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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 12, 1920)
THE MORNING OREGONIAN, THURSDAY. AUGUST .12, 1920 F HER NTERESTS ARE WELL CARED FOR State of Washington Aids Ad . vancement of Agriculture. LARGE SUMS ARE SPENT SITUATION In CHINA HELD VICIOUS CIRCLE Two Parliaments Each Assert Other to Be Illegal. 10,000.0) loO.OltO.00 4:1.0110.00 100.000.00 S."8. 700.00 Conditions Found. Kntirely Differ ent From Those That Prevailed ' in AorLh Dakota Dtricts. ' BY FRANK DALLAM JR. (Fourth and Concluding Aritcle.) So far as the conditions that brought political revolt in North Da kota are concerned, there is little similarity here, for the state of Wash ington has met many of the problems of the farmers in a fairly comprehen sive way and provided against most of the abuses that have been attempt ed upon the agricultural industry from time to time. Jn fact Washington is doing a great deal more for the advancement of the interests and the welfare of the farm er than he or the average citizen realizes. A complete survey of what the jitate has done and is doing to pro mote the development of the agricul tural industry would require the pre sentation of a mass of detail that would weary the reader. A brief summary of a general nature will meet the demands of this article and demonstrate that despite the fact that the urban population of the state ex ceeds the rural by about the ratio of SO to 40, the welfare of the farmers has received a great deal of careful and exceptional consideration. I.lat Makei Impreaaive Showing. Taking from a list of the appro priations by the last legislature those items of expenditure that are in whole or greater part for the benefit of farming conditions, the following showing is made: -Agricultural department 323,724.00 Uee inspection 4,000.00 Director farm markets -'0,000.00 Kxension work tV. S. C.).. 61.06K.00 Weights and measures 35.0OO.0U Ktate fair 41,000.00 Livestock fair prizes 10.000.00 Jute mill at penitentiary 2ti9.000.00 -Varmint" extermination ... 10.000.00 Wild animal bounty 3-j.0OO.00 reclamation 1,000,000.00 i,ana settlement aaministra tion From revolving fund Hydraulic engineer Survey Columbia basin .Survey Snake river project.. Public service commission, in eluding grain inspection... State college i,U4,:;44.80 Permanent highways 4,000,000.00 Public highways, federal aid . 3 ,000.000.00 t'ontracta, hard surfacing....; 2, l."4,0oo.00 Power revolving fund ioo.oott.oo beed inspection o0.000.00 Save Large Sum to Farmers, Without arguing the merits or de merits of the. original railway com mission law ' or the present public service commission act, the fact re mains that the commission, operating under those laws and by virtue of the powers conferred upon it, has in the past effected savings to the farm ers in the reduction of freight rates on farm products that mount into hundreds of thousands of dollars. It has assisted from time to time in se curing cars for the shipment of fruits and other crops, has insured delivery of power for pumping water for irri gation purposes in sections where that action was vital to the very life of the orchards, and otherwise has benefited the farming industry. Every dollar of money spent on roads by the state, and the total sum appropriated for that purpose by the last legislature alone is seen to be Jll. 889,140.32, is placed on roads out Ride of cities, and the construction to date in this state, whether or not most wisely placed or planned, has been of inestimable benefit to farmers in reducing the cost of marketing their products and making living con ditions on the farms irTore desirable. Departments (live Service. The agricultural department, through Its dairy and livestock, hor ticultural and foods, feeds, drugs, bakeries and oil inspection depart ments, gives constant service to many phases of farming. It enforces the sanitary regulations- respecting the dairy industry, policies against the spread of diseases among livestock, helps to protect the orchard areas fro mthe spread of pests, and tree in iciitons. inspects tne seeds grown nere and furnishes certificates, there by encouraging and promoting that important and growing industry, and sees that the laws respecting the man ufacture of feeds Is enforced. The state insurance department, not HBted above, through organization work in grain-growing communities to protect grain fields from fires and its work and investigations to reduce the fire hazard in threshing machines, is giving assistance to farmers that can De counieu in money saved to him. w I.asva Mot Constructive. The state land commissioner' is con Btantly dealing directly with farmers. Through his office the state is now leasing 770,000 acres of land, the bulk of it for farming or grazing. In addi tion to the 4000 leases covering this area, he has outstanding about 3000 contracts for sale, largely-of farm land, and having the discretion given him to make the terms fit the condi tions within reason, many farmers have been given extensions of pay ment to save them from loss due to crop failures or other misfortunes. Two acts of the 1919 legislature alone arc tremendously" constructive In their scope and possibilities and should prove of immense benefit In the development of the state. These are the reclamation and the land set tlement laws. These two statutes are genuine achievements of progress and are designed solely to add to agricul tural opportunity in the state. Under their provisions the board designated to make them operative has adopted broad policies, including the essen tial and vital one of preventing spec ulation in newly created land values, thereby insuring that the primary purpoose of the acts could not be neg atived by greed. Cheaper Powder Provided. For a number of years the question of securing cheaper powder for farm ers for blowing stumps and what other uses they may have for it has been under discussion and the state now carries a $500,000 powder revolv ing fund from which to purchase pow der in wholesale quantities for resale at cost to farmers. Authorization also has been given for the building of storage houses to be located in con venient places to suit the demand. but this provision has never been car ried out for the reason, it is said, that the expenditures in building, guard lng ana redistribution would more than offset any saving in the whole sale purchase price. The last legislature seems to have provided a means for assisting the farmers in this respect, though, by authorizing the boards of county com missioners to purchase powder through tbe board of control wholesale quantities for farmers in the several counties as demand is made. This is said to have proved effective in reducing the cost of ex posives to farmers. Kdueatinaal Work. Exceptional. nOe of the laws most beneficial to agriculture in this state is that au thorizing the counties to employ county agents. practically every county in the state Tias taken advan tage of that authorization and now employs a trained farm adviser, and this corps of men is giving splendid service to the farmin'g communities. They are promoting better production methods and assisting the farmer in a thousand different ways to improve his business. at?heVoY.eS PREVENT PEACE experiment stations, is serving all I classes of farmers to a degree that is incalculable. A wide range or ex periments affecting every phase of the agricultural industry is being carried on by this institution. Through this means better methods of cultiva tion, more perfect adaptation of crops to soils and localities, resulting in higher acre yields; the most desirable crop rotations: scintiflc soil building and maintenance; plant disease pre vention and elimination: weed con trol; more efficient systems of farm management and countless other prob lems of vital importance to the farm ers are being worked out and the klowledge freely disseminated. Farmers' Welfare Not Neglected. From, this superficial survey of state activities it will be seen that neither the individual welfare of the farmer nor the general requirements of the agricultural industry has been neglected- by the people oi wasn ington acting through their govern ment. In fact this summary presents a striking contrast to the condition that admittedly prevailed in North Dakota and really gives little reason for farmers of this state to resort to the means adopted there for securing political expression. This legislation is the work of republican legislatures carried forward over a period oi years in response to the enlightened de mands of a controlling republican majority In this state. The farmers of Washington are not altogether unmindful ot what has been and is being done for and in their behalf in this state, nor of the many concessions that have been made to their conceptions of govern ment, such as the adoption of direct legislation and the extension of demo cratic control over public affairs. I These Tuchuns derive their strength They are aware of the fact that with I jn part from the local provincial rev the means already provided for exert-I enues, which they collect and Military Governors Declared Real Stumbling Block to Effective Constitutional Government. BY THOMS W. LAMONT. (Fourth and Final Article.) No actual constitutional govern ment at present obtains in China. There are two parliaments In exist ence, each claiming the other to be illegal. The de facto government at Pekin functions by virtue of its in heritance from the Manchu regime followed by the presidential adminis tration under Yuon Shih-Kai. He had an ambition to become emperor and form a new dynasty, and therefore. not wishing to be hampered- by con stitutional limitations, he prorogued parliament prior to the adoption of the final constitution. The southern group maintains that had its passage not been blocked by Yuon the constitution as written would have been surely adopted by parliament as the will of the people. Among other things, the constitution provided that no foreign loans should be contracted by the government without parliamentary approval. It is frequently asserted that a ma jority of both the present parliaments have been named by the Tuchuns, or military governors. These men today constitute in China the real stumbling block to effective government and un til they can be controlled or brought to arrange reconciliation, no so-called peace will be effective. ing that control, they can obtain any thing further that they feel necessary, providing it meets with the approval of a majority of their fellow citizens, and they are as much devoted to the principle of majority rule now as ever they have been. Farmers Progressive, Not Radical The farmer occupies the dual posi tion of capitalist and laborer. He is the owner of property, with a capital investment in his lands and improve ments and the tools for working the land to make it profitable, and he does much of the labor that brings him a return upon .his investment, while at seasons he becomes an em ployer. Thus he has an understand ing and appreciation of the problems and conditions affecting both. By reason of the very nature of his busi ness he holds a middle position be tween the two great industrial forces. and both from self interest and un derstanding he will continue to ex ercise a balance of opinion and of ac tion between the two. As a group the farmers may be classed as progressives, but not as radicals. In Washington, as else where throughout the west, they have repeatedly demonstrated their sympathy with legislation designed to advance the general welfare and to abolish evils and abuses in social and political conditions. But now, as al ways, they may be relied upon to re spect sanctioned and established rights and to hold fast to the ele mental verities of life. BIG GRAIN CROP EXPECTED Farmers Getting Binders and Threshers Ready for Harvest. KELSO. Wash., Aug". 11. (Special.) Harvesting of grain in this vicinity is starting this week, and some of the largest harvests ever known here are anticipated if weather conditions are favorable. The grain on diked lands is exceptionally heavy, surpassing that of the past twx years, when oats yielded upward of 150 bushels per acre and wheat from 60 to 70 bushels. So heavy is the sta'nd that, in case of rain, much of it will be lodged. Farmers are busy overhauling their binders and getting threshing outfits in shape. Gathering of the largest hay crop in the history of this com munity is practically completed. Special Fair Days Announced. CENTRAL! A, Wash., Aug. 11. (Spe cial.) Monday, August 23. opening day of the 1920 Southwest Washington fair, has been designated as school children's day and the fair -will . be open to all visitors free of charge. Tuesday will be Willapa harbor day and Wednesday has been designated as Tacoma, Seattle and Portland day, Thursday will be governor's and Elks' day and has been set aside for Grays harbor residents. Friday will be Cen tral. a-Chehalis day and Saturday has been designated as automobile and American Legion day. There will be horse racing four days, ending Friday, and automobile races Saturday. Ice Plant Installed at Kcfeo. KELSO, Wash., Aug. 11. (Special.) i ne iie.so creamery company ha completed installation of its new ice plant and put it into operation today, This plant has a capacity of 10 tons day. A new cold storage room has also been built at the creamery. S. & H. green HoJman Fuel Co. stamps for cash. Main 363. 660-21. Buckhecht fine Shots are priced $8.50 to $14 BUCKHECHT - SHOES A QUIET elegance, a rich simplicity, a colorful harmony conspicuously beautiful are the s fine points of our No. 438. Mahogany calf with invisible eyelets, and modeling that shows the latest refinements in style. 'And on the sole is our trade mark BUCKHECHT a symbol that distinguishes shoes that wear as well as they look. For Sale in Portland By ' . C H. BAKER BUCKINGHAM &c HECHT Manufacturers Simee the eeriy fifties SAM FRANCISCO 'squeeze," and partly from spasmodic grants made by the Pekin govern ment. The Tuchuns and the Pekin government spend so much upon troops that until there has been dts bandment of at least one-half of the troops, thorough-going financial re form is impossible. This whole sit uation is most difficult, for it" consti tutes a vicious circle. Solution la Sngcarested. For instance, as I have just pointed out, the government deficit cannot be wiped out until disbandment of the troops takes place, thus doing away with the extraordinary military ex pense. On the other hand, disband ment cannot be accomplished without a considerable expenditure for paying off soldiers' arrears. Until it can negotiate a loan for these purposes the government cannot do much In the way of disbandment and until it can cut down these military expenses it is aimcuit for it to borrow. The solution, as it would appear to me, is not the military intervention or occupation of certain cities, which a few of the Japanese militarists ad vocate. If, on the other hand, the leadng powers, under whose approval the" new consortium has been organ ized, snould make to the rjresent Pekin government, to the southern government and to all factions in China, including the Hiuchuns, strong diplomatic representations, stating that all his nonsense of an opera bouffe warfare must be dropped and the government must get down to business. I am inclined to believe that the result would be surprising in its enectiveness. I took repeated occasion in China to make clear that until effective reconciliation between the factions has been reached the consortium will be unable to function upon any exten sive financial scale. In the last few weeks, since my return from Pekin, the government has made several Im portant cabinet changes tending ma terially to strengthen the situation. Chinese Integrity Relied Upon. The western governments and also the groups making up the consortium, can in the long run place great re liance upon the integrity and sobriety of the Chinese people and can find in them elements of strong co-operation can encourage them in the devel opment of a more stable government. 1 was greatly impressed with the growth there has been in the last few years in education, the study of political institutions and of govern ment by the students at the various universities and the .liberal-minded men of affairs. . These men are the hope of China today. They are anxious nay, caser- for the consor tium to begin its work there. They declare to me that in its operations lay. China's only hope, and if ever a people deserved our effective friend ship these are the ones. In a mate-, rial way they will repay it a thou" sandfold. China has untold wealth In her natural resources. It requires only stabilization of political conditions there in order to develop these re sources and make the country perhaps the greatest in .the world in actual as well as in potential wealth. In those coast cities of China which are really largely foreign one Is apt to get an incorrect view of the Chi nese, to think that they- present a melancholy picture of disorganization and ineffectiveness. But as I went into the interior., rode on horseback through the little villages and then on through the cultivated plains, coming into personal contact with the people at work, tilling the soil with infinite industry, and as I began to see how they have carried on their civilization without let or hindrance through thousands of years, I became thoroughly imbued with the innate strength of these great people. Japan Anxlona to Co-operate. As to Japan, I have confidence that her people will enter fully into the spirit in which the new consortium has been formed and that her bankers will carry out scrupulously the com pact they have made with their part ners and associates of America, Great Britain and France. They are anxious to co-operate with the other participating powers and many of the Japanese government officials declared themselves con vinced of the desirability of adopting a new policy toward China. I believe the statesmen and financiers of Japan realize that their country lacks the free capital necessary to the construc tive programme that Chind requires and that they are willing to go along in any joint project insuring fair and equal treatment. In the last few years, in pursuance of a political policy, Japan has ad vanced more than 250.000,000 yen to China. It is now realized that a con siderable portion of this money may have found its way into the pockets of dishonest politicians and that the policy of being helpful has been harm ful to both China and Japan. It was inevitable, too, during the recent financial depression, from which hap pily Japan appears to be making re covery, that there wohld be a realiza tion that . Japan, would have fared better if her 250,000,000 yen had been kept at home. I discerned, too, a strong desire upon the part of many Japanese for a stronger, more stable, more orderly and thereiore more sol vent China, as a neighbor, a cus tomer and the source of needed food stuffs and raw materials. Connortium Plan Explained. With Japan's changing ideas to ward China and facing the situation in China itself that 1 have descrbed, with its banking, economc and trans portation systems in a backward state, the consortium comes, with its new policy, not of Imposing some large plan of exploitation and control upon China nor of securing great conces sions from her, but of wishing to ren der China assistance in the develop ment of her great basic public enter prises. The consortium plans to ao inia with the approval and co-operation of the Chinese government and peo ple, with safety of investment tor tne people of the United States, Great Britain, France and japan, to wnom Chinese securities will be onered; with an excellent interest return to such Investors; with a fair pront to the bankers and with the hope on the part of the consortium that with a few years it will have been able to assist China to reach such a point in the development and management nt her enterprises that, as a consor tium. it will be able to withdraw and leave the entire field to Chinese han dling, and to such private foreign en terprise as may continue to be At tracted by the opportunities of China. I do not mean to indicate that the consortium is an eleemosynary insti tution. It cannot possibly runction unless it has a fair margin of profit to work unon. but certainly If the prin ciple laid down or its organization is carried out we shall see no more "spheres of influence" set up in China. Even though the way may be long and difficult, we ought to be able. through the consortium, to attain greater degree of sympathy and part nership among the nations involved and thus contribute as a unit and with one mind toward the assistance of China. Anierlca'a Pre-eminence Pointed Oat. The handling of the whole situation for the long future depends upon the personal element. The banking group representatives at Pekin must be of the highest capacity and character and the spirit of give and take among the groups, at home and among the individual 'members of each group must be broad and sympathetic. Owing to the war the British and French markets may'be unable for some few years.to come to purchase any large amount of foreign securi ties either of China or of any other nation. The American group, there fore, has by force of circumstances jumped from an inconspicuous position in the old consortium to one of prime importance in the new. In this America, as -represented through the group, should be equipped to play a very active part. If so equipped she will be able to envisage the situation so as to lay out, with her experienced partners of Great Britain. France and Japan, a sound and comprehensive plan for the eco nomic and financial development of China. She will be able to bring to American investors the true story of China, the story of the .safety and soundness of those Chinese securities which the American group finds it Belf able to recommend. Through her representatives at Pekin she will be able sympathetically to wield inrtu ence upon the present confused ele ments to make a real contribution to the improving political conditions there. The success of the whole plan rests. In the last analysis, not upon the eovernments involved, but upon our private citizens, upon the peoples of the respective nations, upon their good will, interest and active parti cipation. Finally, in co-operation with the other groups and nations. America will be powerful in bringing about for the future that unity in spirit anu attitude toward China that has been so lacking in the past, and that in the time to come we must count upon to make sure the peace of the far east Cowlitz Marriage Incenses Issued KELSO. Wash., Aug. 11. (Special.) Marriage licenses issued by Auditor R. A. Davis were to: A. J. Ansar and Catherine Parish, Portland: William H. Baker and Dora Kashabusker, Ridgefield. Wash.; Raymond Hansen and Effie Eppling and E. V. Shadduck and Vera Baker, all of Portland. ffSsSs, Vmars the perfect V0bJr In appearance of her com. VrCrt II pic0 Permanent Hi ff temporary skin VkX Ja troubles are effectively Jjff concealed. Reduces un natural color and corrects Vy jjTgreasy skins. Highly antiseptic, ,jljnused with beneficial results as r55r Ua curative agent for 70 years. ivayGoes W The delightful little comedienne 1 in a laughable comedy-drama TRAILED BY THREE" The great American story of thrills, "close calls" and action. UNTIL SATURDAY ONLY 'OR a hne ! Limited FOb Ii, Men's Real $60 Suits 48 FOREHANDED men can save some money right now by choosing their fall anfl winter suits while this most unusual and attrac tive offer is in force ! These suits are regular stock, right from New York! They are shown in the latest fabrics and color tones for Fall ! Exquisitely tailored ac cbrding to the modes of the coming season! Models for all men! See displays of these and of other suits in my -windows ! BEN SELLING Leading Clothier Morrison Street at Fourth f'V - X J : " pi ' v - ' " 1- - aWeii3 - v. If C . Ml If- - f If- I p ' Hi f J i h v H : I i ' - ? I! V" r: v b i P 5 "-M $ t' . 3 & HOBART BOSWORTH IN "BELOW THE SURFACE" Everyone who has seen this super-special advises every body else to see it. That's the sort of a picture it is. NOW TODAY For THURSDAY AND FRIDAY ONLY SUMMER VACATION EXCURSION FARES TO OCEAN RESORTS Season tickets are on sale daily, good to return until October 31, and allow stop-overs. Week-end tickets are on sale Saturdays and Sundays, limited to return following Mondays. Clatsop Beach GEARHART AND SEASIDE NORTH BEACH POINTS Round Trips $4.50 Week-Ends $5.50 Season 8T. WAR TAX ADDITIONAL. Fast trains carrying observation parlor cars and coaches leave North Bank Station 8:30 A. M., 6:20 P. M. daily, and 2:00 P. M. Saturday. CONSOLIDATED TICKET OFFICE. THIRD AND WASHINGTON STS. NORTH BANK STATION. TENTH. AND HOYT STS. my ( ttAaaWabHal LOVE Should a wife or a sweetheart AL- W AYS tell the truth to HIM about EVERYTHING? HONOR. See this heart Btirring story of love and a Rirl who won the right to ansv;er. n 3 I mmm f m SACRIFICE r 1 1 fer j3 gHmmoml?tr1eralQiatBre Coming Saturday CHAS. RAY KEW HAIR after BALDNESS IF V0U r lrolnt hair, bm dandruff, or mr bald. lt It bo known that KOTALKO. cmm lm aniline bear ail nd oaier polnt lnsreii nti. it wonderfully successful- For men. oratn. children. Hair arown. dandruff eliralnatf-l u ttanr claw whrn all elsa failed. 300 OI AB AMES and moner-refund offer. Oet a Doi a any busy pharmacy; or send ltt cent for Iroa Box of KOTALKO to J. B. Brittf'n, In& Station F, New Vork, N. If.