Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 18, 1911)
MORXING OREGOXIA FRIDAY, AUGUST 18. 1911. i Fatarxl at Port and. Oraon Poatoffloa a ubacrlptioa Rata I HUM Inrmiiablr U A" III MAJU.J M r!!y. f utldar Included, ona yr V? Ij: VunOar lncludd. 1x month. J-JJ I'ally. (joiltT lacludad. tbna month... Zji.r. Sunday Usrludaa. on month. . . . -Iai y. wlt.iout Sunday, on yr.. ...... ra.;r. without Sunday. ai month tailr. without Sunday, thr month... Ia..y. without Huaday. a month a so XV.k!y. an Tar i II fcuadar. na yar i'. Iu4ajr and Wxkly. on yar " BT CARRICH.) Ii:y. hsdar laHodad. on yaar. ...... n- Xai y. Sunday tnoiadad. on naoath..... ' How to Haraolt B.nd PnotoSlo rd.r. oxproM ordor or poraoaaJ ehoe " local bank. Statu Da, CO n or cu rr"'Ti ar at th aaadcy rua. OIt poatomca adilroaa la fu'.l. ia-Iudinc eotinty and rausn ! 10 to 14 pas. 1 . lo 2 pa, a aaata; to 40 pas. ooot i u aas. 4 cant, raxalsa pastas woabi rat. jkMora Itaataoaa OtTIr Varr Cotik Mn N.w Tork. Pnaawick building- cnJ ftta Mi gor building. I-OKTLAV r. nUOAV. aigi-st IS. IH. taixo Taiurr otT or rounw. President Taft states with excep tional clarity and vigor. In his veto of th wool bill, his reasons for oppos ing tariff revision at th present ses sion of Cons-Tew. That they will maks av favorabla lm predion on th coon try Is certain; And that the Insurgent-D-mocratlc coalition has mad a se rious ml!ai In Its assumption that It had th President In a corner Is row squally certain. Mr. La Kollett and Mr. Underwood bava offered hasty nd unscientific tariff reTialon. and the people know It. The scheming politicians .are merely playing deep political game, and th people, know It. They hav Joined forces temporarily for the purpose of bringing humiliation nd disaster on the Taft Admlnlstra tion. and the people know It. Ths wool bill, th cotton bill, the farmers' free list Mil. are just as much the product of the old legislative logroll barter and sal of political and other favors between political and other In terests as the rayne-Aldrlch tariff, or any previous tariff, and the people know It. The President ha taken his political life In his hands In opposing temporary revision now because he .believes It to be unscientific and harmful, and he has bad In view sole ly the best Interest of the whole country In Insisting that the problem be settled definitely and correctly on the basis of ascertained facts, elim inating rueaswork. political expedi ency, traffic among various protected Interests, and all other factors that have heretofore made tariff-making- a 'scandal and a reproach. The people a that Ma Judgment Ls sound and his motives food, and they will doubtless approve. If th President had signed the wool bill th Tariff Board and Its work would necessarily have been Ignored. Or If b had signed Intend ing; also to accept th findings of the Board and recommend tariff legisla tion In accordance with Its conclu sions h would hav given his Indorse ment to a temporary tariff that he knew would disturb and unsettle the wool business, thus further paralysing- the Industry and doing great harm to related Interests. Ro with other schedules. The country In wearied with the Incessant controversy over the tariff. It wants peace. All busi ness and all industry want peace. Ther can be no stability or perma nency until the tariff Is out of the way. It cannot be definitely and finally taken out of the way until ig norance as to the tariff gives way to Intelligence and tariff-making by poli ticians ls displaced with tariff-making by experts. President Taft will appeal to the country to sustain him in his effort to remove the tnrlff or rather the making of tariffs from the domain of pur politics to the realm of real economics. 1-OKTMrR ALREADY CO"DEM'EIX After taking 1000 pages of evidence the Lo rimer Investigating committee kas rested until th Fall, when It wilt resume th tafc of following every trail pointing to corruption In th election of the Senator. Although the case ls far from closed, th unbiased men who have heard th evldcnc are convinced that, no matter which way the committer reports. Lo rimer will be ousted. Lorlmer persists In his pos as th Innocent victim of wicked men. H declares that If he should be un seated, he will seek re-election. If he should succeed and succeed honestly, h will hav proved that he ls at least good enough for Illinois and the net will hav to tolerate him. but ha will pot b vindicated in the eyes ef th public. Th Inquiry has natnrajly divided Itself into two parts whence did the bribe money com and whither did it gT Th former part deala with Trink'e story of Hlne' admission that he had raised a 1100.000 fund and used It to secure Larimer's ejection Ills statement is sustained by several witness who heard or overheard th Incriminating word of Illnes and who toll a plain, unvarnished tain. Against them ls set th evidence of Illnes and of several ethers whom he took to Washington to support him, soma of them being his business associate. Ther ar som contradictions on both a lil as. but they ar moat glaring on Hlne and hia reputation for shady political deals Is against him. As regards th actual giving of bribe, a number of Legislators hav confeesed receiving them and Lori mer has been given th task of prov ing that they did not receive them. In following up every lead th committee has gnn Into channels which ar open to a committee of Inquiry though closed to a court of Justice. For ex ample, th younger Iloltalaw waa a! lowed to tell what Impression his father's confession of bribery made on th family, thus giving an interesting sidelight. Lo rimer's case was not helped by the attempt of Hlnea to prov that his election was th result, not of bribery but of th throwing of President Taft'a Influence Into th scale In his favor. This effort to av Lorlmer at th cost of besmirching the Presl dent not only failed utterly but dis credited Hlne as a witness still fur ther and must have Induced the com mittee to add weight to Frlnk's story Lorlmer'a defense ls contradicted by a many facts and supported by so few as to gain little credence. II accuses the Chicago Tribune of trying to driv him out of political life ana th MeCormlcks of helping It by in wonting th Frlnk story and Inducing ether witnesses to bolster It up. He admits that ther may hav been a It waa used for him. which seema a dangerous admission. If Lorlmer knew the Legislators to b bribe takers, how did he expect to get their votes for Senator except by bribery. hen they would know that their votes were worth money and that the money would be forthcoming If they held out for It?. But he says the bribe-takers confessed in order to se cure blackmail or to make money and gain Immunity, all as part of a vil lainous scheme of his enemle to un seat him. Lo rimer himself will probably tell this story of conspiracy. He will tes tify at the next session of the com mittee and som startling incidents are promised if h should be as em phatic as Ulnes in his denials. He has requested to be heard, which would have counted more In his favor if he had shown any willingness to testify at either or the previous Inves tigations In Washington and Springfield. C IVIMZATIO! AM HTRJH.KS. Professor William James one re marked upon the occasion of on of our frequent lynching that It was not necessary to dig down very deep below the surfsce of civilization to come to. savagery. Many other events besides lynching bring the same un welcome truth home to us. Will any body pretend that strikes ar an evi dence of advanced civilization? Are they not barbarous from beginning to end? What will be guined In Err land by the passionate warfare which ls now being waged Between tne mi--.a man anil their employers? Will the workmen themselves gain any thing by It? will th great pudhc which looks on and suffers receive any compensation for their patient en durance? WI1V th employers grow rich while their rallwaya lie Idle? Strikes are a species or private war mw,A mm ..,h tm-r IN rtfll leSS JllStl- flabl than warfare waged between lawful belligerents. They partake of th malic and vengeful passions which accompany all strife between private factions. From contests be tween nations cruelty and hatred hav been largely eliminated. In strikes they still rage with primitive ferocity. . . . i . . i. . It is a reproacn to in worm mo.. K-t.- wav nf aetttlnr Industrial difficulties has been applied than the cruel and waaterui one or airmco. Mottiori have been invented whlcn promts a great deal, but under free governments no dependable way-of rutting them In practice nas wcu worked out. In Des Moines, la., a strike has Just been settled by the court, which ordered both sides to resume their duties. No doubt this waa very well, especially since tne order waa obeyed. But suppose it had not been obeyed. What would the court have done? Could some hundreds of refractory hands b Im prisoned? Could th employers have been sent to Jail had tney rroveu recalcitrant? Had th court any real authority to do what It did? These questions mill demand answers if the Des Moines plan of settling strikes la to bo followed. arbitration Is the most promising way to bring strikes to an end that has yet been hit upon, but It nas tno fatal defect of being voluntary, uw r ii moat tmDortant living problem for free nations to solve ls the har monizing of compulsory arbitration with Individual liberty. UK. I LEY'S TBOntUA Recent developments have made It as clear as anything can be that cer tain unscrupulous "Interests" would be very glad to oust Dr. Wiley, the rur food expert, from his situation In th Agricultural Department. By his activities In behalf of the public, whose health h has done wonders to safeguard. Dr. Wiley has made many enemies, some of whom ar power ful enough to Influence the decisions of Secretary Wilson. Dr. Wiley's su- oerlor. Not that it ls dltlicuit to in fluenc Secretary Wilson. There was a time when this aged and vacillating official had a mind of his own, but It passed long ago. For many months now h has shown pretty clearly that the on purpose of his life ls to cling to an office which he is no longer ca pable of filling properly. Every per son who appears to the venerable Secretary powerful enough to shake his position ls truckled to, while tn welfar of th great public whom ir. Wilson la supposed to eerv ls system atically Ignored. At least this roust be the cas If Dr. Wiley's testimony before the Congressional investlgat Ing committee is true, and If It ls not true there are plenty of records to expos Its falsity. The pur food law which was passed In the last Administration owes Its substance to Dr. w lley more man to any other man. He began the agi tation for that kind of legislation and for some seventeen years h carried on an apparently hopeless struggla to outlaw th various vendors of dopes and poisons. Finally bis learning and persuasiveness gained friends for th cause. It was taken up by the President. A powerful society was formed to carry on the pure food propaganda, and In the end Dr. Wiley had th satisfaction of seeing the law he had so long wanted placed on th National statut book. It waa a good law In very particular. Its only de fect was that it did not go far enough In protecting th public from frauds In food and medicine. But In the eyes of thoae who profit by undermining th health of th people It went much too far. From th day It was enacted almost, they have been busy seeking to obtain departmental rulings which would "tak th ginger out" of the rure food law. and ir. Dr. Wiley they hav found their most determined and fearlesa opponent. Decisions under the pure food lew almost alwaya Involve questions of chemistry, which Is an exact science. These questions ar supposed to be referred to a board of experts for de rision. Dr. Wiley, who Is a member of this board. I a chemist of world' wide renown, and his spirit Is daunt less. What he believes to be true he says openly and does his best to sham th devil. Another member or th same board ls Dr. F. L. Dunlap, who Is also chemist, but not of much renown, and his spirit Is far from dauntless. To show Just what sort of a spirit Dr. Dunlap possesses It Is a matter of record that in 100 Instanres where he had first agreed with Dr, Wiley about a point of chemistry, he rhanged his decision later to- make It coincide with Solicitor McCabe The scientific value of these revised views may b gauged from th fact that Mr. McCabe Is not a chemist He Is a lawyer and probably knows lust as much and Just as little about th exact sciences as most members of his profession, which is nothing st all. Cnhsppliy. In spire of his lgnor anx of Lhs subjects he has to pas upon. Solicitor McCabe la the- third member of th board or cnemicai ex- -,.-. mry A vHlh the aid Of the flexible Dr. bunlap he carries every point against ur. ney. Still. Dr. Wiley to so persistent in fighting for the public interest, and has so many resources of publicity, that he is highly inconvenient and at times dangerous to tne mieresie which Solicitor McCabe seems to cherish. Hit constant reiteration or I the warning that the pure food law , . . . j a. . cherish. Hit constant reiteration or la hcinr evaded and made of no ac count must be unpleasant to th ring of dope dealers wno seem to nave Secretary Wilson and some of his .ohnrrilnntea under their thumbs. So bordlnates unaer meir inumun. a ( neat little plot was hatched up to ( ..... . 1 1 . get rid of Dr. Wiley. It was all done smoothly and noiselessly upon in most respectable pretense. Inadvert ently the doctor himself rave an opening to his and the public's foes by employing Dr. Rusby. of Columbia, the leading expert of th country In applied chemistry, to make some analyses of dopes of one sort and an other. Th critical eyes of the bunch around Secretary Wilson soon dis covered that by a farfetched quibble it might be made out that Dr. Wiley had paid Dr." Rusby a few dollars mor for his services than the law allowed. The fact that Dr. Dunlap was drawing a great many dollars more than the law ougnt to aiirw did not trouble these people at all, but Pr. Rusby's trifling compensa- tn annrmnnalv vsltiahle Services struck them all of a heap, as it were. and nothing would ao put xr. dhcj must be turned out of his orric ror his error. All went well with the plot until Dr Wiley and his friends of the press . r. ... . t.iir Than I All went well with the Plot until and In Congress began to talk. Th we were treated to anoiner muio of plans going agley, as Burns would say. The Congressional investigation of the affair ls bringing to ngnt a number of Interesting circumstances. Secretary Wilson or Solicitor McCabe. Of Dr. Dunlap we y nothing, be cause he does not seem to oe m it" MA-ai a ,nni Tt Is our rule to SDeak tenderly of weaklings and the dead. The American people wish to ae the pure rood law enrorcea in us imrg- rlty. They do not desire to purchase - j..u...i. if . nr t n talcA nolson- nuui.i i nt . "i.u . ous potions In the place of honest drugs. PUBllc opinion uemauoe im strengthening of the law. not its ruin by frittering compliance wfth evil be hests. t .. h mmA with some assurance that very few tears Indeed would be shed by the American people were Secretary Wilson permitted to trans port th honors he has earned to his Iowa, home and some more competent man chosen to replace him. GOVERNMENT LOCKS AT ORIXiON CITY. The approval of the report of Army i ranmmnnHlna- the con- Cllelll9i:i. . ' J . - struction of a nw canal and locks at Oregon City promise at last a realiza tion of the dream of pioneers In waterway traffic in Oregon. Govern ment construction stanas tor perma nency and sufficiency qualities that former construction of locks and portage facilities at this point has heretofore, for obvious reasons. lacked. Th hesutv and grandeur of the Falls of th Willamett of former days are gone forever. They live - I M nrr hut fnlntlv. Th ef- CVVJ1, . i . in.. ...... , forts of past years to overcome th obstruction to navigation mat mry v. n - h,,n numerous, and were such as partook of th exigencies and supplied th stinted commerce oi mo times that they served. These efforts comprised at various times a mule traction tramway on the east side of th river between Oregon City and Caneman ror transporting itos' from the Upper to the Lower Willam ette; a breakwater, dam and ware v. ... n .ha. uat slrta. that served a IIUU..' D V . . - - - , - f sufficient purpos for & few years, but wer wasneo out oy me niniur.c of a much more pretentious breakwater, basin and ateamboat dry dock on the east side remains, the first of which are still visible, and at last th locks now under state control which wer built nearly or quite a quarter oi a ceniurj kj, uui which hav never been adequate to the needs of traffic. Th east side is favored by the re port of th Government engineers for th.. construction of the canal and locks now contemplated. The work. t Is said, will require at least tour . -.. .h.n it la once, romnleted Ml 0 ...... - ' th portag question at th Fails will be settled permanently and adequate ly. Tne Old muio traction uniumj-, over th site or which the new csnal -in k mil arlll h relea-ated farther Into the past and will soon cease to exist even In tne snadowy cnamoera ..v flnoatl the dav. sav those who comprise th cuisenry of the .. . . . n growing state: and speed tne pay f.l.ll. akaha. Vl O Vfllril Of thO WhO wer In at th commonwealth's small but sturdy beginnings rntaPW AFOIOOY FOR TUt'ST. dorg W. Perkins complains that Congress Inquire only Into the bsd ef- . . a it., im.i. and lonnrea their 1 at. is tii iiiv - - good effects, and backs up his eom- plalnt with a series or questions wnicn It "would certainly b well to hav an swered. Th prices of oil. steel, tobacco, sugsr. hav certainly tieen higher un j .v.. -.., .i-atatm than under com petition. While oil may be cheaper thi wa thi lan before th Standard un company as organised. It must b remembered ... . fIa. hi iViat lima tha refining In- ustry was In Its infancy and the con sumer has not got th snare or suose nani economizing Improvements to which h Is entitled. The steel trust has maintained a higher price than market eonditlona Justified during imaa nf atanreaslon. and has made the excuse that it was maintaining a stable ..i..iiiai li was maintaining a stable . til. . price. It has specialised the mills so ah at a Portland man wismng to nu a carload of various kinds of steel. vif.fi ha ,Aniii hav bought formerly at on mill, now has to buy som at Pittsburg, som at Youngstown, some at Wheeling, with the result that ne must pay th less-than-carload freight rata and be mulcted to effect econo mies for the trust. Claus Sprsckels has told how the sugar trust has up held exorbitant prices. The tobacco trust was relieved of the Spanish war taxes, but continue to charge war prices. As to th condition of labor, tho Pittsburg survey waa hardly a vindica tion of the steel trust. Nor waa th recent Government report that It re quires men to work twelve hours a day for seven dsys a week. The records probably show fewer failures, but In order to arrive at a true ....i.ia. n thi. nnlnt we must con- Vi'in-tu.-ii-'ii ui" r- I eider the number of plants which, UieJ trusts hav bought, closed or disman tled. These In fact are failures and would hav been counted as such had they been Independently owned. The record of failures is also kept down by the reduction in the number of men who start business, due to the hopeless- wi.t. micM Where IIVM JL . - . few make the attempt, necessarily few fail. In this manner the law of the survival of the fittest has been sus pended. By that law man has been penaeu. oy mat . ----- raised from barbarism to civilization an the American industrial system was built up before ever a trust was organized. By that law invention was stimulated, since the Inventor stood a ..u. his invention than under a sjstem M.waA ilia. t nrncticnllv hilt one OOS- better chance or rinding a mansei ior where there ls practically but one pos sible buyer In each industry. True, the trusts have Increased for eign trade, but they have 'done so largely by selling to the foreigner cheaper than to the American who has taxed himself by means of the tariff to create them. Nor ls it certain that the competitive system would have In creased foreign trade In .a less degree. . Competition ls held responsible by Mr. Perkins for the sweatshop, child labor, low wages, unemployment. Th sweatshop and child labor came Into existence under competition, but there Ls no evidence that the trusts are elim inating them. While much ls said of th high wages paid by the steel trust to Its skilled labor, that la a small pro portion of th whole, and the unskilled labor ls, as a rule, miserably under paid. Under competition skilled work men had a wide market for their skill; nnn.- thev are restricted to few large amnlnvart Ihor Is thrown OUt Of employment by the closing of aban- oonea plants, as in me sugar trust, and by panics, as In 1007 When Mr. Perkins attributes panlci snnnrt mania, as in rne case ui m when xtr Perkins attributes panics to competition, he forgets that of 1907. which came when tne trusts wer n the heyday of their glory. It had Its .K.rlnnlnir In the rrilRhlnS Of a COPDer speculation by the trusts and the reck less speculation of the organiser of a steamship trust. Th control or a single industry ny a trust has some advantages, but It has f, Iha iwnnU as trusts nOW exist. As th law now stands, all trusts ar Illegal and competition is ine rpcus plsed legal condition. If the trusts expect to b legalized, they must also .la.,. n -Iva. tha naonla. to Whom they owe their existence, the largest share or in ao vantage uenvou kai. ..M.tin. TT-tll hev are learal- Ized they should be given no mor consideration man oiner idurriii. ff-v. - n,..aniaN ninta todsv another r.nm Danraunlillva Laffertv. sent prepaid from Washington. It is addressed to tne. voters or ureiou, and la on that account given space, though The Oregonlan has a feeling that It would be doing a ainune.'s iu T .ff.rlv anil a service to the public. whose representative he la, by with holding so extraordinary a communi cation. It speaks for Itself. It typi fies Lafferty by Illuminating his soul and exposing the workings of a mind singularly Juvenile and immature. Lafferty ha a strange obession tnai t V a nanara hara are In learue tO d- stsoy him; but he has destroyed him self. The sooner tne curtain is ortwn on the whole Lafferty episode the bet ter for all concerned. Senator Cummins professes to know mnra ahont the steel tariff than any Tariff Board could find out. In that case, the difficulty might be solved in the simplest way hy letting luraraim revise the tariff. Why did nobody ever think of that before? Here have 600 men, supposed to embody the accumu lated political wisdom of the Nation been struggling for months and years, L.antni' tha Vatlon in ill SaTOIlT Of SUS- pense and contention, when the prob lem could have oeen oivea ty leiuut, Cummins do it. Death strike at shining marks in France. The other day a flying ma chine killed a Cabinet minister. Now comes news that the poet Rostand has been severely injured by a motor car. The progress of civilization ex acts penalties from all of us. We can not have theae new toy without pay ing for them In terms of quiet, se clusion and safety at least for a time, but they are worth all they cost, A changeless world would be too tire some to live in. We must not deduce a general rule from a single Instance. Therefore It must not b argued from the release of William Evans In Spokane that women Jurors will be merciful to criminals. Evans was accused of petty larceny and may not have been guilty. It remains to be seen how a Jury of women will weigh the evi dence In a murder trial. If they da any worse than men. woe and alas! Saturn and Mars marching before pale Luna In nappy concoro migni have been seen for th last night or two and w suppose the spectacle was enjoved by many, especially by the children. It wa better than a pic ture show. A boy will learn more ..tmnnmr in one night from a sight of this kind. If there is somebody to snswer his questions, than from a half year of study. Speculation In barley seems to be mnr. rnf i f a hi a than. real estate deals. However, the crop of barley is short and there ls reai estate in pieniy. Arbitration In th printing tTada ha one advantage that It need not run the gauntlet of the United States Senate as a requisite to adoption. As gladiators were forced to die to make a Roman holiday, aviators are driven into the air to make a Chicago thrill. A saloon should not b located In i.-f. .ant I n n mnA the neonl of ... . - . V such neignoornooq nv riBin y Mrs. Arthur Stone's device for sav ing her husband's lif may put her In the aviators' hall of fame. Th Colonel will add to his string of glories by being beet marf at the christening. We are not discouraged, neither are w downcast. Watch us smlle.-F-T. B Sr. and Jr. This is th day when Father does not grumble when asked to take the children. The bulldog obstinacy of Britons li commendable when not turned against each other Corey and his actress wife "lasted" longer than expected. STATEHOOD VETO IS COMMENDED Public Opinio Should Control Only When Right, Says Writer. PORTLAND. Aug. 17. (To the Edi tor.) I have read the President's veto mesage as printed in Tha Oregonian and desire to express In the strongest possible terms my approval of his forceful, clean-cut analysis of the un derlying principles of Just and equit able government. The experience of the ages goes to prove that In adjusting the principles of equity as between individuals, com munities and governments, tne irue basis can only be found by careful con ..n.Diin. 1ar.nn aKalrapt nrlnrlnlps. dis- I connected from personal Interests or j political bias. Farmer Jones round tnis to be true when he consulted a lawyer as to the rights of the parties wherein a bull gored a neighbor's ox, but when the lawyers interest was male mam fest his opinion of the equities of the , case was changed to a "but and if." j It ls not my purpose to attempt to i add force or clearness to the views so ably expressed by the President but to express my dissent rrora tne rignis of a state once admitted Into the Union, as expressed in the closing para graph In the leading editorial on the message in this morning's Issue to-wlt: "Once a state it can face about and in sert as radical and riotous a provision in the constitution as the desert-heated brains of its politicians can conceive." To this I must heartily dissent. Once a state It must remain a state under Its original compact without radical or fundamental ohanges except by formal or tacit consent of Cortgress, "radical and riotous provisions by desert-heated brains" would be nulli fied by act of Congress or the Supreme Court on the first splurge into action antagonistic or in violation of the com pact between the states and the Consti tution of the United States. It does not seem to me that there is any room for argument upon this view of the question else why the farcical formula of presenting a constitution for approval by Congress, if "once a state" It becomes a proper field for ex ploitation by "desert-heated brains Into "radical and riotous provisions." Passing this point of view as wholy indefensible. I wish to make passing reference to a remark, reported to have been made by Secretary Plsher In a short address at a luncheon in Seattle ss appears in The Oregonlan today. Th remark touches ths sam lines of thought and governmental actions as discussed in the President's message. The excerpt in the Secretary's talk as reported, he said "that public opinion was Irresistible as the flow of glaciers of Puget Sound's great mountain peaks." "Public opinion must govern." he de clared: "If it was not intelligent pub 11c opinion, then wiser minds should seek to correct It." It may be true In some Instances that public opinion Is Irresistible, but it Is not for Government officials to cater to public opinion except when In the right. In the days long ago a weak Government official said: "I And no fault in this man," yet he-yielded to the cry "crucify him. crucify." A courageous officer of the law is Justinea in resist ing force by force against the radical riotous exploits of desert-heated brains when goaded to action by mob violence. Governments are organized for the pro tection of the equitable and just rights of all citizens and a beneficent govern ment goes farther It says, "thou shalt not oppress the widow and the orphans, nor the stranger within thy gates." It serves little purpose for wiser minds to seek to correct public opinion, how ever Incorrect, after public opinion has had Its day. Constitutions are tha bal ance wheels of good government and the true statesman seeks so to adjust all the departments of government that all Its parts will protect all coming under Its jurisdiction against "radical riotous" exploitations of "desert-heated brains," and muck-racking scavengers. W. H. ODELL. Of, course The Oregonlan did not wish to be understood as believing that Arizona, once a state, can abolish a re publican form of government or violate or oireutnvate other guarantees of life, liberty and property found In the Fed eral Constitution. Contrary to the ap parent opinion of the correspondent the law meaning "tumultuous dis turbance of the peace" was not In mind when the word "riotous" was used. Disappproval by President or Congress of a new state's constitution does not bar It from adopting reckless or extravagant legislation of the same order as that disapproved, once It ls admitted, so long as the legislation does not violate Federal constitutional guarantees. HOP PRICES AMD PICKERS' W AGES Small Grower Wants Chance to Pay Off Mortgage This Year. DILLEY, Or.. Aug. 17. (To the Edi tor.) Five years ago I mortgaged my small farm to put in eight acres of hops. So far I hav barely kept even, not being able to pay one cent on the mortgage. It takes all I can make on the farm outside of the hops to keep my family. The first year I got 10H cents a pound. The second year I stored the hops and held until January (when hops had brought the best price the year before). When the buyer went to examine the bales, they were affected with blue moid and I got 3 1-4 cents for them. In 19 I wss offered 10 cents, but held for 2f.c. The papers all predicted higher prices, and I had visions of lifting that mortgage. I Anally had to hold the hops over or take murh less than 20c. In 1910 I was forced to sell Irr October to meet ex penses of harvesting the two crops. I got 10 cants a pound for 1910: 8 cents for 1909. It costs t l- cents a pound to raise hops, we psy the picker for between S an4 4 pounds or green ior one or tne dried hops. Now the papers cry more money for the pickers. I sm contracted for II cents a pound. Can I afford to pay more than a cent for 'picking? My family, wife and four children, two girls of 10 and 12, two boys of 14 snd i majie goon wagfi at a cent. The girls averaged 1.20 last year, the boys 2. My wife could not pick. That ls more than they can earn at any thing else. When hops were low. did any one say,' lower the price of picking? Why should this one Industry be spe cialized? Apples ar high. Pickers can not average as much as in the hop yards, but they only expect honest wages. Give the small grower a chance, and live and let live. E. L: W. Square Foot and Foot Sunnre. PORTLAND. Aug. 17. (To tho Editor.) Please stat th difference between one square foot and one foot sou are, if ther is any. Do w have a law which says a man cannot become President of the United States after he reaches a certain age? If so, what ls that age? Which pronuncition of "route" is the mora commonly used root or rout? Th United States Constitution fixes a minimum ag limit for President of SS years, but does not specify a max imum ag limit. "The pronunciation 'rout' is still common in the United States, prevail ing In som loeallltlea, but "roof Is displacing it In the beat usago." Web- stor. . "Square foot" indicates area. "Foot square" indicates th length of each sld of a square. As the area of a square is obtained by multiplying the length of two aid, a plane on foot square has an are of one square foot, and a plane two feet square contains an area of four square feet. REAL Writer Believes In Small Membership With Broad Appointive Power. PORTLAND, Aug. 17. (To the Edi tor.) If we are to have the commis sion form of government, let us have it. We don't want a modified form of commission government. The principle of governing a municipality by a com mission ls sound. Why should we com promise such a principle? Principle should not, and cannot, be compromised. No reform ever got anywhere through eomDromise. A compromise would sim ply delay a fujl endorsement of the nrinr.iole. The aim of the commission form of government is the application oi Busi ness methods to the administration of mnnicinal affairs. Its objects are the concentration of power and authority, the limiting of responsibility to those holding responsible positions' by virtue of the vote of the people, and a more economical and expeamoua nuimuia- tration of public affairs. We should have a commission composed of the smallest membership possible in order that responsibility may be more easily fixed and directed and that the people may vote more intelligently in making their selecyon. The commission should be given full power' and authority and be held responsible for Its acts, the same as ls done in the conduct of the business of a large commercial. Indus trial or transportation corporation. It should appoint tho City Treasurer, City Attorney, Municipal Judge, City Engi neer and other important public offi cials. There may be good reason for exempting th City Auditor, but the writer doubts it. The people by resort to the recall will act as a sufficient check on the activities of the commis sion. The Mayor should also be deprived of his veto power, as it would merely serve to shift responsibility from the shoulders of the commissioners ana i ford htm an arbitrary exercise of pow er and no one member should have delegated to him the power to nullify the acts of a majority of Its members. Our present form of city government Is ineffective, owing to the Inability to place and direct responsibility. It Is chaotic, antiquated and cumbersome and It Is not applicable to present-day conditions. The Mayor has little power or authority and therefore can accom plish practically nothing. He is so handicapped that he cannot bb held responsible and the Council Is so con stituted that it can evade and shift responsibility to other shoulders and on down the line. If he has an antagonis tic Council he Is still , more hampered, for there will be no unity of action and the conflict between the Mayor and Council will retard the enactment of desired legislation. The city's material progress and prosperity depend a great deal upon whether or not th city's affairs are efficiently and con servatively administered. If we are to have a commission whose membership is almost equal to that of the ordinary council of a city the size of Portland, elect the City Treasurer, City Auditor, City Attorney, Municipal Judge, etc., and allow the Mayor to continue the exercise of the veto power, let us simply revise the charter and correct its Immediately evident faults and have an out-and-out government by a City Council and Mayor. We will be Just as well off. The city's future growth and changed conditions may warrant enlarging the membership of the commission, in order that the affairs of the city may be better administered, and when that fact ls aparent the com mission should make Its recommenda tions and the people pass upon th ne cessity and desirability of an additional commissioner. The charter should con tain a provision permitting the en largement of the commission, subject to the approval of the people. However, the commission should at all times be composed of the least possible number of members conductive to an expedi tious and efficient administration of the city's affairs. Tha writer cannot support a cfharter which does not remedy obvious evils and simply gives us a commission gov ernment In a modified form with all the defects of the old system. GEORGE L. MTEPS. Dropped Out a Line. PORTLAND. Aug. 17. (To the Edi tor.) In my letter on the name "Mult nomah," published In The Oregonlan today. I regret to say that a line was omitted which makes the letter in part misleading. As printed, the let ter says: "The only tribes who lived at or near tha banks of what is now known as the Willamette River were the Multnomah tribes at and above th falls at Oregon City, none of whom was called or named 'Willamette' or 'Wallamet'." What I wrote la: "The only tribes who lived on or near the banks of what ls now known as the Willamette River were the Multnomah tribes, at or near the mouth of that river, and the Calapooia tribes, at and above the falls at Oregon Cits', none of whom was called or named 'Willamette' or 'Wallamet'." FREDERICK V. HOLM AX. A Streetcar Happening. W:'ilngton Star. "Father." said the small boy, "does procrastinate" mean to put off?" "Yes. my son." "Well, a fellow got fresh on the streetcar this morning, and you should have seen the way the conductor pro crastinated him!" A Touching Hay Fever Melody. New Tork Telegraph. I heard a man with hay fever singing last night: "Id the evedlg by the booltd I cud sld all d-de ad Used." He had It upon me, I couldn't even listen for a part of the night. Part of Athletic Training. Washington Star. "Why are so many athletes stals so early In life?" "I suppose," replied Mr. Growcher, "it's because they have to pass so much tlma before the camera that they neg. lact thalr training." The Baby. Baltimore Sun. Wonder-Eyes, Wonder. Ere. little Curly Head. Wher ha mother's baby been sins h went to bed? Roaming In tha fairy woodlands, stopping- by tne way, Picking buds and singing aongs. where Shadow Children play Chubby little Wonder-Eye. Opening wid In sweet surprls! Tangle'' Lock, Tangled Lock, whra B Baby strayed? Playing lors's young kissing games with soma fairy maidT Picking (hells from stretching beaches, laughing at th es. Coining back from Wonderland with fairy gift for m7 Llttl Boy, Little Boy. Do your finger clutch toy? Dimpled Cheek. Dimpled Cheek, crowing your delight At th coming of the morn after dramy night! Long the ride tnd rich tha besutles on ths Shadow Train, Taking you to Slumberland and fetching you again! Laughing llttl heart of ma. What new wonder did you ? Wonder-Eye. Wondr-Ey. little boy ef mine. Are you drunken with the breath of ths fairy wine? Come, it's time for Baby's waking! 8, the sun is high. And the gleam of day t danolng in th Baby' ey! Doe the world hold such anotbar? Singing little ioul of Mother! Advertising Talks Br William C. Freeman. Every city has a number of stores located outside of the so-called hop plns center." Merchants In all communities, like birds, seem to try to flock together seem to want to locate In one particu lar part of th community, so that shop ping will be convenient for tha people in that community. But how Is the small merchant, whose shop is situated away from this "shop ping center," to get hi share of busi ness from the public? Usually, such merchants confine their advertising to window displays, includ ing cards, etc.. indicating tho price of the merchandise to be sold, or hire boys to pass around handbills, and some times send out circulars through th maile. This Is a very alow and uncertain way of developing any bnsineaa. Once in a while, however, some man is projrresstve enough to realize that advertising, rightly done, mill bring trade to his store, no matter where H Is located. The London Feather Company of New York started in a small store on th East Fide, far away from the accepted "shopping centers" of New Tork, but small, persistent newspaper advertising brought business to them in such vol ume that they were compelled to open other stores In different parts of the town. Now they are operating three big stores In New York City. The whole secret of their success lay In their advertising, which, while not large, was well wTltten and ran regu larly three times a week every week in the year. Any merchant. In any community, whether his store is In the "shopping center" or far removed from it, can build up a profitable business through persistent advertising in his local news papersprovided, of course, that bis goods back op his advertising. (To be continued.) Brad's Bit o' Verse (Copyright, 1911. by W. D. Men.) Of course, my boy, you'd like to reach the station of Success; hut the trouble Is you want to ride upon the fast ex press. You think the Plug is out of date, the Local ls too slow; and you're waiting for the whistle of the Limited to blow. You take your ease and dream your dreams about that city fair and the many great and glorious things you'll do when you get there; and when your time card tells you that the Can non Ball is late, you whine about ths management and blame It all to fat. You never think to take your grip and hit the dusty trail; you must have the Golden Flyer, the best train on the rail. Your fellow traveler who Is wife will brook no long delay: he takes the first that comes along and hikes upon his way; he rides a handcar if need be or walks the graveled track; he gets his peepers on the goal and never once looks back. And by and by the plodding chap le way along the road, while you are still assuming airs and dodging half your load. You want to reach that sta tion, but your grit Is on the bum: and if you ever win success you'll have to hustle some. You will never take the Journey If you wait and loaf and shirk: for the secret of true genius 1 tne pa tience of hard work. Country Town Sayings by Ed Howe (Copyright. 1911. by George Matthew Adm. I People don't go crazy; cranks drive them crazy. Every time I ee a woman crying. I think: "Probably we men have befrn doing something again." Th next time you pass a man and woman walking or riding; together. e If the woman isn't doing the talking. Dressmakers are said to have a very poor opinion of the average woman "figure." The man who doesn't amount to much, usually lias his sign out. If you go around exploiting a fool belief, people will notice it and talk about It to your disadvantage. People who have fool beliefs are not accorded as much charity now as they were be fore night schools were opened. The leading dry goods merchant or the leader in any other calling has the greatest charity for men in li is line who never get along; but he believes that the rival who le crowding hiin Is a tcoundrel. A man who owns a M7 automobile if apt to think that if he should go to New York, the members of the Four Hundred would admit him without fur ther question. The old fellows never greatly enjoy the talk about "young blood.' ' Ther are a million things I do not know, but what I do know, I must know for myself. And I do not knowingly neglect any truth that is tmporttnt or useful to me. Battleship Connecticut. ASTORIA. Or., Aug. IS. (To the Editor.) Would you kindly tell me what was the name of tho flagship of the battleship fleet that mad th tour around the world in 1908, and where she was built, and whan? If then were different flagships at different times, I would like to know the name of the one when the fleet came into San Francisco harbor. AN ASTORIA SUBSCRIBER- The battleship Connecticut was the flagship when th Atlantic fleet en tered th Golden Gate In 1908. The vessel's keel was laid In 1903, In th New York Navy-yard, and it left the yard completed in 1906. Birthplace of Presidents. PORTLAND. Aug. 1. (To the Editor.) ls not Virginia called the mother state of Presidents, and were not Washington, Jefferson, Madison. Monroe, Harrison, Tyler and Taylor born there? Also which other President besides Hayes, Garfield, McKinley and Taft were born In Ohio? E. E. H. Virginia is sometimes called the "Mother of Presidents," and was the native stat of th Presidents named Ii th communication. Grant nd Ben jamin Harrison were born in Ohio, In addition to those enumerated. Rights of Agents. PORTLAND, Aug. 17. (To the Edi tor.) Will you kindly tell us if a manufacturer from another state ap points a man as agent for the county and city to canvass for or solicit order? for a household article, must the agenl have a perimt? " J. W. GORDON. No license ls required in such case. . jaavkfot ax Sprl&sfleldV buJL dexica tht