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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Aug. 30, 1914)
THE SUNDAY OREGOyiAlf. PORTLAND, AUGUST 30. 1914. 6 PORTRAITS OF 34 OF THE 66 CARDINALS NOW IN SACRED COLLEGE r - 1 P-T I I 1 POPE NAMED 'MID UTMOST SECRECY Cardinals Attending Conclave Are Kept Under Lock and Key During Voting. Mi 32 33. CEREMONY INSPIRES AWE After Election New Pontiff Is Es corted Through Numerous Im pressive Services and Then His Blessing Follow. ROME, Aug. 28. Although tha lawa governing the conclave by which his successor will be chosen were simpli fied by the late Pope Plus X. the cardi nals of the sacred college still are sur rounded by extremely strict rules. The election is held in the . strictest secrecy, and is attended with awe-inspiring prayers and ceremonials. The conclavists are walled up in that part of the Vatican set aside for their use. and the 600 chambers that are devoted to their entertainment and that of their suites are accessible from the other part of the palace only by means of the Ducal Hall, on the second floor, which will be the antechamber of the conclave. Each cardinal la permitted to take Into the conclave a secretary and a man-servant. Two doctors, a Burgeon, a druggist, a mason, a locksmith and various other attendants form the household of the conclave. t (immunisation Is Impossible. While taking no part In and having no hint of the proceedings about them, these persons are closeted with the cardinals during the days of ballottlng and are unable to communicate with the outside world. The locks are made fast by four differently designed keys. After being shut up all the cardinals and conclavists assemble in the Pauline chapel, where the cardinal dean admin isters to each the oath of secrecy, and after a short exhortation and prayer all p are sent to apartments. The attendants and servants are also sworn to secrecy. The usual papal throne has been re moved from the chapel, and the altar on which six candles are burning is decorated with a red antependium. On the gospel side of the same is a gilt chair, placed on the platform for the use of the successful candidate, who will sit there to receive the first hom age of -the cardinals. Around the altar, forming a large square, are placed the seats for the cardinals, each under a green canopy. These canopies are so made that by pulling a cord they can easily be .low ered, which is done immediately after the new pope has accepted the election. Controllers of Vote Chosen. As soon as the cadinals assemble thev e'ect three of their number to act the part cf scrutatores (that is, con trollers of the vote), and three others to act as infermieri (thai is, a commit tee to take the vote of any cardinal who might be ill in his apartment). These committees are appointed by extracting from a purse a certain num ber of wooden balls, on each of which the name of a cardinal is written. These balls are taken from a table perforated with 70 holes, on which the balls must remain until placed in the purse every morning, leaving on the table only the balls representing the absentees and infirm cardinals in plain view of all the members of the sacred college. As soon as these two committees are appointed, each of the cardinals present proceeds to write his ballot, unless he had done so already in his apartments. When each cardinal has written and sealed his ballot he folds it again in three places horizontally, so as to pre clude the possibility of any one. seeing for whom he has voted, and then the ballots are placed in a large chalice of silver or gold, which has been previous ly placed upon the altar of the chapel. The cardinal dean takes his folded ballot between the thumb and forefin ger of the right hand, which he keeps raised above his head so that all the cardinals may see it. proceeds to the center of the altar and, kneeling on the platform, with his right hand still raised, recites a short prayer. Rising, he swears as follows, so that all may hear him: I swear before Christ the Lord, who is to judge me. that I am electing one whom I ought to elect according to God, and the same I shall do at the vota of accasalon." Feeble Cardinals Aided. Then he mounts the platform and places the ballot on the paten and uses 1, Cardinal Martinelll; -, Cardinal Gib Cardinal Farley! 5, Cardinal Bourne; Volpe; 8, Cardinal Bauer; 9, Cardin 11. Cardinal Falconio; 12, Cardinal D Cardinal Boschls 15, Cardinal Vlsar im,o.n!r: is. Cardinal Gasparrl; 1 21. Cardinal Agllardl; 22. Cardinal R Cardinal Priaeo; 25. Cardinal Ixqu Anselo dl Fletro 38, Cardinal Lore Cardinal l.unJcii: 31, Cardinal Vann dlnal Maffl; 34, Cardinal Caaaetta. bona; 3 Cardinal Merry del Val; 4, 6, Cardinal O'Connell; 7, Cardinal Delia al V. Vannntelll; 10, Cardinal BUletti ubillard; 13, Cardinal Baellierl; 14, yi 16. Cardinal Caflano; 17, Cardinal 9, Cardinal Farrarl; 20, Cardinal Gottl; lnaldlnli 23, Cardinal RR-helmyi 24, e; 20, Cardinal Cavallarl; 27, Cardinal nxelll; 39, Cardinal Francica-Nava; 30, nielli; 32, Cardinal Lorenzelll; 33, Car- . i . oiio iiin vote into the mo uaicu fcv ........ chalice in plain view of all the other cardinals. , After him, the three cardinals who .i .i.. vii. cf the sick are al lowed to be the first to vote, and then every one in order or preceaence. n cardinal should be too feeble to go throuli the ceremony, one of the scru tatores does It tor mm sworn. . . v,-. ono through the Alter phii . - same form of writing, folding and seal ing his ballot, ne tanes ,,: and places his ballot through the slit in the box. Then the cardinals return to the chapel, carrying the wooden box. which they place on i ' . s. in, o Vov thev place tne banotsVne by one on the" paten and slide them into tne rami When the votes have all been collect ed and the ballots placed in the chalice the three cardinals controllers of the vote (scrutatores) bring the chalice to the large table, at which they s it fac ing the assemblage and with their backs to the altarr One of them mixes the ballots in the chalice and another takes them, one by one, to count them and places them in another large chalice. . . . . One of the three cardinals takes the ballots, one by one, unfolds them in the center, and. after reading the name of the candidate only, passes it to tne second, who looks at it before giving it to the third. The latter takes each ballot and reads aloud the name of the candidate, while each cardinal in the conclave writes down each vote on a blank form already provided on the small tables. Fraud Is Prevented. If two ballots bearing the same can didate's name are found folded togeth er, they count for one only, according to the rules, but If they bear two dif ferent names, they are not counted at all so as to prevent fraud. After all the vote is counted the ballots are threaded with a needle on a cord and laid on the table until after the ac cession. The accession is a kind of second vote, given by each cardinal in order to increase the chances of the favorite candidate by adding to his number of votes. It is done with a blank ballot bearing the word "Accedo" and the name of the cardinal favorite is writ ten afterward. As soon as this ceremony is per formed the two first cardinal deacons proceed to the seat of the new Pope and Invite him to come to the sacristy to be arrayed in the robes usually worn by the pontiff. They escort him there, where his private secretary and his attendant have already been summoned to meet and congratulate him, and they help him to don the white cas sock and ornaments of his new dignity. As soon as the announcement of the election is made the doors of the con clave are thrown wide open, and the marshal and the maggiordomo, togeth er with the inside and outside employes of the conclave, are admitted to the chapel to kiss the feet of the new pope. If any of his relatives are present in Rome, they have already been sum moned, and are admitted to the chapel to tender their congratulations and homage. Veatmenta Are Splendid. Then the new Pope proceeds to the Hall of Paramenti, where he is ar rayed in all the splendor of the pon tifical vestments, and, wearing the mitre, instead of the triregnum. If he is a bishop. Is again escorted to the Slstine chapel where he Is placed on a cushion upon a table in the center of the altar for the second decoration, which is made by all the cardinals, wearing red vestments, with the cere monies as the first. The third adoration takes place in the Church of St. Peter at present with closed doors, and then the new Pope may proceed if he wishes to the log gia to give his first blessing to the assembled populace. Leo XIII did not give his first blessing on the outside, but from the inner window of the log gia to the people who had been admit ted by ticket to the church. This ceremony ends the conclave proper. The new Pope selects his apartments from the many in the Vatican palace, and each of the cardinals returns to his home to prepare for the great cere mony of the coronation and consecra tion, if the new Pope should not hap pen to be already a consecrated bishop. War Closes Knitting Plant. WAKEFIELD, Mass., Aug. 29. The Harvard Knitting Mills, employing more than 1000 hands, announced today that the plant would be shut down for a month because of inability to ob tain materials from abroad. AMERICAN POPE IS BARE POSSIBILITY Italian Successor to Piux X, However, Is Considered More Probable. OBSCURE MAN MAY RISE Dlomede Falconio, Citizen of United States, Is One of Numerous Can didates Expectant Ones Are Not Considered Iikely. ROME, Aug. 29. The old Roman proverb that the man entering the conclave expecting to be Pope always leaves as a cardinal, is being recalled COLLEGE OF CARDINALS MORE INTERNATIONAL THAN AT ANY TTME IN HISTORY. ROME. Aug-. 29. The full membership of the Sacred College of Cardinals, which elects the Pope, la more International fn Its representation than at any time In the history of the church. With the creation of 13 new cardinals last May, Pope Pius X brought the college up to 66, only four leas than the maximum number allowed under the laws of the church and three more than participated In his own election in 1903. when there was a record attendance of 63 cardinals. While the Sacred College is not a representative body in a strict sense of the word, this year nearly all the countries are represented in it South Amer ica, the United States, Canada, England. Ireland. Holland. Belgium, Portu gal, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy. France and Spain 14 nations In all. The full membership of the Sacred College at present, in the order of rank, is as follows. Zeraphln Vannutelli, bishop of Porto and Santa Rufina. Italian, 1SS7. Anthony Agllardl. chancellor bjshop of Albano. Italian, 1896. Vincent Vannutelli, bishop of palestrina. Italian. 1887. Francis de P. Cassetta, bishop of Sablna, Italian. 1899. Catejan de Lai, secretary of Consist orial Contrregatlon, Italian, 1907. Joseph Sebastian Neto. patriarch of Lisbon. Portiruese." 1884. James Gibbons, archbishop of Baltimore. American. 1SS6. Angelo di Pletro, professor prefect datary. Italian. 1893. Michael Logue. arcchblshop of Armagh, Irish. 1893. Claudius F. Vascary, president archbishop and primate Hungary, Hunga rian. 1893. George Kopp. prince bishop of Breslau. German. 1893 Andrew Ferrari, archbishop of Milan. Italian. 1894 Jerome of Gottl. represents the Carmelite Order. Italian. 1895. Dominic Ferrata, prefect of the sacraments. Italian, 1896. Joseph Prlsco. archbishop of Naples. Italian. 1896. Joseph di B. Franclsca-Nava, archbishop of Catania, Italian, 1899. Augustin Richelmy. archbishop of Turin. Italian. 1899. Sebastian Martinelll, prefect of Rites. Italian. 1901. Leo de Skrbensky, archbishop of Prasue. Bohemian. 1901. Julius Boschi. archbishop of Ferrara. Italian. 1901. Bartholomew Bacilleri, bishop of Verona. Italian. 1901. John Katschtnaler. archbishop of Salzburg, Austrian. 1908. Raphael Merry del Val, secretary of state. Spaniard, 1903. Joachim de Albuquerque Cavalcantl Arsoverde. archbishop of Rio de Janeiro. Brazilian. 1905. Aristides Cavallari, patriarch of Venice. Italian. 1907. Arlstldes RimaldinI, nuncio Madrid. Italian. 1907. Benedict Lorenzelli, archbishop of Lucca. Italian. 1907. Peter Mafft. archbishop of Pisa, Italian. 1907. Alexander Lualdt. archbishop of Palermo, Italian. 1907. Deslderatus Mercler, archbishop of Mallnes. Belgian. 1907. Peter Casparri. titular bishop of Cesar ea dl Palestina, Italian, 1907. Louis Henry Lucon, archbishop of Rhelms. French. 1907. Panllnus P. Andrieu, archbishop of Marseilles. French. 1907. S. M. Cos y Macho, archbishop of Valladolld. Spaniard. 1911. Dlomede Falconio. apostolic delegate at Washington. Italian, 1911. Anthony Vlco. titular bishop of Phillppi, Italian. 1911. Gennera dl Belmonte Granito Plquatelll. ex-nuncio of Vienna. Italian, 1911. John M. Farley, archbishop of New York. American. 1911. Francis Bourne, archbishop of 'Westminster. English. 1911. Francis S. Bauer, archbishop of Olmuetz, Hungarian, 1911. L. A. Anette. archbishop of Paris, French. 1911. William H. O'Connell, archbishop of Boston. American. 1911. Santos Henry Almaraz. archbishop of Seville. Spanish. 1911. F. V. Dubillard. archbishop of Chambrev. French. 1911. Francis Mary da Cabrusres, Rovene, archbishop of Montpeller, French. 1911. Charles de Hornlg, bishop of Veszprlm. German. 1912. Francis Delia Volpe, prefect of Vatican, archives, Italian, 1901. OttaUus de A. Caglano, major doroo. Italian. 1905. Cajetan Blsleti. Papal major domo. Italian. 1911. John Baptist Lugari, assessor of the Holy Office. Italian. 1911. Baalllus Pompeii, secretary of Cong. Council. Italian. 1911. Louis Billot, of Jesuit Order, French. 1911. -William Van Rossuim. redemptorist. Belgian. 1911. Louis Nazalre Begin, archbishop of Quebec English. 1914. V. Guisasola y Mendez, archbishop of Toledo. Spaniard. 1914. Domenico Seraflni. assessor of the Cong, of the Holy Office, Italian, 1914. Delia Cblesa. archbishop ot Bologna. Italian. 1914. John Osernock, archbishop of Esztergom, Hungarian, 1914. Francis von Bettlnger, archbishop of Munich. Bavarian. 1914. Felix von Hartmann, archbishop of Cologne. German. 1914. F. G. Ptffi. archbishop of Vienna, Austrian. 1914. Hector Irenee Sevln. arthblshop of Lyons, French. 1914. t Phillip Glustinl. secretary .if the Cong, of the Sacraments, Italian, 1914. Michael Lega, dean of the tribunal of Rota. Italian. 1914. Scipio Tecrhi, assessor of the Conslstorial Congregation. Italian, 1914. Francis Aldan. Gosguet. president of the English Benedictines, English, 1914. -When complete, college numbers 70 cardinal bishops. 8: cardinal priests, 60: cardinal deacons. I t. as the college of cardinals assembles to choose a successor to the late r-ius a. The patriarch of Venice himself neither sought nor expected the elec tion in 1903, and his successor may quite as likely be found outside those who have been most talked of 4s the next pope. That he will be an Italian has been regarded as almost a certainty, for the state of affairs throughout Europe is said to make it more desirable than ever that the church should not part from its traditions. But there is. from the American side, a possibility that the tradition might still be maintained and at the same time an American citi zen be elevated to St. Peter's throne. This would be in the case of the elec tion of Diomede Falconio, Italian by birth, who was for many years a mis sionary in America and then papal delegate to the United States, and who became a naturalized American citizen during his residence abroad. Possibilities Are Many. Cardinal Falconio is, however, only one of several logical candidates and only one of many possibilities. There is little authority for speculat ing on the chances of the many candi dates. Following are some of the names that have been mentioned, with brief biographical data: Cardinal Serafino Vannutelli, the dean of the Sacred College, was born a year earlier than the late pope, but at 80 he is still young in years in com parison with a number of his col leagues. In reality, however, he has aged greatly since 1903, when he was talked of as a successor of Pope Leo XIII. Today he is almost blind, stone deaf! and in such a low state of health generally that he has been less seri ously discussed at the present time. The Vannuteiil family is the only one which has two members in the Cardinalate. Vincent Vannutelli, a brother of the dean, is quite as promt-" nent. Under Pius X he held the pre fecture of the Apostolic signature, which is "the court of last appeal" in all questions relating to marriage un der the Catholic laws. He is now 78 years old and doubtless he is well re membered in the United States, where he was greeted by thousands of Cath olics in many cities during his tour of that country in 1910. On this tour he delivered an address at the conse cration of St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York. Martinelll Well Known. Cardinal Martinelll is even better known in the United States, where he was papal delegate from 1896 to 1902, previous to tf' -Service of Cardinal Falconio at Washington. He is 66 years old and under Pius X he was prefect of the Congregation of Rites. Cardinal Agllardl, the sub-dean of the Sacred College, is the oldest among those who have been mentlnoled as possibilities. He is now in his 83d year, so that consideration of his name could not be taken seriously without involv ing the danger of a short Pontificate. Cardinal Gotti. who is also a year older than was the late Pope, was one of those prominently mentioned as a successor to Leo XIII when it was urged both" for him and against him that he was a strict conservative churchman, said to be opposed to lib eral views as exemplified in America. He is the son of a dock laborer in Gen oa. Under Plus X he was prefect of the congregation for the propagation of the faith, a most influential posi tion in earlier days, but less Import ant since the strictly missionary lands have become less numerous. Gasparrl Compared With. Leo. Cardinal Gasparrl has been held In high regard for his learning. He is the most eminent of the church can onists, having lately completed the co dification of the canon law of the church, an orderly arrangement of the entire body of laws. If elected, it is said he would be another Leo XIII. Cardinal Maffi, the archbishop of Pisa, was once u newspaper man. He is a noted astronomer and has written many volumes on the subject. He is a native of Corteolona and is in his 55th year. Pius X frequently invited him to Rome to remain in an official capacity, but the people of Pisa begged him to stay with them and he heeded their plea. Cardinal irerraia, secretary ui iuc Congregation of the Holy Office, is in high favor among the theologians. It has been said he would be the nearest possible duplication of the late Pon tiff. He is in his 66th year and one of the few surviving members of the col lege raised to the cahrlnalate by Leo XIII. MALLARDS HATCH LATE Iudlans Predict Mild Winter AVhen Ducks Nest In August. SHIVER LAKE. Or.. Aug. 29. (Spe cial.) Indians from the Klamath res ervation predict a mild Winter in Cen tral Oregon, basing their forecast on the late nesting of mallard ducks. Usually the mallards bring their broods from the nest not later than July 1. This year, however, the marshes and lakes of Harney, Lake. Klamath and Malheur counties are dotted late in August with thousands of broods of little ducklings. Some of the ducks, say the Indians, are producing two broods, having miscalculated the sea Bon and hatched ona flock In Juna. An Auction Special! Some manufacturing company can get this now at a snap. WHAT ARE WE OFFERED ? Railway Factory Site 200 Feet on O.-W. R. & N. Switching Facilities With All Railroads Property 200x290x238x200 Comprising 11-7 Acres MAIN BUILDING- Two-story reinforced con crete, 42x160 feet. Concrete lower and upper floors and roof of heavy mill construction. WINGS 42x70 ft. Mill construction, covered with metal lath and cement plaster. Small wing, 12x16, solid concrete construction; one story. BOILER HOUSE 16x16, solid concrete, in cluding roof. CARPENTER SHOP 20x30 ft., wood con struction. Buildings are wired for electric power. City gas for use in mechanical work, blast furnaces, etc. Well lighted; windows occupy entire wall space. Solid reinforced concrete vault. Steam heated. Property is all in first-class condition not over 3 years old. COST $34,000 40 other bargains will be offered at auction at Portland Hotel, Sept. 10 and 11. Ask for illustrated catalogue. Fred A. Jacobs Company Auction Department 269 Washington St. in conjunction wita . u. jwu vu., k.-v. GLUTTED MARKETS FEARED BY SHIPPERS European Safety Valve Cut Off by War and Lowest Price of Fruit Seen. CANADA, TOO, IN DANGER Boxes ot Dominion Apples, Nearly 4,000,000 ot Them, to B Sent Senrrylng for Seles About American Houses. vrm vnHK- Auar. 29. (Special.) The war in Europe has thrown tha fruit market into a decidedly unsucu state. Europe has not bought a large per centage of the apples and pears pro duced in the United States, but has . ..... xvM.-h BtSfSBtM ORen a amci ,.... . . . the price from falling too low. When- , i v . . . . VnrV And ever tne mameis " T other large Eastern cities became clogged, exporters would relieve me situation by snipmoni if the price was not to the immediate advantage of the grower. The turning of nearly 4.000,000 boxej of Canadian apples onto the markets of this country is another serious fea ture of the war. Markets Affected by HU" Ratea. The South American markets are not directly affected by the war. but there la considerable anxiety among the re ceivers and brokers as to what the In direct effect will be. A raising oi freight rates and cancellation of orders for a number of carloads of apples are apparent indications that their alarms are not unfounded. w. ,w- "It is impossible to predict what the back-hand effect of the war will be In South America. English and German interest are heavy In South America, says Arthur Rule, manager of the North American Fruit Exchange. "George C. Gaede, export manager of the Northwest Fruit Exchange, Is In Brazil now arranging sales agencies there. He has already established con. nectlons in Argentine and other of the South American countries. "We have a serious situation to meet. Conditions are so unsettled that no predictions can be made as to how the grower will fare. All I can ay is that we are prepared to make the moat of any rift that appears in the clouds." Barttett Peara Favored. The demand for Bartlett pears at the auction rooms is good, although the price remains at an average K ILN a box The bulk of the California crop has either arrived or is in transit. The most hopeful sign In the pear situation is that speculators are buying the New York Bartletts at 2 centa a pound for canning. This is leaving the fancy market to the Oregon, California and Colorado pears. The speculators are placing the pears in cold storage, intending to hold them to suit the con venience of the canneries. "The war has put a stop for the pres ent to speculation in apples and indi cations are that there will be little out right buying."" says J. H. Steinhardt, of Steinhardt & Kelly, who has been the largest buyer of Northwestern apples. "Five hundred boxes of pears and 1008 boxes of apples were shipped to Eu rope last week as compared with io carloads or fruit (IS, 000 boxes) during the corresponding week last year. 1 have Just had orders for 20 carloads oi Winter pears cancelled by my European buyers. This shows why speculator are not buying. Unr Zone Want No Apple. "England will take practically no apples. Even if the war Is of short duration, all the money will be needed to buy necessities. Germany, our larg est customer. Is not to be considered Heretofore Germany ha sold North western apples to Southwestern and Russian Europe." Pendleton Tourist Returns. PENDLETON, Or.. Aug. :9.(8pe. clal.) Or. Frank Boyden and hl wlfs have just returned from an extended tour of the principal cities of Europe Ha had a large amount of money If drafts in his pockot. but had only 21 cents in cash when he embarked al Southampton. He returned In th steerage, accompanied by millionaire He was arrested by mistake for beating a hotel bill In London, but was released with profuse apologies by the Scotland Yard detectives when the error was discovered. KfflM We Give S. ft H. :RM ES3j Trading Stamps. Egj9 Your Shoes are a most uu"rtanl part of your dress. They must be at tractive in appearance comfortable correct in style and made of hurh grade leather to insure long ervie and hold their shape and sell at moderate price. Your every Shoe requirement will be answered to your perfect satisfac tion when you buy them of us. Rosenthal's 129 10th bet. Washington and Alder Correctly Out Fall Suits, Worth $30.00, $13.65 . I Have Quit Max Michel Upstairs 4th and Washington f