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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (May 10, 1903)
THE BTmDAY 1)EG0NIA, PORTLAND, MAY 10, 1903. 8 at the Postofflce at Port! tad. Ore jot. as second-class matter. MVISED SUSSCRIHPTION RATES. Wly. with Sunday, per year, ........ 8.00 Z.WJ Weekly, per yearj be TVrpVtv K Tnnnffe ............ 'Ta City Subscriber . "iy. per delivered. Bunaay exccyLru. r. per week, delivered. Sunday mciuacu. POSTAGE RATES. TJntf Ktoto. rnil!i and MltLO I "to 14-page papr .. ...lo If to 80-paro paper f O to 4-ptx paper m Foreign rates double. Jtews or discussion Intended for publication The Oregonlan should te addreied inraxia- Mr "Editor The Oregonlan." not to the same say Individual. Letter relating to adver- subscription cr to any business matter wuld be addressed simDlr "The OresroaVan-' the Oregonlan does not buy poems or stories . Individuals, and cannot undertake to re jit manuserlnt nrnt to It Without aolld- tion. No stamps should be inclosed for this Bnwu Eastern Business Office, 43. 44. 43. 47. 48. tbune building. New Tork City; oiu-ii- ibune building. Chicago: the S. a Beckwltb. Special Agency. Eastern representative. For sale in Eaa Francisco by L. E. iee. -rw tcc Hotel news stand: Goldsmith Bros.. 250 Baiter etreet: T. W. Pitts. 1003 Market street; I J. K. Cooper Co.. 746 Market street, near the Palace Hotel; Foster & Orear. Ferry news rtand; Frank Scott 80 EUls street, and N. IWheatley. 813 Mission street. Tor sale In Los Anceles by B. F. Gardner. ! South Spring street, and Oliver & Haines, 06 South Spring street. For sale In Kansas City. Ma. by Rlcksecker I Cigar Co., Ninth and Walnut streets. For sal In Chicago by the P. O. News Co., BIT Dearborn street, and Charles MacDonald. H Washington street. For sale In Omaha by Barkalow Bros., loiz I JTarnam street; Megeath Stationery Co., 1308 Famam street. For sale In Ogden by W. O. Kind. 114 25th Street, J as. H. Crockwell. 242 25th street. For sale In Salt Lake by the Salt Lake News I Co., 77 West Second South street. For sale In Washington. D. a. by the Ebbett 'Souse sews stand. For sale in. Denver. Colo., by Hamilton & I JCeodrlck. 806-912 Seventeenth street: Louth an Jackson Book & Stationery Co.. Fifteenth sad Lawrence treats; a. Series. Sixteenth and Curtis streets. TODAY'S WEATHER Partly cloudy and oc- ' fcaslonally threatening; northerly winds. YESTERDAY' S WEATHER Maximum tem perature, CO deg.; minimum temperature, 51 ceg.; no precipitation. iJ'ORTLAXD, SUNDAY, MAY 10, 1O03. EMERSON'S CEXTEXARY. The month is to see the centenary of Emerson's birth, and the paucity of references to him in the May magazines Is already subject of complaint. The Critic has done well, but the, rest savor tof the perfunctory. Probably this com plaint Is just, though its grounds seem to have been inadequately explored; tor Emerson is one of our greatest names a force to be ranked high in this or any other time. His merits are many and of a supreme sort. His fall ings are those of the mightiest work ers in the world of thought and the etress of life. No man's work was more needed In our formative period. No man's character serves more fittingly lor an ideal in these latter days ot Imperfect knowledge and mad fush for wealth and prepossession of material ism. No man ever lived in the New World Who stamped his impress upon more minds, directly and Indirectly, or whose message to all was of purer gold Through his books and through per sonal Influence among hundreds who came under his spell he strengthenea inestimably the forces of the higher life and dealt deadly blows at mean ness, superstition and sham. This is a high calling. It Is as noble an aim as life holds for man. It deserves to be honored when the exploits of the soldier and the triumphs of the trader are forgotten. To this day his personal influence, transmitted through his pu plls, irradiates countless lives. To this day his printed pages stir thousands to thought and action. He belongs with the teachers of men; and few are they among this noble company whose gospel has been everywhere so sane, so blameless, so uplifting. They say of Emerson that he was not an originator, but a borrower. How true this is in part, and yet how false in its natural assumption, it would be profitless to discuss. Originality, after all, is a thing of degree. The trans muter of the good is better than the originator of the indifferent A stand ing joke of Harvard is of the preacher who expressed disappointment in Plato because he had found it all before In Emerson. The Golden Rule compels us to laugh at the witticism, but se cretly we may reflect that life has been made nobler for myriads through Em erson whom Plato would never reach. tAnd as for borrowing, who is guiltless? What Is Homer but the embalmer of a nation's folk songs? What is Shakes peare but the alembic In which were fused the beginnings of romance with the exhaustless stores of human nature? (This most admirable bust upon your mantel was It not stolen bodily from the Carrara hills? This ralnbow-hued decanter' Is it not some Inconsequential sandbank In mere paraphrase? They say that Emerson did not dls fcover the truths he taught in the realm Df religious freedom and revelations of science. This charge Is perhaps less true than the other; but If It were true. there is an invincible demurrer. He is not of greatest use who finds ttilngs but he who makes them available. What we need Is not facts, but facts adapted to life's needs. Science Itself Is of very little use until the proper art has brought its raw materials into fin ished products of spiritual grace and power. This was the pre-eminent serv Jce of Emerson. "Not only Is Emer Bon's religious sense entirely undaunt ed by the discoveries of science," said the great Tyndall, "but all such dls coverles he comprehends and ass 1ml lates; by Emerson scientific conceptions are continually transmuted into the finer forms and warmer hues of an ideal world." "The Origin of Species" was not published until 1S59, but in 1S30 Emerson had already written: A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings. The eye reads omens where It goes. And speaks all languages the rose. And. striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form. No list of great Americans would be complete without the name of Emer son. What Washington was to our civic freedom, and Marshall to our jurisprudence, and Franklin to our common life, Emerson was to our Na tional philosophy. In our views of Na ture and duty, God and the soul, it Is truer of Emerson than of any other American that he formed us. And in the fundamental conceptions which he taught he borrowed from no one. The key with which he unlocked the se crets of science and the mysteries of faith was his own. That clear Insight which welcomed truth, from whatever ftource, serene in the consciousness that God in his world, was as original with him as with, Tennyson or Browning or Uxtlne&u, With him this philosophy was an Inspiration, whereas with others It Is often the slowly maturing process of many sorrows and lifelong tolL For this, its native spontaneity. Is it none the less to be revered, loved, trusted? Nothing else than becoming in the wor shiper is the homage paid to these rare souls who, like his own HJchaelangelo, Wrought In a sad sincerity. Himself from God he could not free. GENESIS AND STOOD OP ANTI-ISM. In another column on this page Mr. William Lloyd Garrison sees things. It Is an unhappy day we have come upon, If one will but look through his blue glasses. Our land system Is all wrong, our tariff system Is all wrong, our Na tional expansion is all wrong, our im migration policy Is all wrong. Mr. Garrison is an admirable and consist ent exponent of that small but emi nently respectable group of malcon tents of whom the Spanish War fur nished the first adequate designation. As they called themselves, they are antis"; and usually they find them selves, as Mr, Garrison finds himself, in opposition to pretty much all the accepted notions of their race and time. They are Paddy "agin the Govern ment," clothed upon with the habili ments of learning and cultivation. It is the same creature, whether in a Dub lin riot or palatlally housed along Commonwealth avenue, whether some what Justified by oppression or build-. Ing his complaints from the airy noth ings of hypercritical temperaments and excited Imaginations. Human institutions are often mis taken by the antl for artificial crea tions, superimposed upon the race by arbitrary flat of the social order and susceptible of a corresponding over throw by a simple resolve of the pow ers that be. Now human institutions and the usages of nations and races, are nothing of this sort, but are organisms, with their roots in thousands of years of painful and viclssltudlnous develop ment, with their leaves and branches unceasingly taking from and giving to the environing atmosphere of common life. Science should have taught us by this time that the social or political revolutionist is as reasonably expect ant of success as he would be who should propose In a night to change the leopard's spots or transform the oak Into the pine. Our land tenure is the product of human experience from the dawn of history. Everything else has been tried, time and time again, and suggestions have been incorporated from many civilizations; but the tree as it stands is adapted to its environ ment Otherwise it could not flourish so prosperously to the despair of the orists. It is Just so with the National poli cies of the United States. It is going on 300 years here now since trade and manufactures began their career in the American colonies. Our mother coun try Is free trade; and our thinkers and traders have been withdrawn from every country under the sun and from every school of theory and practice. But with the example of the mother country constantly before us, and with a business thrift and adaptability and insight which have become the despair of all competitors, no serious departure has ever been made from the consistent National policy of preserving the home market and giving our producers what ever advantage this affords them in conquering markets abroad. One of the most conspicuous triumphs achieved by the protective idea was recorded in the highly protective Wil son law passed by a Democratic Con gress in 1894. One would suppose that If there were any National function which the antl would despair of abolishing. It would be the tendency of virile peoples to en large their boundaries; but he is as Ijllnd to the records of history as to the impertousness or present exigency. "Do not grow old," let us say to the oak, "for while as a sapling you are happy and secure, in age the storm may wreck you or the worm decay." This advice has been given to every great nation in the hour of its nascent do minion. No less a voice than Lord Macaulay's resisted the British step to India; and' in the United States every acquisition of territory has presaged to the antl the opening of numberless vials of wrath and whole apocalypses of ghastly hued horses and trumpeting angels of doom. But the procession moves on, and they who sit In scorn upon the housetops must not complain If the throng declines to take their mutterlngs seriously. The same antl who Is "stricken to the soul at every fresh manifestation of his country's greatness and power syn chronously quakes at the recognition given to the uncouth masses of our working people. Power Is to him thing of dread omen, whether In the hands of merchant princes or the la boring poor; feeble nervelessness the only good. But it has suited the Amer lean people to conserve the content and welfare of its laboring elements by adopting their views of industry and of immigration. It is entirely negligible In the Garrlsonlan eye whether the masses are contented or enraged whereas to the wise statesman this Is a thing of supreme Importance. The antl would enforce his admirably con structed theory of trade and migra tion, at whatever peril of social up heaval; and It is only jiecessary to reflect that if once the social organ ism could be captured by such theor ists and their Ideas executed by an aggregation of force which It is start ling to contemplate and whose devasta tion would be something unparalleled since the French Revolution, they would themselves be the first to revolt against the new order and resume their snarl. Your true antl Is not to be imagined as the trusting and en thusiastlc supporter of any regime that could possibly be set up. In as few words as possible let us sum up the sources of anti-ism. One Is the abnormal development and un restrained exercise of the critical fac ulty. In moderation and duly subordi nated to the constructive faculties, it is in its place and useful; ungoverned It merely destroys. Another is the In ability to get outside one's self and re flect that perhaps, after all, the mill Ions may be right and the protestants wrong. Another is the mental const! tution and habit of conservatism, use ful when it resists foolish Innovation like the silver heresy, useless when it throws Itself across the path of prog' ress. Another Is. the ignoratlon of one of the most potential elements In the social organism human nature. Ab stract principles, however logical and beautiful in the books, cannot be ap plied in politics without great adapta tion to popular conceptions, right or wrong. " Currency theories cannot b realized against the habit of the masses; no more can tariff 'theories, or immigration theories, or land theories. Human labor cannot be bought and sold like wheat and iron; for it is a commodity whose emotions and ambi tions and feelings must be reckoned with. Government is not a thing of axioms and theorems and corollaries; it Is the adaptation of simple principles to very complex life. This was Burke's great lesson to the world, but for the antls he lived In vain. The -crowning- defect in the constitu tion of the antl, and that which calls for reprobation as well as disapproval. Is in the mainspring of his activity. which is not In the Intellect at all, but in the heart For anti-Ism, In Its vital essence. Is sublimated selfishness. The man cares more for his theories than for mankind. He loves, not the negro, but himself; not the Chinaman, but himself; not the greatness of his coun try, nor the welfare of its masses, nor the progress of Its institutions, nor the happiness of mankind, but himself Rather than that his theories should not have free course and be glorified, the earth should run red with blood and the clock of time turn backward on its track. He would cheerfully die for his beliefs; but no jot or tittle of them would he abate that the hungry might be fed or contentment spread its wings over the camps of trade and labor's lowly roof. The antl holds the masses in supreme contempt They are noth ing to him. But honors are easy, for he is nothing to them. And in a, represen tative government he does not, there fore, greatly signify. In this country, at least, rule Is not by book, but by the'; voice of the majority. Government is not a proposition In geometry; It 13 merely a vehicle for realizing the de sires of its constituent units. What 13 right Is what the people want And they have means to enforce their will. Few of us, perhaps, are at all times altogether at ease with the course of human life. But the great tide flows on Inscrutable as the solar system In its flight through space. And, after all, it might be worse. After all, perhaps, the Hand that planned and guides may have the advantage of us In more ex tensive acquaintance with the facts. Some admirable things may still be seen abroad. If one be not too much preoccupied and have the price. THE DESTRUCTION OP FORESTS. The leading Eastern newspapers make extensive comment on the fact that two of the great sources of wealth on the Pacific Coast are decreasing with comparative rapidity because we do not protect our splendid forests nor our in comparable supply of food fishes, like the salmon, as carefully as Is done In Europe. Doubtless there Is a good deal of force to this criticism, but the expla nation of our imperfect protection lies largely In the fact that we are a young Nation and that under our free demo cratic Institutions it Is not as easy to protect our forests or our food fishes from wanton destruction as It Is In old Europe. For at least a thousand years nearly every government in Europe has sought to protect Its forests. Original ly .the great forests were game pre serves for the King and his landed no bility, and were thus considerably pro tected from wanton Invasion. Then, when shipbuilding began, an Important Industry, the forests were preserved carefully, because they furnished tim ber for the King's navy. The govern ments of Europe were for hundreds of years little better than despotisms, whose will was law to the people, and even today, under constitutional gov ernments like those of -Great Britain, Germany, France and Austria, It Is eas ier for a centralized authority to pro tect forests and fisheries from spolia tion than under our form of govern ment, under which each state enjoys home rule and makes Its own laws con cernlng forests and fisheries. While It would not be just to call our people a lawless race, nevertheless under our free democratic Institutions it is not easy In new states or, for that matter in the old states to make peo pie obey religiously the laws which seek to preserve our timber forests from wanton destruction, or our great salmon fisheries from depletion. Want of thought rather than evil intent Is re sponsible for nine-tenths of the great fires which annually destroy our tim ber forests, both on the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts. The first explorers, the first settlers in the United States, found woods, nothing but woods, everywhere. "Verazzani, describing the coast of North Carolina as he found it early In the six teenth century, reported forests every where. Sixty years later Arthur Bar- lowe discovered Virginia and described it as a land of timber .trees, oak, chest nut, walnut and "fir trees fit for masts of ships, some very tall and great This part of Virginia, where Sir Walter Raleigh planted his English colony, Is today a sparsely wooded, wretched looking country. The noble woods that once covered all that region and com manded the admiration of the first Eng lish settlers have entirely disappeared. The English navigator, Bartholomew Gosnold, reported the Island of Martha's Vineyard 'as "overgrown with fair trees." The Jesuit fathers, voyaging up and down the St Lawrence, the Great Lakes and the Mississippi, report woodland wilderness on every side. As late as 1788 Captain John May sailed on a flatboat down the Ohio from Pittsburg to Louisville, Ky., through a region with thick forests on either side of the river. Near the river's margin elk, buf falo and deer were seen; venison and wild turkeys were the dally diet and the river was alive with fish. The downfall of the woods had begun, for the eastern boundary of Pennsylvania was marked in 1780 by a vista forty feet wide cut straight though the for est to the margin of Lake Erie. As late as 1842 the banks of the Ohio be tween Pittsburg and Cincinnati were for the most part deep solitudes over grown with trees. Even as late as 1865 Ohio was densely forested, but today In its central and southern parts the woods have almost entirely disap peared. It "is not the ax of the settler that Is chiefly responsible for the rapid destruction of our forest wealth; it Is due to forest fires and to the modern demand for timber and wood products in far greater variety than was known before the day of our Civil War. The mountains of Eastern New England have been completely denuded of their ancient luxuriant growth of ash, beech, birch and maple through the expansion of the woodenware and agricultural Im plement industry. The White Hills and the Green Moun tains have been skinned off their fine spruce forests to supply the pulp mills. The hemlocks were decimated during our Civil War, when tanneries multl plied all over the North. Vermont and New York once had splendid white-pine forests, but today Canada and Michi gan supply New York and New Eng land with Its pine, for even Maine, the ancient Pine-Tree State, has to send to Ptiget Sound to get spars for her ships. Outside of her spruce forests, New England has few valuable trees left, and the pulp mills have already consumed so much of spruce limber that much of the ancient beauty of the White Hills Is gone never to return. The extension of railroads has, ;of course, greatly helped to deforest dur country, since a vast number of trees have been cut to supply ties. About 3000 ties are required for each mile of roadbed, and the ties must frequently be renewed. Red cedar Is in demand with mining engineers; so are cypress, larch and pine. Pitch-pine logs go to the mines of Great Britain, and Doug las spruces go to the mines of Australia. Maud P. Going, in the New Tork Evening Post, reports that the great Anaconda mine. In Montana, alone uses up nearly 1,000,000 cubic feet of Umber each-year, and coal mines are Insatiable devourers of logs. The chief of the Di vision of Forestry says our wood con sumption per capita Is, not counting firewood, eight or ten times that of Ger many, eighteen or twenty times that of Great Britain. The forests of the North Pacific Coast have been depleted by the reckless employment of fire to clear land by the great railroads and by the individual settler and by the miner. who, says Senator Dubois, of Idaho, i'ls responsible during the past twenty years for the destruction of hundreds of miles of virgin forest" To the ques tion, "What Is posterity to do with this forest problem?" even so able and sci entific an observer as Professor Shaler despairingly replies: "To meet the de mand for construction woods, which generally require half a century or more" for their growth, and at the same time secure a sufficient area for tillage, affords one of the most difficult and per plexing questions which civilization has to encounter." BETTER? THAX FREE LIBRARIES. Mr. Carnegie's gift of $600,000 to Tus- kegee Institute Is the wisest act of his life since he began the distribution of his vast wealth in acts of public benefi cence. Gifts of libraries to cities and towns which are able to support them selves nourishes a spirit that Is de structive of proper civic pride and dig nity. The town of Saugus, Mass., has refused to accept a Carnegie gift, say ing that It will continue to pay for its own library as for Its streets and other publlo Institutions. The people of Stoneham, In the same state, have ac cepted $15,000 from Mr. Carnegie for a library building, but only after a close vote. A number of the leading citizens of the town protested against the evil consequences of depending upon the benefactions of rich men, saying that 'a community no more than an Individ ual can indulge the mendicant spirit secure from its demoralizing effect" The City of Portland, a good many years ago, after a very disastrous fire. declined, through the late Henry Fall Ing, then Mayor, to accept financial aid from other cities. Mayor Falling said that the City of Portland, while scorched, was not slain, and could and would promptly rebuild Its burnt dls trict and take care of the needy suffer ers hy fire. The gift of Mr. Carnegie to the great Industrial school for the colored race at the South Is far wiser than gifts ot free libraries to cities and towns cre ated and maintained by the whites. The white people, North and South, kept the black race In slavery, and they are responsible for their redemption to the extent of helping the children and grandchildren of wageless labor to an Industrial education that will help to keep them above pauperism and crime, The running expenses of -the great school at Tuskegee are $152,000 annu ally. This sum has to be raised by Mr. Washington from private subscriptions. Even with the Carnegie gift, the pres ent endowment amounts to only $710, 000, yielding about $35,000 annually for expenses over four times that sum. A further endowment of at least $1,000,000. says Mr. Washington, Is wanted to put the school on a secure financial basis. The obligation of the whites of the United States to support this school rests on moral grounds. The white population consented to the creation of negro slavery and to Its perpetuation, This wageless labor marched hand In hand with Illiteracy and licentiousness, for no slave could be legally taught to read and write, and no slave had any conjugal rights that could not be tram pled under foot by his master. His master could make the slave's wife or his daughters his concubines. He could sell the slave from his wife; he could sell the mother from her chll dren. For this great crime the North Is as much responsible as the South, and the least that the country can do to atone for this great wrong Is to help this man Booker Washington lift the negroes of the South to the level of decent, self- supporting manhood through Industrial education, In which lies the best hope for his redemption from Ignorance, In dolence, pauperism and crime. The ex perience of the British West Indies whose slaves were emancipated In 1837, proves that the Industrial education sl the negro has been followed by excel lent results. The late Simon Cameron of Pennsylvania, when in the United States Senate, visited the Bahamas and found the emancipated slaves, through the common school and. Industrial edu cation, had become the artisan class of those islands. Before the Civil War slaves who had been industrially educated furnished two-thirds of the mechanics of the South. The best hope for the negro at the South lies In the efforts for his industrial education made by Booker Washington. No right thinking man denies that the negro Is entitled to personal and industrial rights, and yet no Intelligent, right thinking man denies that in his present stage of development the negro must be counted among the political in capables. The negro problem at the South cannot be solved by deportation to Africa or to Brazil, as Abraham Lincoln suggested; neither can . the negro population be corralled, as some doctrinaires suggest There are nearly 8.000,000 blacks at the South. It is ab surd to talk about deporting or corrall ing 8,000,000 people which form the bulk of the best labor of the South. The in telligent ruling clas3 at the South would not favor any such scheme, even if it were practicable. The replacement of the'negro by the Chinaman Is an idle dream. The negro did not come to the South voluntarily, but he has come to stay for better 6r for worse. What remedy is there for a situation that Is lamented by the best friends of the blacks In their own race and among hu mane, Intelligent whites? Goldwln Smith, a scholar by acquire ment, t statesman by his service, in the British Parliament, confeseev.that while there is no sovereign remedy, he believes that "the beat hope of Improve ment lies In the partition of Industries, j Xhlch would keep the races apart and 55et in friendly intercourse with each other. The white at the South Is net a tiller of the soil; he cannot raise cotton or rice. The negro Is unsulted to manu factures and to city employments gen erally outside of domestic service. Fu sion of races there can. never be. Nor without fusion can there be political or social equality. But there may be peace." From the point of view ot public moral duty we owe the blacks a work ing chance to make of themselves some thing better than the vile education of slavery made them. We pension a sol dier who Is helpless because he fought our battle, right or wrong; we educate the deaf and dumb and blind because their condition is their misfortune, not their fault. The vices of slavery are the negro's misfortune, not his fault and we owe him an industrial education to help him cut loose from the heavy knapsack we strapped upon his back. Mr. Carnegie could not do better with his money. An Industrial education that will make two Industrious, orderly. self-supporting blacks at the South where there was only one before is better than the needless multiplication of free libraries among white people who can easily obtain all the books that are necessary to sound citizenship. If we cannot Impart enough Industrial ambition and knowledge to the negro to make him self-supporting, we shall be obliged to support him ourselves either l pauper In the almshouse or as a prisoner In the penitentiary. The climate of England and Ireland Is not greatly unlike that of Western Oregon, and there are plenty of wild plants In bloom on May day. It is an Interesting fact that before Christian ity swept over Europe, the plants were named for the pagan deities. The names of Venus' flytrap and Juplters Beard survive. The hyacinth has a floral name of Greek mythologic origin, and our anemone, or wild flower, has Greek designation. Narcissus is from the Greek mythologic story. Many other illustrations might be given. From Christianity came the floral name of Christ's Thorn, which Is supposed to have supplied the material for the crown. All blossoms with "Virgin" prefixed, as the clematis called "Vir gin's Bower," were named In honor of the mother of Jesus, and those, too, that have "Maiden," as Maiden s Hair, and any form of "Mary," as Marigold. Each flower that has "Lady" today In Its title was originally "Our Lady," as 'Our Lady's Slipper" and "Our Lady's Tresses." In the early days many flowers were named after the saints, and some of these are retained to this day, as St John's Wort, St Peter's Wreath, St Andrew's Cross, St Jo seph's Lily and Veronica. Solomon's Seal Is a floral name of ancient origin quoted by English writers of the six teenth century. Our Lady's Thistle takes its name from a Christian legend. The Frltlllarla, or Checkered Lily, the oxalis, the scarlet anemone, the poppy. the banana, the aspen, all figure in Christian legends concerning the Sav ior's life and death. The willow used for scourges has ever since been the weeping willow. The elder is supposed to be the tree upon which Judas hanged himself. A fungus that grows on the elder was originally called Judas' Ear. Concerning the woods which formed the cross, authorities differ, some thinking it was formed ot the cypress. the cedar, the pine and the box, while others Include the fir and the apple tree. Shakespeare makes Perdita, In "The Winter's Tade," distribute many flowers to her guests. She hands rose mary and rue to those of middle age; she talks of carnations, gllly flowers, lavender, mint, marjoram, marigolds, and he makes her name among Spring flowers daffodils, violets, primroses, ox lips and the flower de luce. The Eng land of Shakespeare was clearly as fond of flowers as the England of our own day, and in his writings there are many allusions to the celebration of May day, to the May pole, the May buds and other flowers of Spring. William J. Bryan, In his reply to a recent editorial In the Boston Herald, asks almost plaintively "If It Is meddle some for him to take a part in Demo cratic politics." Whereupon that un sympathetic paper responds, "That de pends upon the kind of a part he takes," adding, "If his effort tends to divide the party, and by so doing to prevent that union or its members wnicn is essen tial to its success, it Is worse than med dlesome It Is mischievous." Strange how people having the same data upon which to base political conclusions dif fer. If Mr. Bryan has any excuse for hammering away at National politics. It Is found In the assurance that such action will make Democratic defeat In 1904 easy, it already being practically certain. The Chilean Congress has passed a bill providing for the construction of a railway over the Andes to connect Buenos Ayres with Santiago and Val paraiso. A railway extending from Buenos Ayres to the Cordilleras at Ushallata Pass, to connect with the line from Valparaiso, Is being constructed by the Argentine government," and within a few years there will be direct railway connection between the Atlan tic and Pacific Coasts over the Andes by a line' extending through the heart of Chile and Argentina. The road will shorten the time between Europe and Chile by six or eight days, as the traf fic Is now via the Straits of Magellan. The bulletin of the New York State Board of Health for March says that the mortality from grip for the month of January was 1200, and for February it was increased to 1500. The mortality of March was Increased. 2000 by the disease. There has been a decrease in April. The New York State Board of Health also reports that pneumonia was the cause of 8800 deaths in 1902. In January of this year there were 1223 deaths. In February 1133, in. March 1290. Birlghtfs disease in April caused 726 deaths, a decrease from the previous month. Smallpox has nearly disap peared from the state. Baron Rothschild was haled before the authorities on a luckless day recently, fined $2 and given one day in prison fpr driving his ' automobile at a reckless pace on a Paris boulevard. And yet there are those who assert with all the dogmatism of earnest conviction that wealth insures Immunity from punish ment Race Salclde. New York Sun, To the Editor of the Sun Sir: "When theworld was young It begat more chil dren; but when It Is 'old.lt begets fewer." - "Certainly the best works and of the greatest "merit for. the public, have pro ceeded from tne unmarriea or cnuaiess men." The foregoing were written S0O years ago by Sir Francis Bacon. T. B. READABLE STORY OF LOWELL. J. T. Trewbridge. in the current number of the Atlantic Monthly, tells the follow ing curious incident, in which the poet James Russell Lowell is a leading. If not very brilliant figure: Early In 1S68 I wrote the following Win ter piece, which I print here to illustrate a curious literary circumstance relating to twoT'names, of much greater interest than my own: When evening closes, and -without I hear the snow storm drive and sift. Asd Boreas plunge with many a shout Into the tree and through the drift. Methinks that up .and down. With his merry, mocking clown, Goea the old King who gave away his crown.. The King so old and gray! Alas, alas, the day That saw him part his golden crown To deck fair Summer's forehead gay And Autumn tresses brown I The cruel sisters twain Have robbed him of his train:, N And now all night he laughs and raves. And beats his breast and sings wild staves. And scatters his white hnlr over the graves, A mad and broken-hearted Lear. He roams the earth with crazed brain: Ah. would the gentle Spring were here. The sweet Cordelia of the year. To soothe his bitter paint Fondly believing this to be original, and thinking tolerable well of It, I handed It to Underwood for the Atlantic. He like wise thought well of It, and took it to Cambridge, for Lowell's acceptance. It came back to me with the comment that it had a fault , The leading Idea of the poem was stolen 'Xongfellowniously obtained," as Under wood laughingly said, quoting, I think, his editor-ln-chlef. I Immediately looked up "The Mldnfght Mass for the Dying Year," and was dismayed to find there the Image I had so shamelessly plagi arized: The foolish, fond Old Tear Crowned with wild flowers and -with heather Like weak, despised Lear; the comparison being carried further In the succeeding stanzas. Of course I did not print the poem In the Atlantic, or anywhere else, but flung it aside In wrath and humiliation, and hardly ever gave it a thought afterwards, until I was remind ed of it by the aforementioned curious cir cumstance, to the point of which I am now coming. It Is this: In Lowell's vol ume, "Under the Willows and Other Poems," which appeared ten years later (1S6S), the title poem has on page 10 these lines: And Winter suddenly, like crazy Lear, Reels back, and brings the dead May in his arms. Now this was also undoubtedly an un conscious appropriation o'f the same im age that I had "Longfellownlously ob tained"; and the incomprehensible thins: about it is that Lowell should bavo picked up, ana pocketed, and afterwards have stuck Into his poetical shirt-front the HU tie gem, tne ownership of which he had detected in. my more expansile setting. 'MR. GARRISON REPUBS. He I Impatient Be cans e His Conn. tryHiea Refuse to See ThiHgs an He Does. SEATTLE, Wash., May 8.-To the Edi tor.) Your reference to me in your edi torial of the 6th In connection with the subject of Chinese exclusion justifies a brief rejoinder. Granting that Wendell Phillips lent the aid of his great name to a partial Indorsement of" the restrictive policy, It in no way alters the nature of tho Injustice. At the same period of his life .succeeding the great struggle of which he was the foremost orator, Mr. Phillips entered into political affiliations with General Butler and the leaders of organized labor. Impregnable when on ethical grounds, he betrayed a weakness on the plane of expediency, illustrated not only by his Chinese declaration, but by his Indorsement of protective tariffs. These are lapses that the future biogra pher will glide lightly over because of their dissonance with his vital utterances. The Inalienable right of men to change their residence for purposes of business or pleasure, as conceded by the United States and China in the Burllngame treaty, continues an inalienable right re gordless of any man's objection. to It for political or personal motives. As regards the matter at Issue, The Oregonian advocates tho complete ex clusion of a "painstaking. Industrious, sober and law-abiding" people; to use Its own characterization of the average Chi naman. The very qualities which are most needed in the upbuilding of a state are to be rejected. Why? Is it not be cause of the violent opposition made by voters to wnom tnese very virtues are obnoxious? I have spent the past Winter In Cali fornia, trying to understand the Chineso question with open eyes and mind. Every where, from San Diego, up to Seattle, as I have Journeyed along the coast I have found the same facts staring me In the face. With opportunities for a hundred times as many laborers as exist In this land of great potentialities, not only Ori entals, but white workers, are warned against coming to a place where crops perish for want of help to gather them and the domestic problem abolishes homes and drives families to boarding-houses. flats and hotels. By this exclusion of needed labor, on the same ground that would justify the destruction of labor- saving machinery, the Pacific Coast Is held In the Iron grip of labor organiza tions to a tyrannical degree never before approached In this republic. It militates against the prosperity and growth of the Coast and is sure to bring a reaction which will alike Injure employer and ern ployed. It Is simply intolerable. Every Intelligent man of affairs with whom have conversed laments the condition, and yet confesses unwillingness to antagonize organized labor for fear of injury to his trade or his political standing. In such a dilemma the Chinamen are used unstlntlngly and the busy bee Is no more active. Singularly enough, the chief reason given for not employing the Chi nese Is their high wage. We can't af ford to pay so much," is the invariable reply of householders when asked why they qo not use Chinese house servants, Chinese cheap labor, forsooth! No Yan kee could show a keener sense of the sit uation than these quiet Orientals, who know how to exact the utmost dollar. Everywhere, even among employers who uphold the exclusion policy and denounce the race In the mass, one hears In the same breath extravagant personal praise of the Individual Chinaman employed. wnose nones ty is especially emphasized. I cannot hero discuss the justification wnicn organizea lanor offers for its meth oos or ngnung privilege. Granted that Injustice has driven labor to retaliate in Kma, it is a ratal blindness which at tacks a symptom and Ignores the dls ease. Capitalized privilege Is the product ot iana monopoly ana restrictive tariffs which labor sustains by its votes. Its oppressors will multiply so long as the workers ngnt the shadow for the sub stance. is room enougn and to spare acre, unaer just conditions, for all hu man bings seeking an honest livelihood If the Chinese exclusionlsts would train their guns upon the real enemies of Cal iforhia and. Oregon, the Chinese question wouio vanish. "A mans a man for that." WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON, Goad-FellewafeiB !fet Enough. Philadelphia Ledger. Good-fellowship and nelghborllness are well enough In their way. But they don' make for good government any more .than they make for political -venality and ofn da maladralaJetration. We have no doubt mat uiy wisim t ""v1- B- tion'woaId cordially testify that every other sasnberls.a good fellow and a good neighbor. .Both Captain KIdd and Robin Hood are said to have been gooa reuows, yet their government was not of the Ideal sort. PORTLAND'S ROSE FAME. Philadelphia, Ledger (Reprinted In Knswtw Ctty Star). That Is a charming Idea which the cit izens of Portland. Or., have adopted la preparation for the visitors expected dur ing the celebration of the Lewis and Clark anniversary. They have arranged to have California and the South ship them carloads of rose bushes, and every house holder Is to be given as many as he will agree to plant .and care for. It la simply a delightful sight to contemplate, even' In fancy a city nodding with roses, set about the stoops, trailing over doorways and potted In windows and oh' top off walls, and. In the wards where each house has Ita "yard." twined along the fences and clumped on the lawns till the whole place is filled with color and fragrance, and with the crace of .the beautiful thought. The Portland movement Is an illustra tion ot the success with which the City Beautiful Idea is making Its appeal. The city abiding place of many men, seat of corporate enterprise, scene of civic activ ities, home of churches, schools, theaters, newspapera and such like great public Institutions the city la a thing worthy to be beautified. It Is not enough that some of Its people take thought to orna ment their houses; there must be a civic love ot beauty that will demand the elimi nation of all unsightllnees and insist everywhere upon what Is seemly and good to look upon. As this spirit Is born It will find a thousand particulars In which the city may be lifted out "of the hideous disorder and ill taste which affronts and drags down the even unconscious spirit of its people; shaped Into a kindly sub mission to the rule of order, harmony and simplicity, and touched with elevating and pleasure giving beauty. Men will be better for living in such a city although, per haps, If It is true that a beautiful city will make good citizens. It may be true also that only good citizens can make a beautiful city; that, In some true sense, material loveliness can come only as the outward and visible sign of an Inward and spiritual grace. Why should not American cities' streets . be graced with such trees as make Paris look, from a housetop, like a forest? Why should not staring housefronts be glori fied today with flowers in every window, like one of those Kuropearl cities on the fete on which the city fathers drive round to award prizes to the best window boxes? Why need it be an accepted necessity here that because men have crowded to gether In one spot all the loveliness of nature must be crowded out? Lieutenant-Governor Lee's Case. St. Louis Globe-Democrat If by this remark that be has been more sinned against than sinning Lieu tenant Governor Lee means that the Leg islatures of Missouri and certain state officials were corrupted long before he made their acquaintance, he Is unques tionably right Leo did not Invent the Doodling state machine. He drifted Into a strong current and Is one of hundreds who have floated complacently with the- tide. When the baking powder monopoly captured all Missouri In the Legislature of 1S39 Lee was not a state officer, though e seems to have known how legislation Is bought and sold In Missouri, and who was the most powerful lobbyist in the state when a trust promoter Inquired for him. There are evidences that Lee has a conscience, and that be suffers In mind as' a result of tho boodllng revelations. Therein he differs from some who defy exposure, spit at those who seek to vin dicate honest government and pile oath on oath, as if the truth could be sworn away by explosive fury. Lee has also returned to face the law. His position will be helpful If he tells his whole story, regardless of personal consideration. Sand Lots Orator of Capital. Detroit Free Press. No little restraint Is required to treat the speech made by D. M. Parry to the National Association of Manufacturers In New Orleans with something of the intensity of language which characterized his address. Because of the demand for concessionary spirit, Mr. Parry should have shown some of it if not for himself, for his associates and their common cause. All the suggestions of the situation were that he should make a conciliatory ad dress. Instead he angered and goaded la bor, derided it as Ignorant and servile to mercenary leadership, and likened it to the Huns and Vandals In its moral con ceptions of right and wrong. In, framing his premises he told some homely truths which organized labor Is Itself rapidly grasping, but for the rest he ranged from insult to brutality. He preached for cap ital with the blind fanaticism of, the dem agoguea veritable Dennis Kearney har anguing sympathetic audiences among the sand hills of San Francisco a capitalistic Coxey leading a new army upon Washing ton. Is Their Learning; a Pretense? Boston Transcript What is the trouble with the governing authorities and the scientific experts In American universities? It might be thought that among them, if anywhere. would be found the fullest knowledge of modern sanitary questions and a general up-to-dateness In all sanitary precautions. Yet a typhoid epidemic, which was at tended by S00 cases and by 40 or BO deaths, has only Just ended at Ithaca, for. which high medical opinion holds the authorities of Cornell University partly responsible; and now we have a similar epidemic at Leland Stanford University. At last ac counts there had been 100 cases, but only one death. A large proportion of the new cases are on the college campus. Appar ently the disease Is of a less virulent type than that which wrought such havoc at Ithaca. But if an epidemic of typhoid Is a disgrace anywhere, as it Is In these days of enlightenment it is peculiarly so In a university town. Evading the Civil Service Law. Philadelphia Ledger. The disclosures In the postal service have already brought about some measure of reform in certain directions. The ap pointment of persons as laborers In the department and their subsequent employ ment In clerkships is an easy way to evade the civil service laws and regula tions. Clerks must pas3 the civil service examination. Laborers are appointed without such examination. If they can be promoted to clerkships without exam ination, the civil service regulation i3 a nullity. Such an evasion Is an abuse which cannot be corrected too. quickly. One of the postal regulations provides that employes shall perform only the work In the class In which they are en rolled. Gradatim. Joslah Gilbert Holland. Heaven Is not reached at a single bound; But wo build the ladder by which we rise From the lowly earth to the vaulted skies. And we mount to Its summit round by round. I count this thing to be grandly true; That a noble deed is a step toward God, Lifting the soul from the common clod To a purer air and a broader view. We rise by the things that are underfeet; By what we have mastered of good and gain; By the pride deposed and the passion slain. And the vanquished ills that we hourly meet. Wo hope, we aspire, we resolve, we trust When the morning calls us to life and light But our hearts grow weary and, ere the night. Our lives are trailing the sordid dust. We hope, we resolve, we aspire, we pray. And we think that we mount the air on wings Beyond the recall of sensual things, While our feet still cling to the heavy clay. Wings for the angels, but feet for men! Wo may borrow the wings to find the way Wo may hope, and resolve, and aspire, and pray. But our feet must rise, or we fall again. Only In dreams Is a ladder thrown From the weary earth to the sapphire walls; But the dreams depart and the vision falls. And the sleeper wakes on his pillow of stone. Heaven Is not reached at a single bound; But we build the ladder by which we rise From the lowly earth to the vaulted skies. And we raoent to Its summit; round bV reuaC