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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (June 12, 1913)
THE MORSIKG OREGOMAN. THURSDAY, JUNE 12. 1913. CHEAPEST FACTOR IS HUMAN LABOR TURKISH VIZIER IS SLAIN BY ASSASSIN TURKISH GRAND VIZIER WHO WAS KILLED YESTERDAY BY ASSASSIN IN STREETS OF CONSTANTINOPLE. 8 Hector Macpherson Draws Deduction From Productiv ity of Land in Europe. SOIL IS WELL CONSERVED Hungary Sets Pace in Breeding or Fine Animals, Especially Horses, Being Inspired by Needs Of Army Mounts. BY HECTOR MACPHERSON. VIENNA, May 28. (Special Corre spondence.) No nation nowadays can afford to live unto itself. The truth of this axiom is acknowledged today by every member of the American commission. There may still be some difference of opinion as to how much the United Sswtes can learn from Eu rope; but on the fact Itself that we can and ought to learn, all are agreed. As we swept through the level plains of the Po Valley, in Northeastern Italy, we saw stretching on either side as far as the eye could reach, fields that surpassed anything we had ever be held, in fruitfulness and intensive cul tivation. Crops of hemp, common grains, clovers, potatoes and other veg etables seemed to be crowding the surface of mother earth almost to suffocation. Not even the tiniest cor ner was permitted to lie waste. Be tween the fields were rows of fruit trees, with grapevine clinging about them, and reaching out along lines stretched across the open spaces be tween. The ground strips bearing these rows of trees and vines was cul tivated to a surface mulch so that not a weed was to be seen. One of the most provincial of our delegates was heard to remark: "Well, T always thought we could grow some crop in B County, but this certain ly gives my American conceit a bit of a Jolt." Product I'er Man Small. Of course, the thoughtful observer finds a note of sadness in this luxur iant fruitfulness. The smallness of the separate fields, and the great numbers of men and women at work with hand implements, mean that the high pro ductivity per acre Is coupled with a small product per man. It means that the cheapest factor In production Is human labor. This appears to be true of all except large holdings In Hun gary as well as in Italy. We arrived at Venice Sunday, May 18. It was a beautlfiul moonlight night and we found the Mayor and a. deputation of city officials waiting at the station to take us to our various hotels In the Mayor's own private launch. This glimpse of the Grand Canal by moonlight was more than we could stand, and, tired as we were, several groups of us procured gondolas and went out to experience the novelty of an hour or so by moonlight on the watery streets of Venice. Out on the bay we found countless gondolas, clustered round large, flat craft, strung with Chinese lanterns. Bach of these large boats contained a company of singers and players, which makes a business of providing music for those who may care to listen. An agile member of the troupe climbs round among the gondolas taking up a voluntary offering. Such an even ing is an experience not soon to be forgotten. The next morning while waiting for the time of departure we were taken about Venice on a large launch aa quests of the city. At noon we set out by boat for Trieste and thence by train to Flume, where we spent the night. The following morning we de parted for Budapest, our next center of Investigation. Soil Always Coawerved. Our way lay northeasterly through the mountainous southwestern section of Hungary. Much of the country along the route Is bare rock ; but wherever soil was available we were struck by the enormous cost at which it was conserved. In the neighborhood of the Adriatic huge walls of masonry are built, and all the available soil leveled down to secure patches of vineyard, often no larger than a small city lot. Farther inland one sees hundreds of tons of rock heaped up around a care fully cultivated garden patch of a few square yards. But as we proceed toward Budapest we enter valleys which broaden out Into the great Hungarian plain, drained by the Dan ube and its tributaries. This plain is one of the most fertile in the world and has an unbroken ag ricultural history dating back a thou sand years or more. The modern agricultural develop ment, with which we are here chiefly concerned, datos not farther back than the first quarter of last century. In examining the outstanding features of that development, we rub up against certain facts, which, though largely inseparable from the position of Hun gary among Europeon nations, are ob noxious to an American. The whole policy of the Hungarian government is to maintain its integrity among surrounding powers. Every thing is lone with this end in view; and all initiative proceeds from the top downwards and from the center out wards, rsence, there seem to have de veloped but two classes of people in Hungary, those who rule and those who serve the ends of the dominant class. UleKttlniat'y at Premium. This situation leads to sonre peculiar conditions. For instance, the country must have men and women to serve in the army and develop the resources of the country to maintain that army. Many are leaving th country to go to America, and in order to keep up popu lation, the state has adopted a policy which Is said practically to amount to a premium on illegitimacy. Without entering Into details, the result was given me by one who claimed to have gotten at the facts. In a statement which showed 25 per cent of the chil dren In some parts of the state to be born outside of wedlock. Such a condition is hard for us to grasp in the United States. But there are other aspects of the government policy more worthy of our consideration, and of special signifi cance, we must deem the ways and mans for the encouragement of agri culture. First of all. we find the plan, with which we are familiar at home, of searching the world for plants, shrubs and trees, with a view to finding seeds roots, fruits and woods which it would be profitable to introduce into Hungary. That, and the system of plant breeding, can teach us little that is new to American agriculture. Aetata. BrellBK Effective. When it comes to animal breeding of horses, cattle, pigs and sheep, Hungary has us "beaten to a frassle" In tXFtclency. I'm not sure that the plan rould be adopted in any part of the United States, although one or two prominent members of the commission hve expressed their intention of lay- . .". i. "jMg MAEHOIID SCHEFKET PASHA. Aid de Camp Also Killed by Fusillade of Bullets Di rected From Auto. ONE OF MEN IS CAPTURED ing the matter seriously before the states they represent. The plan in a word is this: The government Itself is in the business of breeding pure-blood stock on a scale which makes our experiment station herds and flocks look like puny dwarfs. Then, the pure-bred sires resulting from this large scale selec tion are placed throughout the country on terms which all can afford. At least this is true of the horses, so necessary for army equipment. There are four state stud farms, upon each of which the various breeds are reared on a lar.g'e scale. Besides its own selected stock, the government Is con stantly on the watch for exceptional animals produced by private breeders, of which it buys at the rate of about 350 1-year-old stallion colts per year. These are carefully handled until they are 3 years old, when the best of them are handed over to different rural towns and villages at moderate prices and on terms of payment which im pose little or no burden. The com munity is, however, placed under obli gation to keep the animal a specified time. Besides the sale of stallions on these terms, the government maintains almost 1000 stations throughout the country during the breeding season, at each of which stallions are kept at the service of all who require them for a moderate fee. BIG TASK IS BEGUN Engineer Starts on Valuation of Railroads. ACCURACY IS FIRST AIM Preliminary Organization May Be Completed: by First of Coming Year Neither Time Nor Cost Considered. Rest of Party Escapes but Owner of Car Is Pound and Has Made Admissions Said Halim Ap pointed to Vacancy. CONSTANTINOPLE. June 11 Mah inoud Scjiefket Pasha, the Turkish Grand Visier and Minister of War, was shot and killed by assassins today. His aide-de-camp; Lieutenant Ibrahim Bey, also was killed. Prince Said Halim, Foreign Minister ana ex-President of the Council of State, nas been ap pointed Grand Visier ad interim. All the other Ministers retain their port- tonos. The following official account of the assassination has been Issued: "On leaving the Ministry of War this morning the Grand Vizier entered i motor car with the intention of pro ceeding to the Sublime Porte. The car was -obliged to stop while going through Bayezid and Divan Tolu squares because the road was torn up. Ten Shots Fired at Car. "Some persons in another car, whose Identity has not been established, fired ten shots at the ear. The Grand Vizier, who was severely wounded, was taken back to the Ministry of War, where he died half an hour later. Lieutenant Ibrahim Bey. who was accompanying Mahmoud Schefket Pa sha, also was hit by some of the bul lets and subsequently died. ' A man named Topal Tewflk has been arrested. He is suspected of being one of the assassins and had in his posses 3ion two revolvers and -ome cartridge, Captain Schref, who was riding with the Grand Vizier, described the tragedy today. AmihIbh FIee tm Anto. "We were leaving Bayezid Square when our motor stopped on account o repairs being made ta the road,'- he said. "I heard an explosion but at tached no Importance to It, thinking tire had burst. But Schefket Pasha fell forward. I took him In my arms and saw blood on his face. "The reports continued and I jumped from the motor to seize the assassins but they fled in their car, with the exception of Topal Tewfik, who had no time to get in. One ef the assassins in the car fired at me repeatedly and I cannot understand why I was not hit." The motor oar used by the assassinsl was found this afternoon and the owner was arrested. He has already made certain admissions. 'OATMEAL TRUST' SUED GOVERNMENT MAKES UNUSUAL DEMAN1D OF COURT. Ierree Denying Interstate Commerce Rights While Law Is Violated Is Sought. CHICAGO, June 11. The Quaker Oats Company, the so-called oatmeal trust, controlling 90 per cent of the oatmeal prc-ducts and by-products of the coun try, was attacked by the Federal Gov ernment in an anti-trust suit filed here today charging- a monopoly, "in dero gation of the common rights of the people and In violation of the Sherman act." The suit goes to the unusual length of seeking to have the privilege of interstate commerce withheld until competitive conditions are restored. The suit Is civil and primarily de clares that a contract between the Quaker Oats Company and the Great western Cereal Company creates a mo nopoiy in violation of the Sherman anti-trust law. According to James H. Wilkerson, United. States District Attorney, his ac tion in seeking to withhold the priv ilege of inters tate commerce from the defendants is without a precedent in a suit of the kind. In seeking to bar the defendants from shipping from one state to another, the Government asks that tha inhibition h made temporary so that the bar may be removed on good behavior of the defendants, but this removal is not to be permanent. either, for the bill seeks a decision un der which the bars may be put up again If there should be future violations. COURT'S FATE IN DOUBT Lenders to Confer Today Over Com merce Tribunal. SAN FRANCISCO, June 11. Physical valuation of every railroad between Montana on the north. New Mexico on the south, and the ir'acific Ocean on the west, began in earnest today with the arrival of Robert A. Thompson, one of the board of valuation engineers appointed under the LaFollette act. He will open headquarters here and take charge of the most western of the five districts into which the country was divided by Congress for the purposes of the aot. Geographically the Pacific district is the largest of the five and the prelim- nary organization will be the work of months, for the task is stupendous- Over the face of the entire country the Government will employ some 2000 or more engineers, with an army of clerks under them. The final findings will be utilized by the Interstate Commerce Commission as a basis for regulating rates. Accuracy First Consideration.. 'We expect to work out a prelimi nary organization, said Mr. Thomp son today, "by the first of next year, but it may be two years before we have a full force. We don't know whether the work will cost five mil lions or twenty, or whether It will take five years or ten. Neither time nor cost will be taken into account as against accuracy and thoroughness. The act is comprehensive and drastic. it directs us to find the original cost of each road, the cost of reproducing It today, and the present value. 'Every stretch of track and every building will be remeasured and reap praised, regardless of any information we may receive from state commis sions or the railroads themselves. We hall welcome their valuable aid, but every detail will be checked independ ently. When we get through we hope to have a report that can be relied on absolutely. Securities to Be Checked. "The act also provides for a search ing inquiry into every bond and every stock issue. The results of our report will be kept up to date in the future by the uniform reports which the In terstate Commerce Commission now re quires from the railroads." Mr. Thompson was formerly chief engineer for the California State Rail road Commission and before that the chief engineer for the Texas commis sion. He is the first of the valuation engineers appointed under the act, which provides ?500,000 as an initial expense fund. WASHINGTON, June 11. The future of the Commerce Court, a target of at tack in several sessions of Congress will be discussed at a conference at the Capitol tomorrow between Representa tive Fitzgerald, of New York, chairman of the House appropriations committee; Representative Lay ton. of Alabama. chairman of the judiciary committee; Representative Broussard, of Louisi ana; Chairman Clark, of the Interstate Commerce Commission, and Assistant Attorney-General Denlson. Unless Congress appropriates thirty odd thousand dollars for its malnte nance by July 1 the court will be with out funds. The judges would continue to act as circuit judges, but while they could issue Injunctions as member of the Commerce Court, they would not have the means to try any cases. The inter-mountain railroad rate cases, the sugar lighterage cases, af fecting shipment of sugar across New York harbor; the Florida citrus fruit rate case and other Important lltlga tlon Is before the Commerce Court and will have to be returned to that trl bunal for enforcement of the mandate of the higher court unless some legis lative step Is meantime taken to pro vide reference to other tribunal. Canal Dredges Break Record. PANAMA, June 11. The record of the dredging operations In the canal was broken in May, when more than 1,500, 000 cubic yards of earth was removed from the two entrances. The greater amount was' taken out at the Atlantic end, where a large part of the earth removed consisted of silt washed Into the canal by ocean currents. Talking Machine Satisfaction Back of every Talking Machine that leaves our salesroom is a positive guarantee that insures the satisfaction of the purchaser. Service real personal service is the slogan that has made our talking machine department the most prominent and satisfactory on the Coast. For years we have been selling Victor Vic trolas, and surely we know them well. Victrolas $15 to $200 Terms as Low as $5 Monthly We Have All the Late Records All the Time SKBSKKSSSSSS?' MORRISON STREET AT BROADWAY show no other June day as cold as to day. The thermometer registered 52 degrees here. Spanish Premier Resigns. MADRID, June 11. Because a vote in the Spanish Senate revealed a split in the Liberal party. Count Alvaro de Romanones, the Premier, handed his BANK RULING REVERSED SUBURBS NOT TO GET NATION AL CHARTERS. Department to Cease Regarding Out lying Portions of Large Cities as "Separate Places. " Washington, June 11. suburbs of big- cities in future will be unable to organize small National banks with capital of $25,000 or $60,000. Attorney-General McReynolds has rendered an opinion to the Treasury Department holding that is not lawful under the National bank act to con sider suburbs as separate places from the cities within whose corporate boundaries they lie and that if a city has a population of more than 50,000 people the minimum capital for its National banks, whether In the elty proper or in the suburbs, must be 5200,000. This will result in a complete re versal of the previous policy of the Government, and, it is said, may cause suburban towns of bipr cities to or eanise only state banks. The law provides that $25,000 banks may be organized in "places" of less than 3000 population: $50,000 in places of less than 8000: $100,000 In places of less than 50.000, and $200,000 in places of more than 50,000 population. Based on opinions by the solicitor of the Treasury Department it has been the custom to regard suburban towns as separate entities or places within the meaning of the law, and manv National banks of $25,000 or $50. 000 capital have been organized in the suburbs of Greater sew iorK ana um cago. It is not expected that the Treas ury Department wil make the opinion retroactive and disturb the charters of these institutions. 5 00-0 Veterans in Review. DES MOINES, la.. June 11. Nearly 5000 Civil War veterans, representing Iowa and 23 other states of the Union, passed in review before Generals Gren ville M. Dodge and Cyrus Bussey, the two surviving Iowa Generals, this af ternoon. The attendance at the reunion and semi-centennial home-cominff of the Iowa veterans is more than 10,000. PARSON CURBS COWBOYS Visitors! We are the exclusive sellers of 12 of America's finest pianos, including such well known makes as "BEHNINCr" "M'PHAIL" "TVERS & POND" "WE G-MAN" and many others. All this (Festival) week we axe offering special in ducements in price and terms. - You can now buy a good piano at the price of a cheap one. New Pianos from $165 up. Used Pianos from $75 up. New Player Pianos, $345 tip. New Grand Pianos, $435 up. Soule Bros. 388 MORRISON Opp. Olds, Wortman & King resignation to King Alphonso today, of the members of his Ministry, was His resignation, accompanied by that accepted provisionally. WEEK END TRAIN to Tillamook County Beaches via the lUbUtrmnrVsiAi ROUTES Every Saturday in Summer Leave Portland Union Depot, via Fourth Street 1:20 P. M. Leave Fourth and Yamhill Streets 1:30 P. M. Arriving beach points in time for dinner. RETURNING Leave Tillamook Every Sunday Afternoon at 4:15 o 'Clock. Arrive Portland About 10 P. M. ROUND TRIP FARES Week End (Saturday or Sunday) .. $3.00 Good for return Monday. Season Tickets (on sale daily from June 1st) J5-4.00 Limit for return October 31st. Call at City Ticket Office, 80 Sixth Street, Corner Oak 4th and Yamhill Streets or Union Depot. John M. Scott, General Passenger Agent, Portland, Oregon Day Cold in Florida. Young Preacher Covers 25 With Re volver and Takes Them to Jail. GRAND JUNCTION. Colo.. June 11. Twenty-five cowboys who were shoot ing and rioting In the streets of De beque, a small town near here, were arrested today by Rev. A. F. Glover, 22 years of age, who, "covering" the men with his revolver, marched the party to Jail. Friends of the men who were ar rested Immediately secured a warrant for the minister's arrest, charging him with carrying concealed weapons, but Mayor Walker ordered the City- Mar shal not to serve the warrant. The trouble started this morning, when Abe Ong, a cowboy, called Mayor Walker a liar and the Mayor "knocked him down. The cowboys then. In a spirit of revenge, rode through the streets of the village, shooting their revolvers and shouting. Sheriff Schraber, of this city, accom panied by two deputies, left for De beque today to aid in preserving or der, as the cowboys have declared war on the townspeople. JACKSONVILLE, Fla., Weather Bureau records June of 40 11.- years POSLAM MAKES THOUSANDS LOOK WELL Many who have given up hop of ever beinfc rid of some distressing skin disease and who have later experi enced complete cure through Poslam look upon its accomplishments as noth ing1 short of miraculous. All skin diseases, including eczema, acne tetter, salt rheum. Itch. etc.. are quickly eradicated by Poslam. Itching is stopped at once. Common troubles, such as pimples, red noses, rashes, etc., respond so readily that overnight treatment is often sufficient. If you need the healing effects of Poslam, try it now. POSLAM SOAP used daily for toilet and bath will keep the skin in healthy condition and improve its color and texture- Purest and best that money can buy. All druggists sell Poslam (price. 50 cents) and Poslam Soap (price, 25 cents). For free samples write to the Emergency Laboratories, 32 West 25th Street. New York City. Portland's Largest Fountain Pen Stock Is on Display WOODARD, CLARKE & CO. The world 's f among WATERMAN IDEAL, as well as many others, priced from 98 cents up to $25. The Ink Fountain is flowing; fill your pen free. The Pen Doctor is ready to diagnose your pen trouble. No charge. Waterman's Ink Never Gums or Fades 10 Cents the Bottle Up A WORKER APPRECIATES THIS. Wm. Morris, a resident of Florence, Oregon, says: "For the last fourteen years my kidneys and bladder incapaci tated me for all work. About eight months ago I began using Foley Kid ney Pill and they have done what other medicines failed to do. and now 1 am feeling fine. I recommend Foley Kidnev Pills." Huntley Bros., Fourth and Washington streets. The Oregon Social Hygiene Society announces that its Exhibit of charts, cartoons, pictures, etc., descri bing the seriousness and prevalence of venereal diseases, causes and remedial measures, will be Open to the Public, Both Men and Women Jane 11 to 1410 A. M. to 9 P. M. Journal Building (ground floor), Broadway and Yamhill No charge for admission Wat arrs eon Self-Filling GuaranteedW. From the Best Local Dealers jSrL. EL Waterman Company, 1 73 Broadway, New York The Largest Stock of Waterman's and Other Leading Fountain Pens Take one with you on your vacation (Bill's Third and Alder Streets