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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 13, 1912)
8 POBTTAXD. OKEGOX. Entrd at Portland. Oresoo. poofne Second-Clams VI at tar. ubscrlbtlou Rate Invariably In Advance. (BT MAIL.) iallr. Sunday Included, ou year !"ia Dally, Sunday Included, alx months..... Bally. Sunday Included, three moniM... ally. Sunday Included, ona mania..... Dally, without Sunday, one year JI -Daily, without fcunday. alx months..... -? Daily, without Sunday, three montna... Dally, without Sunday, one month. -JJ Weekly, ona year i- " Sunday, ona year Sunday and Weekly, ona year. " CBT CARK1ER. Dally. Sunday Included, one year....... " Dally. Sunday Included, one moots..... -- How to Kemlt Send PoaloIIIc money or der. cxpreaa order or paraooal check on your local bank. Stamp, coin or "fren?drt;, at the aendera nek. Give potofflc addrea. U lull. Includlnc county and etate. Foetas. Kate 10 to 14 PS- J ?iBu 10 lis pases. 2 centa; 30 to 40 pea. 3 "- to 0 pace. 4 Centa. orala poataa. douhla rata. rnk. ut.tero Business Office Chl Ila tin York. Bronawlck bulldJns Mio. Stecer building. , fcM c- Ban Franclx-o Otflca R. J. Bldwall Co.. I2 Market atreet. a European ouicev-No. Resent atree tv .. LAijdon. POBTLD. TUESDAY. ACCCST IS. WOMEN'S COLLEGES. ' The professor of Latin in Swcom College contributes to thVartlc?e number of the Independent an article n the education of women which Ight f rom 1U general tenor have been is doubly accounted for. a Richer of a subject whose only excuse .orcein, taught is that it has alwaj. heen taught she would naturally cling tc many reactionary notions as her head could accommodate, and .as aeon section of a man whose Latin gram rn ar has been the bane of two genera- of youth she would P'obably W .o crowd in a few more. At any wte, Mrs Harkness writes on education , as ? ft. "nought of the last century had run off her back without leavln5. a Iquare inch of dampness. To begin with, she bewail, the tendency to make school and college practical. To my mind." she insists, "the easential stud ies are mathematics and language vork because they train to clear rea Toning and the power of lucid expres- '"r'his fatuous sentence Very well the kind of matter which fills Jut MM. Harkness' article Had she eared to investigate the facts of life a little, she would have discovered without much trouble that mathe matics is the school and college study which tends more than any other to destroy the faculty of practical reason ing, while as a rule the more mathe matics a person knows the less able he is to express himself in lucid lan guage. Inevitably he thinks in equa tions and his thoughts fall into alge braic symbols. The reasoning of mathematics, beautiful as it Is. bears hut slight relation to the conditi.ns of life, and any man who should try to regulate his conduct by its rules would come to grief very promptly. As for language work and its tendency to 'train to clear reasoning and lucid ex pression," it is notorious that literature produced according to the rules of pro fessors of rhetoric is stilted and empty. Whatever else classical colleges may do. they certainly fall to teach stu dents to write English. If they taught them to write Latin, it might be some compensation, but the truth is that there are few college graduates who can even read the language of Vergil, Jet alone composing in it. - Professor Harkness-nas wij i notion in her head that manual train ing, the trades, domestic science and other practical studies are introduced Into the schools in order to hasten the exit of pupils into life. She regrets that parents and children are made to believe that "the best thing a school can give Is something that will make it advantageous to get. out of school." This Is Just about the twist a professor of Latin might be expected to give a proposition unconnected with her -hobby. The lamentable fact Is that sooner or later boys and girls must leave school. They cannot pass their lives in recitation rooms and college halls, delightful as those retreats are, and the important question is whether or not they have acquired anything which will enable them to earn an honest living after they emerge. The purpose is not at all to hasten their getting away from school, but to "make them self-supporting individuals when they are thrown upon their own efforts. All candid observers of current life know that the old-fashioned curricu lum does not attract boys who are ap proaching manhood. Its Idle repeti tions and empty forms appear silly to them. What they need is study inti mately related to real things and visi bly branching out into the activities of life. If the school does not give it they will seek it elsewhere. They can not be forced to spend their educa tional years pretending to learn Latin and mathematics, which is what Mrs. Harkness and those who think with her seem to wish. Mrs. Harkness objects to domestic science, the study of motherhood, and so on. in college, on the same grounds as to the practical studies in the com mon schools. In her opinion women give too much attention to these mat to alroarlv. "The Doorest mothers I have ever seen," she says, "are those in whom the domestic qualities are the most developed." This Is an aston ishing statement. Surely Mrs. Hark ness means by "domestic qualities" something very different from the common significance of those words. Perhaps to her mind a "domestic" woman is a slatternly. Ignorant creat ure who never reads anything but sensational novels, never thinks and never learns anything new. To be "domestic" In Mrs. Harkness" sense a wnnin must stav forever by the kitchen stove rocking the cradle with her foot while with one hand she piles the churn dasher and with the other . holds one of Laura Jane Llbbys mas terpieces before her eyes. This Is not our idea of domesticity. Motherhood is a science fully as dignified as gram- mar nrM tn learn it reaulres as much study as to overcome the mysteries of algebra. The proper management oi a household is incompatible with ig norance and slatternliness. The great mistake which has been made In ar ranging the studies of women's col leges comes from assuming that the two sexes have the same duties in the world and ought therefore to pursue the same branches of study. Their duties are In part the same and to that extent their education should be sim ilar, but women have some duties pe culiar to themselves and a college course which leaves them Ignorant of those fundamental obligations is gro tesquely Ill-contrived. Orozco, finding he will not be al lowed to settle In the United States, decides to continue the war In Mexi co. His desire to reside in this coun try was probably inspired by a pur pose to plot a new revolution. Sena tor Fall, therefore, has done Madero a service in blocking peace negotia tions, which would only have produced a truce. Madero would better chase this catamount until he kills the ani mal instead of storing up trouble for the future by making terms which are sure to be broken. NOT WHOLLY BAD. So much criticism has been leveled at the Payne-Aldrich tariff by The Oregonlan as well as others that it Is as well to state some of its good results, on the principle of giving the devil his due. That tariff has been condemned on the ground that it not merely failed to reduce but actually raised duties. Yet we find on exam ining reports of the Department of rnmmor-o onfl Labor that under its operation the volume of imports free w T ft fl l n of duty increased: irom " the fiscal year 1910. the first year the new tariff was in effect, to $887,670.- 830 in 1912. This was an increase AS S3 nor rent of the total im- . ct a? i.iit The dutiable imports decreased in the same period . . . nrwro.A4 from 1801,636,034 to ,111,05V" Tiir Via alsn been a decrease in du ties collected from J333,683,445 to J311.257.348. That our foreign trade has thived under this tariff is evident from the facts that exports have Increased from 11.744.984,720 to J2. 204,322.400 and fViot , hnbnfo nf trade in our favor has increased from $188,037,290 to $550,967,445. Our foreign trade has been stimulated at the expense of a decrease in customs revenue of $22,- 426.097. which has been more tnan made up by the corporation tax re ceipts. The Payne-Aldrich law has all the defects which are inevitable in a law prepared according to the system of log-rolling among the protected Inter ests, but under It free imports have increased, exports have also Increased and the resultant loss in revenue has been offset by a tax wnicn ians large ly on the beneficiaries of protection. Affoi- nil Pi-esMonr Tnft was Droba- bly right in saying that the Payne Aldrich law was the best doubtless meaning the least bad tariff ever passed up to that time, for all pre vious tariffs had been drawn under the same, pernicious log-rolling sys rm iwhlrh Tnf has been foremost in condemning. He was first to propose that the new policy of revision by cphAilnlAs ha Kiihjtrltiitnd for the old plan, and to him was due the establish ment of the Tariff Boara as a guicie to fniifrpfls in rnrrvinET nut that rjOlicV. That schedule revision Is progressive Is attested oy its aaopuou ay me vemw crats and by its advocacy by the Bull Moose party. Botn or tnese parties mud hn nrner.wlv. for thpv them selves say so. For the same reason the Tariff Board must be progressive, both the parties which boast of that virtue having indorsed, the general policy of which it is the result. HTKT jrR. WALSH. In our Judgment W. H. Walsh is a lucky man. Some people may prefer to say that his escape from death the other night was miraculous or provi dential, but "lucky" Includes all the meaning commonly assigned to those vague terms and a good deal more. While performing his duties as night watchman Mr. Walsh was fired at re peatedly, one bullet striking his hat and another a watch he had in his pocket. Some explosive powder lay near by, but though the shots were flying everywhere about, they did not disturb it- , What Is this but luck? Another man In the same circumstances might have been shot full of holes with a watch in every pocket. After he had been slain the dynamite would have gone off and scattered his fragments all over the township. Such is the different ways fortune has of dealing with different men. Some she favors without rhyme or reason, some she pursues with malignant assiduity. Usually she does not choose a watch to protect her favorites from bullets, though of course a watch will do when nothing better is at hand. But it is the Bible given him by his mother when he set out for the wars which wards off the bullet from the young soldier's heart, and when it is not a Bible it Is his sweetheart's picture in a silver frame. If we had our choice we should pre fer to be saved from death by a Bible rather than a watch, and a sweet heart's picture would be better than either. Not that we love Bibles less, but it is natural to love a nice girl more. Next time Mr. Walsh goes about his perilous duties we sincerely hope he will put a small but thick Bi ble In his breast pocket if there is no young lady whose photograph he thinks enough of to have it framed in silver. Of course it fs gratifying to be saved by a watch. It is gratifying to - be saved by anything. No doubt a piece of flintstone In one's pocket Would turn a bullet If fortune so willed, but there would not be much romance In such a rescue. It Is only once in an age or two that a man can expect to escape death by the skin of his teeth, and when he does it is certainly excusable for him to want the circumstances to be as satisfactory in every way as possible. QUESTIONS OF RIGHT OB WRONG. If The Oregonlan understands the contention of Miss Mary E. Hill as given in her letter printed today, there Is no 'ground for argument between us on the case of the "two stolen del egates" from California. The Ore gonlan cheerfully admits that if the two Taft delegates did not have a plurality either in Congressional dis trict or state-at-large they had no moral right to seats in the National convention. We also admit that "had the delegates been actually elected the National convention, as Judge of the credentials of its own membership, had a perfect right to go according to custom and seat those delegates." Miss Hill has raised an Issue as to facts in contending that the delegates were not elected In any sense. Yet we have the testimony of some very Intelligent, high-minded, honorable men who were in the convention Nicholas Murray Butler, for example who declare that there was little If any dispute as to the facts. It was a question of law a question as to whether the authority of the conven tion or that of a state should prevail in determining whether delegates should be elected at large or by dis tricts. There Is no parallel such as our correspondent suggests between the manner In which the Progressives propose to capture Republican party machinery in some states and the methods employed in forming "Lin coln's party." The Republican party has met In convention and has nomi THE MORNING OREGONIAN. TUESDAY, AUGUST 13, 1912. nated candidates. It is the party in executive power. It has a definite existence in every state. It has not dis integrated to the extent the Whig party had broken either In 1852 or 1856. In 1852 the Whigs carried only four states. The "Lincoln party" was not then in existence. Only 71 Whigs were chosen that year out of 234 Rep resentatives in Congress and 22 of these were Southerners, most of whom were soon openly Democrats. In 1854 we find Lincoln support ing Lyman Trumbull, the candidate for United States Senate of the anti Nebraska party. The first National Republican convention was not held until 1856 and tn that year the rem nants of the Whig party endorsed the candidates of the American party. In 1860 the old Whig element In the border stales nominated candidates under the title, Constitutional Union party. In fact the Whig party had only a nominal existence In 1852 and what feeble life it had as a National organization expired without leaving machinery such as that which the Roosevelt party would now appropri ate from the Republicans. Moreover, we are not so hide-bound to the Re publican party that we would con cede that robbery of electoral votes in Its formative period excused, condoned or mitigated the political policy pro posed by the Bull Moose adherents in some of the states. Our correspondent asks if Taft pos sesses anything worth stealing in Kansas. Perhaps the theft may be a small one If theft Is perpetrated. But so was the theft of two delegates In California If theft was there. " What Is the measure of political burglary? Why should a measly crime vitiate the acts of a convention and an Incon sequential steal becondoned in a gen eral election? The emphasis In "Thou shalt not steal" must be on the "thou" when the Bull Moose utters It ROOSEVELT AND LA FOLLETTE A CONTRAST. Colonel Roosevelt enjoys so high a reputation as a sturdy, uncom promising champion of public rights that it will be interesting to study the basis of that reputation in the light of what that other sturdy champion, Senator La Follette, learned by actual experience with him. The two men came together and began to work to gether early, in La Follette's career as a Senator, "when the latter was "In Coventry." Aldrlch was the boss and Roosevelt was President. La Follette tells the story of this period In his autobiography in the American Maga zine, which was written long before Roosevelt again became a candidate for President and which is therefore free from any suspicion of bias aris ing from political rivalry. In the session of Congress begin ning In December, 19,05, a bill passed the House for the leasing of coal land In the then Indian Territory. The Senate committee proposed an amend ment for the outright sale of the land. La Follette opposed the sale, but was voted down at every turn. That fight, says he, "was the beginning of the battle for conservation of coal lands belonging to the people." In his next talk with Roosevelt, the latter said he had struck "a mighty good lead." La Follette Replied that he Intended "to work out a bill providing that the Government shall take over that coal and save it from being exploited by monopoly control," and said he thought this would be a good thing applied to all the coal fields, of the Government. Roosevelt pronounced it a "bully good thing."-. At their next interview La Follette suggested "the withdrawal from sale and entry of all coal, asphalt and oil lands by Executive order," contending that the President had the necessary authority. Roosevelt doubted this and got an opinion from Moody, then Attorney-General, which left the matter still in doubt. La Follette then Intro duced a Joint resolution clothing the President with authority, but could get no action. Roosevelt promised to resolve the doubt In the people's favor and soon after Congress adjourned the withdrawal order was Issued. When La Follette returned to Wash ington in December, 1906, Roosevelt said to him: "I have got it in the message." La Follette was given the assistance of one of 'the best men in the Department of Justice in perfect ing a bill for the leasing of coal land. He went over the bill with Roosevelt, who declared it admirable and author ized him to announce that it was an Administration measure. Within three days Roosevelt told the Senator he had "conferred with friends" about the bill, had found -It would be "im possible to get support for any such measure," and that in order to "get something through" It would be neces sary to agree upon a less comprehen sive plan. He suggested that Senator Nelson's hill would be acceptable. La Follette replied that Nelson's bill "would be not only not worth while, but would. If enacted, serve only to bring Government control into actual disrepute and. end, as do all com promises with principle, in defeating the very object In view." He offered to support any bill, "provided It em bodied the principles essential to make this new legislation really effective." Roosevelt replied that if those who were supporting the new policy were not willing to agree upon "something which could be passed." he would wash his hands of the whole matter and would cancel his withdrawal of the lands and open them again to sale and entry. La Follette then makes this comment: I state the facta here Just aa they trans plred. became they illustrate the difference In methods which ometlmes rendered It Im possible for President Roosevelt and myself to co-operate on Important les-lslatton. He acted upon the maxim that half a loaf la better than no bread. I believe that half a loaf Is fatal whenever It Is accepted at the sacrifice of the basic principle sought to be attained. Half a loaf, as a rule, dulls the appetite, and destroys the keenness of Inter est In attaining the full loaf. A half-way measure never fairly tests the principle and may utterly discredit it. It is certain to weaken and dissipate public Interest. Com promise Is almost always necessary tn legis lation, but It calls for the most thorough mastery of the principles Involved In order to fix the limit beyond which not one hair's breadth can be yielded. Roosevelt Is the keenest and ablest living Interpreter of what I would call the su perficial publlo sentiment of a given time, and he Is spontaneous In his response to It; but he does not distinguish between that which Is a mere surface indication of a sentiment, and the building up by a long process of education of a public opinion which is as deep-rooted as life. Rad Roose velt, for example, when he came to con slder rallrosd rate regulation, estimated cor rectly the value of the public opinion, that had been created upon that subject through a space of nine years, he would have known to a certainty that It lay In his power to se cure legislation which should effectually con trol the great transportation companies of the country. But either through a desire to get Immediate results or through a mis understanding of the really profound depth of that public sentiment, he chose to get what little he could then rather than to take a temporary defeat and go on fighting at the succeeding session of Congress for legislation that would be fundamentally sound. I knew Instinctively what had taken place Immediately after the introduction of my bill. Representatives of the railroads and of the corporations both Inside and outside of Congress had probably swarmed to the white House, denounced the bill, denounced .me, and told the President that the plan X had offered was socialistic, snd that the committee would not toierato - La Follette had followed out the theory above outlined by him in his career in Wisconsin. Determined to secure a genuine direct primary law and effective control of railroads, he was beaten In the three successive campaigns for Governor in 1894, 1896 and 1898. When finally elected In 1900 he did not control the Senate, that body mangled his direct primary bill and he vetoed it. These are the reasons he gives in his autobiography: In legislation, no bread Is often better than half a loaf. I believe It Is usually bet ter to be beaten and come right back at the next session and make a fight for a thoroughgoing law than to have written on the books a weak and Indefinite statute. . . All through our earlier contests we could have iobtalned some mild or harmless com promises and concessions. But I was clear that we should not stand for anything that did not strike at the root of the whole boss system. . . . My attitude In this case, and in several other similar matters, has given me the reputation of being radical and extreme. And If this be .radicalism, then indeed I am a radical, but I call it com mon sense. It is simply the clear compre- . i n.i..lnl. lnvnlv,H ana the nension 01 wo . clear conception of the utter destruction of that principle ll oniy a pan oi ' "w plied. I have always believed that anything that was worth fighting, for involved a prin ciple, and I Insist on going far enough to establish the principle and to give It a fair trial. I believe In going forward a step at a time, but It must be a full step. . . . Difficulties leading to social explosions are caused not by too lengthy or hasty strides of progress (for men In mass are essentially conservative), but by holding back and pre venting the people from taking the next fun step forward when they are ready for It. Roosevelt believes in "getting some thing done," in "making a showing"; La Follette believes in accepting no compromise short of the full adop tion of a principle, in fighting on until he can make "a full step for ward." La Follette believes in fight ing within the Republican party until he has won it over to his measures, and his success in Wisconsin indicates his policy; Roosevelt believes In wreck ing the party unless it will submit to his control at the first demand. Which Is the true progressive? Which Is the unflinching contender for a principle and which the quitter? Which is the valiant soldier of the common good? Editor Hearst is seeking a place to rest his political feet, which have wandered from party to party until they are blistered. Having tied up with Tammany and Clark, he felt so confident of at last finding repose in the bosom of the Democracy that he registered as a Democrat, but now discovers that he guessed wrong again. His praise of Taft and his censure of the Democratic convention for not giv ing the President credit for good work done suggests that he may seek refuge in the Republican fold. By so doing he would, to the extent of the votes he can swing, strike a blow at his two best-hated ' enemies, Roosevelt and Bryan. He is an Ishmaellte, for his hand is against every man and every man's hand is against him. The al liances he makes are purely tempor ary, for the party he supports today may be stabbed with his knife tomor row. If the Republican party secures his support this year it will feel no gratitude nor obligation to make re ward. It Is all very well for that quartet of boy murderers to whine out "The booze did it." But booze harms no body wcio lets it alone. A barkeeper who sells liquor to minors deserves all the punishment the law allots, but the minors who buy the stuff are not inno cent. Boys who frequent saloons know perfectly well what road they are traveling, and when they come to their destination they should not blame "the booze." There Is nobody to blame but themselves. Love la a strange passion. Mrs. Flechtl protests that she still loves the husband whom she stabbed the other night. Married couples who make each other miserable with bickering Jeal ousy say they do It because they are in love. A modern philosopher tells it that ttiB hest nlace to study the phenomena of love Is the police court. A passion wnicn mannesis uacn n these ways can hardly be the same as that which "suffereth long and Is kind." . La Follette Is late In discovery of tampering with his mall. Senatorial courtesy is the comprehensive term of allowing a Senator to name his home postmaster to guard against the offense the Wisconsin statesman has un earthed Eugene will undoubtedly hold the skyscraper honors of the Valley when the addition is made to its big hctel. A seven-story building outside of Port land will be a landmark of progress. If the bogus RIngling did succeed In separating Louis J. Wilde from $50,000, many in Portland will not mourn Wilde's loss, but will recall that life has Its compensations. Oregon crop reports Indicate every thing will be cheap ?or the consumer, while the producer has the comfort of extraordinary yields to offset low prices. Polk County wants little of the Bull Moose. The animals that make It famous for dairy, wool and mohair Interests are good enough for old Polk. In arranging to keep the boy on the farm, do not overlook the fact that a few years at the Oregon Agricultural College will bind him to the Job. The world Is the better for the seven short circuits at Sing Sing yesterday, but the influx of immigrants must have "rattled" the infernal regions. There is a feature of an aviation meet that arouses hilarity absence of the signs "Free List Suspended" and "Standing Room Only." A few citizens of the State of Wash ington are not running" for office this year Just enough to necessitate use of polling places. Let us hope that the White Salmon bridegrooms are in every respect as represented In the advertisement. Naturally thrifty, Wilson is dis tressed by the size of the necessary campaign fund. , v This woman who killed her white slaver husband beat the law while breaking It. Local detectives who discovered the murderers of Baker deserve credit for their good worlc- The $3,000,000 wool clip of Oregon could be trebled If each farmer had a small flock. We have enough excitement for this year without the addition of Bulgarian atrocities. - All Harney Valley need do to acquire a railroad Is to develop that gusher. REMISSION OF TOI,i.S IS DEFENDED The Oregonlan' Canal Policy Call Forth Critlclam From en lorR. NEW YORK, Aug. 5. (To the Ed itor.) My attention has been called to the editorial lit-The Oregonlan", July 30, entitled "Retaliation May Result," in njhi.h vnn rticnusa thft Bublect of ex empting American vessels from the payment of tolls in passing mrousu the Panama Canal, and charging that certain advocates of that policy have been identified with the "ship subsidy" agitation. Your charge, specifically, that the shipping interests (and by that,) I assume that you mean Ameii can shipping interests) "and the inter ests behind them" (whatever that may mean), having failed to secure direct subsidies, are now endeavoring to se ..a thom hv indirection, throusrh ex emption from tolls in the passage of the Panama -uanai. uonacious a x .iu of your long-continued opposition to any form of protection for American shipping, and the zeal with which you attack every suggestion the adoption of which might be helpful to American shipping, I perceive the naturalness of your belief. You have so clear a grasp of the great utility of the Panama Canal, in the way of "the lowest freight rates and the lowest coat of living possible," that It Is strange to me that you are not willing to credit those identified with American shipping who advocate a" remission of the tolls as having that very object In view, to wit: "The low est freight rates," and, thereby, of course, a lower cOBt of living. The most discussed toll is that of $1 per net tonnage of the ships passing through the canal. In most cases that would amount to about 50 cents a ton on the cargo. You should know that such a sum would not enable American ships profitably to compete with foreign ships; the 50 cents a cargo ton would be quite insufficient to equalize the conditions of higher cost of building and higher cost of operating American as compared with foreign ships. The difference was fairly measured In the n,A.4.inn in th TTiflrnhftnt marine com mission bill of a few years ago of $5 a net ton per annum on me vessel. As an advocate of the remission of tolls to American vessels , using the Panama Canal, I take this position: 1. The chief purpose of advocating such remission, as to our coast-to-coast trade, is to stimulate the Interchange of products between the two coasts, holding, as I do, that every reduction in the cost of transportation Increases the volume of products that may be In terchanged. Thus, on this coast, and in the near interior, the people would be able to purchase and consume larger quantities of the prolific products of the Pacific Coast, thus Increasing the markets here for such products, and stimulating further production, to ac complish which a larger population would be attracted to the Pacific Coast. r r,ViAi haTiri. th nroducta of our coast, and of nearby sections, reaching the Pacific coast ana its nearny ora tions more cheaply than now through .rAnt1nn in transportation effect ed, would increase the consumption of such products among your people, anu thus a large section of our common country and countless millions of our people, would be greatly benefited 4 employment and In ability to consume more of the products of the country. 2. I do not think that you can fairly contend that either Great Britain, a party to the Hay-Pauncefote treaty, or any other nation, save alone the United States, would be debarred, in equity, in honor, in comity, or what not, from re imbursing her or their ships for what ever tolls they may be required to pay In passing through the Panama Canal. No obligation lies upon any such na tion not to do that, hence their right to do It honorably. It is to me incon ceivable, that. In such circumstances, any one can fairly contend that the United States, which has built the canal, which will govern and operate it, may be denied the right to do as to Its ships what any other nations may honorably and Justly do for their ships, in the remission or repayment of the tolls charged for the use of the Panama Canal. Because the United States has agreed to equality of treat ment and of tolls, as applied to the ships of all nations. In the Hay Pauncefote treaty, that does not debar the United States, in my opinion, from exercising honorably the right that is possessed by every other nation, to wit: to reimburse Its ships for the tolls they may pay in passing through the Pana ma Canal. This would be a wholly domestic matter. There may be any number of excellent reasons why dif ferent nations would find It to their advantage, as a nation, to reimburse their ships for the tolls they might pay In passing through the Panama Canal. There may be many excellent reasons why this Nation would wish to do so. To say that the United States may not do, honorably, in the premises, what any other nation would be permitted honorably to do, would, to my mind, be preposterous, and so much so as to be Intolerable to a sovereign people. S. The incidental benefits that would be conferred upon American ships, American shipbuilders, American ship masters and officers, and upon Ameri cans seeking a seafaring career, in the greater demand for American ships, as a result of the omission of tolls from our ships in passing through the canal, and, more Important than all, the crea tion of a fleet of deep-sea ships, and of trained and experienced officers and men who would form a very greatly needed resource of defense to the Na tion a resource so sadly needed at present, and the lack of which per petuates our weakness upon the seas. I very frankly ask you, therefore, if you. will kindly afford space for this letter In your valued newspaper, and if you will, with equal candor, say whether you do contend that, although every other nation but the United States may honorably reimburse 1 Its ships for the tolls they pay in passing through the 'Panama Canal, the terms of the Hay-Pauncefote treaty debar the United States, as a wholly domestic matter, from doing likewise? ALEXANDER R. SMITH. Possibly the United States may hon orably reimburse the tolls paid by American ships without violating the terms of the -Hay-Pauncefote treaty, but Great Britain denies our right. The Oregonian's contention is that ex emption from, or remission of, tolls would be simply a subsidy in disguise; that it would be totally inadequate to put American ships on an equality with foreign ships and that, therefore, It Is not worth while to engage in a dip'o matlc controversy with Great Britain on the subject. Our present restrictive laws have proved utterly powerless to build up an American merchant ma rine; the people have shown their fixed opposition to subsidies as a means of accomplishing that end, and, therefore, we advocate an entire change of policy. While Mr. Smith professes a great de sire to secure cheap transportation for the people, he proposes to tax them for the artificial building up of the ship building and ship-owning industry. We recommend that our. ship owners be al lowed to buy ships in the world's mar kets and sail them under American register, confident that by reduction of our prohibitive tariff we can ultimatoly revive the shipbuilding Industry with out the artificial stimulus of subsidies. This policy would benefit the whole people, instead of a limited class, by giving them the cheapest possible transportation. It would provide oc cupation on the sea for many thousand Americans and create a merchant ma rine and naval auxiliary far more effi ciently than the subsidy policy. As the canal Is being made for the purpose of cheapening our coast-to-coast trans portation, and as American ships are given a monopoly of this traffic, we have approved remission of tolls to such ships. The British objection to such remission appears to us untenable, and the entire benefit will go to the consumer through lower freight rates. SCIENTIFIC SIOXEY THE REMEDY Medford Writer Insist Single Tax Sot Core-All tor Evils. MEDFORD, Or., Aug. 10. (To the Ed itor.) Replying to articles by Mr. Gull ford and Mr. Buse: Mr. Guilford thinks the unequal distribution of wealth Is caused by manipulation of speculators, and his remedy is to take land rent by single tax, believing this would give all an equal opportunity in the enjoyment of the bounty of Nature. It would certainly remedy one of the greatest evils of political government, but not the greatest by any manner of means. The speculator In control of money supply wields a power that fluctuates at will all values, including land rent, and until that power is de stroyed, there can be no stability in the value of anything. My scientific money article gives the details of that invin cible power and the remedy that will destroy It. Mr. Buse presents Carl Marx" unten able theory that labor creates value, and that a day's labor should be the standard of value. A correct definition of wealth and value Is all that Is neces sary to prove the absurdity of the the ory. Wealth must have value or it ceases to be wealth like the air, and all other thlners when they become su perabundant. Value fluctuates with changes in supply and demana: ana no difference how much labor may be ex erted, there would be no value created without there was a demand for the things labor produced. Human necessi ties and desires alone create value. Scientific money will place money In reach of every person who has wealth to exchange beyond the possibility of any combination or manipulation plac ing It out of circulation, which is the only thing necessary to make credit as constant as gravity. The desire for wealth Is Innate In all normal adults. All wealth is produced by labor, and with credit undisturbed, there would be an unlimited demand for labor (the sup ply of labor being limited definitely) to produce wealth to satisfy Insatiable hu man necessities and desires. The use and satisfaction that wealth Is capable of supplying exclude any possibility that the demand for labor would cease, except by the artificial Interference of disturbed credit. The unlimited demand for labor to produce wealth would be compelled to reward the limited supply of labor a Just share of the wealth it produced. Labor would be stimulated under per petual prosperity. It would release all laborers from the strain and menace of idleness and poverty and make employ ment certain, with Just and satisfactory compensation, which' would stimulate Industry and produce such superabun dance of wealth that sustenance would be In reach of all with less exertion than oxygen, and poverty would be as preposterous and ridiculous as naked ness. All normal individual life is endowed with ability to distinguish between good and evil, and an Infallible Mentor directs the will of the undegenerate, without any necessity of submission to human authority, beliefs, or creeds; and when sustenance becomes superabun dant It will have no more concern to human action than oxygen, and man would no more violate the dictates of conscience and destroy his own self respect than he would mutilate the body. Government would have no other function but service; for there would be no necessity to exercise the power of might to compel anyone to do right when there was no disposition to do wrong. E. L. M'CLURE. ISSTJB IS QUESTION OF FACTS Miss Hill Insists Two California Dele ft a tea N'ot Elected. PORTLAND, Aug. 12. (To the Ed itor.); In writing on the case of the California delegates you repeatedly ob scure for some reason the real point at issue the election or non-election of the delegates. If the election au thorities declared no one was elected, then no one was elected, or so it would seem, no matter how certain the con trary might "appear" to others. The Secretary of State did make two con flicting statements, but the second and later one, which I quoted, agreed with that of the registrar of elections. Had the delegates been actually elected, the National Convention, as judge of the credentials of its own membership, had a perfect right to go according to custom and seat those dele gates, but to do so In the face of affidavits declaring they were not elected was asserting authority over a state that no reasoning person should be willing to concede to any political organization. Whatever else was done, this fraud, and this alone, was sufficient to vitiate the entire action of the convention. And to support your defense of its action you quote the "supremacy of the Union over the states." When the National Convention nullified Califor nia's election result. It asserted the supremacy of the Republican party over the state constitution of Califor nia. No one wishes to deny the supremacy of the Union over the states, a doctrine believed, by the way, long before the Republican party came into existence, and first put Into practice by a Democratic President. But some of us have not yet reached the point where party Is as much or more to us than the Union. The Constitution recognizes neither political party nor caucus. The Con stitution will have to be amended be fore party disloyalty can be construed as disloyalty to the Union. And with regard to the progressives stealing Republican state political ma chinery, is It not a fact that the old Whig machinery was taken over In some states by Lincoln's party In much the same manner as the plan pro posed by the progressives? And, as in Kansas, for Instance, does Taft possess anything there worth stealing by the progressives? And. for the electors, since that matter has been taken up by the Supreme Court for settlement, perhaps It would be as well to defer accusation and Judgment until the heavy thinkers have spoken. MARY E. HILL. FORECAST FOR WINTER WANTED Cathlamet Resident Anxious aa to How to Stock the Larder. CATHLAMET, Wash.. Aug. 10. (To the Editor.) It Is a little early for Harry Montgomery, Deputy United States Collector, to tell us what kind of a Winter we are going to have. We all here in Cathlamet (his former home) are very anxious to know, as potatoes are only two bits a sack and the end of the fishing season Is only two weeks away. Can't he be induced to impart this much-desired informa tion thus early, so we can get busy and know how many salmon bellies to salt to keep us from starvation? How well I remember the first year he was elected County Clerk, how ex cited we denizens of Wahkiakum County got when he penetrated the forest and watched the squirrels gather hazel nuts and told the exact con dition we could expect the coming Win ter. When The Oregpnlan published the news, his father, J. B. Montgomery, and Judge Raleigh Stott dispatched Samuel Stott to Cathlamet to Warren's cannery to salt salmon bellies and tips, and the famous reception given by the 400! Salt salmon and potatoes con stituted the refreshments that famous Winter. I have been a reader of The Orego nlan since Benny Lappens sold them on the Ash-street dock. "OLD ABE." Haate In Leaving Sunday School. Lipplncott's. As the Sunday school teacher entered her classroom she saw leaving in great haste a little girl and her still smaller brother. "Why, Mary, you aren't going away?" she exclaimed in surprise. "Pleathe, Mlth Anne, we've got to go. was tne aistressea reply, "jim- my'th thwallpwed his collection." Half a Century Ago From The Oregonlan of August 18, 1S61 t-u t.v.mdnt rtt ne.rsons srulltv of crimes, by Imprisonment in our peni- tentiary, nas not - hoped for by our people. Tho peniten tiary system in Oregon has proved a failure. The physical features of our state compel us to be at great expense in constructing good roads. We instance one case, between Portland and Tualatin Plains. At all times the road between these places is a bad one on which to transport produce from the interior and goods from Portland, and in portions of the season impass able. We have one resource. It is to avail ourselves of the labor of the prisoners In making the road. Washington. Aug. 7. The Army of the Potomac has again assumed the offensive. Troops left camp night be fore last and arrived at Malvern Hill at 4 A. M. yesterday, where they en countered two regiments of infantry with batteries behind earthworks. Firing opened and lasted two hours when the rebels ingloriously lied towards Richmond. Harrlsburg. Pa.. Aug. 6. The editor and publishers of the Patriot and Union were arrested tonight by order of the War Department on a charge of is suing treasonable posters, calculated to retard and embarrass recruiting. We saw yesterday a quantity, near $5000. of beautiful, bright and clean gold dust recently brought from Powder River. This dust will undoubtedly assay at least $17 per ounce. Attention, volunters! $100 bounty; 12 able-bodied men wanted for the First Washington Territory Infantry, United States Volunteers, for the term of three years unless sooner discharged. OWNERS OF DOGS ARE TO BLAME. Well-Trained Animal Are Not Nuis ances In City, Says Writer. PORTLAND. Aug. 12. (To the Edi tor.) In the Oregonlan August 9 one who signed his name, "E. S." had an article entitled "Dogs Out of Place in the City." While some of his state ments may be correct, he Is wrong in the majority of them. The first statement in which he Is wrong Is that dogs upset garbage canf. Dogs that are well fed do not go near garbage cans as a rule. If a dog does so It Is the owner's fault, and not the dog's. The next statement in which he errs is about the dog "outraging decency at every grocery store." Well, at every grocery store at which I have been (and I have been at quite a few), if a dog came Into the store he was im mediately put out. regardless of who the owner was. There, again, it Is the selfish owner's fault, and not the dog s. Surely Innocent dog-lovers should not be deprived of the pleasure of hav ing a well-trained dog through the selfishness of dog-owners who do not train their dogs In the Interest of themselves or others. If a dog Is weil trained, as all true dog-lovers train their dogs, the dog "heels" where he is liable to be a nuisance, or sits out on the sidewalk while his master is In a store or visiting a friend. E. S. speaks of children being terror ized on their own grounds. Ai yet, I have never seen or heard of children being afraid of dogs; Instead, the chil dren want to catch and pet. them, uz course, some people are an abomina tion with a dog. Take, for Instance the woman with a dog on the streetcar; she allows the dog to rub against peo ple's clothes, and makes a nuisance of nlm in general. With a man, though, the conductor usually has the clog taken on the front platform, where It Is out of the way. License laws are mentioned as a rem edy The laws now are strict enough, but they are not enforced. It Is my opinion that people who abuse the pri vilege by not training their dogs, prop erly or allowing them to annoy other people should not be allowed to have them. Surely, as long as people keep the dogs in their places they should be allowed to have them in the city. Now, about the muzzling of dogs. It Is cruel, but the people are so nervous the dogs should be muzzled to allay any fear even If there Is no such disease as rabies In human beings, as some people say. The muzzle should be plenty large enough, or the poor dog cannot pant, and then would certainly go mad. . Visitors or newcomers would be tempted to stay away from Portland if they got the idea Into their heads that the dogs in Portland are so much ad dicted to rabies that they have to be in mu2zle from J'SPEKERSO. MUTINY AND POLITICAL SYSTEM Connection Seen Between O. N. G. Trou ble and Governmental rjiprnrarm.. LA GRANDE, Or., Aug. 10. (To the Editor.) Your editorial entitled "Pop io Onvrnment for the Army" is most decidedly a good bit of common-sense. a a on ev-resfular. I tninK 1 am m - ... . j... nv.fi lalr of wil- pOSltlOn to JUUKC. ., lingness to conform to a command i . - a 4 Ha fI fr n t. Trl srlven by one wno u ' Elve it is, to say the least, a most dis gusting happening. On the very same .. nn tn acorn by an Da. KB we a. o - - . Oriental who was reared under the hand of discipline. -.i. Don't the advocates ui , ...nm.r,f rcnenlze In this ln- cine cldent a first fruit of their nostrums, their unlimited license? Moreover, the insidious leaven of ease that accom panies too many luxuries Is working. It begins by robbing people of their clear vision; next comes the torpid mind, loss of ambition, iiaJ. muscles and. lastly the human Jelly- fis", T.r. ir, his last rjaraeraph has made a most keen. . and, to my mind, a most true observation, save for his last statement, ,,, have too much possibility, nobody at-.u.i- mhitinn Under our pres- ent system of electing of fleers to run the government, wiu ",,h " . . i, hi notitlon with sana in mm i " - ".,.- nf the Secretary of State, regardless of his fitness or .lacK oi i"' - S ace has a chance of getting boosted piace, na fellow a-ets Into office and begins compounding Ms elixir he finds that some of the In- srredlents w 11 not. mi. ,...-!-- oroul ii I some three verv same lenuw feet from the ground on top of a gar bage wngon. . . . We are rignt on m .. irrv,,,,, a fellow loses out In an election down there It's an excuse to start a revolution, a. . 7 . - v, thwarted hODes of the disappointed elect. Everybody gets excited because hi. pet Mil did not get on the statute books. . Some take poison, some go to Europe, some wage war. some exnausi memmi." - . . , Anil whlrly-gig do.x. ""'".'"-r::- r ,,,. ca.siu.. aL vs. Caesar. Mark Anthony et al. Game called at lzo. " on Caesar and Anthony. At the Ameri can continental exniomun Admission price, blood and misery. Who says there is something new under the sun? . JUli-N A, nAiAwu''. Pauae In Courtship. London Opinion. t mnth.r nd be that wild if she was to see you a kisslA -toe. "But l am i a aiai j- "Oh I thought you was Just goln to begin!" Phone on Inatalment Plan. Philadelphia Record. Mrs. Hubbubs The telephone la an absolute necessity nowadays. Mrs. Subbubs Yes, I don't see how we ever a-ot along at ell before the people next door put in theirs.