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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Feb. 2, 1913)
10 WELL BRED HENS MAKE GREAT Oregon Agricultural College Produces Chickens Which Lay 200 Eggs Each Year, Vss ' REGOM AGRICULTURALi COL- LEGE, Corvallis. Feb. 1. (Spe- clal.) A proud and pompous yours bird named "Number Three Hundred Forty-Two." the son of Mrs -V Twenty-Seven." and whose grand mother, on his father"s side, was th old dowager known to her friends as "O. Thirty-Four," recently changed h.s residence and his allegiance from the Oregon Agricultural College to the farm of Frank Billings, at Ashland The event, though all unheralded, was of considerable significance to a great industry of Oregon, and his ancestors, despite their ordinary names, are many National figures with repu tations for achievement. So the white Jeghorn cockerel, for such he was, had cause to be proud and pompous. With the color or romance all squeezed out of it, the same incident might be described as follows: On January 4, 1913. a white leghorn cockerel, bred from the best laying strain that has been produced in the United States, was sent to a prominent farmer living near Ashland to be used In breeding up the llcn-ks in that com munity for high egg laying characteris tics. This was one of more than 50 which have been distributed over the state by the Poultry Department of the College. liens A vera Be TS Kggn Yearly. The full significance of this work can be appreciated better when It is ' recalled that the poultry products of Oregon farms, according to the 1S09 census, were valued at (4,330,000. An average hen, according to Professor Tryden. lays about 75 eggs per year. The poultry department bred a hen two years ago that laid 259 eggs in a year, the highest authentic egg record in the United States at that time. At the station during the past year one pen of fowls, bred from hens that laid over 200 eggs, each averaged 220 eggs in the 12 months. The irresistible con clusion is that millions of dollars may be added to the wealth of the state by breeding fowls for high production. x. -reover, these millions may be added to the wealth of the state in such manner as will be most helpful. That if, they will be added to the profits of the farmer, and. at the same time, there will be a reduction in the cost to the consumer. The breeding experiments, which 'have been carried on at the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station by Professor Dryden and which demon jtrate the possibility of increasing the average egg yield by proper selection. have been pronounced by one of the greatest, authorities in this country "the best in America." But Professor Dryden is not satisfied with' merely proving a scientific fact; he wants the state to realize the complete benefit which his discovery has made possl ble. It is to accomplish this latter purpose that cockerels and eggs from the heavy laying strains arc now being distributed among the farmers and poultry raisers of the state. I p to the present date the limited facia ties for this work at the college have made it impossible to raise a sufficient number of heavy laying hens to furnish the necessary eggs or to breed the necessary cockerels. A poultry breeding farm is necessary. LeiclBlaturc Aiikril to Aid, The present Legislature is being petitioned to appropriate funds for the purpose of buying land for a poultry farm and to add to the meager equipment. "With sufficient land." says Professor Dryden, "we not only can conduct more successfully various important poultry experiments, but we can furnish every 3'ear two or three v thousand pedigreed cockerels to the farmers of the state to use in breeding up the laying qualities of their flocks. In a few years this would result in a jrreat increase In esg yield. It is safe to say that the Increase would equal at least Jl. 00. 000 a year." The production of eggs Is rapidly in creasing In this state but this is due principally to the larger number of fowls which are being raised both in the cities and on the farms. While this increased production will bring about a slight relief to the consumer, poultry keeping Is naturally in danger. In other words, as Professor i Dryden points out. Oregon is rapidly reach ing a point where the efficiency or egg laying capacity of the hen must be increased if poultry keeping is to be made profitable and, at the same time, the cost of poultry products to the consumer is to be made less. It has been for Professor James Dryden to solve this problem by proving be yond possibility of doubt that the egg laying capacity of the average flocks caa be very materially increased through proper breeding methods. "By proper selection of breeding s ck as much may be accomplished In five years as in 100 by old methods of breeding or lack of breeding," says a rofessor oryden. "Domestic fowls are descended from the wild jungle fowl of India, which laid about two Iozen eggs a year. After two or three thousand years of poultry-keeping, more than 25 per cent of the fowls of the country are laying no more than tlie original jungle fowl. This is largely because in the breeding of fowls little systematic or intelligent effort has been made to Increase the utility or egg-laying qualities. Tabulated Report 3ieeeMrr. "There is no known way of picking out the good layers from the ,'poor. because of any special shape or form of hen. Some-of the best looking hens are poor producers, and some of the poorest lookers are good producers. The only satisfactory means by which a record can be kept of the number of eggs laid by each hen during any specified period is to use- the trap nest. At the Oregon Experiment Sta tion we have found that the variation in the number of eggs laid by average hens of any one breed ranged from six to 259 eggs during the year. Some hens will not lay, no matter how they are fed or cared for. It is a question of breeding. It is not, however, a question of breeds, for so far as egg laviner goes there is little, if any, dif ference in the breed. There is litue purity in breeding so far as the egg laying goes in the breeds of poultry that we have today. "The average production of the fowls on the farms In Oregon, according to census, is about 75 eggs per hen. At the Oregon Station, with good care and feeding, from average flocks, we se cured a production of 125 to 150 per hen, and about 30 per cent of them do not lay enough to pay for their keep. Now, If by proper selective breeding we can eliminate the 30 per cent, that will mean a tremendous increase in the profits of the farmer. We have secured very satisfactory records the past throe years in our breeding work, and dur ing the last year especially the effect is very strongly apparent. For instance, one pen of fowls during the past year that were bred from hens that laid over 200 eggs each averaged 220 eggs in the 12 months. They were all good layers, the lowest record being 180 eggs, the highest 251. In the same pen other pullets whose mother was a poor layer but whose father was the same as those from the good layers, averaged 152 eggs. In other yards, for which the complete data has not been tabulated, the same thing is in evidence. Selection Is Used. "In our breeding work to increase egg production we are following two methods. First, by selection among our present breeds and varieties. Second, by crossing to establish a new breed or variety that will excel in laying and general utility qualities. I believe in two or three years more we can achieve the latter result. The aim is to produce first a breed having as its chief char acteristic high egg production; second. that will have better meat qualities or one that will better meet the demand of the great body of consumers than any of our existing breeds. "Aside from the breeding work, the amount of land asked for will offer favorable conditions for7 Investigating feeding problems and demonstrating methods of housing and general man agement of poultry. It will also offer valuable and necessary facilities for students of poultry husbandry to com plete their training. Students and vis itors who come to the College or Ex periment Station in search of informa tion should have the best available fa cilities for getting it, "I believe the poultry department has fully established the fact that Oregon Is a good poultry country. We have secured some of the highest authentic egg records in the United States. Year before last we secured the highest au thentic egg record in the United States up to that time. The past year in the Missouri Poultry Station in a laying competition one hen out of 650 exceed ed the record of our best hen. At the Connecticut Station during the same year in a laying competition with 600 hens no record was secured equal to ours, but in neitner state was a record pen secured equal to ours. A two-year record of 462 eggs from one hen se cured at the station is probably a world's record for two years." The poultry department at Oregon Agricultural College was established five years ago. Since that time the value of poultry products in this state has increased between three and four millions of dollars. This increase Is due in a very large measure to the work of the poultry department of the college and experiment station. Bulletins Are Distributed. The poultry department has been concerned not alone with experimental work. Thirteen poultry bulletins have been published and distributed in the state, and several of them have been renrinted three or four times. In the aggregate over 200.000 pVultry bulletins have been distributed. At live different times the department has equipped cars THE SUNDAY OBEGOXIAX. PORTLAND. v White Leghorn Cockerel J (TAW ' 7 i'J s r H..fe... S'lv V:'4-" .'SA MoiherrA Record.. 2d ycar&t.egg. f A hfl ' ' k - " :" - OS I It MSM&irfst:.. -- ' - t . , 4IW Father!. Mother.. Motherof;... Experiment Station, Corvallis, Oregon. ot.Jackfc..'.. 191.5.. which have been sent over the lines of the Southern Pacific and the O.-W. B. WOMAN TELLS HOW TO WIN OUT IN BUSINESS Miss Lily Selby Leaves Position as Assistant College Professor and by Ability and Daring Becomes One of Leading New York Photographers. Br ISABEL. STEPHEN. yISS LILT SELBY is very willing to 1 I subscribe to the axiom that with out audacity and pertinacity knowl edge Is not a force. For It was this conviction that forced her to resign an assistant professorship at Converse Col lege, Spartanburg, S. C, and found the business In New York City which has brought her fame and fortune. Miss Selby was born and raised in London. In due time she attended Lon don Unii'ersity and took her degree in science. She had also studied art in England and on the continent, so she had little difficulty in securing a posi tion. Had she been contented with the life which her parents had mapped o t iur ner sue wouiu still be teaching chemistry to more or less indifferent students in some college Instead of enjoying the work which is, to her, the most fascinating in the world, not to mention the prince ly revenue that ac crues from it. In her advice to other business wo men she is emphatic mu Uly Selby. in the .assertion that no one can make a tremendous success of work that does not irresist ibly appeal to her. "As one must give her whole heart and soul to a business to make it a success, it is logically Impossible to make a success of a business to which her heart and soul are not devoted," she said, referring to her emancipation from the recitation hall. "I realized that, although I enjoyed teaching. I should never make any great progress in it, and so after two years of that work at Converse I de cided to start out in a different career. Unless you are born with a natural gift to becone a principal, there Is no fu ture in teaching. I knew I bad not that gift and could see nothing but years and year's of drudgery in front of me. My sister was also in America. She was a musician and was also fairly successful, but we wanted to work to gether. We talkd the matter over one day 13 years ago, and decided that, as photography appealed to both of us, ilnutuiaistjkjl ; 'Cf J If 1st yeari?-.. eggs 2d year3 .eggs 3d yearfTTeggs Record.. 1st -year... -1 2d year.... j. 3d rear eggs -reg Record. -egg" SJW I it N. railways directly nearly n the state, reaching 100,000 people with we should go into business in that line. "Of course our friends were appalled. They gave us much good advice about venturing where angels fear to tread, and looking before leaping and so forth but in spite of this my sister and I leaped right into New York, and that was how the Misses Selby firm started. "At first, of course, the work was very hard for us. We did not really know much about photography. My work as an amateur had been much admired, but when it came to profes sional work, I had to face more unpar tial criticism. The only training I had ever received was under a little coun try photographer from whom I used to get points on developing and printing when I first took up amateur photo graphy. "Luckily both my sister and myself had splendid constitutions or, as we' had to work 18 hours a day very often, we would have soon gone under. Those long hours were not caused by an abundance of work, but our Inexperi ence made the work very halting, and often we spoiled a dozen prints before we got one perfect result. But we were resolved to spare no expense or energy on our work, and the result was that our customers sent their friends, and It was not long before we had quite a large clientele. We moved from the old studio in the outskirts of the city and took our present studio. Rents on Fifth avenue then, of course, were not what they are now. but still it was a big risk for us and we had a very hard struggle at first to make expenses. Still there was the exhilarating con sciousness that we were building our own business; it was our child of for tune and its maturity depended on us. As the rents rose higher and higher, so did our success and we are very well pleased with it Field Xot Crowded.. "Now regarding women to whom photography appeals and -who think that they, too, might make a big suc cess of it, I should say to them, there Is plenty of "room for them In the field. There are thousands of women photog raphers in America who have banded themselves into the Federation of "Women Photographers and ail are suc cessful, according to their reports. "Very little capital is necessary to start business as a photographer, it is not necessary to have a studio; .if FEBRUARY 3, 1913. EGG PRODUCT POSSIBLE While Average Is 75 Poultry Breeding Farm Wanted. V J J 52-: -'m, " 111 Two Jons of a text Wz&t'. poultry information. Duringrthe past three Winters attractive and unique poultry shows and demonstrations have been made during the 'farmers week, and the Winter short courses and in stitutes, in which poultry Instruction was a prominent feature, have been held in practically every section of Oregon. All of this has been an in fluential factor in the greatly increased poultry production of our state. It has been responsible in a large measure for the condition which was described in the folowing editorial taken from The Oregonian January 1: "There is cause for gratification that one lives In the outskirts where she has a garden she can hiake a very comfort able Income using her garden as her studio, and if she is artistic and pains taking with her work it will not be long before she will have all the work she can handle. If she lives in the city, there is a big field doing house work: she can have a show case at the en trance of the building in which she has her office and take orders to call at clients' houses- and take the pictures there. "If a woman is physically capable and really Interested In her work there is no limit to her possibilities. My knowledge of chemistry and art helped me very greatly and probably has much to do with my rapid success, but pho tography has developed greatly since the day when I began and all that is necessary now to win success is pa tience. A combination of talent and hard work beats genius every time. Audacity, Darlns;- Needed. "There are few persons of whom a pleasing portrait cannot be hiade. and It is within the power of almost any one who can handle a camera nowadays to make a pleasing portrait if she knows how to go about it- ' "The best training is to be had in a small establishment, 'where the begin ner learns every branch of the busi ness. In the larger studios she would be taught only one branch, and if she Intends to own a business of her own which is really the only way to go into Dhotogranhv1 to make a success of it she must learn every detail of it. For years after my sister and I went Into the work we did everything ourselves. "If a woman has good executive abil ity It is very much more satisfactory for her to start in for herself, no mat ter on how small a scale, for there are no very high-salaried positions in photography. In order to get good re turns you have got to have some audac ity and daring. It Is the lack of these qualities that account for the relatively small number of women who are very successful; they are afraid to venture but to the audacious belong the spoils." '' To Reduce Weight. Cincinnati Trituine. By dieting, exercise and baths you can reduce, but it takes time. Drink no liquids with your meals. Eat no cereals, potatoes, beans, corn, spinach, lettuce, cress, cauliflower, onions, rad ishes or white cabbage. No pork or veal. No pastry or confectionery. You may take one cup of tea or coffee with out creanVmilk or sugar one-half hour after each meal.. Every other night take a hot bath, into which put one pound of Epsom salts. Stay in the bath about 15 minutes and retire at once. Eat toasted bread only, do not sit down for a half hour after dinner, and take a long, brisk walk every day. i - i , w - n Oregon at ' last has awakened to the fact that it is not necessary to import eggs and poultry. Two years ago more than 800 carloads of eggs were shipped Into the state. In the past year exports offset imports, and in 1913 probably not a single shipment of eggs will be received. The poultry and egg output for the year is valued at $7,250,000. Back of this splendid record of achievement for the poultry work at the Oregon College there is a quiet, mild-mannered, modest man, the last In the world you would pick out as being back of such an aggressive pro gramme. But those who know Pro- CASH PRIZES OFFERED FOR "MY BEST RECIPE Woman Readers of The Oregonian Salads Will Be Topic rpHREE cash prizes of J3, $2 and Jl, 1 respectively, will be offered by The Oregonian each month for the best recipe, in different classes of dishes, submitted by skillful house keepers. Intending contestants should observe the following rules: 1. Write briefly (not less than 100 nor more than 400 words) on one side of the paper only. If severed sheets of paper are used, pin them together. 2. Give name and address of the sender, and date of writing. 3. Write first the name of the dish, then the measure of each ingredient; then give the method of treatment and necessary cautions. 4. Use only level measurements. 5. State how many people the re cipe. Is intended to serve. Contributors may explain. In a few words, the special merits of the recipe submitted. The prizes will be awarded by a committee of practical housewives and domestic science teachers, selected by Miss Lilian Tingle. The Orgonian reserves the right to print any of the contributed recipes HAIR STOPS FALLING. DANDRUFF DISAPPEARS 25-CENT "DANDER1NE" Save Your Hair! Beautify It! Invigorate Your ScalpJ Danderine Growg Hair and We Can Prove It. Try as you will, after an application of Danderine, you cannot find a single trace of dandruff or a loose or falling hair and your scalp will not Itch, but what will please you most will be after a few weeks' use, when you will actually see "hew hair, fine and downy at first yes but really new hair growing all over the scalp. A little Danderine now will Immedi ately double the beauty of your hair. No, difference how dull, faded, brittle and scraggy, just moisten a cloth with Danderine and carefully draw it fessor Duden best have come to ex pect to see some rather startling de velopments in the poultry work at rather frequent Intervals. The last innovation made by him was the Intro duction of the moving picture show tc illustrate tho problems of poultry man agement and to demonstrate better methods. Eggs Are Main Concern. The breeders of fancy poultry ar not particularly enthusiastic about Professor Dryden and his work. It doesn't make much difference to the professor whether his fowls .have the proper lines or exact color of feathers, or the proper points on their combs, nor would he even bar from the best hen. society "the biddy with a red nose." The thing that he is Interested In is the number of eggs that his hens can lay and the amount of meat his fowls will furnish. So while Professor Dryden Is not enthusiastically received by the poultry fanciers he has gained the friendship and confidence of the farmers and those who are raisins poultry for utility purposes. It is predicted that If Professor Dry den receives proper support in his poultry work the state will be richer by millions of dollars within the next few years. If he has his way there will be expelled from the flocks of the state the hen who doesn't earn her board: the handling and marketing of eggs will be improved so that thou sands of dollars now wasted will be , saved; poultry will pay the owner more and will reach the consumer in better condition and at a materially lower price. When this is accomplished a great Oregon Industry will be properly established. f Are Given Opportunity to Compete. for February Contest. 1 which fail to secure a prize. Manu scripts cannot be returned. In the event of the fame recipe being sent in by different contributors, the one bearing the earliest postmark will be given preference in awarding ths prize. The topic for February will be "3Iy Best Salad." The "daintiness" and "deliciousness" of any salad may be taken for granted and should not be specially mentioned in the recipe. The' writer may, however, state the sort of meal or occasion for which she con siders her salad most suitable, since all salads are not equally suitable for all occasions. A salad's "suitability" is determined not only by Its appear ance and composition, but also by what accompanies it, or by its relation to the rest of the menu. A good "even ing refreshment"' salad, for instance, might be utterly unsuitable for use as a "dinner salad." and vice versa. The contest for February closes Feb ruary 28. The winners in the "Best Winter Breakfast Dish" contest, for January, will be announced and the prlzewln ning recipes will appear February 9. through your hair, taking on smalt strand at a time. The effect Is Imme diate and amazing your hair will be light, fluffy and wavy and hav an sp-, pearance of abundance; an lncompar able lustre, softness and luxuriance the beauty and shimmer of true hair health. Get a 26-cent bottle of Knowlton'd Danderine from any drug store or tolls counter, and prove to yourself tonight' now that your hair is as pretty andf soft as any that It has been neglected, or Injured by careless treatment that'ai alL