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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (June 13, 1920)
THE SUNDAY OREGOXIAX,. PORTLAND, JUNE 13, 1920 CHARLES UNLESS OREGON AWAKES SOON TO THE NEED OF SAVING THE TREES, MANY OF ITS FAMOUS SCENIC HIGHWAYS SOON WILL LOOK LIKE THIS. mm HULL OF F nin . : .. llllllllll mini iniii ' iiiiiliiuiilLi FOR Yo) r;h nJ HIT JIL i f :'. .-.5 ' -- - Itt x f , i ,i ' J j it ' . ! I . 1 1 I I II I 111 I I II I II lit II 1 Few More Entitled to Honor Than Great Inventor. LIFE PASSED IN POVERTY Whole) Bubtaer Industry Rests on ; Ilia Discovery of Process of Vulcanization. ; In a letter sent to each of the 100 'electors for the hall of fame. Colonel iJ. P. Colt, chairman of the board of directors of the United States Rubber .company, who recently formally nom inated Charles Goodyear for a place In the hall of fame, pives the follow ing succinct statement regarding the rareer anr! achievements 01 me great Inventor: "Charles Goodyear's fame rests on hie. discovery of the process of the Vulcanisation of rubber. Upon this process rests the whole rubber in dustry of today. "The annals of invention contain few more romantic chapters than those relating- to Goodyear. Con vinced that rubber was one of the most useful substances in the world, he undertook, the task of finding a way to make it serviceable. After years of effort he learned that sul phur was valuable in Its treatment hut only half solved the problem. During all his experiments he had never dreamed of applying heat, be cause even a slight desree of heat turned the substance Into a sticky, shapeless mats. Then by accident he found that a high desrree of heat was the very thing needed. After making this discovery it took him five years more to work, out a process that was satisfactory. Always In Great Want. "He was a quiet, sickly, religious man. - During the period or nls ex periments he and his family were in dire want, and only the kindness of pitying and at times scornful friends and neighbors kept them from starvation. Goodyear refused to be swerved from his objective and wres tled with his problem until he had won complete success. "When Charles Goodyear began his experiments, rubber as known to civ ilization was the crude rubber of to day. The possibilities it possessed were realized to a degree, and for tunes were bpent in the attempt to manufacture durable goods from it. But these goods were so affected by temperature changes that they were usually a total loss to the manufac turers. In cold weather they became etiff and brittle, and in summer grew eoft and sticky and lost their shape and decomposition caused them to give off an offensive odor. "Having discovered the . proper method of treatment, Goodyear, in ctead of resting on his laurels, set to work to put his discovery to prac tlcal use. In speaking of this phase of his work, his son William H. Good--year, who is curator of fine arts at .'the Brooklyn museum, said a few :.years ago: t Never Profited from His Work. '. " 'It Is a matter of record that, with rare exceptions, all the extensive ap plications of rubber (and there were more than 200 of them) were devised launched and financed by Charles Goodyear up to the point where any other business man or manufacturer could do the rest, and at that point lie invariably began to develop a new ..application. He never was a manu facturer in the strict sense, or beyond lhe early days when manufacture was .'the only means of earning money for ; experiments. " 'He never was a manufacturer for -train and never belonged to any of the , So-called "Goodyear companies," in all of which his name was simply a trade mark. Nor has any member of the Goodyear family since his death .ever been in the India-rubber busi ness, in spite of the w-ide diffusion of .the name as a trademark. - 'It lay within Goodyear's power, at .. any time after 1S44, to Identify him self with some one of the great in dustries which he successively launched, and to share by this ac tivity more largely in the enormous profits which these industries pro duced under protection of the patent laws. His greatest glory is not that he discovered vulcanization, but that having discovered it, he scorned the wealth which the discovery created, except in so far as it helped him in the nobler task of continuing to cre ate new industries.' Rubber Clothes Joked At. "The story of Goodyear's discovery of the secret that solved his problem i told nowhere in more Interesting fashion than in John Martin's recent booklet for children, 'Rubber, A Won der Story.' . " 'One day Charles Goodyear, a Con necticut hardware merchant of an In ventive turn of mind went to a store to buy a life preserver.' says this uthor. 'The only ones he could find were imperfect affairs, but they drew his attention to the study of rubber and presently he was thinking of it by day and dreaming of it by night. Kubber became a passion. He neg lected his business and grew poorer than the turkey Job kept. "'He pawned his goods and bor rowed from his friends until they dreaded to have him and his rubber talk enter their floors. He even pawned his children's books to get money for his experiments. His fam- uy jmrujy aarea wai k into a room or Bit down at a table for fear they would come upon some of his ever prosent "gum elastic." as he called it. "With an inventor's tireless pa tience and endless hope, he tried one combination after another but they all failed. He had an entire suit of rubber clothes and one of his friends once said, "Sir. Goodyear is the man you -will see walking about all dressed In rubber, carrying a. rubber purse with nothing in it." Gaining; the Great Secret. " 'Finally, in 1839, when he was mix ing some rubber and sulphur together, a, thing he had often done before, he accidentally dropped a spoonful on the hot stove. Rubber melts at such a low temperature that he had never thought of applying great heat. "'Instead of melting, as he expected It would do. it flattened out like a silver dollar. It bent and stretched easily without cracking or breaking; it alwayh snapped back to its original shape and. 6trangest of all, it was no longer sticky. ."'Apparently half the problem was solved. Whether his ne,w mixture "would stand cold he had yet to find out, so he nailed it on the outside of the door and went to bed. Probably he slept but little and was up early to find his rubber quite unaffected by tne twiu, inn us anew tnat ne nad made a real discovery and he named the process "vulcanising" after the Roman god of fire. "Vulcanizing" elmply means mixing sulphur and pure rubber and then applying heat.' " 'Charles Goodyear is entitled to rec cfruitlon, at tUis particular time be- St, 7& - - '5 p '; i VJ i 4 -if r .-'a : ; 1 i ' , 1 , '5 ti i - k nun 1 HllllllllUIIIIUIJUIlUIUlll Volume and Value THE Bethlehem Motors Corporation will export more trucks this year than any six thousand dollar truck manufacturer will build. Visualize this tremendous Beth lehem Volume and its effect on Bethlehem Value. Low sales cost, low manufacturing cost per truck. A list price that includes utmost value per cost dollar. Neither underbuilt to meet a price nor overbuilt to justify a price. Bethlehem Motor Trucks are representative of the Middle Ground that point where value is greatest. Buy your Motor Truck on Facts. BETHEHEM MOTORS CORP. AHentowB Pennsylvania 2) Ton Chassis 3 Ton Chassis The pleenrem show irrita aloas the lower Columbia river klgkw7 between Clatvop Crest and Aatorla. and there Is a Hlmllar looz Htretca between Rainier and Clataltanle where for miles the highway aoes tkroajch a deso late loerg-ed-off convtiT. In California there Is a strong- movement afoot to save the trees atonic the highways. Unless action Is taken in the Paclfie northwest soon. it. will he too late, l.ossrers are now ralnina; the beauty of the road from Seaside to Cannon Beach. In Washington the beautiful highway from Tacoma to Mount Rainier is suffering the same fate. Shall we save the trees alona; the highways, or brins tourists through desolate stretches sueh as these? cause of the Importance to present day civilization of rubber as demon strated by the tremendous growth of the rubber industry of the United States in the last decade, and more especially in tha last five years. Rubber Industry Vast. The growth of the industry in this country is best illustrated by the fol .'owing official government figures showing rubber manufactures since 1S79: 1879 $ 25. 309. 6481100!) $ 197.S94.638 ISSU 4i;.Sia.817! 1914 300.993. 7".fi 1S'.9 91l.iiiO.817i 1918 1,1-2,135,700 1904 lt,015.391- America dominates the field of rub ber manufacture Not less than 70 per cent of all the crude rubber consumed in the world is made into goods in American mills. It was the American. Charles Goodyear, who discovered vulcanization and then perfected many methods of . manufacture and it is nit too much to. say that the impetus friven to the rubber industry in the United States by his genius is respon sible in great degree for the com manding position the country holds in this field. In placing ruotcr at the service of mankind Charles Goodyear made available a substance of so many Im portant characteristics that its uses are countless. Kubber is used for some certain purposes because it stretches, for others because it is airtight and watertight, for others because it is a non-conductor of elec tricity, f r others because it has either great plasticity or great hard ness, for others because it is shock absorbing, and for others because it is adhesive. Its Manifold Uses. Rubber literally holds up the stock ings and the trousers of the world. Infants cut their teeth on it. and old age uses it in false teeth. JSitrht mil lion motorists an-l other millions of cyclists in the United Stales rldo on rubber tire that are durable, noise less and jLirtlght. Balloons of rubber float aloft, and huge submarines plow their routes beneath the ocean's sur face propol'ed by electricity stored in great rubber cell.i. PheatbAf) in rvbher. the liprhtnint makes a peaceful way through our homes, offices and factories, furnish ing light and telephone service. Div ers sink out of sight beneath the waves in rubber suits. Rubber air brake hose makes safe the travel of a nation, air-drill hose rivets our ships, fire hose protects the property , in city and town and garden hose brings nourishment to our growing plants. Kubber clothing protects against s'.orm and rubber footwear guards us against cold and wet. Ten nis balls and golf ball.? tt'd rubber cored baseballs give healthful sport to the millions. In hospitals and medical wjrk the uses of rubber are without number. To select the most important use to which rubber is put would be diffi cult. To illustrate how little the av erage citizen is likely to be informed cf soma of Its less romantic uses the following extract from a rtatemenl made by one student of the subject is given: "Of all the applications of rubber, that of packing for the steam engine Land connecting machinery appears to have been, the most important, as it has been an essential condition of the development and extended use of steam as a motive power." Use for Lamp Wick. That old round wick from the oil stove that your wife usually throws away when it burns too short. If slit in half and laid flat, makes an excel lent scrubber for the motorist to use in working the grease and grime out of his hands. If kept soaking in the cupboard in a tin with enough kero sent to keep it always moist, the wick scrubber Is available whenever need ed. It soon cleans dirty hands. The old wick will stand the hardest usage without wearing out and saves the wife's dainty towels. Lamp Shade. By painting the upper portion of the bulb of the trouble - lamp with some kind of opaque oil paint glare will be obviated and the drver can work in greater comfori and with much more accuracy. WHERE THE MONEY GOES FKAXKLIX STATEMENT SHOWS HOW EXPENSES PILE CP, Cost of Raw Material 4 5 Cents of Every Dollar; Stockholders Get Only 2 Cents. Of every dollar expended by th franklin Automobile company o Syracuse the cost of raw material, supplies and parts eats up 45 cents, according to a statement just issued by H. H. Franklin, president. Labor is paid 26 cents of every dollar in wages, this constituting th second largest item. Income added to working capital takes 8 cents. Th! represents the fund devoted to cx pansion purposes, which in turn give employment' to more labor with each succeeding year. Administration and operating ex penses of the factory uses up S cents The selling expenses attached merchandising the car is 5 cents, thi latter item including the expenses o the sales, advertising, service an traffic department. Taxes exacted by the federal an state governments, takes 4 cents, an the depreciation In property value takes Z cents more. Two cents every dollar is paid in dividends ou stock. TTse for a Mirror. In making adjustments in the dif ferential housing it is a good plan to use a small mirror, the reflection of the ring gear and pinion in this en abling the operator to work with more accuracy than the ordinary method of determining conditions b sound. The mirror should have a handle long enough to prevent its being accidentally shut into the differential. IN OUR NEW BUILDING PARK AND GOUCH STREETS I J U Ton Chassis i PjS II li Ton Chassis jj. NORTHWEST AUTO CO. A j J Distributers. II Ml (J I O? ALDER AT EIGHTEENTH 1 1 1 1 1 s i w v i ! - w- 3 t in mi linn u ii nin I Ft VI" ' Oil i n I 0 O tr V--s? S- Xr i I f mk MJ t - ' : . ' 1 1 l mi n i 1 1 ii i mi sum1 n ii "- H I Tl if I .--Slt- -;:f ? ? ' t i L PERFORMANCECOUNT1 W.IWJAl? II. KJ 'jrr 1 1 I I aW taviSBS NJatei GZ iTi J. iVW - nr -r . IF I ; ii t ss ii kvv l. m. v f i. it i I j jnunif c cinin insn i w yo r r f-i8 a iire-s i nil i. si-.i 11 t - - it; s E 31 . lit t t Et T7 1 l HI f frc" 4 d t:?ll in 1 CO IL nl tvjl 17iaL X J. UtWIO It. 1 I li IBV -A. , fl - is i 1 1 i - . - - .sjx ria - iji v . .T ifca t - -a-iraii r.Ns il lm it.v of over three tons are known as the li t n?-7J WTV II iture these models as they are designed If I t WMMf I and built especially to be genuine burden 1 1 ClkSS" t 1 11 ' Wholesale Exclusively to better serve the trade We have moved to our new building at Park and Couch streets, where we will endeavor to serve you better. than ever before from this our permanent home.- We appreciate the business .favors the trade is ex tending us at this time. It is our ambition to main tain" this confidence. . ' No change in phone numbers. Three direct lines. Call Broadway 277 Wiggins Company, Inc. FORHERIT ARCHER A WIGGINS COMPAIS'Y PARK AND COUCH STREETS, PORTLAND, OR. Everyone knows that to "pick up" a heavy load requires a sturdy clutch. The clutch used in Mack AC models i3 designed and built especially for MACK heavy-duty trucks in the Mack fac tories. There could hardly be a simpler effi cient clutch. It is of the single disc type and entirely inclosed within the fly wheel. It is oilless and without ad justment. Instead of a disc the full diameter of the clutch faced on both sides, as is the usual construction, in the MACK AC clutch, the facing, made of thermoid, 13 attached at its inner circumference to the disc, which is of flexible metal and riveted to a splined hub carried loosely on the clutch shaft end. The friction surface of the friction ring is therefore perfectly smooth, being without rivets. Next:. Provision for Driver Mack-International Motor Truck Corporation Tenth and Davis Broadway 691 1 1 Trsitt". TnU Do Not Fight Rims IOCKED in a Grip of Steel four J endless cables bind Federal Tires permanently-secure to wheel rims. This fundamental of construc tion,, exclusive to Federal 'Tires, makes impossible the creeping- of tires in the grind of travel. The word keeps spreading that Federal Tires do not rim-cut or blow out above the rim. Let the wear come where it be longs against the treads alone buy Federal Tires and get the max imum mileage for your dollars. The Federal Rubber Company Faxtorie. Cu dally, Wisconsin DEALERS Write for exelnstve proposition If we are not represented 1b your town. WEAVER TIRE COMPANY Oregon Vulcanizing Co. S33-33.1 BIRKSSIDK AT BROADWAY Telephone Broadway 379 . i r T IT t T t I