude 46 degrees 10 minutes, he found himself at the mouth of a large river. He made two at tempts to enter the bay, but find ing the current too strong, he named the bay Assumption Inlet. From proof established by him this is now known to have been the Columbia river. ; The fears of the Spanish were about to be realized, for in 1776 the British government decided to send Cook to the Pacific to explore and search for a passage eastward, around the northern .extremity of North America. Cook spent two years in southern waters and then sought the coast of Oregon. Cook held his course to the north until he sailed through Behring"s Strait, but there is no record that he saw the Columbia. He reached this point in August and as It was too late In the year to carry on the search for the passage, he turned south to the Hawaiian islands, to spend the winter. While there he was killed by the natives, February 6, 1779. In 1786 La Perouse, In French In terest, sailed up and down the coast, but his voyage did not have any tangible results. In 1787 Barclay, an Englishman, discovered the entrance to the Straits of Fuca. However, he did not follow this discovery up. " Coast Well Kxplored. The Pacific coast at this time had been fairly well explored, but there still remained some land about which very little was known. This was the country which lay between Cape Flattery, a cape at the south ern side of the entrance to the Straits of Juan de Fuca on the north, and Cape Mendocino, a oape on the extreme western point of California, latitude 40 degrees, 26 minutes and 24 seconds, on the south. Captain Meares. an "English man, had first come to the Oregon coast for fur trade in 178, but in 1788 he returned again In command of the ship "Felice," under the Portugese flag. He determined to explore this strip of unknown land PORTLAND, OCTOBER Land and Sea in Touch With World Events and Also Provide Entertainment JYat-or Crejrez-rfar- Set I J, - . . I I vords. complete f phone is necessary for a better I interference with other radio oom-l ' ,11 phone is necessary for a better transmission of the entertainment, the operator will push" other but tons, lighting other lamps In the studio to signal what changes are necessary. The' amount of amplification in the microphonic circuit also will be controlled by the operator, who will know by. his monitor how much Is needed for the different types of musical entertainment. One of the latest developed re ceivers will . make It possible for the station to comply with the government regulations In regard to "listening in" at Intervals to de termine whether distress signals are- being sent or the transmitting f the station is causing .operations o and the St. Roc river, which had been named by Heceta and placed on all the early maps. On June 29, 1788. he looked at the broad en trance of the Straits of Fuca, but did not pause to explore triem. He then turned south and coming to a point 46 degrees 10 minutes latl tule, he noticed a deep bay which he considered at once to be the ob ject of his search. In attempting to enter this bay he found the cur rent to be very strong and he hauled out, giving the name Decep tion Bay to the Inlet, and. Cape Disappointment to the northern promontory. Meares claimed there was no such river as that of St. 'Roc. This bay was the one which Heceta had tried to enter. It must have been the mouth of the Colum bia. Americas Explorer Busy. It was not until this time that the Americans began to take their place in western exploration. In 1788 two American ships, the "Col umbian, commanded by John Ken drick. and the "Lady Washington," commanded by Robert Gray, sailed into Nootka harbor. After loading their ships with furs they sailed for China, traded the fur cargo for oriental goods, and returned to Boston. In 1791 the two ships set sail again from Boston for the Pi cifio coast. This time Gray com manded the "Columbia." The Spanish and the English had had some dlsDute about their re spective rights at Nootka Sound. In 1790 there had been a treaty which settled 'the dispute with a measure of amicability. As a commissioner to represent Great Britain, Captain George Vancouver had been senf out, while Bodega Quadra was the Spanish representative. Vancouver and Broughton, the second In command, searched along the Oregon coast for rivers and in lets. Vancouver, however, believed Meares was right in hie conclusions about Deception bay and so did not waste time on examining it. Cap tain Gray in the meanwhile had tried nine days In vain to enter this bay. He abandoned It for a time and, meeting Vancouver, related to him his experiences, but Vancouver coifed at (he Idea of a river and 8, 1922 Interference with other radio com munication. The .new station will comply la every manner with the specifica tions made by the department of commerce regarding the Class B broadcasting stations. At present there are only a few of these sta tions In existence. Portland will have the distinction of owning on of the first Class B stations west of the Rocky mountains. The use of a 400-meter wiM length given to the Class B stations will allow The Oregonian to broad cast during any hour of the day. The towers on top of the Ore gonian building which hold the an tenna will be moved from their position. The big lattice steel tower will be placed on top of the clock refused to make further explora tions with Gray. Gray, however. with true Yankee courage, deter mined to enter the waterway and On May 11, 1792, he succeeded la crossing the bar of the river. Ameri can energy had placed the Stars and Stripes over another source of wealth which had not yielded to the less eafrer advances of other coun tries. The river was most appro priately named the Columbia, the south elope Adams and the northern Hancock. After Gray left the Columbia he train encountered Vancouver and related to him the discovery of the river. Immediately Vancouver ai rected Broughton to enter and ex plore the Columbia. This ne oho and later united with Vancouver m an effort to discredit Gray, claiming that the American captain had not seen the river proper, but In spite of this report Gray was given the honor of discovering the Columbia. Thus the mouth of our great river was discovered. It seems that something should be written about the discovery of the headwaters of the Columbia, for the great river was discovered by land as well as by sea. Alexander Mac kenzie In 179S crossed the conti nent from the Peace river region. He a-rnjutiul the Rockies and followed the Eraser river for many miles and then cut overland to the Pacific, which he reached July 22, 1713. He hajl oroved there was no passage across North America enon or Ber ing's etralta. but he had failed to reach the Columbia river, which was the object of his Journey. Indian Guide TJaed. The first overland expedition of Americana which reached the Co lumbia waa made by Lewis and Clark. They started la the spring of 1804 from St. Louis. They as cended the Missouri river and spent the first, winter with the Mandans, a friendly tribe of Indians. On start ing again on their Journey In the spring they took with them 8aca Jawea of the Ehoshone tribe as a guide. Lewie and Clark's policy toward the Indians was always kindness and they had little trouble on their journey with, them, They, !' - ; tower, and the other now en the clock will be placed on top of the Northwestern Bank building. The new antenna therefore wili stretcM high above Its present place and across the street hundreds of feet finally reached the headwaters or the Missouri and then crossed the mountains, with many hardships. From the mountains they proceeded down the Clearwater river to the Snake and then to the Columbia, which they followed to the ocean. They spent the winter by the eea In Fort Clatsop ana reiurnea to ax. Louis la 1806. arriving there on September 21. Thus, the Oreiron coast was first sighted by Cabrillo and Ferelo. but they saw nothing of the Columbia river. They were followed by Drake. Juan de Fura and Vizcaino in 16D7. 1692 and 1603, respectively. In 1774 occurred the voyage of Peres, followed in 1775 by the voy age of Heceta. who was the first man who could prove he had seea the mouth of the Columbia. Then followed In quick succession the voyages of La Perouse, Barclay and Dixon. In 1788 Meares explored the Oregon coast, but failed to find the Columbia, and in 1791 Vancouver and Broughton examined the coast thoroughly, but they, too. failed to find the River of the Wnt Finally, on May 11, 1792. Captain Robert Gray In the ehlp Columbia, after nine days trying, entered the Columbia river and explored It for many miles. On -and. the first ex pedition overland to the Pacific was made by Mackenzie In 173. but his search for the headwaters of the Co lumbia was unsuccessful. In 1804 to 180 Lewis and Clark made their ex pedition to the Paolflc and again Sve honrtr in America br dtrovr- HAW'S ISEW CATALOG READY fcbrr MAN-ED ON RECUESf iriLL Wrtk NAME amo ADDRESS NimfrJEWELTCir-lrltY'tALXABOUf Shawns - kse sway NYciy. ny for Thousands of Fans. away. Below the antenna and di rectly underneath It will be nana; the counterpoise, or the "ground' antenna which la aaed la radio phone In place of the ordinary rround. Ing snd exploring the Columbia and Its leading tributaries from the lend. CORNS Lift Off with Fingers TOoeent hurt a Toll' froo a lrt tie Tptt" en aa achlns eorn. In stant ly that cora stop titirtlna. tkan shortly you lift It right off with flrrrs Trulyl Your drugslst eel's a tinr bet'le ef TrftMOB'' for a few cents, suffi cient to remove every fear oora. soft corn, or eorn between tne teas, and the calluses, wttnout irrKetlee. q at. Af ( mu injj