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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (May 19, 1913)
3 TIIE MORNING OltEGOXIAN, MONDAY. MAY 19, 1913. . frfiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiin iiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiinii iinniiiiiiiiiiiiniiii iiiiiiiiHiiiiiiitiiiiiifn FLEET IS QUIETLY COAST DEFENSES EXPOSED IN REAR j MEXICO'S RULER, RECOGNITION OF WHOSE GOVERNMENT IS BEING URGED AT WASMJJNlilUJX. Thompson on Fits, Isfits and Counterfeits If There are three kinds of men in the world: Fits, Misfits and Counterfeits. 8 mtkh i Atlantic Battleships Being Stripped of All Unneces- sary Equipment. Garrison Says Possibilities Land Attack Have Been Little Considered. mm m p - -v--.- - GROOMED FDR DUTY 5 tjmmmzm mw - j ; : : j 1'" ' " 'y' : KM WORK FALLS ON MILITIA Future Construction, Says Secretary of War, Will Take Account or Deficiency Adequate Mobile Army Needed. WAPHUTGTOV, May H. Secretary " .Garrison, In a prepared statement to rt ay. discussed ths preparedness of sea board cities to defend themselves against land attack. Mr. Garrison em phasised at the outset of his statement that he had Issued It because of a re cently published article respecting the land side defenses of our coast. Here is the statement: "My attention has been directed to a recent article respecting the land side drfrnse of our coast defenses. Land Side Lars'ly I protected. "It Is perfectly true that many of our seaboard defenses would find seri ous difficulty in defending themselves by their own srarrlsons against a land attack by numerous force: and It Is als true that t'ney have been constructed in many instances, without any refer ence to an attack coming: from the land side, but as was natural. In view of their purpose, almost wholly with a view of giving: protection to the cities and harbors behind them from an at tack by an hostile fleet. This being their principal function, pretty much everything else was subordinated to this end and in many cases fortifica tions were so placed in the effort to secure their best field of fire over the sea front ana channels aa 10 ronuor - their defense from land attack ex tremelr difficult. "It can be said of many of them: In fact, most of them (except those which are on islands) that their defense In case of any serious attack from the land side must rest upon bodies of mo bile troops assigned to this duty. Task Would Fall aa Mllltla. "Such mobile troops would probably be drawn to a great extent from fiSe mllltla. The Coast artillery troops. while available for a certain amount of work they are primarily trained for work with the big guns and cannot well be assigned to other work without . Jeopardising the efficiency of the work for which they are maintained; so that in case of a land attack it wLU be nec essary to assign considerable bodies of mobile troops to defend these works. "Before the advent of the modern gun. the common type of fortress con struction waa In the form of an en closed work capable of defense against land attack by its own garrison; but with the advent of the modern guns and the construction of works involv ing great outlay of money. Insufficient attention was given to the problem of . their defense from land attack, and a result many of them are so situated and constructed aa to be liable to suc cessful attack by even moderate forces landing from ships. Prebtess Baa Bee Coaaldrred. "With a view to correcting this de ficiency lines of land defense works have been laid out. and necessary In structions prepared for their prompt construction in a time of threatened war. In future construction it is be lieved that' much more attention will be devoted to making each Individual group of works reasonably secure against land attack, even though un supported by troops other than its own garrison. Certainly the construction should be of such a type as to enable a defense sufficiently long to permit the arrival of assistance from coast guard trcops. But. after all. this whole ques tion brings up forcibly the folly of de pending upon fortresses alone. Their usefulness Is much restricted until there Is an adequate mobile army. The real j urpose of sescoast defenses Is to prevent hostile fleets bombarding cities behind them, occupying the harbors whose entrance they are designed to rlose or bombarding fleets taking ref ine in these harbors. Gaaa Can sot Be Taraed. "Their guns are of a heavy type, necessarily too heavy In most Instances tor work against troops. Their func tion Is to fight armored ships. Their flanks and rears must be protected by mobile troops, as must the cities which ll behind them In case the enemy de rides to land at a point outside the range of the guns and make his attack upon the city from a point overland. It would not be practicable with the present mounting to turn great guns, constructed for this purpose, against bodies of troops operating In the vicin ity of cities. This Is the work which only can be done by the mobile army. "In short, all systems of coast de fense which, look to security through fortifications alone are destined to be of little use In time of real war. The fortifications are only a part of the defense, and while they are entirely adequate for the purpose for which they are constructed, they are fixed de fenses, effective only over the area within range of their guns; beyond this range an enemy is entirely free to operate, unless he Is opposed by mo bile troops. Mobile Army Decides Issue. "It was to demonstrate the fact that the great mass of fortifications de fending Boston was helpless to prevent the capture of the city by land attack that the Massachusetts maneuvers of 1909 were held. The attacking troops were landed at New Bedford and occupied Boston from the rear. This is feasible at any of our seacoast cities, unless the coast defenses are supplemented by an adequate mobile force. The well-trained and armed sol dier on his feet Is the determining element and any country which trusts Itself to defenses unsuported by a mo bile army is destined to disaster. Each helps out the other and both are ab solutely necessary. "The department Is now considering the installation of guns up to six-Inch caliber with all round Ore, with a view Mo helping out In the defense of the works from land attack, and It has paid more attention than heretofore to the construction of batteries which have a well thought out and prepared system of defense against land at- . tack." Cliittlm Bark Soon in Market. BUEXA VISTA. Or.. May 18. (Spe cial.) S. Merwln. with a crew of five men. is engaged In peeling chlttim bark between this place and Inde pendence for the Fall market. He is an expert at the work and is expect ing to secure two carloads to ship - away. Chtttlm trees are numerous in ' U parts of Polk County woods, and targe profits arc derived from the bark, which is valuable for Its medical qualities. ! j pa-:- , M jU ,.''V' i : - . i T ' 't ' v ' -V"?' ' " ' '' V, '''''' '-' ; ' ' ' '-' 1 w iac j"'" " A I " y. - ' .-- Ytl 1" l If II f t T ' PHESIDEXT HUERTA. I t r-i GRISISNQWIMPENDS Powers May Be Forced Collect Own Loans. to WILSON YET UNDECIDED Administration Sees Xeed of Action by United States,'' but Doe Not Want to Recognize Man It Re gards a Madero's Assassin. (Continued from First Paga.) be overthrown and the succeeding gov ernment repudiate the loan, a situation would develop closely related to the Monro doctrine and affecting the poi icy of the United States toward the Intricate problem of Latln-Amerloan Indebtedness. So far aa the Wilson administration Is concerned, this policy Is yet undefined. By recognizing- the Huerta government. France and Eng land have paved the way ror an in sistence that any succeeding govern ment must assume Its Indebtedness. Great Britain, by a mild form of coercion, has Just brought Guatemala to time In the matter of a long-over due debt. This marked a return to the collection of Latin-American debts by European creditor nations themselves, as waa their practice before the United States began to act aa bailiff in Santo Domingo. Veaesnela Case Recalled. When Great Britain. Germany and Italy In 1903 sought to compel Vene suela to pay up the Monroe doctrine was menaced to an extent that caused President KooBevelt to Intervene In behalf of a peaceful settlement. The pressure on the Administration to recognise the Huerta government as the provisional government of Mexico is dally growing stronger. The Presl dent Is strongly opposed to extending recognition to a government which he believes came Into being through the assassination of President Madero. At the same time It Is evident that there can be no honest election in aiexico while the country Is torn with revolu tion. JAPAN SITUATION TENSE Coptinud from Flrt Fil.) mal exchanges. Thus far the meet lngs have been rather brief and con fined strictly to business in hand. This has afforded little or no opportunity for Informal exchanges of courtesies and expressions of mutual good will. It has frequently occurred in tne past during delicate diplomatic negotiations. notably at the time of the British- American fisheries controversy, that the Informal and social side of the ex changes contributed as much or more than the formal exchanges toward bringing about a satisfactory solution. In diplomatic quarters tne ran or. Viscount Chlnda as an Ambassador gives- htm an exceptional status. As such he is the representative of his sovereign, and the usage gives to an Ambassador the privilege of carrying on his business directly with the head of the nation. Instead of through de partmental channels. The Ambassador innnr,ntlv has not sousrht to be techni cal as to the privileges of his -rank, and most of his dealings have been with the State Department and not direct with the President. TOKIO STIIX SHOWS FAITH Likelihood of Estrangement of Peo ples, Uowerer, Admitted. TOKIO, May 18. Faith in the Ameri can people to see that justice is done the Japanese is the dominating note in the discussion of the California alien land ownership legislation. War talk is denounced as ridiculous and only calculated to embarrass the two governments, which are laboring for a peaceful settlement by diplomacy. It is conceded, however, that failure on the part of the Americans to respond to the Japanese appeal for a discon tinuance of the alleged discrimination would be likely to lead to some es trangement of the peoples. The Jap anese public generally is convinced that the land bill is a racial and not an eco nomic measure and hence a blow to national prUle, and the people feel that the world must be taught the necessity of equal treatment for the whites and non-white. The Tokto newspapers are louii In their praise of President Wilson's zeal -r .... , in his endeavors to preserve the tradi tional friendship, and they recognize the difficulties which confront the President of the United States in the confusing conflict between state and Federal rights. The Nlchi Nichl Is of the opinion that the Question whether the Washington Government can procure for Japanese equal rights depends on the strength of Japanese diplomacy and urges the gov ernment to take a firm attitude. A Joint oclebration of the Japanese and American Peace Societies today was attended by 1000 Japanese. Speeches were made by Count Okuma, former Minister of Foreign Affairs; Baron Yo shiro Sskatanl, Mayor of Toklo, and Tsunejlro Miyaoka, who was counsellor of the Japanese Embassy at Washing ton in 190(. All the speakers attempt ed t3 clarify the situation and con demned jingoism. Count' Okuma was "loudly applauded when he compared the attitude of the California Legislators with the anti foreign movement In Japan half a cen tury ago, which he looked upon as an abased race prejudice. "We despised the foreigners," he said. "because they looked different; we did not consider them human beings. Japan finally saw the falsity of Its position and became an admirer of everything Western. The same principles underlie the California question, but, like the Japanese, the Callfornlans will see the folly of their position and truth and justice will triumph. "At some future day the Callfornlans will laugh at their fathers and grand fathers for driving off the Japanese, just as we laugh at the anti-foreign absurdities of the Samurl. BBTAJf MAKES PEACE TALK Preparation for War Encourages War, Says Secretary. WASHINGTON, May 18. Vigorous denunciation of a "subsidized patriot ism which seeks to create war because of the profits In armor plate and bat tleships." and of the sensational and mercenary newspapers which prefer oig scare-headlines to the truth, marked an address by Secretary Bryan here today at a Hague anniversary meeting held under the auspices of the Washington Peace Society. It was in celebration of the 14th anniversary of tne iirst meeting at The Hague. "War Is in the Interest of a few peo ple, not of all," Mr. Bryan declared. The profits are gained by a few, while the masses pay the taxes. War rests on feeling, not on necessity. Back of much of the furore for war Is a selfish interest in the manufacture of battle- hips. There are men so unDatrlotie tnat tney try to etir up trouble in an other country against their own so as to make personal profit therefrom. Is there any baser use for money? The people are learning to dlscrlm Inate also, he continued, "between patriotic newspapers and those that work only for big headlines. I waa glad to see the attack Secretary uanieis maae on tnis sensationalism. I hope to see this discrimination by the people increase. -treparation lor war encourages war, ' he added, "those nations that spend most of their time getting ready ror war standing tne Dest chance of ro lng to war." He said it was possible to change the' Ideal of the world. Just as can be done with an Individual, and that the ideal of peace would Dreval throughout the entire world after time. JAPANESE HOUSE IS GLASS Correspondent Says Foreign Owner ship Is Barred in Nippon. BERLIN, May 18. The excitement of Japan over the California alien land ownership is well founded and compre hensible, according to an analysis of the American-Japanese situation sent by the Toklo correspondent of the Welt Korrespondens Agency, printed today In the semi-official Norddeutsche Alle- geraelne Zeltung. The Japanese, how ever, he said, are scarcely in a position to place dimcuiues in the way of Cali fornia's land plans. The correspondent says the Japanese are living in a glass house because for eigners are now barred from owning land in Japan a feature of the situa tion which has heretofore been left un noticed in Germany. The writer ex presses the opinion that Japan will favor keeping aloof from the Panama- Pacific Exposition at San Francls-Jb. which he regards as Japan's only weapon against the United States. REFERENDUM MOTE IS BEGUN Exclusion Leagne Orders Prepara tion of Petitions. SAN FRANCISCO, May 18. The Asiatic Exclusion League of California Instructed Its executive committee to night to draft a petition for a referen dum vote on the alien land bill, to be circulated immediately after the measure is signed by Governor John son. The objections of the league are based on the clause in the Webb act which permits three-year leases. It is the purpose of the organization to cir culate at the same time an initiative petition for a law which will exclude1 Japanese and Chinese from both owner ship and lease holds under any condi tion. OLDER VESSELS REPAIRED Seamen at Philadelphia Navy-Yard Tell of Great Activity Vessels Being Prepared to Sail on Short Notice. PHILADELPHIA. May 1. (Special.) All the battleships of the Atlantic reserve fleet at the Philadelphia Navy yard are being prepared for instant service, some of them for the first time since the Sanlsh-American war. The work Is being done quietly, and offi cers of the yard deny they are taking any unusual action, but visitors to the yard note on every band activities in the marine barracks and on the bat tleships and cruisers. Seamen ashore said today unusual preparations were being made. The ships are being stripped of all unnec essary equipment and much of the ap paratus that is usually carried for the comfort and recreation of the blue Jackets and officers. Most significant is the faot that sev eral of the older vessels, including the old cruiser Minneapolis and the bat tleships Ohio and Alabama, that have not been in service for years, are being overhauled, repaired and outfitted for sea, and sea stores and ammunition are being taken aboard. These always are kept on the vessels, but during the last few days have been taken on. An ammunition lighter lay near the Mas sachusetts all last night. Other ships, said the sailors, are in the course of preparation for sailing at the shortest notice. DISPUTE VIEWED AS GRAVE London Newspaper Says Race Pres ervation Is Involved. LONDON. May 19. (SpetiaL) The Times give prominence this morning to a long article by Sir Valentine Chirol, its foreign editor, treating the Japanese dispute with the United States as a grave international issue. . The Times editorially takes the same view. The article says: "The ultimate point of the dispute does not affeot the United States alone. still less California. It is a world ques tion essentially. The fears of the in habitants of the Paclflo Slope are ex aggerated and premature, but they are not entirely groundless. No useful pur pose can be served by a blind condera nation of the tendencies of publlo opinion In the Western states. They do not spring so much from race ha tred as from the instinct of self-preservation, and if the present minor dis pute is composed they will assuredly recur. The time has come when Japan is disposed. to challenge the very es sence of the attitude of the Western nations toward Asiatics. She asks ad mission to the comity of nations on equal terms. Emphasizing one of the points made by Sir valentine Chirol, the Times says "Japan's challenge comes at a moment fraught with peculiar danger. Japan is entering on a new era. Her elder statesmen have nearly all passed away and few are left to check the impulses of the popular passion. The semi-divine attributes of the ruler no longer serve to sway or soothe the nation in mo ments of anger. The Japanese de mocracy is knocking at the doors of council chambers, and we fear it is a democracy which is headstrong, ex citable and Inexperienced qualities which are shared in greater or less de gree by all democracies. We are thus on both sides confronted by a situa tion of very special difficulty." ' Continuing, the Times says: "There should be plenty of room for the sur plus millions of Japan and China in tne undeveloped Asiatic territories for many decades to come. But California offers a quicker pathway to affluence for the ambitious Asiatics; therefore the fears of the Callfornlans. thought fo be ex aggerated and premature, are not en tirely groundless, and no useful purpose will be served by blind condemnation of the tendencies of public opinion in tne western states. "Whatever may be the issue 6f the present dispute, it is a question of mag nitude for the white races In the future. Until the situation becomes more strained we prefer to believe that some middle course of settlement would be found. . "While Japan is fully warranted In standing -upon her treaty rights, she will do well to remember that a claim to enter a neighbor's garden is not the kind of a claim that can be pressed with unrestricted indignation, however strong Its documentary support may be." The Dally Mall In an editorial beaded "Misplaced Idealism, says: "When Secretary Bryan loudly pro claimed that there should be no war during his tenure of office, he forgot California and forgot Japan. It is not probable that Japan will proceed to ex tremes; her statesmen are too wise to fight on an issue where Western op In ion would not support them, w)$11e her strength Is not equal to a struggle with the United States. 'Yet it would be well for Mr. Bryan to remember that he who declares that nothing will force him to fight is invit ing bis opponents to drive RTm into a position where it would be difficult for him to keep the peace." EFFECT NOW BEING FELT (Continued From First Pare.) bill reaches the party caucus. There, behind closed doors, the Democratic Senators will have their final confer ence on the bill. The caucus, it Is understood, will be a binding one. Changes Are Expected. The bill will get to the Senate soon after June 1 as the leaders possibly can get it there. Considerable changes in the metal, cotton and chemical sched ules are expected. This will necessi tate a conference after the Senate passes the bill. Majority Leader Underwood has nearly 'completed his preliminary slate of committee assignments and he ex pects to call a meeting of Democrats of the ways and means committee either Tuesday or Wednesday to go over the elate. The currency question will be taken up by the House leaders this week. Wreck Near Odell Halts Service. HOOD RIVER, Or., May IS. (Spe cial.) The train on the Mount Hood Railroad Company's line between this city and Parkdaie was annulled yes terday because of a wreck near Odell, when several freight cars were de railed and piled up in a ditch. The Fits are those men who fit naturally into the scheme of things like Thompson's Eyeglasses. Misfits are those men who, owing to' their own inaptitude, are square pegs in round holes. f Counterfeits are those men who are mentally cut on the bias and who im agine that they can fool an entire world simply be cause they can fool them selves. f In eyeglasses, Fits are a matter of expert optical work; Misfits are the praduct of misdirected ability, and Counterfeits are those eyeglasses which claim every virtue which separates them from the real thing. . If Blessed is that man whose talents are em ployed in a channel which makes for the general good and his own. If We have been making eyeglasses for twenty-one years and we cannot es cape the conviction that something more than or dinary merit is responsible for the continued success of Thompson's Glasses. If Thompson Glasses cost $2.00 or more. THOMPSON OPTICAL INSTITUTE 2d Floor Corbett Bldg. Fifth and Morrison track was torn up and a crew was busy all the morning making repairs. No one was injured, and today the train Is running as usual. Ashland Soon Epwortb Rendezvous. ASHLAND, Or.. May 18. (Special.) On May 31 and June 1 the Epworth League of the Klamath Falls district will hold an annual convention In Ash land. Parties from different portions of the valley will take part in an ex tended programme. In connetclon with this event district officers have held convention rallies at Jacksonville, Cen tral Point, Gold Hill and Talent, and on Sunday, May 18, will occur an Ep worth rally in this city, preliminary to the regular anniversary programme. President's Aunt-in-Law III. DENVER, May 18. Mrs. John Wood- row, an aunt of President Wilson by marriage, is ill at her home here. She is suffering from a severe attack of bronchitis. jjfjjijjj? pji't- us,, ,", JSj. JLipSB fSSp Box" 1 ' llfl- Your Vacation will soon be here and will be much more enjoyable if you can afford to take a trip or have more money to spend than your actual expenses. A savings account will help you to save and greatly add to your comfort and enjoyment. ONE DOLLAR WILL OPEN AN ACCOUNT AT THE Security Savings and Trust Company Tifth and Morrison Streets. DELIGHTFUL LllClL Wild I UIC I cUft.cl.IU gives. It brings friendships J near and makes all the world 1 one glad song. The price is g $425 for style FF. Q The Packard is a volume of harmony bound S in mahogany, walnut, or oak to suit your taste. EE All the Packard reputation lies back of it Packard Pianos and player-pianos standard in their respective fields may be purchased ! on terms from H Talking Machines and Records e 1 Morrison Street at Broadway g Liiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii imisiiKiiEniiiiiiiii BSTBHM UNION C TELE0RAM THEO. N. VAU. PRISIDENT v. v i THE WESTERN UNION Derby Desks Main 587 J.C WILSON&CO, STOCKS. BOND, OUAIN AKD OOTTOq 1UEXBKBS V1CW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, KKW YORK. COTTON SXCHANU& CHICAGO BOABD OF TBAIB, THE STOCK AMD BOND EXCHANGE, 8 1 BAA CISCO. 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