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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (June 28, 1903)
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A new book, by James Albert "Wood burn, professor of American history and politics in the University of Indi ana, sums up Its review of the first contests of our political parties under the Constitution, terminating with the triumph of Jefferson, with this remark: "Jeffersonian democracy has ever since been seriously combated by any po litical party, but all subsequent par ties have assumed to represent Its prin ciples." "Which is not true. The distinctive principles of Jefferson were set forth by himself in the Ken tucky resolutions of 1798, and -were re peated in the Virginia resolutions of 1799. But the doctrines of these reso lutions, constituting an elaborate at tempt to reduce the authority of the General Government and to exalt that of the state, are not now accepted by any party. Assertion of these doctrines brought on secession and the Civil "War, by which the Jeffersonian interpreta tion of our political system was com pletely overthrown. Our seceding states in 1860-61 merely asserted Jefferson's theory that the ex tent of the powers of the General Gov ernment was subject to the judgment of the states, and that where any dif ference should arise between a state or states and the General Government, "each party has an equal right to judge for Itself as well of infractions as of the mode and measure of redress." Jefferson continually used the word "compact"; and the effect of his theory and argument was that if any state or states deemed the "compact" violated by the General Government, they had the right to adopt any method of re dress they might deem expedient. A large group of states, acting upon this theory in 1860-61, asserted that their rights in the Union had been infringed, and they judged that withdrawal from the Union was the proper "mode and measure of redress." They got It from Jefferson's idea of the "compact," from his interpretation of the nature of our political system, and they neither sought nor pretended any other justi fication. Jefferson's whole scheme of politics was to limit the powers of the Nation while enlarging the function of the state. It was this scheme that lay at the root of the Civil "War. The shal lowness of Jefferson's argument, noted by the best minds of the country at the time, was the more dangerous because it was shallow. "Encroachments," he said, "are more to be feared from the General Government than from the states. Encroachments from the state governments will tend to an excess of liberty which will correct Itself; while those from the General Government will tend to monarchy and will tend to fort ify Itself from day to day, Instead of working Its own cure." Yet the dan ger of encroachment and of usurpation of power antagonistic to the peace and well-being of the Republic was from the states, not from the General Gov ernment; as every sound thinker fore saw, and as experience was so unhap pily found to demonstrate. In one way Jefferson rendered the country a great service. He was our chief of expansionists; yet on his prin ciples no federated nation could hold together. His principles were those of the destructive, not of the construct ive, statesmen, and his political phll ; osophy is utterly discredited. The first party platforms ever constructed In America were the Kentucky and Vir ginia resolutions. They contained the sum of Jefferson's policy and states manship. But the party that still lauds i Jefferson never ventures now to reaf jfirm them. It Is a pity tha such a book as that which now emanates from ! the Indiana University should be wrlt Iten in these days, when events have made the outlines of our National his tory so clear that there Is no excuse for them- The debt of the country to I Jefferson, the expansionist, is enormous. Against it Is the work of Jefferson, the I disintegration and author of seces sion and the Civil "War. The rule of the Board of Education of I New York City that the public schools shall be opened with the "reading of a portion of the Holy Scriptures, without note or comment," has given rise to the Question if the Roman Catholic, or Douay, version of the Bible may not be used under it The Rev. Dr. McGin- nis, a Catholic priest, announces that In advising teachers of his faith to use that version he is backed by the author ity of the State Superintendent of Edu cation. The Douay Bible Is distinct from, the King James version In the form of the rendering of the originals into English, and also in its inclusion In the Old Testament of books denomi nated by Protestant canons as Apoc rypha. The canonical Scriptures as de fined by the Council of Trent are for the New Testament the same as those accepted by the1 - Protestants, but the difference as to the Old Testament is represented by the books commonly called Apocrypha, which are described in the "Westminster Confession as "not being of inspiration, as "no part of the canon of Scripture," and "therefore of no authority in the Church of God, nor to be otherwise approved or made use of than other human writings." In the thirty-nine articles of religion of the Church of England it is declared: "The other books (as Hierome sayeth) the church doth read for example of life and instruction of manners but yet doth not apply them to establish any doctrine." Luther said of them that they are "books which are not placed on an equal footing with Holy Scrip ture, yet are profitable and good for reading." "WESLEY- A 3IAX OF AFFAIRS. It is two centuries this day since John "Wesley was born. He was an evangelist, an Oxford graduate and man of culture, an ecclesiastical statesman, a practical philanthropist, but the genius that made him one of the most memorable men of his century was his capacity as a man of affairs. He was not a great thinker, not a great theologian, not a great preacher, not ajnan of high lit erary power. He was a man of in tensely practical nature, with great na tive capacity for organization and svb- tem in his" work. Macaulay recognizes the resemblances between the reform of the English Church through the ulti mate secession of the Methodists and the reform of the Church of Rome through the work of Loyola when he says: "Place Loyola at Oxford. He Is certain to become the head of a form idable secession. Place John "Wesley at Rome. He is certain to be the first general of a new society devoted to the interests and honor of the church." Loyola, through his spirit and policy. punned the court of Rome. Loyola was something of a vlBlonary, while "Wesley was a sober-minded evangelist; yet Loyola was a consummate man of affairs, and to his practical policy in organization .and government his great order owed its power raid success. "Wesley had evidently studied the ca reer of Loyola, for he always spoke of him with entire respect as a great and good man who had wrought a wonder ful work in redeeming his church from the hands of those who did nothing but degrade it by religious indiffer ence and dissolute conduct "Wesley found the English-speaking people in both Great Britain and the American colonies living in a state of drunken ness and licentiousness. In the reign of George II the English clergy were not equal to their responsi bility. Irrellglon degraded the life of both rich and poor. The educated classes laughed at religion; the leading states men were unbelievers and men of grossly immoral lives. "Walpole was drunken and grossly obscene In his talk. The Duke of Grafton took his mistress to the theater. Lord Chesterfield's "Letters" to his illegitimate son in structs him In all the arts of seduction. London was full of ginshops where the people could get drunk for a penny. The priesthood were apathetic; the bulk of the clergy were Indolent, poor and without social standing. The rich were profligate, the poor degraded and filthy; the church was powerless through Its gross worldllness. This was the situa tion that confronted "Wesley, and he sought to alleviate it, not by the meth ods of a visionary, but by those of a man who at bottom was a man of busi ness. He was a devout, religious man of the quality of mind that made Dwlght L. Moody a successful revival ist without being in any high sense an eloquent evangelist The Anglican Church was become paralytic It was worthless from heart failure. Wesley saw that formalism must'be dispensed with in order to reach the people, and he promptly subordinated dogma and creed to life. He revived the demo cratic Christianity of Jesus and his apostles. He did not leave the Anglican Church until Its pulpits -were closed to him. Wesley never thought of found ing a new sect His Methodist societies were not intended to be churches. The relation that they were intended to bear to the Church of England has been com pared with that of the Jesuits and other missionary orders to the Catholic Church, or that of the Moravian society to the Protestant Church in Germany, or with that of the Societies of Chris tian Endeavor to the various Protestant churches of our day. It was with reluctance that "Wesley followed "Whltefleld In the matter of outdoor preaching. He would have kept Methodism within the Church of Eng land, even as Channlng would have preferred to see the Congregational body in New England undivided while leavened by Unltarlanlsm. "Wesley, practical man that he was, did not allow his exclusion by the Anglican Church to defeat his great purpose, and resorted to field preaching, quoting the Sermon on the Mount as good prece dent He reluctantly adopted the Inno vation of lay preaching, but was forced to it by the multiplication of converts and his few ordained ministers. Soon this unordalned order of lay preachers became the main part of his evangel ical force. By nature and education he was a very conservative man, but he always yielded when his practical genius told him that his conservatism was an obstacle to effective Christian work. His societies had no creed. The "general rules," the basis of their fel lowship, were rules of practical conduct. but these Methodist societies Inevitably became churches. . The glory of Methodism is that it has always emphasized, not dogma nor pol ity, nor ritual, but Christian life. The "Wesleyan movement has not been the development of a new theology, but out of Wesley came prison reform, emanci pation, popular education through the newly awakened religious life of the people that crowned his efforts. John Howard, prison reformer, was Wesley's friend, and Wesley inspired Wllber force, who was not of his church, to labor for emancipation, saying that "slavery was the sum of all human ; villainies." A great man of affairs was Wesley. Macaulay compares him to Richelieu in his genius for government; I Buckle calls him "first of theological statesmen"; while Leslie Stephen calls him "the greatest leader of men in his century." He was tormented by a jeal ous wife, and when she left him, pur posing never to return, Wesley wrote In his journal: "I did not forsake her; I did not dismiss her; I will not recall : her." Socrates was not mnrft naHnf xeith his Xantlppe, and ultao, when his wife ! THE SUNDAY deserted him, behaved with far less self restraint In all the relations of life Wesley seems to have borne himself with the calm and constant-mind of a philosopher. His practical good sense is shown, too. In the fact that he was a man of tolerant spirit; he believed the great heathen moralists like Socrates would obtain salvation, and he did not put much stress on preaching lurid "hell-fire" sermons, it circumstances of early environment had not made Wesley a preacher, he would have shone in the world of business, politics and diplomacy, for he had much In common with Franklin in worldly capacity for dealing with men and things In his apti tude as a practical philanthropist A BRIDAL COURSE AT RUSKIN. A vexed question is about to be set tled technically. At least, Professor Morgan, of Ruskln University, thinks he has struck the keynote to its solu tion. This is not, as one might sup pose, the servant-girl question, but one perhaps equally Important in the do mestic life of . the people that of di vorce. .Professor Morgan, after giving the subject careful consideration, is convinced that divorces are caused by "women being unable to understand their husbands." Proceeding upon the basis of this assumption, he has decided to establish a department in his uni versity in which -women can receive instruction upon this Important point Naturally enough, mathematics, foreign and dead languages and the sciences are to be discarded as unnecessary ad juncts to the bridal course. A work ing knowledge of reading, writing and spelling is deemed ample for the pur poses of this course. Special attention is to be devoted to housewifery, Includ ing marketing, the ability to discern the difference between fish and game, to raise bread without having resort to mechanical means, and to vary the dally bill of fare without involving the man who has assumed the role of "pro vider" in bankruptcy. Now, all of this knowledge and much more of the same sort Is necessary in order to Insure to the man of the house, not to mention the women and chil dren, the comforts of a well-ordered home But there is reason, to believe that Its universal dissemination would not entirely put divorce lawyers out of business. It may be submitted that the court records do not bear out the as sumption that tie lack of housewifely accomplishments is the leading cause of divorce. The greatest skill along these lines can hardly be expected to produce a full and toothsome meal from an empty larder, or to induce a man who enjoys lying out nights for booze or cards to do his part toward making home happy. Then there are other causes for divorce, as disclosed by the records, but which here shall be name less, which there Is no reason to sup pose are due to a lack of .housewifely virtues on the part of the lawfully wedded wife. It may well be supposed, therefore, that Professor Morgan ls-golng to look deeper Into his subject than this before he turns out graduates from his bridal course. Much attention will be paid to physiological studies, the purpose of which is to enable a woman to tell be fore marriage Just what a man will be afterward. A man's conduct before marriage, the faculty holds, Is no cri terion f6r his fitness to be a husband. But by the psychological course the ex pectant bride will be trained to study the occult forces that lie concealed be hind the mask of his ponduct under stand his disposition and "read his mind." Upon this showing, it is pretty safe to say that men contemplating matrimony will steer clear of the gradu ates of the bridal course at Ruskln and leave the graduates to the enjoyment of their divining powers, and thus defeat the purpose of the course. SELF-SACRIFICE IX SHAKESPEARE. An English critic recently said: Shakespeare's men are fine, brave, compan ionable fellows, full of passionate love. Jeal ousy, ambition; of humor, gravity, strength of mind, of laughter and rage,' of the joy and stress of living. But self-Sacrifice (such self sacrifice as Sydney Carton's, for example) scarcely enters Into the scheme of things as they ken It, and they are by no means men to go to death for an idea. This statement Is too sweeping. Such self-sacrifice as that made by Sydney Carton in Dickens' "Tale of Two Cities" you would not expect to find In Shakes peare, because it was an act of senti mentality performed by a man who was a drunkard, and who became so morbld ized by drink that he goes to the scaf fold to save from death the man who had been his successful rival for the hand of the woman that Carton deeply loved. Shakespeare has no taint of dime-novel melodramas In his art; he would have tolerated the self-sacrifice of Carton to save the life of the woman he loved, but Shakespeare knew human nature too well to violate art and pic ture the rejected lover as dying to save his successful rival from death. .The deed of Carton might be a natural act for a man morbldlzed by the drink habit who, despairing of himself and his fu ture, had resolved on self-destruction and executed it in the shape of an act of self-sacrifice for the woman he loved; but Shakespeare does not deal in such characters. Had Shakespeare lived in our day and read the story of Sdney Carton he would have said that If the man had not broken his nerves down by drink and become saturated with sentlmentallsm he would have bided his time, allowed the scaffold to claim its legitimate victim, and then reformed his life and tried to marry the widow. While none of Shakespeare's heroes are men capable of such acts of sickly sen timentality as the so-called self-sacrifice of Sydney Carton, there Is no lack of capacity for self-sacrifice in the sense of dying for an idea on part of some of his heroic men, and It is the at tribute of all his noblest women. Corlo lanus Is clearly capable of self-sacrifice. He spares Rome in obedience to the prayers and tears and supplications of his mother, when he knows that In doing this be has signed his own death war rant The great soldier forecasts his sure doom when he says: O my mother, mother! O You have won a happy vlotory to Rome; But. for your son, believe It, O, believe It, Most dangerously you have Vita him prevailed. If not most mortal to him. But. let It come. Brutus Is clearly a man capable of going to death for an Idea. A tender husband and father, an affectionate friend, he sacrifices his domestic peace, he helps kill his friend, because of his wrong-neadecl fealty to an idea. The whole demeanor of Brutus in the quar-. rel scene with Casslus Is that of a man to whom it was instinctive to sacrifice self for an idea. He is without ambi tion for office or honors; he is both high-minded and noble-minded, even when wrong-headed; he'is a notable historical illustration of the man who Is always read to go to death for an idea. His name has always been in OREGONIAy, PORTLAND, voked by political martyrs whom en thusiasm quickly hurried to the scaf fold. Even Antony is capable of self sacrifice for the wanton Cleopatra, whom he truly loved. Hamlet surely is an idealist capable of self-sacrifice, of going to death for an idea. If patriot ism and readiness to die for one's coun try be "going to death for an idea," why then Faulconbrldge was capable of self-sacrifice, and so was Hotspur in his eagerness to risk life In desperate quest of honor; so was Prince Hal, who dares all for honor and risks his life to save his estranged father in battle. Othello was clearly a man capable of self-sacrifice and going to death for an idea, and the ill-starred Rqmeo died for love of his Juliet It is not difficult to show that Shakespeare's heroes Included many men who were capable of self sacrifice, of going to death for an Idea; but it Is far easier to quote brilliant ex amples from Shakespeare's memorable women, who are really the most heroic characters he ever drew. Women as a rule Idealize those they truly love more extravagantly than men that is, good women do. Desexed women are as hard and coarse, as selfish, mercenary and suspicious as men, because they have been victims to the same unlove ly experiences and environment; but a woman who has been fairly sheltered from youth to maturity Idealizes those she loves, and is easily capable of com plete self-sacrifice for their sake. Mi randa confesses her love to Ferdinand In "The Tempest," and says: I am your wife, if you will marry me; If not I'll die your maid. The passionate Juliet, if she owned the world, would have hastened to give it to her Romeo, and Olivia Is an older creature of the same quality. Desde mona sacrifices everything to her eccen tric yet high-minded love for her heroic Moor. She finally loses her life at his hands, yet blesses and forgives him with her dying breath. . Cordelia Is hanged for her heroic attempt to res cue the silly old father who disinherited her. Hero and Hermlone suffer Insult and injury worse than death from those they love, but submit with sweet pa tience and resignation until time re venges and adjusts all their wrongs. Isabella is willing to give her life for her condemned brother, but refuses to part with hor "soul. Portia surrenders promptly her house, her servants and herself to her affianced Bassanio; Viola is another Miranda in her sweetness and almost abject loyalty to her lover. Imogen dares everything for the1 sake of her husband; she deserves as much as Hero or Hermlone the praise that Women Will love her that she Is a woman More worth than any man; men that she Is The rarest of all women. If we seek further illustrations that Shakespeare's noblest women are capa ble of self-sacrifice up to the gates o death, we can find them in Portia, the wife of Brutus, and in Lady Percy. Portia died distract by her own hand because she was parted by -war from her lord, while Lady Percy nobly says of her dead hero: His honor stuck upon him, as the sun In the Cray Vault of heaven: and br- M llirht Did all the chivalry of England move to do orave acts. ROOSEVELT'S PRECEDENT IX LIN COLN". President Roosevelt has been criti cised by both Democrats and hostile Republicans for his action In securing Indorsement for nomination In advance of any National convention. But this was exactly the course followed by the friends of President Lincoln to circum vent any possible opposition to his nomination in 1S64. Mr. Lincoln was, like Roosevelt a man of very great popular strength, but he was not popu lar with the Republican politicians whose Influence was strongest with Congress. In the. early half of 1864, Richard H. Dana, then United States District Attorney at Boston, wrote that In the political life of Washington "the most striking thing was the absence of personal loyalty to the President He had no admirers, no enthusiastic supporters, none to bet on his head." Secretary Chase said that "Mr. Lincoln did not act or talk or feel like the ruler of a great empire in a great crisis." Secretary Chase avowed his dissatisfaction with Lincoln's policy and with the management of the Army of the Potomac Mr. Chase carried his freedom of dissent beyond the limits of official propriety. Chase wrote a let ter to Lincoln on February 22, 1864, an nouncing to the Chief Magistrate that he (Chase) had yielded to the solici tations of a committee of Senators and Representatives and had consented to the use of his name for the Presidency. In a previous letter written to a friend Chase had said that "If to his kindliness of spirit and good sense Mr. Lincoln joined strong will and ener getic action, there would be little left to wish for him." The radical anti slavery men all preferred Chase to Lin coln In 1864, as did some conserva tive Republicans like John Sherman, who believed that Mr. Chase was su perior to Lincoln In executive ability. Senator Pomeroy, of Kansas, not only arraigned Lincoln's Administration In a speech on the floor of the Senate, hut Issued a circular in which he declared that if Lincoln were renominated at Baltimore in 1864 he would be defeated at the ballot-box. But Lincoln,, while a perfectly upright man, was a far more astute politician than any of the leaders of the Republican opposition to his nomination. He knew his vast popular strength, and he knew how to organize it at the proper time in his favor. In December, 1863, one of. Lin coln's most confidential political friends said: "You can overturn a pyramid as easily as you can upset Lincoln In popu lar esteem." But Lincoln did not leave his interests to the chances of popular favor. The plan of his friends, as di rected by Postmaster-General Blair, was that every state should declare for Lincoln in advance of any National convention, thus preoccupying the field and concentrating public attention on a single candidate. The Blalrs persuaded the Legislature of Maryland to declare for the renoml natlon of Mr. Lincoln. A similar reso lution was adopted by the Pennsylvania Legislature on the suggestion of Simon Cameron. -This kind of tactics was the same adopted by the partisans of Jack son in his contest with Clay; it set the current in the right direction. In February, 1864, at a caucus held in the House of Representatives at Co lumbus, O., the following resolution was adopted by a unanimous vote: "Resolved, That In . the opinion of this convention the people of Ohio and her soldiers In the Army demand the re nomlnation of Abraham Lincoln to the Presidency of the United States." Thereupon Mr, Chase withdrew his name. The radical Republicans, who still hoped to prevent Mr. Lincoln's re-election, nominated General Fremont for President Fremont, in his letter of. .JUNE 28, 1903. acceptance, Intimated that if the Union Republican Convention to be' held at Baltimore, June 7, 1864, should nomi nate any one but Mr. Lincoln, he would withdraw in favor of that nominee. Other Republicans opposed to the Pres ident tried to turn the current of popu lar favor from Mr. Lincoln to General Fremont An enthusiastic mass meet ing held in New York on June 4 to express gratitude to General Grant and the soldiers under his command was In tended to mask the movement But President Lincoln turned this oc casion to his own advantage by writing a letter In .eulogy of Grant and his army and expressing the hope that those participating In the meeting would so shape their words that -they might turn to men and guns moving to the support of Grant The meeting failed to serve the end for which it had been contrived, and General Grant made it known that he would not ac cept a nomination for the Presidency, and that his name must not be used by politicians to divide Union men. When the National convention met at Baltimore, January 7, 1864, all the 500 delegates voted for Mr. Lincoln as the nominee for the Presidency except those from Missouri, who had been In structed to cast their votes for Gen eral Grant These facts show that President Roosevelt's political tactics find an excellent precedent in the meth ods employed by President Lincoln and hl3 friends to smoke the enemy out of concealment and into the open field early in 1864. Lincoln and his parti sans quietly said; "We propose to find out whether the field Is in possession of our friends or our foes; hence this early call for an indorsement of the President for renomlnatlon." The op position to Mr. Lincoln was not strong enough to defeat the indorsement of his Administration in the various State Legislatures and state conventions, which were entirely beyond Influence of the political atmosphere of Washing ton. Lincoln did not disguise his desire for renomlnatlon, and he worked 'openly to win It in the same lofty spirit that made John A. Andrew, the great war Governor of Massachusetts, Bay in sub stance, In public speech when he was threatened with defeat for nomination in 1864, that he had led the people of Massachusetts thus far in the Civil War, and that he would defeat the ene mies of his renomlnatlon if he had to make a personal appeal In his own be half to the people of every town In Mas sachusetts. Andrew- felt he had nobly earned the right to be Governor until the Civil War was over, and Lincoln felt that he had fairly earned a re nomlnatlon, and he was not afraid to ask and obtain state indorsement before the meeting of the National convention. SOMETHIXG IS THE MATTER WUATr Many thoughtful citizens of Portland, while hesitating to -criticise the present management of the police department regard with apprehension, If not dis may, its very palpable inefficiency as now directed. There Is no reason to suppose that .the members of the force are Inferior In sagacity, industry and bravery to if similar body of men any where. It is indeed a matter of public knowl edge that the force has lately been weeded, according to a severe stand ard, of all Incapable men, and the fair inference Is that never before In the history of Portland has a finer body of men worn the department'3 uniform and worked under the orders of Its Chief. Yet seldom If ever has the be lated citizen felt that the chances of his reaching his own door with his purse and watch still In his possession were so dubious as now, and seldom have business men regarded with such apprehension as ; now the probability that their stores will be looted between the closing and opening hours of trade. Within the past month a number of daring highway robberies have taken place In the early hours of the night upon our public streets; one man has been murdered by footpads and Innu merable small burglaries have been committed, while ' the perpetrators In every Instance have escaped arrest and are still at large. And as for gam bling well, "the town Is wide open." The perplexed and baffled Chief, evi dently at the end of his resources, ap peals In desperation to the street rail way companies, asking them to offer re wards for the arrest of the bold high waymen who have more than once held up their cars and robbed their helpless passengers. Now and then, as if to make terms with his conscience or soothe the Irritation of the public, he orders a Chinese gambling den raided, as results show, "for revenue only," and then, with what calmness he can as sume, he awaits the next movement of the under world. Under these circumstances Is It Im pertinent to ask, as some of our citizens are asking of each other, "What is the matter with the police department?" On the contrary. Is not this the most natural Inquiry in the world? Is It true or not that the present Chief of Police is unable to grasp the police problem of the City of Portland? He has an efficient force. Else are the tests of efficiency required by the new regulations empty arid vain. He has the support, and certainly in the be ginning he possessed the confidence, of the Mayor; his Intentions are generally believed to be of the best and hi3 re corded, promises of a clean, aggressive police administration are many. Perhaps the school In which he got his experience with criminals and their methods has been outdated by time and events. Perhaps, were he to return ta the City of Providence and reassume control at police headquarters, he would find that criminal tactics even there have changed with the changing years while he has stood still. Whatever the cause, Chief Hunt's second administra tion of the police department has thus far failed to meet the Just expectations of his-friends. In the language of the college athlete, "Buck up, Chief, and show the public that you can perform as well as promise." Otherwise but we forbear to trench further upon proba bilities. The vicious element In colleges and the subtle and powerful Influence that it exer cises or may exercise for evil over boys of quick Intelligence, good home training, honorable parentage and excellent pros pects In life is well illustrated in the case of Guy Lloyd Hunt, of this city, now In jail at Cambridge upon a grave criminal charge. Theft serious enough to amount to grand larceny has been laid at his door, and. Indeed, he seems to acknowledge the charge, having been taken with the stolen goods in his possession. The young man, it is thought belongs to one of the secret societies of college students that requires its Initiates to do things that K found out, will Involve them in conflict wltfc the pelice &sd render thera Uabfe to Imprison ment Well Indeed may the college au thorities refuse io look upoa such acts as "cellege pranks" and show a disposition to make an example of this case by giv ing the young man up to justice. The disclosure, as yet but hinted at; of a sys tematic attempt by an organized society of students of Harvard to force criminal acts and criminal training upon young men whom they get in their tolls Is as startling in Its way as were the disclos ures of the cowardly and criminal out rages inflicted by upper-classmen upon first-classmen at West Point a few years ago. Such practices are the outgrowth of the idea with which many young men of wealthy or well-to-do parents have of going to college "to have a good time." In pursuit of this idea the strong lead the weak from mischief, compulsory or other wise, through outlawry of various grades into crime. The basis of most of this mis chief and Its aftermath is found in an utter disregard of the rights and feelings of others. The bully, through his pow ers of intimidation, becomes a tyrant, and as all tyrants are more or less lawless, he scouts law, especially the unwritten laws of courtesy, kindness and true gsn tlllty, and forces those who follow him, willingly or unwillingly, to run the whole gamut of tho minor crimes under the name of "college pranks." It Is manifest that the ordinary preparatory course, for college seriously lacks one thing a careful drill In the ethics of the rights of the Individual. The National Educational Association will meet In annual session in. Boston next month. A careful estimate from data that have been furnished Indicates that about 25,000 teachers of all grades of public school work will attend this convention. A. large proportion of these will go up from states and cities that are relatively new as compared with Boston and other educational centers of the New England and Middle States. But they will carry thither the abound ing life of the great West and North west as pulsing through an educational system founded upon Eastern models, but which has expanded wonderfully to meet the conditions of growth and op portunity in these vast, busy sections of the country. The Western cities, says the Boston Herald, "which are now leading the Nation and the world In bold educational experiment and eager devotion to the broadest Ideas of pop ular education, have had the advantage of a clean slate for marking out their task, and freedom from fettering In herited traditions. They can plant as they please in preparing for the future without having to tear up by the roots a system planted long since and prosperously- thriving." There Is a good, deal in this estimate that the far-seeing educator will appreciate, but there can be no radical departure from, educa tional standards set up in Boston and other cities of the East, while yet the West was an untrodden wilderness, without more or less loss to true cul ture. These standards can be elab orated, but never destroyed. That they have been elaborated, sometimes to their detriment,, is no doubt true. The pathway of education, If it lead to learning, is everywhere marked by dili gence, energy and persistence. The great Weijt Northwest and Pacific Coast may well be proud of the repre sentative teachers when they send to this convention, representing as they will expansion in an educational sys tem that has strengthened old lines while ruining many that are instinct with the vigor and the promise of youth. The Forward is a monthly publica tion issued at Ontario, Or. The number before us contains full and excellent de scriptions of the Eastern Oregon coun try along the Snake River boundary, and of Idaho, on the opposite side of the river. The accounts presented In the pages of this magazine of the progress and prospects of Irrigation In the Snake River and Malheur River country are of high Interest and value. Through Ir rigation a great area there is destined within a few years to reach a state of wonderful productivity. The land is there, and the water Is there; and the enterprise of the people Is fast bring ing the water upon the land. The ele vation Is much less than that of most Eastern Oregon due to the great watercourse that traverses it, and little subject, therefore, to frost Ontario, Nyssa and Vale are growing places and becoming fine towns. John Wesley was not so fond of women as John Knox, the famous Scot tish preacher of the Reformed religion, for Knox at 58 years of age inarrled a girl of 16 for a second wife, who became by him the mother of three children. Mary, Queen of Scots, who was a devout Catholic, expressed great disgust and contempt for Knox In this matter, saying that If he wished a second wife he should have married a woman near his own age Instead of marrying a young girl who had but just finished her childhood. Determination of the publicity com mltttee of the Lewis and Clark Expo sition to wait until the St Louis fair Is well under way before attempting big things at advertising Is based on common sense. Money expended now would be almost wasted; yet meantime every resident of the Oregon Country can personally do a little In the way of publicity. The aggregate result will be large. Breathitt County, Kentucky, now given over to terrorism, contains 14,000 popula tion, and in 1S00 cast 1573 votes for Bryan and 850 Votes for McKlnley. It was named for John Breathitt, former Governor of tho state. Over S000 of Its population has come since 1S80, so it can lose some with out vanishing from the census returns. Today at MIddletown, Conn., the com mencement exercises of Wesleyan Uni versity will Include an address by President Woodrow Wilson, of Prince ton University, on "John Wesley's. Place in History," and Richard Wat son Gilder will recite a poem. On this side of the water everybody will say "So mote It be" to Emperor William's sincere wish for close and en during relations between the United States and Germany. Emperor William's tribute to Presi dent Roosevelt at the Kiel banquet Fri day will make good campaign literature for distribution among German voters in the Fall of 1304. Lipton at lunch with Roosevelt, the German Emperor dining with Ambassa dor Tower this seems to be an active season for mixing,-in the highest social circles. ; NOTE AND QQHMEXT. . Tli Lamest ef the Wather'M, Pm just a simple weather man And do nsy best to -please. But If I make It shining bright. " The people want to freeze. Whene'er I ax It nice and warm The people cry for rain. And should I sprinkle everything They want It dry again. Whene'er 1 chase the clouds away. And sweep the heavens clear The bunch begins to call me names That I dislike to hear. Ob, how I wish the time would coma When I could do things right And people wouldn't all get sores And wish that black was wnite. Life's Minor Trials. BILLS. : Scandals. HoW-ups. Open draws. Crying babies. Wooden walks. Insurance agents. Washington street Losing ball teams. Paying water rent Crowded street cars Open cars in the rain. Friend with bad cigar. "Busy now; call again." Rough edges on collars. Rain in the summer time. Magazines with uncut pages. Telephone lines out of order. People with subscription lists. People with champlon-slzed eggs. Friend who would like to borrow a V. Messenger boys who want "10 cents for delivery." And last but not least, the barber who always yells "You'ce next!" By Their Voice Ye Shall Know Them In the good old subber tlbe, In the good old subber tlbe. Walking down the shady lade, Wld youd (Here the unfortunate singer broke off to sneeze, and the reader will have to supply the rest of the song himself). A They Do It There. (Being an extract from the "Holy City Morning Bugle.") A large band of angels will be put to work on Jerusalem street today, laying the new gold pavement which was ordered some time ago. The surface coating of metal will be three Inches thick, on a base of six Inches of silver. The space In be tween tho car tracks will be paved with rubies, laid in diamond dust St Peter avenue Is to be Improved In the near future, with an amber roadway, and meerschaum gutters. The curbs are to be of pearl, with a platinum band along the outer edge to keep the chariot wheels from defacing the improvement The authorities are contemplating the laying of amethyst sidewalks along Beth lehem boulevard. This will make this thoroughfare one of the most attractive in the city, as the driveway is already sur faced with a fine pavement of Jade blocks. The new walks will have cameos set In every ten feet Mount Olivet Park Is to be creatly im proved during the coming Summer. A large alabaster statue of Adam will be erected at Nebuchadnezzar Circle, and several radium drinking fountains will be set up in different parts of the park. A new gold bandstand will' be built at the Gates of Gaza, and the Holy City Harp Band will give a concert every other even ing. Abate the Nuisance. Deseret Evening New3. The public put up with a great deal of unnecessary noise on the Fourth of July, and say little about explosions that have nothing attractive about them, because they are looked upon as allowable on that occasion; if not as ebullitions of patriot Ism, as Vehicles for the boisterous enthu siasm of the small boy who delights in making a rumpus. But there is not much patience exhibited over the racket that Is being made now, by day and by night, on the streets, with toy torpedoes and other combustibles. Bombs are exploded on street-car tracks, horses are frightened Into a panic, accidents are frequent and the public peace Is disturbed, and all to no good purpose. There Is not even the excuse of "fireworks" to attract pleased attention. It Is nothing but horrible blasting, most exasperating to nervous folks and of no benefit to anybody. The police should be instructed to arrest tho peace-destroyers who are thus guilty of breaking the city ordinances, and an ex ample should be made of a few of the urchins and hoodlums who have no re gard for the feelings of other people. The nuisance Is becoming unbearable, and ought to be stopped. Danger In Groundless Strikes. Chicago News. The strike is labor's last resource. Its use Is a serious matter so serious that the experlence'd labor organization will go out of Its way to get a fan- settlement br other means. So long as this weapon Is held in reserve or used only when all oth er weapons fail its moral effect is great When a union which has made itself known to the public as opposed to needless strikes flndy itself so unjustly treated that a strike Is unavoidable. It has strong claims to public sympathy. The feeling will be widespread that such a body re sorts to extreme measures only because all other methods of getting justice have failed. It is equally plain that the effect of frequent and groundless strikes must be .to destroy public confidence In labor unions. Experienced labor leaders recog nize this and are using their influence to prevent unnecessary and therefore unjus tifiable strikes. . A Good Example. Indianapolis News. Mr. Foulke la setting a very commend able example by quitting his Government job because he wants to engage in parti san political work, but It is so unusual that It is not likely to become what could be called a custom. The Side of Safety. Denver Republican. Incidentally, If you see a boy with a toy pistol, take it away and give him a "real revolver. It Is less dangerous. The Ballad of Dead Ladles.' RossetU's translation of Villon. " Tell me now in what hidden way Is Lady Flora the lovely Roman? "Where's Hipparchla, and where Thais, Neither of thm the fairest woman? Where is Echo, beheld of no man, Only heard on river and mere She whoe beauty was more than, human? But where are the snows of yester-year. Where's Heloise, the learned nun. For whose sake Abelllard, I ween. Lost manhood and put priesthood on? (From Love he won such dule and teen!) And where, I pray you. Is the Queen Who willed that Burldan should steer . Sewed in a sack's mouth down the Selnet' But where axe the snows of yester-year? "White Queen Blanche, like a queen of lilies. With a voice like any mermalden Bertha Broadfoot, Beatrice. Alice. And Erman garde the lady of Maine And that good Joan whom Englishmen At Rouen doomed and burned her there Mother of God. where are they then? But where are the snows of yester-year? Nay. never ask- this week, fair lord. Where they are gone, nor yex this year. Except with this for aa overwore But where are the ssowa of yesier-yerT