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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 9, 1913)
8 TITE MORNIXG OREGOyiAX. SATURDAY . H'GUST 9, 1913. FORTRAN l, ;:ti:f;ON. Entered at Portland. postoffice aa econd-class matter. Subscription Kates Invariably in Advance: Br MAIL) Daily, Sunday Included, one year $3.00 Daily, Sunday included, six months ..... 4.25 Daily, Sunday included, three months . . 2.25 Daily, Sunday Included, one month ..... .'5 Daily, without Sunday, one year Daily, without Sunday, six months . .... 3.25 Daily, without Sunday, three months... 1-75 Daily, without Sunday, one month ttu Weeitly, one year 1.50 Sunday, one year ........ 2.50 Sunday aud weekly, one year .......... 8.5u (BT CARRIER) Daily. Sunday Included, one year ....... 9.00 Dally, Sunday Included, one month ..... .75 How to Remit send postoffice money or der, express order tor personal check, on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at sender's risk. Give postofflce address in full, including county and state. Postage liates 12 to 16 pages, 1 cent; 19 to S2 pages. 2 cents; 3-4 to 4d pages, a cents; 60 to 60 pages. 4 cents; 62 to 70 pages, 5 cents; 78 to U2 pages, d cents. Foreign post age, double rates. Eastern Business Office Verree 3c Conk tin, Kew York, Brunswick, building. Chi cago, Steger building. ban Francisco Office R. J. Bidwell Co., 742 Market St. Enropean Office No. 2 Regent street S. W.. London. PORT LAN D , SATTRDAT, ACGCST 9, 18-13. II(TATI" TO THE COURTS. Charges made by Senator Borah that Federal Judges receive intimations in advance from the Department of Justice of the kind of decision the Government desires in certain cases are so serious that the subject should be investigated to the bottom. These charges concern the integrity of the courts, the impartiality of the admin istration of Justice. A court which yields to official influence la no better than one which yields to personal in fluence. In either case, the bandage is torn from the eyes of Justice. Courts yielding to official pressure would soon sink to the position of those of some countries, where they are mere instru ments of executive policy. The startling evils to which Mr. Borah called the attention of the Sen ate had their beginnings years ago. When the land fraud trials began, it was necessary in the interest of jus tice that the Government learn the affiliations, leanings and sympathies of judges before deciding in which court a prosecution should be insti tuted. There was added to the swarm of land office agents a number of agents from the Department of Jus tice who investigated prosecuting offi cers, judges and prospective jurors, but did not approach the judges them selves. A great evil had spread among the people and particular care was nec essary to Insure that the efforts to root it out should not be thwarted by some person who, ostensibly on the side of the law, was actually interested in its defeat. But the system of espionage has gradually been extended until it sur rounds the daily acts and expressions of the Judges themselves. Opinion of their mental bent on Impor tant cases was formerly based on de cisions rendered in court, which were open to all the world, but from inde pendent inquiry into their personal relations and beliefs the system seems to have advanced to direct in quiry as to how they stand on and how they would decide certain cases. A step further was to intimate what decisions were desired. Such inquiries and intimations come from the department which advises the President as to the qualifications of a candidate for .promotion in the ranks of the judiciary. A district Judge naturally hopes to advance to the cir cuit bench, a circuit Judge to the su preme bench. When a vacancy occurs in one of the higher courts, the merits of judges in the lower courts are can vassed. The President in the nature of things calls on the Department of Justice for the records of men thought to be eligible. Judges know this, hence are in danger of being swayed by the desre to please those who can help or hinder their promotion. We have heard much of late years about judges who were controlled by corporations, and a distinct reaction has been in progress against an evil which doubtless existed, though exag gerated. The pendulum seems to have swung so far in the opposite direction that we are in danger of having judges controlled by the Attorney-General. Mr. McReynolds, while seeming to deny, in effect admits that he has caused judges to be investigated and makes the defense that this is with a view to the President's performing his constitutional duty to see that "the laws be faithfully executed." He seems to believe, from the facts alleged by Mr. Borah, that this duty Includes see ing that judicial decisions conform to the view of the law held by the Presi dent and his legal adviser. Follow out that theory and we shall find the Attorney-General sitting in judgment on the courts. Mr. McReynolds' conduct in the Cal ifornia cases is itself a warning of the great danger hidden in the system which he has extended to so alarming a degree. Ha has shown himself peculiarly susceptible to political in fluence in deciding whether a white slave case should be postponed, when delay means probable defeat of the prosecution; whether indicted rich men should be prosecuted, thus overruling the findings of grand juries. Such a man cannot safely be allowed to set himself up as a censor over the courts, or as a secret dictator of their decis ions. In the Diggs-Caminetti case he did right only when his subordinate ap pealed to public opinion and when the President ordered him so to do. The subordinate was punished for "squeal ing" by removal. That means that justice will be done against the wishes of the Attorney-General only when a subordinate "squeals" and that no "squealer" can continue in office un der him. Mr. McReynolds is not the kind of man who can be trusted to influence the courts in the interest of justice, for he influences his subor dinates against Justice. We have heard much of late years about usurpation by the judiciary of supremacy over the executive and leg islative departments of the Govern ment. The practices of the Attorney General have a strong semblance of. usurpation by the executive of suprem acy over the Judiciary. The indepen dence of the judiciary is imperiled, not by recall of judges or recall of judicial decisions, as has been feared,- but by dictation from the Attorney-General. Under such dictation court decisions would be apt to change "With every change in the political wind at Wash ington. This was not intended by the Constitution. The intention was that the three branches of government should be co-ordinate, each Indepen dent of the other. Safety lies in con formity with that purpose, not in sub stituting the evil of executive usurpa tion for that of Judicial usurpation, nor in substituting secret control by an executive officer for secret control by political bosses. BRAVE. John Lind is a brave man. He goes on to Mexico,' where the Mexican gov ernment declares him to be persona non grata, and will confer with all hands, especially the rebels, -who are enemies of Huerta. . , President Wilson is a brave man. He sends to Mexico a private com missioner who is to arrange peace on terms that involve the dismissal, or re tirement, or deposition of Huerta as President. President Wilson is a brave man in his purpose to persist in a scheme of private and unofficial me diation certain to be distasteful to President Huerta and, to be resented by him as the de facto head of the Mexican nation. What will all President Wilson's rare boldness avail him if President Huerta takes Commissioner Lind by the ear, leads him to the border and ejects him from Mexico? BEAUTIES OF BRYAN'S POLICY. The beauties of Secretary Bryan's altruistic foreign policy are well illus trated by the arbitration treaty with Salvador. Each nation is bound by that treaty not to declare war or to begin hostilities or even to increase its armed strength until one year after a commission has begun inquiry into any pending dispute. The only case wherein either nation may increase its military or naval programme pending the Investigation is ' danger from a third power, of which the threatened nation must notify the other party to the treaty. If a situation were to arise in Salva dor similar to that which caused the United States to send armed forees to Nicaragua a year ago, this treaty would compel us to defer action until a commission had been inquiring for a year into the cause for our interven tion. In time of revolution we might And it necessary to hurry troops into Salvador, as we hurried them into Nic aragua for the purpose of saving some of our citizens from massacre. But our hands would be tied. All we could do would be to wait a year, then send a company of marines to put flowers on their graves. Mr. Bryan proposes to sign practi cally identical treaties with twenty-six nations. While an inquiry into a dis pute with any one of these nations was in progress, we should be forbidden to increase our Army or Navy. A move ment is now on foot to create an Army reserve, but we should not be free to act in this direction. It is quite possi ble that the advocates of a larger Navy may Induce Congress next year to vote two new battleships, but the pendency of a dispute with Salvador would pre vent, for last year we voted only one battleship, hence voting two would be an increase of our naval programme. If all the twenty-six treaties should be signed, there would be scarcely a time when a commission would not be in session for a year to inquire into some dispute with some nation. Hence we should be perpetually bound in honor not to enlarge our Army or to add more than one battleship a year to our Navy. Our only escape from this predica ment would be to conjure up some danger of war with a third nation as an excuse for increasing our armed forces. Some nation outside the twenty-six, seeing our military power to be chiefly latent, may furnish us with this excuse, but would it wait until we had converted our latent into actual power? As the Scotchman says, "We ha'e our douts." TARIFF PRINCIPLES RETT IIAXEI. Democratic tariff -makers talk volu bly of the principle on which they are doing their work, but in less than a year their chief tariff -maker. Repre sentative Underwood, has distinctly re pudiated the principle on which he promised to base revision. ' In a speech at Waterbury, Conn., on October 17, 1912, Mr. Underwood said: A revenue tariff must .be a competitive tariff. Whenever you cut off competition then you are damming back revenue, and your tariff is levied for the purpose of pro tecting somebody's profit, and not for the purpose of getting revenue for th Govern ment. When you equalize exactly the dif ference in cost at home and abroad, if you can do it it is impossible to do it exactly, but you may approximate it but when you do that you have got a competitive tariff. We had to levy the taxes at the highest revenue rate consistent with our principles, which, of course, cannot go above the dif ference of cost at home and abroad. There isn-t a particle of possibility of the Demo cratic party that it won't equalize the dif ference In labor cost at home and abroad. In reporting the pending tariff bill to the House, . the ways and means committee, of which Mr. Underwood is chairman, said: No part of the committee's work has been founded upon a belief In the cost-of-productlon theory, and the theory is abso lutely rejected as a guide to tariff-making. Mr. Underwood absolutely rejected in April the theory which he pro pounded in October. On what theory then is his tariff founded? Appar ently on the theory of rewarding the South for its fidelity to the Demo cratic party and of reaching out for votes in the Eastern manufacturing states by giving the industries of those states a large modicum of protection. Those industries are compensated for the measure of protection which is taken away from them by being pre sented with free raw material, which gratly cheapens production. The products of the West go on the free list by wholesale. An exception is made to the general rule In the case of manufactures which the farmer consumes. These are put on the free list, regardless of the principle which should apply to manufactures in gen eral and are put there simply to win the farmer to the cause of Democracy. Mr. Underwood repudiates the free trade theory. He repudiates the cost of production theory to which he for merly adhered. He professes hostility to protection and proclaims fidelity only to a tariff for revenue. Tet he has devised a tariff which protects here at the cost of revenue, establishes free trade there at like cost and is for rev enue only in spots. The purpose of raising revenue is subordinated to the main purpose of holding the votes Democracy has and of winning more votes. The tariff is a political tariff. Sir Arthur Vicars, as Ulster king-at-arms, was custodian of the Irish' crown jewels, which were stolen from Dublin Castle In 1907. A commission of inquiry was appointed, but Sir Arthur resigned as a member and re fused to appear as a witness because its sessions were not public and trie inquiry not thorough. He was forced to resign office and was popularly regarded as a scapegoat. He ob tained a verdict of $25,000 against a London weekly paper which said he had shielded a lady at the expense of his own reputation." A story was published last month thaf he was vic timized by & "group of young gentle men adventurers of a very unaieasant type, who came to him with perfectly good introductions" and held high revel in his office, with' some details as to duplicate keys. Sir Arthur's coun sel deny the whole story and say the facts would have come out if public judicial inquiry had been held and for which he is still anxious. Evidently the British government is shielding some high-born thieves. . OUR TTNDESIRABLE PEACEMAKER. In the face of direct official notifi cation from President Huerta that John Lind's presence as peacemaker in Mexico is undesirable, should the Unit es States Government persist in send ing him; in the light of jingoistic ut terances from the Mexican press and the populace at Mexico City, should we persist in a mission that appears to affect them as the toreador's red flag affects the fighting bull? Does not the attitude of Huerta Indicate that he is seeking in the Incident a casus belli, a rallying cry for the dissenting factions? Even after the official notification from Mexico City, the primitive Bryan thinks the grim old Indian in the na tional palace will change his mind when the Administration's peace plan Is presented. He should know that stern bulldog of Mexican politics bet ter. He should know human nature better. The diplomatic weathercock points ail too strongly to a different outcome. Nor is it a diplomatic breeze which may change in a moment's no tice, but a strong, steady gale growing out of Huerta's chagrin in consequence of American refusal to recognize him as President de facto of Mexico. This persistence in sending Mr. Lind appears to be plunging us nearer than ever to the unfortunate expedient of armed intervention, which the United States earnestly hopes to avoid. Plain ly, the Mexicans are taking it as an affront to their national honor. Huerta, in announcing his displeasure, adopts the one attitude that can strengthen his wavering grip on Mexican support In pointing the finger of scorn and warning at the Gringo he is touching that deep pride which serves the place of patriotism in the Latin-American breast. The administration assertion that the sympathy of Europe will be gained even if the Lind misison fails may be another sophistry, along with the Lind peace plan. Europe already is sick ened by the Mexican muddle. France, England and Germany are tir,ed of the chaos which is working serious hard ships upon their subjects. Moreover, those countries do not practice milk-and-water diplomacy. It is difficult to fancy. the Kaiser or King George send ing to any country a peace emissary whose presence was officially de nounced as undesirable. If the Administration has any fleet ing notion of recognizing Carranza, then the excuse is at hand. Huerta has refused to treat In terms so plain as to border on discourtesy. But if the United States lifts the embargo on arms and sells them freely to insur rectos, which means also to bandits, what measures of retaliation will Huerta. adopt? He still holds the reins of government, even though the finan cial steeds that draw the chariot of state are enfeebled to the exhaustion point. He continues the dominant fig ure in the Mexican capital, and he has appealed, in his latest stand against the Lind peace mission, to the worst in Mexican jingoism. "Viewed from any angle, it is a per plexing problem. No matter who should be recognized, retaliatory meas ures might be expected from other powerful sources. We have tempor ized too long in handling the situation. A stiff diplomacy early in the game might have gone far to prevent a crisis, but only a diplomatic miracle can en compass that end now. That miracle will not be wrought in the Lind mis sion. We still have the Mexican bull by the tail, rather than by the horns. STALKING DEER AND COrBTDtG DEATH. With the open season for deer at hand the undertakers are laying in additional stock and the marble works ar- prepared to work double shifts. It is a, season of bloodshed, and while precise data are not available we have our own ideas as to whether the fatali ties are greater among the deer family or the hunting fraternity. Hard Is the lot of the humble gravedigger during this season. There are many deer in Oregon. They are to be encountered within a very few hours' travel of Portland. In Southern Oregon, in the Cascade Mountains and among the Coast ranges, deer are particularly plentiful. The uninitiated, traveling over many Isolated sections, might often be mis led by the numerous deer signs to suppose himself in the wake of sheep droves. But deer are even more saga cious than . they are numerous and keen Instinct makes them more than a match for the tyro as well as a hard problem for the experienced woods man. It is among the novices, the inexpe rienced in woodcraft, that the heavy casualty list occurs. Anything that your amateur lacks in knowledge of the hunting game he makes up in fer tility of imagination. He will follow the trail of a cow for hours and will carry his rifle ready for action when hard on the trail of a domestic hog. Every rustling in the shrubbery and underbrush is calculated to throw him into, several varieties of agues and if the rustling is pronounced, then into the thicket goes a fusillade of soft nosed projectiles seeking the vital parts of an unseen anlmaL By some strange circumstance of fate the ani mal usually escapes if it is a deer. But if it is merely some mother's dear the results invariably are fatal. Tour ama teur hunter has a perverse accuracy of aim in firing on some hidden nimrod half a mile away, while he is seldom known to injure a seven-point buck standing broadside at a range of seventy-five yards. Nor is the tyro less a menace to himself than to other hunters. His knowledge of firearms is fragmentary. He is about as familiar with the mech anism of his piece as with the proper methods of stalking game. When he encounters a fallen log he knows enough to make use of knots in climbing over but his manner of bring ing up his artillery muzzle first is a prolific cause of undertaking bills. Perhaps he has passed that careless stage of firing at an unseen target. Hearing a rustling in the brush, he goes tearing off down the hill to head off a real or fancied deer. Thus he becomes a target for any other ama teurs that chance to be in the district. The sound of an object tearing through the brush will draw the fire of perhaps ninety-nine hunters out of a hundred, for that is the way deer often take to war is less dangerous than going hunting in a popular haunt of the fleet-footed deer. In hunting you face the double danger of shooting Lyourself or being shot by some indi- vidual with a hair-trigger imagination who transfigures you into a snorting buck on the slightest provocation. So far only two hunters have been mowed down and both by their own rifles. But the season is young and as it develops a report of the casual ties by hours may become a regular feature of the sporting page. The suggestion that we "beautify" the Panama Canal Is rejected by the National Commission of Fine Arts with these words: ' Like the Pyramids, It is Impressive be cause of its ccale and simplicity. Anything done merely to beautify would have been an impertinence in a work of that char acter. Upon this the New York Tribune truly observes: Truth to tell. tiere is more real beauty in the great engierlng works at Panama than in much of the so-called "architecture" which adorns Europe 'and the states. It has been all too often the notion of the mod ern architect that he must conceal the struc tural facts of his -building by plastering or namentation all over its' exterior. Thus he deliberately wastes the big effect that the plain engineer, with his eye single to utility, triumphantly achieves. , Beauty pleases the eye and fires the imagination. Then what greater beauty can there be than great ships steaming through a waterway which pierces a continent, being lifted and lowered through locks which are monuments of man's genius in tri umphing over nature's obstacles? Such beauty is most impressive, when unadorned. Secretary McAdoo's charge that the bankers have conspired to depress the value of Government bonds held chiefly by themselves is an argument against the political control of the banking system, since Mr. McAdoo would be one of the seven in control. . It is ef fectively so used by the New York Times, which contrasts Mr. McAdoo's outburst with the calm sanity of Mr. Woodruff, a Jollet banker. Discussing the currency bill In the Annalist, that gentleman says: We never get mad. That's a mistake. You can't trade if you get mad. Now in this bill at Washington there may be a lot of things that nobody expects to keep in at last.. They were put in only to be traded off. That's my idea. When the trading is all finished it may not be such a bad bill. We don't know. Let's wait around to see, and not get mad. Always keep something back to trade with. And don't get mad. The New York Tribune finds in the powerlessness of the powers' to stop war and massacre in the Balkan Pen insula proof that the concert of Europe is as open to criticism as the Monroe Doctrine is for our inaction in Mexico. But Europe never told the United States not to meddle in Europe; we only announced our purpose to keep out. We told Europe to keep out of American affairs, hence our responsi bility on this continent is greater than Europe's in the Balkans. This is not to say that Europe would view with equanimity American intervention in the Balkans. If the big bankers persistently say there will be no money trouble none will appear. Stringency and panics are pathological phenomena. They take shape In popular imagination first and later on stalk through the country wreaking . destruction. If everybody could "demonstrate" against the fear of panics, they would disappear from the world. They de scend upon us because we expect them and, in spirit, yield to them. A thor oughgoing reform of our minds would reform the currency system. Senator Gore proposes that the funds held by the Government In trust for the Indians of Oklahoma be de posited In Oklahoma banks for loan to the farmers of that state. It is ar gued that the Government will thus re coup the interest it now pays the In dians. These funds, now amounting to $44,600,000 and still growing, were de rived from the sale of the very land which is now offered as security. After having been twice elected Gov ernor of- Massachusetts on the Demo cratic ticket, Eugene N. Foss has been asked by leading Republicans to be come their candidate for a third term. He is considering the Invitation, al though he refuses to talk politics. Were he to accept and to win, that would be one of the many queer turns in American politics. Canada warns all except farmers, farm laborers and domestic servants not to Immigrate unless they get a Job before starting. In this country, if an immigrant gets a Job before starting, we send him back. After having done hard work for twenty-seven years, an Omaha laborer falls heir to more than a million. He will labor twice as hard hereafter look ing after it. A New York woman will travel 7000 miles by canoe in the cause of suffrage taking her husband along to operate tne cratt. Why doesn't she paddle her own canoe? If Manuel can manasre to keen crn- ing until marriage, soon to take place. ne iwui do an ngnt. After that event he need not trouble the pawnbrokers. Germanv now sees nnlv frionrHv tives in English plans to send warships to .tsermuaa. a. year ago she would have commenced to mobilize. When all the JogB in this city's streets are eliminated, the plain-clothes man will have a good range for shoot ing a fugitive. The proposed plan of dentistry for the mouth of the Columbia is halted. The old river has swallowed the disc. Banished from his' native land, Dr. Sun can come to this country and make a heap of trouble for China. The slit skirt is man's worst foe, says a Los Angeles pastor. Really the pas tor is taking it too seriously. Diaz would better hurry or there mav be no Mexico to'thnk triA Janan ese Emperor in behalf of. Modest chap is Diaz. He admits he's the only one who can straighten out the Mexican tangle. Aviators-' have discovered new peril In meteors. These are the motorcy cles of the air. The new woman from Oregon is rather startling to people of the Na tional capital. Ex-President Taft says too few men vote. He might have added that too many run. Thanks to Bryan, we no longer need fear Salvador. Open season for hunters is on. We don't envy Lind his trip. OREGON STONE BEST . MATERIAL Color 1'nrbatiKrablF, Strength Like Granite and Coat Low. PORTLAND, Aug. 8. (To the Editor.) Color and cost are the two reasons assigned by architects for not specify ing the use of local stone. Whether they : are correct in their taste as to color, arid their knowledge and experi ence as to cost depends the fate of the Oregon quarries. Strength and durability are two other factors entering into the question,-and become vitally important in the choice of a stone for a building of any size or considerable cost. Color; It may be conceded, impor tant, and, while in no wise affecting the structural strength of the build ing, it has all to do. with the finished appearance of. the structure. - With stone, but slight change in color can be effected by any treatment to which it may be subjected, so that its color, after the drying out of the quarry sap, is regarded as its natural color. It is true, a gray --sandstone containing traces of iron can be changed to a buff . by. the application of strong muriatic acid,-while the same acid ap plied to a dark sandstone, such as the Forest Grove : quarry product, will change it to a light gray. Since the production of white or light .buffi pressed brick, glazed white tile and white matt terra cotta, the demand has grown for a light-colored stone to harmonize with such building material. When freshly cleaned a light-colored limestone, seems the near est to filling the bill, and this stone has of recent years been given the preference by - the Government archi tect and other Eastern architects for buildings :erected by them. They have persisted in - specifying this material even when called upon to design build ings upon .the Pacific Coast, : and the material has been quarried in the East, cut by stonecutters there, and shipped across tne continent ready to set in place when unloaded here. In this they have been followed by the local architect in many instances, and we now have a fair opportunity to compare results. The first story of the Spalding building, the entire upper stories of the new Courthouse, and all the trim of the new publio library are of stone brought from Indiana. It is light In color, it is true. That it is not uniform In color Is equally true. It discolors more quickly than any other building material, and the surface re quires constant renovation to make It presentable. If the pristine color of the stone were artistically produced, say as a paint, and used for the cover ing of any building surface, would any one have it? Its neutral shading, when clean, is all that commends it, and this it loses before a month's exposure in the open. Douglas County, Oregon, produces a sandstone which has been used in many of Portland's buildings, for in stance, Sunnyside Methodist and Con gregational churches. Union - avenue Methodist Church and Mount Tabor Presbyterian Church, besides many private residences. The color is a uni form light gray, never changing and unaffected by weather, acids or fire. It has, by actual Government test made at the Watertown arsenal, a crushing strength of over 16,000 pounds to the square inch, as strong as granite, and three times as strong as Bedford stone. It never requires cleaning, as there is no chemical agent known that can affect It. Here Is a stone possessing every attribute of a perfect building stone, with a quarry close at hand, now fully developed, and with every facility for rapidly producing the stone as needed. There are unlimited quanti ties of it to draw from, in fact - an entire mountain of it. Why Orego nians should go 2500 miles for a stone when they have a much superior one within 250 miles is inexplicable. And now as to cost. It is a fact of record that this same stone was of fered Multnomah County at a cost of $14,000 lower than the Bedford stone upon the east wing of the Courthouse. The entire cost of the stone work on the Union-avenue Methodist Church, a building practically 100 feet square and with walls 28 feet high and a tower 25 feet square and 70 feet high, cost but J14.00O, a sum actually less than it would have cost In ordinary face brick. The stone work in a stone house in Piedmont cost 78 cents per surface foot for a 16-inch wall, while the concrete work In the large cement-block resi dence in Walnut Park cost 85 cents for a 12-inch wall. Figures recently taken for the duplication in stone of the cement-block bungalow at Thirty third and Hawthorne avenue are con siderably less than the cost of that building as originally built of blocks. ,We come back to the question: why Is not Oregon stone used? Clearly it is not because of either color Or cost. Stonework need not be unduly costly. As we have shown, it can be done more cheaply than either brick or concrete blocks. Where a designer lays out a detail of stone moulding with innum erable fine members, intended for a course many feet above the ground, where it is impossible to see It, he is merely wasting money. This sort of thing is all too frequently done, and It Is one cause for the belief that stone work Is excessively costly. This is not a stone fault it is a designer's ignor ance. The reason Oregon stone is not used Is simply because of the apathy of the man for whom the building is being done, and the belief by his architect that the local stone cannot be fur nished, or that its color is not suit able. An instance of this can be found at this time in the armory at Roseburg, designed by the state architect. The specifications call for brick or re inforced concrete. Messrs. Charles Hegele and D. W. Riedle, the owners of the quarry in Douglas County, with in 12 miles of the site of the building, offered to furnish stone if the plans and specifications would permit of it. Notwithstanding the vastly superior quality of the material suggested, their offer was rejected, and the Roseburg people will have a reinforced concrete building, than which nothing is more inartistic, instead of a sightly struc ture of stone. If the Oregonlans will not do things for themselves, can they consistently find fault with the United Staotes au thorities refusing to use materials which they themselves persistently pass by? , AH. FABER. WHERE WE ARE EXTRAVAGANT Americans Demand , Highest - Class of Service From Merchant. Avard Longley Bishop in Yale Review. Another cause of high prices, which is based, upon custom and fashion and for which, the complaining public Itself is largely responsible. Is the expensive service now demanded of .the mer chants. There have crept into our economic and .social life certain customs and methods of having things done for us which have made life easier and more comfortable. And those whose business it is to creat& new demands f or-various goods and services, and then grow rich in catering to such demands, have learned to a nicety how to appeal to the vanity and other weaknesses of human nature. The modern methods of retail busi ness, in so far as they are based upon such customs and newly, created de mands, serve to illustrate this point. They call for the performance of cer tain services on the part of merchants for which not only the wealthy, who set the pace and can well shoulder the additional charge, but" also the vast majority, who can ill afford it, are now paying a big price. . In a word, the public has come to de mand the furnishing of a high-class service from those with whom -they deal. The problem has been worked out for their patrons by different mer chants in all sorts of ways, of which attractive waiting and lunchrooms, free organ recitals, free use of the tele phone and express deliveries are a few examples. It is the public who enjoy such services as are provided, and who pay for the entire upkeep. LAW ENFORCEMENT OF RELIGION It Is Opposed by Christian DlacnsBlns Citizenship Conference COLLEGE PLACE, Wash.. Aug. 8. " (To the Editor.) Since the close of the Christian Citizenship Conference, there has been considerable criticism of the methods employed by the promoters of the meeting and the failure on their part to give value received for the cost of the conference to the city.' A good part )f this criticism has been directed against Dr. Clement H. Congdon. Now, the writer has carefully followed the work of the Christian Citizenship Con ference; both in Its preparation and in its sessions. It can truthfully be said that the National Reform Association is in the fullest sense responsible for all that was done, both before and dur ing the conference. In the July, 1911, - number of the Christian Statesman, the official organ of the National Reform Association, It was stated - that Henry Collin Minton had gone to Europe to secure speakers for the second World's Christian Cit izenship Conference, and , that Clement H. Congdcn was making a tour, of the Middle and Far West seeking a loca tion for the meeting. These men were both working under the auspices of the National Reform Association and clothed with the authority of the as sociation. When Portland had been chosen and duly announced, the Sep tember issue of the Statesman had a three-column article on the conference. It is here stated that the purpose of the conference is to secure "a revival of -National religion." Again, in the Octqber,' 1911, Statesman, is Issued the first call for the conference. Contained in this -: call - are the following words: "The immediate result to be sought through this conference, and through all the work of preparation for it, is the ' revival and diffusion of National religion." - The only way for a nation to speak or make a profession is by. and through its laws. For a nation to make a pro fession of religion, it must legislate upon the subject. That would be re ligious legislation. Religious legisla tion Inevitably results in a union of church and state, tflement H. Congdon was the regularly authorized publicity manager for the conference, appointed, or elected, as such as verily as any of the other officers. Again, as to the principles enunciated at the conference: There were two questions emphasized more than any others. These were the teaching of religion in the public schools and Sunday legislation. This was in perfect accord with the avowed purpose cf holding the meeting. On the inside front cover of the Christian Statesman each month one can find the following: The Christian Statesman Is a monthly magazine of 32 pages, designed to promote needed reforms in the action of the Govern ment' touching the Sabbath, the inst;tution of the family, the religious element in edu cation, the oath and public morality as af fected by the liquor traffic and other kindred evils, and to secure such an amend ment to the Constitution of the United States as will declare the Nation's allegiance to Jesus Christ and its acceptance of the moral laws of the Christian religion, and to Indicate that this is a Christian Nation, and place all the Christian laws. Institu tions and usages of our Government on an undeniable legal basis in the fundamental law of the land. To show that the carrying out of these ideas was the central thought of the conference, note the following, taken from the November, 1912, States man: The Second World's Christian Citizenship Conference will, therefore, serve the great est practical use by not only awakening and deepening popular sentiment in behalf of Christian legislation, but by bringing to bear at the same time upon political organiza tions and governments some definite pres sure that may lead ultimately to their open espousal of Christian political principles. The writer of these lines is a Chris tian, and at the same time a true American. Because of this we do not consider it proper to enforce our be lief upon anyone. . The. enforcement of religion is not within the purview of human government. The true Ameri can principle is that government should have nothing whatever, to- .do with the control of religious belief. Whenever the National Reform Association - or any other organization, or;, any man, sets himself against this he is setting himself in opposition to true American principles. W. F. MARTIN. COUNTRY WEEK. They bore them away to the country, The babes and the romping boys, The thin little maids and their mothers, Away from the heat and the noise. To the wide and wonderful country. Filled with its unknown joys. 'Twas beautiful just to behold them; The children with starry eyes, . And the mothers, whose tired faces Looked out in a dumb surprise At the Summer's dazzling pageant. Flashing through earth and skies. We hear how the delicate babies Wax round and rosy and sweet; How the soft little cheeks grow pinker, The pulses more strongly beat; For down In that bounteous valley There's always enough to eat. And the mothers oh friends, the mothers, - ' Who have labored so hard, so long; Have borne the babies, and reared them Through sorrow and ruth and wrong; And,- maybe have half forgotten The lilt -of the robin's song. They romp with the Joyous 'children "Till their heavy hearts grow light- They gather the berries and blossoms, Each day Is a fresh delight. And for once they are not too tired. To sing to their babes at night. Oh, swift and beautiful fingers That wrought with such magic art! That lifted the tired mothers, -And laid them) on nature's heart. And gave to their little children The little one's rightful part. Oh! kind and bountiful neighbors Who opened your portals wide, And for love of the little children Gathered them close to your side. In the hearts of a grateful city. Your name and your fame shall bide. Never has love been offered On. an altar more divine; p Never has gold been given To compass a work more fine; For the seeds you have sown and watered Will bloom to the end of time. EVA B. PILLSBURY. Many Buttermilk Bars. PORTLAND, Aug. 8. (To the Edi tor.) Why shouldn't there be a butter milk bar in the big buildings as well as the other kind? There are creameries scattered, around on the outer edge of the business district, but it's a long way between drinks for anyone who wants a drink to cheer, aside from beer. A. TEMPERATE TANK. - There are plenty of nearby butter milk bars. Every soda water stand in town sells buttermilk. Every saloon in town sells it. : At stands, you can drink all the buttermilk you can hold for a nickel. Embarraaalnsrl - Boston Transcript. -..Riggs (facetiously) This is . a pic ture of my wife's first husband. Diggs Silly looking gay! But say, I didn't know your- wife was married before she met you. Riggs She-wasn't. This Is a picture of myself when I was 25. Barometrical Dlagrnosis. New Orleans Picayune. , Doctor- Well, and did you take his temperature. Wife Oh, yea, sir; I put the barometer on 'is chest an' it goes up to very dry, so I fetches'im a quart o' beer, an' now 'es gone to work. Twenty-five Years Ag! From The Oregonian of August 9, 18S8. Salem, Aug. 8. Father J; L. Parish, the well-known pioneer and missionary, returned " today from Forest Grove, where he was married . to Mrs. Mattie A. Pierce on Monday. Father Parish, who is 83 years of age, is the father of Chief Parish, of Portland. Salem, Augl 8. D. Tuthill, owner of the Salem gas works, died suddenly at Santa Cruz, CaL, this morning. Washington, Aug. S The Chi nese exclusion bill passed ' the Senate today without division. ' P. F. Storey's offer to sell the Fort land Hydraulic Elevator Company was considered by the water committee yesterday. Judge Seneca Smith, who owns a block of 600 acres of land a few miles east of the city on the Base Line road. Intends to clear it and plant it in or chards. C. F. Leavenworth, superintendent of the Cosmopolis Mill Company, is com pleting arrangements for the construc tion of a telegraph line from Olympia to Grays Harbor. Mr. M. W. Henderson has at last tired of the gayeties of London and Parl3 and has started for Russia Miss Inez De. Lashmutt will leave here on the 20th for Wellesley. Mass.. where she will enter college. She will be accompanied by her mother. Mr. Ernest De Lashmutt will also accom pany them and will continue his Jour ney to Leipsig, Germany, where he will attend college. . At the annual meeting of stockhold ers of the Portland Cyclorama Com pany the old board of directors, con sisting of C. W. Roby. Rufus Mallory, H. W. Scott. F. N. Shurtllff. B. P. Cardwell, L L. Hawkins and George P. Frank, were unanimously re-elected. Mr. F. Botefuhr, who has just re turned from Moffetts Springs, reports that Captain M. H. Andrus is rapidly Improving. Mr. George B. Markle, Jr.. received a dispatch Monday evening stating that his father was dangerously 111. Tues day he chartered a special engine and car and at 6 P. M. started East, accom panied by his mother and two sisters. Half a Century Ago From The Oregonian of Aug. 9. 1863. Captain J. W. Porter, formerly clerk in the quartermaster's department at Fort Dalles, and at present private secretary of Governor Wallace, of Ida-, ho Territory, has received a commis sion as provost marshal for Washing ton Territory, with headquarters at Vancouver. Washington, Aug. 2. Exemption of drafted men by surgeons' certificates in New England since the commence ment of Federal conscription amount to the enormous proportion of 73 par cent, of the balance of .27 per cent 20 per cent having fled to parts unknown, leaving net results of about seven out of every 100 drafted who will be mus tered into Bervice. Charleston, July 29. Cummings Point was severely bombarded yester day ' When the workmen on the Portland & Milwaukie road suspended employ ment on Friday evening they left a bank on the roadside partially under mined. On Saturday morning, as one of the laborers, named McLaughlin. was passing. It suddenly caved in upon him- Mr. Carr, the superintendent; con veyed him to his residence, where he died. ' - - Judge Deady has appointed Captain John H. Couch as hull inspector, John Nations boiler inspector, for this dis trict. . The annual conference of the Meth odist Episcopal Church of Oregon and Washington meets this week at Leban on, Bishop Janes presiding. More Show Than Food. Judge. Mary Ida has a glorious lot of silver, hasn't she? Alice Tes; every time I dine there, at the end .of the meal I find a lot of forks left over that I haven't had anything to eat with. Captains of Industry. Boston Transcript, Bix Joe says he gives employment to a large number of men. Dix -So he Ldoes -other people's bill collectors. New Sunday Features Admirers I Have Met More Summer-girl confessions as told by Rita Reese. An interesting page with striking illustrations. Is the Human Race Decaying1 An able writer answers this question in a thoughtful article. His answer is an emphatic 'no." Will the United States Build That Alaska Line? A decision will be reached- shortly on the matter of undertaking this vast enterprise. Wanted: $50,000 Men for $5000 Jobs If you are looking for such a post and are qualified,- apply to Secretary of the Interior Lane. He is looking for you. South America Prepares for the Panama Canal An impor tant and carefully-prepared ar ticle of deep interest to all who would know of our future trade relations with South America. Women's Dress in 1925 Comfort will be the keynote no stockings, no waistline, no tight fitting effects. Real Switchboard Troubles The exchange girl airs a few of her grievances. Is It Wise to Beat Your Wife? Doctor says "yes," and one woman agrees with him. But "General" Rosalie Jones says it is all bosh to suggest the idea. Theodore Roosevelt's Auto biography In his own story .of -his life Colonel Roosevelt tells of early days in the public serv ice. MANY OTHER FEATURES Order Today of Your Newsdealer.