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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Aug. 26, 1906)
6 TIIE SUNDAY OREGONIAN, PORTLAND, AUGUST 26, 1906. i Entered at the Prtoff!ce t Portland. as Beoond-Claa Matter. SUBSCRIPTION BATES. tT INVARIABLY IX ADVANCE. (By Mall or Eipress.) CAILT. SUNDAY INCLUDED. Twelve month 5'S5 Plx months ; Three montha One month - ?? Bellvered by carrier, per year ."" tiellvered by carrier, per month Les time, per week ert Sunday, one year Weekly, one year (Issued Thursday)... 1.00 Sunday and -Weeklv. one year 3.30 HOW TO REMIT Send postofflea money erdec, express order or personal check on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at the sender's risk. EASTERN BUSINESS OFFICE. The 8. C. Beckwith Special ArncT New York, rooms 43-uO. Tribune building. Chi cago, rooms 510-512 Tribune bulldlns. KEPT ON SALE. Chicago Auditorium Annex, Postofflca Kews Co., ITS Dearborn street. 6t. Paul, Mlnn.-N. St. Marie. Commercial Ctatlon. . Ilrnver Hamilton & Kendrlck. 0-JJJ Seventeenth street; Pratt Book Store. 1214 Fifteenth street; I. Weinsteln. Gnldfield, NT. Frank Sandstrom. Kansas City. Mo. Rlcksecker Cigar Co Ninth and Walnut. ., Minneapolis M. J. Karanaugh, SO Boutn Third. Cleveland, O James Pushaw. 307 Superior street. New l'orlt City L. Jones . Co., Astor House. Oakland. Cal. W. H. Johnston. Four teenth and Franklin streets; N. Wheatley. Orden D. L. Boyle. Omaba Barkalow Bros., 1612 Farnam; Mageath Stationery Co.. 130S Farnam; 2-B South Fourteenth. Sacramento. Cal. Sacramento News Co., 43H K street. , Salt Lake Bait Lake News Co.. 77 west Second street South; Miss L. Levin. 21 Church street. Los Armeies B. E. Amos, manager seven street wagons; Berl News Co.. 328 ft South, Broadway. San Dlr-go B. E. Amos. Pasadena, Cal. Berl News Co. San Francisco Foster Orear. Ferry News Stand: Hotel St. Francis News Stand. Washington. D. C. Ebbltt House, Penn sylvania avenue. PORTLAND, SUNDAY, AUGUST 6, 1906. INDIVIDUAL AND AGGREGATE. Among several other persons of emi nent renown, Dr. David Starr Jordan was requested by The Independent to tell what seemed to him the best way to spend the Sage miinons In charity. He replied in a letter -whose magis terial pomp and assured .dogmatism were characteristic of the pedagogue. He begins with a curious distinction between -what contributes to the "hap piness or force of individuals" and what contributes toward the "aggre gate wellbelng of society." Philanthropy, he says, is the love of men; and thlsi love shows Itself Jn prac tice by doing something either' for the happiness of Individuate or for the wellbelng of society. Now the point we wish, tb make is that there is no dif ference, and there can be no differ ence, between the happiness of indi viduals and the. wellbelng of society. The basic distinction which Dr. Jordan starts out -with, like so much of the reasoning of men trained in the pseudo logic of Herbert Spencer, is purely il lusory. One may admit, of course, that the wellbelng of an individual may be a detriment .to his fellow-men. Every grant of special privilege, whether of a franchise In the streets or of tariff bounty, is In essence a theft from the community; and, while it makes a few individuals flourish, it impoverishes the mass. This is evi dent enough; but how shall we have wellbelng in society as a whole without happiness in the individuals which compose it? How can we speak of, a flourishing society the mass of whose units are miserable? Toward the close of his letter Dr. Jordan contradicts his own distinction and admits that the good of the whole ultimately resolves itself into the good of individuals; though . in the middle paragraph he eays that the efforts spent on Individuals are "of the lowest Importance." What he really wishes to say is that the best use to make of the Sage millions is to found a univer sity with them; but your true Spencer Ite can never express a simple thought in plain -word6. A certain pomp of language is essential to his repose of mind. A university, he thinks, would husband the principal and spend only the income, thus making the gift per petual; while, if spent on Individual cases of need, it would soon be gone. This is true enough, of course. But whom does a university benefit 1f not individuals? It can only act upon the social aggregate by influencing stu dents one toy one. The fallacy that we can have a flourishing aggregate with miserable Individuals composing It is not pecu liar to Dr. Jordan. It is one of the most common in the world, and most pernicious. Thus, some .Oregon poli tician, whom not. one in a thousand of the inhabitants of the state ever heard of, gets an appointment In Alaska or the Philippines, and we hear the jubilant cry that "Oregon has the plum." What man, woman or child is the better for it? The only genuine way to give Oregon a plum is to do something for the 'individual Inhabi tants. . To select a certain person and heap favors upon him wrongs the masses more often than It benefits them. The petty politicians of all 6orts use the fallacy for their own benefit. When some locality revolts against boss rule, the astute master of state craft chooses a man from the rebellious quarter and puts him in office. This instantly calms the unrest, for the peo ple have received a favor. What favor? What does any one of them get out of it? France under Louis XIV contained some millions of starving serfs and perhaps two hundred thousand rich and happy priests and nobles. The world spoke then of the glory and hap piness of France. Of course, if we ig nore the great majority of Its inhabi tants, France was happy. In the same, way the prohibitive tariff makes America prosperous. , It makes certain specially privileged Individuals pros perous at the expense of the rest. In the days when the monarch was the date. If he was happy the state was. happy, though at the same time half the population might have been starv ing, and all of them besotted In ig norance. When the state came to mean the aggregate of Its noble and wealthy owners, then their happiness was the only thing worth considering. Under the plutocracy which hopes to control this country, the sole object of solicitude will be the profits that can be extorted from . the people. When these profits are large the Nation will be happy; when they run short it will be miserable. What may happen to the populace will be of no more conse quence than the fortunes of the wheels in the machinery. The plutocracy cares not so nmch for the welfare of the people as the Greeks did for their slaves; not half so much as a miller does for his millstone. There Is no such thing as National .wellbelng without wellbelng among the .nita of, JjaUua. Xfc.9 prosperity, si selected Individuals is no criterion to Judge by. The only .question worth asking is. "What is the condition of the lowest stratum?" For the lowest stratum comprises Invariably the enor mous majority of the human beings Jn the commonwealth. This is sound American -doctrine. The founders of the Republic admitted no National prosperity apart from the equal pros perity of the inhabitants. They con templated no'class which should fatten on privilege while the common herd devoured the wind and adored the glorious state of their superiors. The keynote of Americanism is individual ity, and individuality implies equality of opportunity and the equal enjoy ment of public betterments. The true American talks not of the "social ag gregate," but of the independent, live man. What Is happening to John Smith? is the question which lies at the root of American institutions. . We have learned1 to delude ourselves with pretentious talk of what America is doing and what snow America is mak ing in the world, forgetting that America is no more than the mass of rejoicing or sorrowing Americans. The tendency of modern politics and philanthropy is to reach the individual, ignoring that vain myth which Spen cerians call "the aggregate," and the tendency is thoroughly democratic and wholesome. . PORTLAND AND A 40-FOOT CHANNEL. Is Portland honestly In favor of a 40-foot channel from the sea to the riverside of the Columbia bar? That Is the question we want answered without equivocation or frills of any sort. We want an answer that will stand In the record of her future dealings with this vital issue, minus all sophlMry and double dealing and narrow prejudices. That's what we want. Morning Astorlan. It is not' important that the question should be answered, but The Oregonian will answer, for the thousandth time, without equivocation or frills of any sort, that Portland is in favor of a 40-foot channel, or a deeper channel, at the entrance of the Columbia. Port land always has been for an unob structed channel at the mouth of the river. It is vitaV to the city's commerce. It is not easy to understand why the Astoria papers persist, and have per sisted through the years. In printing the dishonest nonsense about Portland's hostility to bar improvement, except on the theory that the silly season lasts the year round for Astoria Journalism, and Astoria papers count that day lost on which they cannot invent and pub lish some new falsehood to the detri ment o'f Portland. It does no particu lar harm, perhaps, except to the news papers themselves, for everybody in Astoria knows better, and looks for the truth, not In the Astoriapapers, but in The Oregonian. The labor of opening up the Colum bia River, and keeping it open, has been done chiefly by Portland,' through work in Congress by members of the delegation from this city, by the ex penditure of large sums of its own money, and by constant vigilance and ceaseless effort, of every kind. This is not to deny to Senator Fulton credit for all the excellent work he has done, is doing, and will do; but it is to say the thing that ought to be said for Portland. Portland has done much from its own means for the Columbia, What has Astoria done? THE OLD MAID. "The Single Woman's Problem" has lately been discussed in the American Magazine with the zest and energy that is characteristic of any condition of modern life that reaches the status of a "problem." In offlclousness and gratuitous advice, this discussion ri vals that which has been frequently raised toy the similarly officious, tout greatly restricted question, "What shall we do with our ex-Presidents?" Up one side and down another, the question has been discussed, now with scintillations of wit, as when Char lotte Perkins Giiman enters the lists; again with old-fashioned prosing, as when Mrs. L. H. Harris declares that "It Is better to be a good mother than to be a great artist, or a great musician, or a great anything else"; and yet again when, with plain, common-sense Dorothy Canfleld declares that "the only thing to do is to accept things as they are, recognize the fact that, rightly or wrongly, society has directed its course toward some un known new .phase of woman's life, and to strive mightily and intelligently as we may to make the movement pro ductive of as much good and as little suffering as may be during the very trying period of transition from one set of standards to another." It is in vain, however, that Mrs. Harris a protected, sheltered woman, who sees no reason why every woman is not sheltered and protected recalls the old days wherein there was no "woman problem" outside of marry ing early and accepting submissively what followed; that Dorothy Canfleld asserts that civilization is but a steady struggle against human nature; that Mrs. Giiman declares that, it is high time that parents learned to estimate rightly their duty to their daughters by helping them establish themselves strongly in life while yet the parents are there to help and direct, to the end that they may not come to the estate of "elderly orphanage," a position at once pathetic and "ridiculous. The "problem" remains unsolved except as strong, earnest women inject into it their own individuality, their own defl nlteness of purpose, and reach conclu sions satisfactory at least to them selves. The "old maid" of other days was not, as has been Intimated, without a problem to solve. Many a one of her class, like the maiden aunt in Whit tier's "Winter Tale," Found peace in love's unselfishness, and took meekly her lot of being shifted about from place to place, wherever the spirit of selfishness called her to servlpe. Her problem ex isted, though no statement of its equa tions appeared, and its solution was simply proclaimed over a closed cof fin in the words, "She hath done what she could." Day after day, year after year, the "old maid" worked silently, patiently, upon the problem of life as it came to her, eating perhaps of the grudged bounty of relatives, and faithful and loyal to the end. There are no "old maids" today blessed ba enlightenment and. the single woman, unless she is a luckless "left over" from a long-ipast genera tion of which she is the sole survivor, is able to solve the problem of home and maintenance without accepting as sistance, grudgingly offered. She does not scurry about in scrimped, rusty raiment, responding now to a call in the family of a sister too poor to hire help, whose nine children are down with the measles, with the threatened complication of whooping cough; or again making the rounds of the neigh borhood in which typhoid fever has become epidemic, "sitting up" now with one patient and now, with an- other, bee unpaid, nexyiie feejg lakes, as quite a matter of course, "because she has no family of her own." Not in such cringing servitude does the single woman of today work upon the problem of her existence. It never occurs to her that she has no place in the world, or that she has missed her vocation in life because she did not see fit to accept an offer of mar riage that did not appeal to her as desirable. She goes upon the principle stated by Mrs. Giiman that "the first duty of the Individual is to serve hu manity by doing his or her best work," thus eliminating outside inter ference or philanthropic officiousnees from the problem of her life and prov ing to this world that a woman may be happy and useful and fill a cheer ful niche in life, though unmarried. HE HAS NO CANDIDATE. Theodore Roosevelt has no candidate for President of the United States, not even himself. It. Is unfair and con temptible to doubt that he meant what he said, and all he said, when he dis tinctly declared that he would not be a candidate nor accept a renomina tion; and It is scarcely lee-s unfair to assume that he is lending the influ ence and prestige of the Administra tion to name his successor. It may readily be imagined that Mr. Roose velt "Jollied" Speaker Cannon on being the next President of the United States on the occasion of their late col loquy, but the Cannon boomers will be able to make very little capital out of a jocular and trivial remark, if it was made at all. Besides, the Presi dent's opinion on the subject as to the probable identity of the next Presi dent is not official nor authoritative. It is no better than anybody else's, and it might be worse. It certainly is worse, If he thinks there is a strong likelihood of Mr. Cannon's success. Few others do, not even Mr. Cannon himself, who refuses to take his can didacy seriously. President Roosevelt Is undoubtedly very friendly to Secretary Taft, end would doubtless be pleased to see him nominated for President. But we ex pect to see him pleased if Root, an other member of his official family and his intimate personal friend, or Shaw, still another Cabinet officer, or Fairbanks, the Vice-President, or Can non, the Speaker, or any other, shall be nominated toy the Republicans. It is his business to be pleased, and he will not interfere between them, toe cause' he should not and cannot with out greatly jeopardizing the Important measures in which his Administration is deeply and vitally concerned. Presi dent Roosevelt is no kindergartener in politics or statesmanship. ' GOLDEN EGG GOOSE IN PERIL. In an Interesting communication on the salmon fishery question Mr. Rosen berg 'labors under a misapprehension regarding the attitude of The Orego nian. In the paragraph to which he takes exception there was no intention to sanction in the slightest degree any unlawful or objectionable methods of taking the fish; and It will not bear that construction. The Oregonian has for years made common cause with those who were seeking to perpetuate the great-industry, and, so far as lay. within its power, has ever endeavored) to secure legislation calculated to pre serve the industry. There has never been a question but that traps and wheels were more destructive than gillnets, and, if the taking of fish could be restricted to the gi'.lnet method, a much larger number would reach head waters to spawn. But there are cer tain property rights vested in the own ers of trap locations and wheel loca tions, of which it is impossible legally to deprive them without compensation. It is not, however, impossible to keep these traps and wheels within certain bounds, and to regulate the size of the meshes which they can use. If the ob struction of the Columbia River by traps and wheels is confined- to the waters lying adjacent to the shares and the obstructions are kept out of the principal channels where the gillnetters make their drift, there will be plenty of room for a large number of salmon to get around and under the nets. With the traps escape is -practically impossi ble. Protective legislation is something in which tooth fishermen and canners are interested, and, unless a little more interest is taken in the matter, we shall soon have killed the goose that laid the golden eggs. . SUMMER SHIP SUBSIDY SOPHISTRY. . When a considerate and well-meaning Congress tenderly placed the ship subsidy bill in cold storage a few weeks ago, it was hoped that its mil lionaire sponsors would favor, a. long suffering public by permitting it to rest in peace until the dog days were over. But, while the Griscoms, Morgans, Rockefellers and the rest of the select band of millionaire brigands who are so deeply Interested in American ship ping are lolling in cool luxury In their Summer retreats, the ship-subsidy pro motion machine Is still working. The product of the .machine shows but lit tle difference from that which was turned out years ago, when a tounch of millionaires first made the discovery that American shipping might be used as a vehicle with which to drag forth some of the remaining millions that other trusts had . overlooked in their raids on the United States Treasury. Leslie's Weekly is the latest addition to the ranks of the subsidy-hunters. In the current issue of that paper ap pears a hysterical collection of para graphs grouped under the heading, "Shameful Neglect of American Ship ping." The article is fathered by An drew V. Henry, who seems shocked and grieved at the manner in which American shipping has been neglected, and he emphasizes his dismay, by the use 'of italics wherever he uses the word "shame" at the end of each of his column of grotesque paragraphs. As a sample of the Summer styles in ship-subsidy literature, the following are quoted: Every day more than $500,000 ia withdrawn from the treasury and paid to foreigners for carrying: American trade. Ninety per cent of this vast sum Is expended in wages to for eign labor. Shame! It costs from 40 to 100 per . cent more to build an American than a foreign ship, and from 20 per cent to 40 per cent more to oper ate it. All other countries pay aubsldles. We do not. Shame! , These two paragraphs are fair sam ples of the rest of the "Shames!" which Mr. Henry feels over the fail ure of Congress to make the graft pos sible. Of course, this latest addition to the band of patriots who need the money does not openly state that the vast sum mentioned should be with drawn from the Treasury and present ed to Griscom, Morgan, Rockefeller et al.; tout that Is the natural infer ence. Accepting Mr, Henry's figures as correct, which, in view of his other statements, may be an unwarranted assumption, the foreigners are per Xormlng for ua a service hichj by. Mr. Henry's own figures, would cost us 20 to 40 per cent more If we took it away from them. In other words, the subsidy-hunters demand that the mil lions of American farmers and manu facturers who produce the cargo for the ships should pay over to the little band of millionaire shipowners $600,000 to $700,00 per day for exactly the same service as is now, toy Mr. Henry's own admission, costing $100,000 to $00,000 per djfy less. Is it any cause for won der that even the millions at the com mand of the subsidy-hunters have failed to work their Infamous bill through Congress? "Our markets would be widened, our exports increased, freights reduced, ex port prices increased and import prices decreased," continues this oracle. All of which is, of course, the sheerest rot. There is a surplus of tonnage in the world today, and, owing to the resultant cheap freights the lowest ever known on most routes we can reach any market in the known world, and our foreign trade is increasing more rapidly than ever before. But why continue? So long as the subsidy-hunters proceed on the theory that a lie well told is as good as the truth, just so long will they continue in their endeavors to mislead the pub lic and secure legislative authority for a raid oh the Treasury. THIS IS SALEM'S YEAR. A year ago there was no State Fair. The fair management thought it would be both unwise and discourteous to run its show in opposition to the Lewis and Clark Exposition, and it left the field open. It did more. It employed what ever resources were at Its command to direct. the general public attention to the great fair a Portland, and altogether-manifested a most admirable and helpful spirit of co-operation. True, a Stale Fair in the Lewis and Clark year 1905 might not have done a great deal to detract from the large enterprise; but nevertheless the '05 Ex position would not and could not have been a success if the people of Oregon had not joined hands in its behalf. The promoters of the Salem Fair were chief among the outside friends and co workers with Portland, and they de serve to toe rememibered for their gen erous and patriotic conduct. But it Is not . a Salem Fair. It is a fair in which the whole state and every county and town in the state ought to be interested. It is largely an agricultural fair whose leading pur pose is to exploit the resources and exhibit the products of Oregon; and, inasmuch as every person in Oregon has an interest, direct or indirect, in agriculture, he ought not to be Indif ferent to the event at Salem for the week September 10-15. Once there was nothing in the state to be compared to the fair, and everybody went for fun, recreation -and Instruction and found all three. . Now there -are other-things, but the fair is in all respects bigger, finer, better, more varied, more at tractive and more worth seeing. They are going to hold a great Oregon De velopment League meeting at Salem September 11-13, and that will be worth attending, for it means much for Ore gon. But the fair's the big thing, just the same. Every, one from Portland and the state who can should" attend. The Oregonian will guarantee that he will find out a few things about Ore gon, Oregon people and, Oregon indus tries that he didn't know before. THE SOFT-SNAP MAN. One of the marvels of a busy sea son, with its demand for labor in every line, is the number of men who stretch their listless length day after day on the grass of the park blocks in this city, or doze on the park benches over the sporting columns of the daily papers. True, the grass is cool and the shade inviting at pres ent; but it does not require a very lively imagination . to picture these same grounds In the Winter, when Nature is taking her annual rest and does not invite the Summer lounger to share it with her. The call to labor Is resounding throughout the land. No-able-bodied man is now idle except from choice; he wages offered everywhere and in every vocation are living wages, with something to spare for the rainy day that two months hence will repeat it self more or lees continuously through out the Pacific Northwest until Spring. It Is not work, however, that the park idler wants. He would even scorn "employment" unless It came, to him with the "soft-snap" guarantee. And it may be as well to say, though the statement may shatter the languid hopes of the soft-snap man, that this guarantee does not accompany the de mand for labor that Is heard on every hand. Employers were never more willing than now to concede the truth of the assertion, "The laborer id worthy of his hire," nor were they ever less ready than now to palter with men whonvork under compulsion and per form as little actual service for the stipulated wage as Is possible. There is work in the harvest fields, but the soft-snap man does not and need not turn his steps that way; soon there will be iwork for hundreds of hands in the hopyards, but if the soft snap anan wends his way thither look ing for a job that will be simply an "outing," with wages as an attraction, he will soon discover that hopplcklng does not fill the measure of his de sire. Later there will toe potatoes, to dig and prunes to pick, in either of which occupations a willing, industri ous man can make wages; but the soft snap man will not bend his back to such lowly tasks. Dairymen need help, but their need is not met by the soft-snap man. The sawmills were never so driven with orders as now, and never before was help that de serves the name more sure than now of a place in the lumber industry, at good wages. But the soft snap does not lurk in and about millyards. Even in the so-called lighter voca tions the demand for labor has no soft-suap guarantee. Clerks , are wanted in department stores for use, not for ornament; shipping clerks find no soft snap behind the enormous piles of goods waiting to be shipped, and even the office boy has need of ready legs upon which to bear him about on pressing errands, and of a cheerful voice in which to respond to the in sistent business call of the telephone. In brief, there is work to do in every department of labor, business and trad. But there are no soft snaps awaiting the listless approach of the park idler, the street-corner lounger, the bummer at the Men's Resort or the lodger In the Salvation Army barracks. And if ever there was a time for the edict, "Those who will not work must not eat," which was the basis of In dustrial discipline in the large fami lies of a past generation, that time is at hand. The park concerts have been a lead ing feature of amusement and pleas ure la this city, for some weeks. They; might well conclude with a grand roundelay of sturdy voices rendering the "Song of the Old Brown Grass hopper," the plaintive Tefrain of which was: ' Oh. In the long bright Summer time I treasured, up no store. Now the last full Bheaf. is garnered And the harvest days are o'er. CHRISTIAN SOCIALISM. Everybody could read with pleasure, and almost everybody with profit. Dr. Parkhurst's article on "Christian So cialism" in the September Munsey's. The doctor, like all ministers, is wise; but, unlike some, he is also witty. He not only tells about socialism, but he tells it with quips and cranks and wanton wiles which make the reader wish he would go on when he con cludes to stop. And what a 6top he makes! It is almost' tragic, for his last words are that socialism is to be the paramount issue in the Presiden tial campaign of 1912, perhaps even in that of 1908. Suppose he were right. It would be something of a surprise, not to say a painful surprise, to the politicians who are "standing pat," wrangling over the credit of the rate bill and doing other foolish things. For pure folly, commend us to the dyed-in-the-wool politician when the people are getting ready to make an issue that means something. Dr. Parkhurst's Christian Socialism is not much different from any other brand of socialism, so far as we can discern, but there Is a good deal in a well-chosen name. The doctor selected this one, doubtless, for advertising purposes, and in that field few would venture to dispute his pre-eminent skill. The name is therefore highly ap propriate; it must be. Property, he says, begins In grab. Sometimes the grab is a long way back in the past, and then we glorify it and bask in its beams as in the sun of righteousness. Sometimes It is not very remote, and then we apologize for it. Sometimes it is right With us, and then we call it theft. Since property begins in grab, its ethical foundations, the doctor thinks, are a trifile insecure. What we own is ours, under limitations. It is ours until the county sells it for taxes, or the railroad takes it for a right of way, or some trust forces us to sell it at half its value. Certainly it is not ours to do as we like with 1n any case whatever. . Property, he thinks, is In the nature of a trust committed to the owner for the benefit of his brethren, and those brethren are all-mankind. The principle of brotherhood is to re place that of piracy, he believes, as the rule of society. Under piracy we hold our property, until someone is strong enough to take it away from us. Under the rule of brothet'iood we shall hold it until someone i3 weak enough to establish a claim to it. That broth erhood is gaining upon, piracy he seems to believe, and certainly there are facts abroad which look like it. Chris tianity, by the way, is founded upon the doctrine of the brotherhood of man, which Jesus .was always preaching. He had very little to say about the virgin birth, very little about the apos tolic succession, nothing at all about predestination, election or original sin, but page after page about the brother hood of man. Christ, Dr. Parkhurst says, was the original socialist. He seems unable to give that good and great man his right name, Jesus, and always calls him "Christ," which he never called him self. The early Christians in Jerusa lem were communists, mistaking their Master's teachings in this as in al most every other particular. The doc tor does not believe in community of goods. In this he agrees with every other socialist in the world. What so cialists are after is their rightful share of the products of their labor. It is wrong, therefore, to speak of them as "the lazy socialists." It is not a symp tom of laziness to want what right fully belongs to a man. They are truly the lazy members of society who live, as the Astor family does, upon the earnings of others. The principle of brotherhood, the doctor thinks, will presently dominate human relations and will lead every man who employs labor to -make It an equal partner in his enterprise. If capital does one half in the work of production, labor does the other half, and should share alike with the employer. In this par ticular Dr. Parkhurst is a little hetero dox. Your genuine socialist will not concede any share at all to the capi talist. He retrieves himself, however, on the tariff. No Bryanite of them all could exceed his wrath against robber Dln gleyism. He denies that a manufac turer has a right to starve American labor to produce cheap goods for the Hindoos and Hottentots. He denies that the tariff benefits the laborer one iota. He says In plain words that it steals his substance and confers It upon the paunchy plutocrat. When brotherhood prevails we shall have no protective tariff; some people hope that -we shall have none long before that happy time. We Americans are a fam ily, he says, where in prosperous sea sons the children are starved to send .presents to the neighbors. In toad times that is, in seasons of overpro duction and panic the closets are stuffed with coats and the hallways with shoes, while the children shiver coatless in their bare feet. The simple fact of the case is that, of all the old problems which have worried the human race since time began, not one has yet been solved, with all -our science and all our re ligion and all our philosophy. The prostitute still plies her trade as she did in Sodom. The poor go hungry while the rich man stuffs his belly with fat things and washes his feet in but ter like poor old plutocratic Job. Chris tianity claims to hold the key to all these problems. Why not produce It? Perhaps It has been lying In a dark closet for a thousand years or so, and Parkhurst Is the lucky man who has at last found where it was hidden. . It would be a wholesome thing and take something from "the shame of the colleges" if a few bumptious, pug nacious sophomores were permanently disabled at a "College rush" like that recorded at Berkeley Friday evening. A genera! melee, in which shirts are torn from the backs of the partici pants, eyes are blackened and bodies bruised, is considered cause for inter ference on the part of the police when thugs engage in it. By what stroke of reasoning it becomes the pastime of gentlemen and gentlemen's sons in the pursuit of higher education it is dif ficult to conceive. I Vice-President Fairbanks will be a conspicuous figure in Boise during the early sessions of the 'National Irriga tion Congress. He will reach Boise September 3, and will be made the chief attraction of the Labor day cele bration in the afternoon, after having opened the Irrigation Congress in the morning.. .While the .Vice-President is generally' regarded as a figurehead, whose possibilities of advancement are of accident rather than of merit, the dignity of his office is everywhere rec ognized, and honors paid to him are honors due the Administration in which he is in close touch. Mr. Fairbanks is an interesting speaker and will say something to which It will be worth while to listen, whether speaking in the interests of irrigation or labor. In a communication published on page 15 of this, issue, P. J. Mann focalizes about all there Is to say rela tive to Portland's duty with regard to the Southern Pacific Company's occu pancy of Fourth street. It has no vested rights. Threatened with denial of the temporary privilege to operate steam cars, it promises to create a new connection between the West Side lines and the terminal grounds by bridging the Willamette at Elk Rock, at the same time asking the right to run electric cars on Fourth street. To this arrangement small objection Will be offered, provided Just compensation for the use of the highway be paid, but In justice' to all parties let a written record be made of the trans action. Repeal the old ordinance. Then let the Council pass a new one carrying the right for the trolley. The corporation appears willing to enter into such a contract; so let It be signed, sealed and delivered. At the international automobile races in Belgium a few days since, an aver age speed of seventy miles was main tained by the winner over a run of 371 miles. To make up for slowing down at curves, one hundred miles an hour was the gait on straight, level 6tretches. Extraordinary endurance must have been required to withstand the atmospheric Impact. The race makes pat a story told by the Spring field Republican. A Boston millionaire recently visited one of the young Van derbilts at Newport. He was taken for a run in a big racing machine, and stood the experience until the speed rose to upward of eighty miles an hour, when. In terror, he tried to call to the driver beside him to slow up. But Instead of being able to call, he found, so runs the story, that once he had opened his mouth he could not shut it, so violent was the blast. For tunately, the stretch permitting such speed, was short. The Bryan ovation scheduled to be held in New York next Friday will, it Is predicted, rival in numbers and en thusiasm the home-coming reception given to Admiral Dewey after his achievement at Manila Bay. If the en thusiasm that prompts it wanes as quickly and as permanently as did that represented by the Dewey recep tion,' the voluble Nebraekan's star will be In eclipse long before the meeting of the Democratic National Conven tion. An ovation in New York is not a forerunner of continued political or even of personal popularity. The Blaine fiasco and the Dewey slump are conspicuous evidences of this fact. Again the story is going the rounds that King Edward, due late this month at Marienbad for his annual cure, is in a bad. way. Americans' who have had audience with him any time the past year make similar reports. These are not new. They were circulated and had credence long before his mother died. Five years ago Immediately pre ceding the coronation ceremonies, the world was alarmed over. an attack that the surgeon's knife relieved. Evi dently Edward inherited a good constitution,- but there is no probability that he will reach bis mother's years, though he may reign for another de cade. He is now 65. Statistics of the insane for 1904 have just been completed by the Bureau of Vital Statistics at Washington. They show that both the hospitals and the number of insane in this country have doubled in thirteen, years. This does not necessarily prove that the ratio of Insanity has increased to the ex tent noted. It may mean, and doubt less does mean, that more insane peo ple are cared for In asylums than for merly. Thus interpreted, it Is a trib ute to our humanity and to the prac tical view that medical and sanitary scientists take of the unfortunate men tal attitude known as Insanity. During August a very large number of Immigrants suffering from tra choma, a disease which usually ends in blindness, landed in New York from European ports. They now over crowd the contagious hospital at Ellis Island, and many patients have been sent to other hospitals. Sooner or later, most of them will be deported under the Government regulations. The present influx of cases shows1 that the steamship companies have relaxed vigilance in inspection at foreign ports. A farmer who would Insist upon re taining and using the machinery that was In common use two or three de cades ago, resenting: all suggestions that the machinery needs revision, would toe a good stand-patter, but his neighbors would predict a short ex perience for him In the farming busi ness. The man who can adjust him self to changing conditions, but won't, is a candidate for the retired list. George Hazzard bobs up In Indiana with a, long string of victirrw to his pe culiar financial operations. Nearly everybody in this country thought Hazzard was dead, a belief that he would doubtless have encouraged for his own benefit if he had known of it; but evidently he is not. It is appar ently ordained that the grafter of the Hazzard type shall never die. The Southern Pacific will probably be willing; to agree that- Fourth 6treet shall toe electrified and the steam cars taken over to the East Side, when ever they can be brought back through Thos. McCusker's tunnel. If it be true that Sheep King Cun ningham dropped $40,000 In a Seattle bunco game, it may be.surmlsed that he learned his methods of finance from his sheep. There will be a general welcome for Senator Gearln. The Senator has probably observed that the people of Oregon prefer to have him at home. President, Palma figures that it will take about eight rapid-fire American guns to put dawn the revolution. Evi dently It Isn't a popgun revolution. The Seattle prizefight' bunco artists were careful to steal no Seattle money. The Seattle spirit is a marvelous thing. The bomb-throwers have reached the Premier, and the Czar may ,be next. It's the same old Russia, THE PESSIMIST. There was a detective named Day, But you see it wasn't his way To tell to Pat" Bruin The things he was doln' So now he's a sleuth without pay. It Is only during times of great pros perity and real estate values that we tolerate the seedy Individual with the look of sad retrospection In his eyes who "ays: "Why, four years ago I could have bought a half-block on steenth street between AVashington and Alder for $11.. 000!" Four years ago he couldn't buy a five-cent bag of peanuts without borrow ing a nickel from a friend. In a paped read before the American Association for the Advancement of Sci ence, Professor J. Pease Morton, of Yale said that there are four great wastes, "the more lamentable because they are unnecessary." "They are." he said, "preventable death, preventable sleknefs, preventable conditions of low physical and mental efficiency and preventable ignorance. On account of these wastes, the professor says, "one million five hun dred thousand persons must die in the United States in the next six months." If he had Included among his four wastes the peek-a-boo waist, he would probably have made it two million. Answers to Correspondents. JIMMY."- - - My Ma she's funny. The other day we had a chicken and some folks in for dinner and Ma she says: 'Mr. Jones, will you have some of the .white meat, or perhaps you would prefer a llm.' Jones he I mean Mr. Jones Mr. Jones, he said he wasn't particu lar, and I thought she was goin' to give him all there was. because it wasn't a very big chicken, and I was afraid I would got the neck. Pa says the neck's the best part of the chicken. I don't believe he knows because he never eats one him self. But she didn't. She give Jones I mean Mr. Jones the wishbone. She asked everydody else if they would have a lim, but they wouldn't have one. I guess they didn't know what a lira was. I didn't cither.-' Before dinner. Ma, shs said that if there was one left and if I was a good boy and dldnt' say nothing, she would give me a leg. 1 like a leg best. When she got around to me she says: 'Jimmy (you'd like my ma if you heard her say Jimmy like she does when we have company) what would you like to have? There was a leg and some other things, but I hadn't found out what a lim was, so I said I would take a lim. She give me a leg. What Is a llm. anyway?" My Dear James: Your willingness to sacrifoce your personal comfort and de sire in the pursuit of knowledge does you great credit. You have Improved considerably In your spelling since you wrote last; I am glad to ejea that you love your mother. The word you refer to is "limb." It Is also spelled "llmme." "Iym" and "lim," although these forms .re obsolete. Limb has been defined as "the upper expanded portion of a gam ophyllous perianth," also, "the lateral area on either side of the glabellum in trllobites." According to the same au thority a limb is also one of the articu lated appendages of the body of an ani mal, used for locomotion or prehension. as a leg, arm, wing, or paired fins. Be sides being all these things, a limb is a roguish young person, ana the edge of the moon. Knowing this, your mother's guests were doubtless afraid to take chances. Bhe probably meant "leg." However, I am glad for your sake that your charming mother was not more explicit: bad she been so, you would probably have got the neck. ACCURATE. "Which is proper to say: 'I am going in,' or 'I am going out?" The statement of intended action refers to leaving the surf when one is bathing. Each of these expressions Is commonly used." You will find this matter dis cussed in a recent issue of the Ladles' Lone Journal, in an article: "Can a Chipmunk Climb a Tree, or Where Does an Alarm Clock Go When It Goes Off?" I am inclined to think that the latter expression, "I am going out," more near ly expresses one's intention, under the circumstances, than the other. . When one Is in the water, to say, "I am going In" i3 somewhat ambiguous, to say the least of It. If, however, the persons who habitually use the expression objected to. namely, "I am going in." are pluto crats, or members of our first families, the expression Is Justified on the ground that they are in the swim, and their natural abhorrence to going out, when once they are in on a good thing. Please cut this out, as we cannot refer to the matter again. GERTRUDE. "Is 'pants' singular or plural?" rants is not singular; it is vulgar. If you should be absolutely ob liged to refer to that particular part of gentlemen's apparel, you should say trousers. TRAVELER. "Will you kindly tell ma which is the best way to get to North Beach?" The ways of getting to North Beach provided by our transportation companies are both expeditious and com fprtable, and you should have no diffi culty In making a happy choice. How ever, when you wish to leave the beach, you will require great Judgment and agility. To fully acquaint you with the unusual difficulties connected with the return voyage, it may perhaps be well to touch lightly upon a particular ex treme case, namely, that of a prominent politician of a neighboring state. This gentleman had with him a dog and a repertoire of forcible expressions of unusual length and brilliancy. At a conveniently appointed hour he boarded the train that connects with the swift little steamer that piles between Ilwaco and Astoria. Three hours later he was seen at Sea View, accompanied still by his dog, muttering . feebly to himself, walking north. Behind him. in the direc tion of and hanging over Ilwaeo was a large cloud of bluish, sulphurous tinge. Following him was a straggling crowd of happy individuals, carrying gripsacks and other Impedimenta, laughing with Joy to think that their vacation was prolonged. How it happened was this: Besides the gentleman and his dog there were 500 other passengers on the train, all of whom wished to ride across the beautiful Columbia on the dear little boat that connects with the train. Owing to a foolish Government regulation only a few could get on. The sulphurous cloud was caused by the remarks of the gentleman with the dog. Next morning the gentleman and his dog Inaugurated the healthful custom of walking to the steamer two hours ahead of the train. M. B. WELLS. Brats Bring: Poor. Denver Republican. "Does It Pay to Be Very Rich?" Is th title of a magazine article.