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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 21, 1911)
rnE morning oregotian. Saturday, January 21, 1911. 10 rORTXAXO. oucux. Xntvrxf M Ttn1Bd. Oregon, Fostoiace as coad-l'laiak Mattes. tatscruUoa fcti InTartaBly la Anraaaa, 1BT MAIL) Sarly. Sunday fnctndod. on, rw WJJ V-r S-mlap lnciudt, six months. . 4 IS Z.siiy. ue1y tnrlut4. Inrvo monlbj.. Ill ri:y. sued IncludoJ. on monUfc... .JJJ 1 s.y.' 1:iout Similar, sow yrr. lai:y. witnout 9-js.iar. months... X'l-r. wtt ivoxjt ttuBilay. tltroo anontaa... LIS J ml. jr. without Suadaj. ana. aaoaia W:y. en f rar tWadsy. on yar - atuAy aa wjily. m . ... lit .. . tBT CARRIES) Justly. PasirTay tnclu1e4. ona year. . ts.ee laiiy. Sunday uwludod. ona anonth... How to Knmlt Son4 Postofnea HOW orU r. trw order or persona choc at your' local task, stamps, coin or curroneT ere at the sender's rls. Otva postofnea address) la full, Include a county and Stat. rootac Ratoa 10 to 14 paxes. 1 cont; 1 to 2 pJsoa, IIIU; id" to to ". : to w paces, 4 coots, ".wixa postaga doubio rata. Eatfr Haolaoos OfSWa Varroa A V.on- Itn iw 1 DTK. ilraBawttS tounding. Cat- coco. Stegor build. as roRTLAAO. bATlKDAV. JAN. ft. lb"- MR. BOOi-VlXI OX ORMiOS. Th. nret-oclan has deemed it worth- while to print today extracts from a signed article by Theodore lloo-evalt published In The Outlook: or January 21. Mr. Roosevelt has riven an illuminative and intelligent tUscuaslon of the Initiative and refer anduoi and the recall. He has bal anced their good and their bad faults to a nicety and has described In a -eneral way the .afesamrd that nould be placed around such power when slanted the people that it may not be abused. " It Is Interesting to observe, bow rrer, that the very safeguards that Mr. Roosevelt suggests as necessary are absent In OriKun, but that he express the opinion that the prin ciple In Oregon has rroduccd good results 'certainly In the case of the referendum and probably In the case of the Initiative." "If It Is rendered too easy to in roke either process the result can only 1 mischievous." says the ex President. The ordinary citizen in private life, he aerts, neither can nor ought W spend his time In fol lowing tha minutiae of legislation; this work ought to be delegated to the legislators. If scores of bills are nrvntMl tha terc r ntnie .or wise titr- rlslons will be less" than if only a few of reaHy great Important are pre-'if ented. To quote again: "It is nec- a-uard not only against the cranks and well-meaning bu-ybodies wtth fad, but alo against the ex treme laxity with which men are ac customed to sign petitions.". Can anybody suggest an easier way to Invoke the Initiative or referendum than the method provided In Oregon? Eight rr cent of the legal voters, estimated on the vote cast for Su preme Judge. wtU Invoke the. Initia tive in Oregon and 5 per cent will Invoke the referendum. There Is no safeguard againat Indiscriminate and unintelligent signing of potltion. Oregon had more than a score of measures to approve or reject In the last election thirty-two in all. We expressed our opinion on state own erhln of railroads, on woman's suf frage, on prohibition, on proportional election of members of the Legisla ture, on a scheme providing for a rplnr department, and the Issuance of a state magazine devoted to politi cal debate, on a measure depriving the Legialature of IU power V pas tax laws and on a round dozen or more of bills of local Interest and of no general Importance. IV adopted some of them. too. If there were any "well-meaning busybodles" or fad dists who did not Inflict their Ideas on the public in the form of bills or amendments It was not because the ready means were not at hand. With all this we elected a full state ticket. Were the results achieved good or had? It Is still problematical; and we do not take wholly the hopeful view expressed by Mr. Roosevelt. The results are problematical because no ene knows what mean some of tha tir r-Ttant measures adopted. The brightest lights of the Oregon rar cannot agree n.the Interpreta tion of the amendment designed to reform procedure on appeals to the Firrerae ourt. and the Supreme !irt Itself has arked lawyer In gen eral to submit briefs to aid it In reaching a conclusion. On the amendment designed to give cities home rule In controlling the 11 rjnor traffic the Attorney-General has reversed himself, tho lawyers em ployed by the liquor Interests do not agree with him. and a ruling by the courts Is to be Invoked. , A Mil to establish a branch insane asylum in Eastern Oregon has pro voked a bitter political row and has resulted in revere charges against high officials. A fisheries fill of direct Interest to about S per cent of the people of the state was adopted and will destroy for the benefit of sportsmen with hook and line a canning Industry la which 1100.000 has keen invented. In the amendment taking from the Legislature the power to regulate tax ation, opening is -given for every tax faddist to present his ideas in the form of state or county measures. We have gone deep Into the "minutiae of legislation' and are preparing to go deeper. What Mr. Roosevelt has mentioned as the possible bad results of an un restricted form of the Initiative and referendum have come to pass In Ore gon. Experience here hits proved the soundness of his conclusions. But let Sir. Roosevelt beware. The Oregonlan has been preaching the same doctrine. It has advocated the safeguarding of the initiative and ref erendum so that the processes may be applied only In matters of Importance and solely as weapons of offense or defense against the legislative thwart ing of the public will. And The Ore- gonlan has been roundly accused of holdfrr enmity for this principle of government. Andrew Carnegie has given another ll.00.000 to the research fund of the Carnegie Institution at Washing ton. Lest the public should become fearful that Andy may become Impov erished through this liberality, atten tion is called to some of the testimony of Mr. Brandeis who has been ex posing the prodigality of the railroads. According to Mr. Brandeis it costs 115 per ton to manufacture steel rails and the minimum price to the railroads Is 12S. The profit is thus neatly 100 per cent. The same generous profits are returned on other forms of steel. It Is estimated that this country uses boat 1 5.000,000 tons of steel annual- ly, so the profits to Carnegie and bis friends who control the steel business are fully 1150.000.000 In excess of I fair and reasonable return on the In vestment. If the people had cheaper steel and steel products they might get along with a few millions less for peace, scientific research, hero funds and libraries. IX GRKEK ATT IKK. It Is possible that time and increase of wisdom may temper the natural aversion which the Portland patrol men feel for the costume of the an clent Greeks. It Is reported tha when one of the modern lovers or this caht attire disclosed himself on our streets the" other day he was rudely entreated. He was even threatened with a dungeon cell, while a club" Im pended over his head. To our mod ern taste, perverted by trousers, stiff shlrt-bo.soms and high collars, the Greek simplicity of costume cannot be other than startling. Thosesllght some and healthy ancients wore little but a aheet wrapped more or' lees closely around them. Often they elided even the sheet and appeared just as Adam and Eve did before the unfortunate Incident of the apple. It Is understood, however, that Raymond Duncan, the apostle of Hellenism who favored Portland with . his presence the other day, did not Ami V a .h..! If. n.a it u-rartntd shib-erlngly around his exqaislte form, albeit his shins shone ou( icily bare. Was he barefoot? History sayeth nothing to the contrary, so to make the picture complete we will suppose he was. The costume of the ancient Greeks may 'perhaps leave something to be desired as a fashion for these climes. Our weather Is more unkindly than that of the Athenians In the days of Pericles. Sophocles says of those enviable slaveholders that they "marched ever delicately through most pellucid air." - Our air Is often times anything but pellucid and oc casionally It Is too thick with rain to be marched through at all. But for all 'that there is little to be said in behalf of our usual attire. It Is ugly. Inconvenient and unwholesome. The starched shirt and collar propagate diseases of the throat. . The Htlff cuffs are devices of Satan. Tho lower half of the trousers legs Is an imperti nence. The Inflexible hat has made us all baldheaded. Surely something better could be figured out for modern wear If on ! of our numerous geniuses would only I apply his mind to the problem. But he did. would we consent to clothe ourselves in his creations? Probably not. Humanity Is not only desperate ly wicked, but It is also deispcratcly foollsh and It usually welcomes re forms cither with brickbats or the policeman's cluht Very likely several generations must elapse before we leave off either trousers or the derby hat. THE HOT KN t-KE Li. II CK IDKA. Tosslbly Slate Senator Kellaher would have got along better with his little resolution at Salem if his mo tives had not been so obviously politi cal and personal. He wanted to put the Legislature "on record." To get it on record he Insisted that It declare the "Oregon plan" the "best system of government in the world." Kellaher meant, of course, the "Bourne method." The very phrase ology was Invented by Bourne and the whole business resolution, pri vate stenographer to take It all down ana so rorth and so forth smelt of the Bourne strategy and the Bourne typewriter. Everything came from Bourne: It would have rnne back to Bourne as an official public Indorse ment of the man and his methods. That was the game. It failed main ly because Bourne proposed It. Ore gon Is tired of Bourne. Nobody Is for him nobody who will openly defend and support him. Everything must be done by stealth, under cover, as a result of the pulling of strings by which Bourne attaches himself to. men here and there like Kellaher. who will "play the game." How does Kellaher or anybody know that Oregon has the best gov ernment In the world? What Im mense assumption for anybody any where to say solemnly In an official public utterance that any government was or is the best. The Kellaher per formance was Incsedibly sIHy. KKMTRRECTIX) COMltf tORT A(.E. m.oT- The State Board of Pilot Commis sioners Is unduly alarmed over the abolishment of compulsory pilotage. In Its report submitted to the Gover nor the board gravely predicts that Unless the Legislature intervenes it will be only a question of time until "a great commonwealth with a large ocean commerce will be without a li censed pilot at the entrance to its greatest port." This belated attempt to revive com pulsory pilotage, the greatest handicap ever placed on our deep-water ship ping, should receive scant consider ation. Compulsory pilotage was abol ished for the purpose of breaking up, at the entrance of the Columbia River, a pilot ring that for years had levied on shipping a toll out of all proportion to the service rendered. The ancient system, which was displaced through the efforts of the Portland business men who were in a position to know what kind of a service was needed was followed by the best service we ever had. The Port of Portland has had no diniculty in securing the services of the best bar pilots engaged in the business, and their tenure of. employ ment has always been based on the quality of their work. In additlorr-to this improvement there has been a number of independent pilots, who in their eagerness to give ships the beet possible service for the monov traveled, to San Francisco, to Seattle and to Vancouver. B. C. to meet In coming ships and pilot them over the b"r proceeding unheard of in the .y" P comPu'ory pilotage, when the pilots took orders from no one. Every pilot operating at the mouth of the Columbia River Is "li censed by the United States Govern ment: the men holding these licenses are se ected by the Port of Portland v.u........' -oieiy on their merits. There will never be a time when the "greatest port" of this "great com monwealth" will be without "a. li censed pilot." The Board of Pilot Commissioners suggests that the state provide a power pilot schooner upon which Pilots "licensed by the State' Board of Pilot Commissioners may be served and accommodated, that under any and all contingencies the great com merce of . this port may be served by a sufficient number of capable licensed rjllots at all times," The Port of Port land, using ono of its bar tugs as a cruising pilot boat, and with the power schooner Joseph PullWer also in serv ice, is giving a better pilot service than the state ever gave or ever could give, and the burden on" shipping is lighter than it has ever been. There is absolutely no reason for any -hange in the present excellent pilotage and towage system at the mouth of the river, and a very slight investigation Is all that will be needed to convince the Legislature that there Is nothing in the suggestions of tne Pilot Commissioners entitled to con slderatlon. ComDulsory pilotage will never again be permitted ith its poor serv ice to levy toll on the commerce of the Columbia River, and It Is surpris ing that its restoration should be urged by the Pilot Commission. Ol'R OMIXOUS CXrRKFA REDNESS. Congressman Humphrey's eye must have been In "a fine frenzy rolling' at the annual banquet of the Lake Carriers' Association at Detroit Thurs day evening. "The nations of the earth know our condition," declared Mr. Humphrey, "and they know that we are utterly unprepared for war, They know that our Army Is too small and thai our Navy is practically help less because we have no merchant ves sets as an auxiliary." Shivers must have run up and down the banquet board and the spines of the banqueters when the member from Washington Informed them that "Japan could seize Seattle. Tacoma, Portland, tho Bremerton Government Xavy-yiw-d, five great transcontinental runways, rortiry mountain passes, ana have an empire upon which to live before the United States could get 75,000 troops to the Pacific Ocean." The United States has a reputation extending back clear into the British king row for being unprepared for war. and for licking the everlasting stuffing out of the antagonist who mis takes the meaning of our unprepared ness. The thing that prepares the United States or any other really great nation for war is some real or fancied wrong, wjilch, suddenly unfolded be fore the gaze, produces the enervating effect that Is shown in a bull when a red rag Is flaunted before him. This National spirit developed quite rapidly when the Maine was blown up in Ha vana harbor, and it also flared up with a rush when Sumter was fired on. We were not even "prepared" for war in 1812 or In 177S, but in spite of our unpreparedness we managed to make very creditable showing. It Is true, as stated by Congressman Humphrey, "the nations of the earth know our condition." They also know something about our past history. Meanwhile, if it will allay the fears of Mr. Humphrey to have an auxiliary merchant marine, he might trot swift ly back to Washington and Introduce bill permitting the Government and private citizens to secure a fleet of cheap, well-built vessels such, as are( always to be round on the bargain counters of the foreign shipbuilders. Money talks, and the foreign ship builder has not yet learned to distin guish between that which has an American and that which has a for eign ring. DEKT BKA IlSIIF.rU KS. Two Bandon men will leave. Febru ary 1. on a cruise west of Cape Blanco to search for halibut banks which are supposed to exist In that vicinity. Whllo halibut have been taken la small numbers at a dozen places off the Oregon coast, no definite attempt has ever been made to locate their breeding grounds, and If "banks" of similar Importance to those off North ern British Columbia can be found In this vicinity, a new and promising In dustry will be added to the many that are already Increasing the wealth of the Oregonlans. Now that Portland has become the greatest railroad cen ter on the Pacific Coast, our oppor tunities for distributing sea food are superior to those of any other port, and the market for fish and other sea foods could be enlarged In definitely. Halibut has, perhaps, attracted more attentiou than any other of the Taclflc Coast food fishes, but right off the Oregon coast, there are prac tically unlimited quantities of ling cod, redflsh. flounders, porgles. herring and other palatable fish which would find a ready market throughout the Pacific Northwest and far into the Rocky Mountain country. Development of resources on land has been so highly remunerative, in this state that little attention has been paid to our deep sea resources, but in the future they are destined to attract much more. bio noons of ei and 'so. The greatest Willamette River flood was probably that of December 1861. Such is the verdict of "otdest-settler" pioneers. Although "long-ago" floods often grow in subsequent narrative, there Is no doubt that the volume of water that swelled tho AVIllamette River forty-nine years ago was greater than any since that time. Next ln size was the flood of Feb ruary. 1890. Many clUzens remember that the old Morrison bridge was ex pected to fall before its current. The height of the river then was 28.7 feet and large part of the northern dis trict of the city was awash. Minor floods were those of Febru ary. 1881. when the river stood 28. 8 feet at Portland, and of February. iatM, wnen tne recorded height was 22.S. The present rush of water will be classed with lesser floods. " In each of these cases the "high water" has been that of the Willam ette River. The Columbia River freshet does not reach Its crest until May and June, and although it may raise the Willamette River to greater height, as to 30 feet in 1894. yet the river at Portland then is "dead" or quiet, on account of "back water." The flood that causes most damage to property In Portland Is that of the Willamette, which comes at uncertain Intervals in January or February. The rainfall that produced the great flood of 1861 came in the space of about three days; In 1890 the rainfall lasted during a period of nearly fif teen days. The rainfall this week lasted not quite three days, or almost as long as that In 1861. But the flood in 1861 vastly exceeded that of the present time which Indicates that the rainfall during the three davs In 1861 greatly exceeded that of the three days this week. The rush of water from rain, forty-nine years ago was augmenfgd by melting mow.- From all obtainable Information it may be accepted as certain that the rustf of water In '61 was more sudden than this year and that its volume was much greater. It may also be ac cepted as certain that the height of the Willamette at Portland in 1861 was 30 inches lower than in 1890. Yet this does not mean that the vol ume of the current in 1861 could have heen leas than in 1890: the. Coiumoi River higher in 1890. and as its channel was well filled by-its own flood, the waters' poured into it by the Willamette could not so readily escape. Again, the channel had been considerably narrowed at Portland by docks, embankments, bridge piers. In 1890 It was supposed by many persons mat tne nouu ' "" was the greatest that ever pourea down the Willamette; but it i known to have been much smaller than that of 1861 and but little greater than that of 1881 A flood equal to that of 1861 would have done Incalculable ruln- . , . . It will be well henceforward, in making improvements, to keep high water marks In view. Heavy fall of rain at this season Is not uncommon although there are often intervals of considerable length betweeji Its recur rences. The climate of the Pacific North west does not change from one decade to another; nor does Winter weather. There are variations and recurrences but climate and weather of this re gion are the same as when Lewis and riartt snent the first recorded white governor, ana issued a circular oppos Clarlt spent tne nrsi recoraea , iDg &n Republican candidates who 111M.I1 S lllktri UCIC, illUlc ll.ci tury ago, and as when the first pio neers made their homes here during tha fifty years following. . The distribution in the shape of Christmas bonuses to the employes of the United States Steel Corpora tion this year reached a total of $2,700,000. This disbursement was in the nature of a reward of merit and covered a wide range, according to the efficiency and punctuality of the individual employe and the prac tical suggestions he may have made during the year. The term ("addi tional earnings" might better apply to the large sum thus distributed as being much more appropriate than that of "bonuses." It is not prompt ed by a sentimental and passing feel ing of Christmas good will, nor Is it performed unsystematlcally. It Is, on the contrary, the result of a care fully elaborated profit-sharing plan or system Inaugurated 'several years ago. Every employe is eligible to a share of the fund which expands wifh each year according to the in dividual efforts of the employes and without relation to the salary that each receives. It is literally a reward of merit and the recipient can take the amount awarded either ln money or stock ln the corporation. A large majority bo far have taken stock and thus become more closely identified with the Interests of the -company. It is regarded as a practical and gener ally satisfactory meins of bridging the chasm that the modern industrial system has opened between capital and labor. New Orleans seems to have won the first round in the contest that is be ing waged over the site of the Pan ama-Pacific Exposition. The favorable. report of the House committee is not, however, of sufficient importance to cause any undue hilarity in the South ern city. San Francisco and the State of California, exclusive of local, county and city appropriations outside of San Francisco, has In sight a total of $17, 600.000, the largest sum ever sub scribed ln this country as a prelimi nary for a big exposition. New Or leans, despite most strenuous efforts. has not yet succeeded In securing one third as much money and under no circumstances will it be possible for her to get together as great a fund as will be expended by San Francisco. For this reason the largest Panama- Pacific Exposition in the country will be hold in San Francisco," regardless of Government sanction. The Pacific Coast Is the logical place for holding the exposition, and If Congress shoujd become stubborn, there will be two expositions with that on the Pacific Coast leading the other so far that comparisons will be Impossible. Mr. H. B. Miller ex-Consul at Bel fast, stated the case succinctly and truly in the matter of flax culture in Oregon before a meeting of tho Ore gon Flax Association in this city Thursday evening when he said: -IntHlfireiica. a high grade of training, special adaptation for tho work and a com plete mastery of detail by workers will bring to Oregon the linen manufacturing industry. Of the truth of this estimate there can be no doubt. Flax culture has been successfully demonstrated; the fineness and excellence of the fiber has heen proven by comparison and vouched for by experts, and the growth and yield per acre of the flax plant has been shown to be satisfac tory. With these fundamentals of production established it remains for Oregon to go forward ln the linen and hempen Industry ln accordance with the above requirements. Prudence Is a valuable asset in a Janitor who has charge of a building which ' Is headed by a stove. This quality appears to have been lacking in the. Janitor who lighted a fire In the stove in the room occupied by the East Portland branch of the Public Library, stuffed it with fuel and left It to attain a fierce heat, unchecked. America", is not satisfied to shower gold coin n musical and dramatic favorites. We must also, melt more preclousvmetaI into plates and give it to Terrys and Tetrazzinls. Portland newsboys will not be gagged by ordinance. The newsy of today is the business man some years later, and should be heard from at all ages. If the Pacific Coast championship had "hung on those three games, what a piece of news the supreme baseball court's decision would have been! Can't believe that American citi zens living in those Ohio districts sold their votes. The people- are al ways to be trusted. Paul Morton was getting too much pay, and, being a Morton, tried to work up to It. That killed him. But if Portland had not won ln spite of it, the decision might have been harder to reach. Aerial travel will overcome troubles, but not yet. flood ' Oregon may consider her face suf ficiently washed. Divided party aduRXE's hope. Senator 'Would Have Xo Chance Against One Candidate. LA GRANDE. Or., Jan. 18. (To the Editor.) To one who has taken an In terest in Oregon politics for many years, present conditions are miereai More than two-thlrds of the vot- era of the state register as Republi earn, and the Legislative Assembly is almost wholly Republican. There Is not a county In the state that can be truly Democratic and I am not sure that there is a really Democratic pre cinct in the state. Democracy of the Jefferson school say that this state of f tnlngg i,, due largely to personal poii- Ucg Wnat js left of the Democratic ! partjr ln Oregon has been used for ' the last 8. years to further the lnter- j ests of one man. Many Democrats are resolved that this state of things shall , cease. or tlielr support will no longer I be given to aid this one-man idea. I Whether the defeat of the late chair- man of tne Democratio committee for j re-election Is to be regarded as a blow at the one-man idea or not, I do not know. But what is the condition of thing's on the Republican side? With Its great apparent majority, what is its condi tion? It Is ln a worse state than its Democratic opponent. About 20 per ce:-t of the Republican element Joined w'lli the Democrats at the recent elec tion and aided in electing a Democratic Governor. Senator Bourne openly sup ported the Democratic candidate for were nominated by the Republican Assembly. I believe that as many as one-half of the state ticket that was elected were nominated by the assem bly. This would Indicate that it was not the assembly nomination that de feated Bowerman. Frank VT. Benson, who was nominated by the assembly, was elected Secretary of State by more than 36.000 majority, and he carried every county in the state. Hence, 1 conclude that the assembly or the anti-assembly sentiment is not the only thing that is dividing the Repub licans ln Oregon. There la something back; of that. The old Mitchell and anti-Mitchell sentiment is still a cause of division and disaster. I take it that ex-Senator Fulton is the leader of what has survived of the old Mitchell element, and that he is to be a candidate for United States Senator to succeed Sena tor Bourne, unless it should be obvi ously useless for him to run. His ac tivity concerning matters about the Legislature indicates that he is try ing to get things shaped to favor his candidacy. Everything aoout the Leg islature indicates that the aspirants for the United States Senatorship are striving to pave the way for their re spective elections. Bourne has his workers there to defeat any effort to do anything that might be detrimental to his Interests. Bourne Is a man that has to be reck oned with. He Is an excellent demagogue, and that is a quality now ln demand in Oregon. There was never another time when the demagogue had such an opportunity for success In Ore gon as now. Now. what will probably be the result of this condition of an archy? Ex-Judge Lowell, of Pendle ton, State Senator Malarkey, of Port land, and Senator Bourne, of Portland, have already declared their Intentions to be candidates for United States Sen ator two years hence to succeed Sena tor Bourne, and It Is evident that Ful ton or some other representative of the old Mitchell Interests will enter the field, and, hence, we may expect that there will be about three candidates besides Bourne for the Republican nomination, and this Is Jusf what Mr. Bourne wants. If he can have three or four candidates on the Republica sloe running for the nomination, h will have a good chance to obtain ti nomination. If Statement No. 1 i's to be signed b most of the Republican candidates for the legislature, and there Is to be assembly to nominate a candidate, it seems to me probable. Judging from present conditions, that the Unte States Senator Is likely to be Mr. Bourne, or a Democrat. If there should bt) only one candidate agains uonrne lor tho nomination, or if State ment No. 1 should be set aside, then Bourne would have little chance of election. But If the race should be between Bourne and Fulton, with other candidate for the nomination. would be doubtful which would be nominated, because. It seems to me, I-ulton Is not at all a strong candidal before the people. Cake was, not strbng man, and yet he defeated Ful ton. But supposing that Bourne should be the nominee of the Republicans fo United States Senator, what would be the result? JEFFERSONIAN. WHAT'S DOI.GInE(!0" COUXTRY Iliislnesa Opportunities. Grass "Valley Journal. If the fire limit Is done awav with It Is intimated that we wll lhave a cloth lng store and also a grocery store. Ptomaines for Tabby. Redmond Spokesman. A number of pet cats ln the city have recently died from eating rotten fisli that had been thrown away. Job Lot of Measles. TCewberg Enterprise. Seven children of Frank S. Morris, of Morris Bros. Realty Co., and three chil- I dren of Paul Meyers, a son-in-law of Mr. Morris, and a recent arrival from Montana, are rapidly recovering from an attack of measles. The children were all sick at once and heused to gether. but by careful nursing and at tention no serious results nave oc curred. JVo Fresh Accounts Opened. Heppner Times. Police Judge Joe Williams has got tired or Imposing lines and then allow lng the culprits their own time before pvngling up. This week he sent Mar shal McQraw after two of the delln quente. and they warmed their feet by the City Jail stove at $2 per until their fines were earned. Judge- Williams is to be commended ln bis determination to see that all mlssdoers come through. and when the city gets that new stone hammer and leg ornament the Times can see the finish of evil doers. No Extensive Silver Mines Id Oregon. WARRENTON, Or.. Jan. 17. (To the Editor.) Kindly Inform a number of students of the Warrenton School If sliver is mined to any great extent ln Oregon, and If so, where? The "pipe Barton Braley, in tha Popular Marazlna. Clirarettea and cigars ln the city. But nut ln the open a pipe! No meerschaunA a meerschaum Is pretty. But not of the durable type; It won't stand the work and the racket. Tt'a bound to be chipped here and there. JTne chances are great that you'll crack It, And then it s gone "pnui ' lor lair. i I But take an old brier that's seasoned, ' With halt of tha stem bitten through. It'll stand ail the knocks that you please, and It seems to get chummy with you; Tou can take it wherever yon wander And throw It around as you chose. It's a friend that grows fonder and fonder. A friend you can count on and use. It is caked by continuous smoking. It 1 dingy and blackened and strong. It Is built not for looks, but for smoking, If you're wise you will take it along. Touil forget all cigars with their stamping Or trade-marks and things of that stripe. For when you quit town and go camping. Trie smoke that you want is a pipe. of the Rose City. Under direction of SAFEGUARDS FOR THE REFERENDUM Kooaevelt, In Editorial. Declarer People's .Power, If Too Knslly Applied. Cau Only Be .MlnrbleroDH -Initiative Indorsed If Protected From Wanton I'ne. ProereMKlve Legislation la 3Ieans, Not Guaranty, of Securing; Good Government. Theodore Roosevelt, in the Outlook. A NUMBER of progressive conven tions have recently enunciated the following, among 'other prin ciples, as necessary to popular govern ment: Drastic laws to prevent the corrupt use of monev in politics. Klectlon of United States Senators by direct vote. Direct primaries for the nomination of elective officials. Direct election of delegates to National conventions, the voter to express his choice for President on the ballot for delegate. The introduction of the Initiative, refe rendum, and recall. In Oregon most of these principles are already law. The recent Republi can state platform of Wisconsin has declared for all of these principles; and this declaration is entitled to very se rious consideration, for Wisconsin has taken a leading position in Progres sive legislation, and has to her credit a noteworthy record of laws for socirfl, political and Industrial betterment, which laws have been proved in actual practice and have worked well. . The proposition that will excite most misgiving and antagonism is that re lating to the initiative, referendum and recall. As regards the recall, it is sometimes very useful, but it contains undoubted possibilities of mischief, and of course it is least necessary in the case of short-term elective officers. There Is, however, unquestionably a very real argument to be made for It as regards officers elected or appointed for life. In the United States Gov ernment practically the only body to whom this applies is the judiciary, and I shall accordingly treat the matter when I come to treat of Nationalism and the Judiciary. There remain the Initiative and ref erendum. As regards both of these, I think that the anticipations of their adherents and the fears of their op ponents are equally exaggerated. The value of each depends mainly upon the way it is applied and upon the extent and complexity of the governmental unit to which it is applied. Every one Is agreed that there must be a popular referendum on such a fundamental matter as a Constitutional change, and in New York State we already have what is really a referendum on various other propositions by which the state or one of its local subdivisions passes upon the propriety of action which im plies the spending of money, permis sion to establish a trolley line system or something of the kind. Moreover, where popular Interest is sufficiently keen, as It has been in the case of cer tain amendments to the National Con stitutionat various times in the past. we see what Is practically the Initia tive under another name. I believe that It would be a good thing to have the principle of the Initiative and the ref erendum applied in most of our states always provided that It be no safe. atuarded as to prevent fta beinr used either wantonly or In a spirit of levity. In other words, if the Legislature fails to act one way or the other on some bill as to which there Is a genuine pop ular demand, then there should un questionably be power ln the people through the Initiative to compel such action. Similarly, on any bill important enough to arouse genuine public inter est there shoula be power for the people to insist upon the bill being re ferred to popular-vote, so that the con stituents may authoritatively determine whether or not their representatives have misrepresented them. Bat if It Is rrsderrd too easy to Invoke either process, the result ran be only mis chievous. The same considerations wsieh are more and more tending to make thoughtful people believe that genuine popular control Is best exer cised through the Short Ballot have weight here also. There are plenty of cases in which, on a given Issue of suf ficient Importance it is better that the people should decide for themselves rather than trust the decision to a body of representatives and our present day acceptance of this fact is shown by our Insistence upon a direct vote of the state when the state adopts a new constitution. Bat ordinary rirtsrns In prlvnte life -such an the preaent writer, and moat of his readers neither can nor ought to spend their time In following all the minutiae of legisla tion. This work they ought to dele-, gate to the legislators, who are to make it their special business; and If scores of hills are habitually preaented for popular approval or disapproval at every election, It la not probable that good will eome, and it is certain that the percentage of wise decisions by the people will be less than If only a few are presented. It is necessary to arunrd not only against the cranks and well meaning husybodles with fnda, but alao acalnat the extreme laxity with which men are accustomed to -sign petition. Oregon has already tried the princi ple of the initiative and the referendupi, and It seems to have produced good re sults certainly in the case of the refer endum, and probably in the case of the nitlative. This, of course, does not necessarily mean thnt the ' principle would work well In all other communi ties, and under our system It is difficult to see at present how it could normally have more than a state-wide applica tion. In Switzerland It has been applied both In the cantons, or states, and irt the federal or national government, and It seems on the whole to have worked fairly well. Those who anticipate too much from the new system, however. would do well to study its workings in IMPULSIVEXESS IIARRIMAS THAl'T. Late Railroad Wizard Often Relied on Sudden Intuition. "Tip," in New York Press. Eddie Harriman is some time dead on his long career of being dead forever; after the king of them all, the great Morgan, no living man is more talked about still among bankers and brokers than the dead Harriman. With all his cold-blooded power of analysis and his deliberate perception. In action he was Impulsive to a degTee. One day out at Arden he gave Instructions that a chauffeur should speak, with him from the distant garage on the telephone. Two or three minutes later he asked why the chauffeur had not talked with him. An Inquiry over the wire to the garage showed that the chauffeur had Jumped into nis car at tne .iirst message and started hot pace for the house. "Well," said Harriman, "when that fellow arrives here he will be out of a Job." One of his secretaries ven tured the suggestion that If this hap- pended there would be a car there with no one to arive it. rvow mere is omethlng ln that," assented Harriman. Telephone to the car people to send me out another chauffeur right away; then let the other fellow go." Without a moment s notice HarrimaA would give an assistant Instructions to get upon a train and go thousands f miles, with perhaps only a few minutes to board it. To one of his big lieutenants he said one forenoon: Catch the 2 o'clock for" Los Angeles" r wherever It was. And, oh, he added; as the other was hastening out. take So and So along." "But I don t think," was tne reply, "he wants to go." Harrlman's answer was unequivocal: Take him, anyhow. 1 Harriman had an almost supernatural Instinct for knowing what was going Switzerland. There have now and then been odd results. Recently by the use of the Initiative a certain bill was pro posed to the Federal Legislature. Titers was such a strong demand for its pas sage, as shown by the vote on the initi ative, and by the general popular agi tation, that the Legislature passed it with but one dissenting vote. At the ensuing election the representative who had cast the dissenting vote was, be cause of having done so, beaten; but on the referendum the people defeated the measure itself! They demanded it on the initiative, all their representa tives ln the Legislature with one excep tion voted for it on its passage, they beat the one man who had voted against it, and then on the referendum they defeated the bill itself. Unquestionably an Ideal representa tive body Is the best Imaginable legis lative body. Such a body, if composed of men of unusual courage, intelligence, sympathy and high-mindedness, anxious to represent the people, and at the same time conscientious in their determina tion to do nothing that is wrong, would so act that there would never como the slightest demand for any change in the methods of enacting laws. Unfor tunately, however, in actual practice, too many of our 'legislative bodies have not really been representative; and not a few of the ablest and most prominent men in public life have prided them selves on their ability to use parlia mentary forms to defeat measures for which there was a great popular de mand. Special Interests which would be powerless in a general election may be all-powerful in a Legislature if they enlist the services of a few skillful tac ticians; and the result is the same whether these tacticians are unscrupu lous and are hired by the special inter ests, or 'whether they are sincere men who honestly believe that the people desire what is wrong and should not be allowed to have it. Ours Is a government of laws, but everyone should keep always before him the fact that no law is worth any thing unless there is the right kind of man behind it. In tropical America there are many republics whose consti tutions and laws are practically iden tical with ours, yet some of these re publics have, throughout their govern mental career, alternated between des potism and anarchy, and have failed In striking fashion at every point where in equally striking fashion we have succeeded. The difference was not In the laws or the institutions, for they were the same. The difference was ln the men who made up the community, ln the men who administered the laws, and ln the men who put in power the administrators. If we choose Senators by popular vote Instead of through the Legisla tures, we shall not thereby have secured good representatives; we shall merely have given the people a better chance to get good representatives. If they choose bad men, unworthy men, whether their unworthiness take the form of corrup tion or demagogy, of truckling to spe cial Interests or of truckling to the mob, we shall have worked no Improve- , ment. There have been In the past plenty of unworthy Governors and Con gressmen elected, just as there have been plenty of bad Senators . elected. Similarly, If the direct primary merely means additional expense without com pensating advantage in wise and j'st action, the gain will be nil. At pres ent there are cities where the direct primary obtains, in which, as far as I can see, the boss system is about as firmly rooted as in those cities where the direct-primary has not been intro duced. So with the initiative and the referendum. Vermont has neither: Or egon has both. In whichever state there is the less corruption and greater jus tice, ln whichever state the elected rep resentatives of the people are more up right, clean and able, in whichever state the people are themselves wiser in ac tion, more prompt to recognize and re ward good service and fearlessness and independence in Judge, Governor, Sena tor or Congressman, why, in that state we shall find the best government, wholly without regard to the particular device by which the government is ob tained. If both states show equally well in these matters, why, it means that each has devised the Instrument best suited for Its own needs. It is folly not to adopt the new Instrument if ex perience shows it to be an instrument which usually produces better results; and If we are convinced that it is a better instrument, then we should en deavor by reason ami argument to get our neighbors to adopt it; but it is also . folly to refuse to work with good who are striving' for the same pro men Drocrres- sive ends as we are. merely because these good men prefer older Instru ments than those which we believe to be best fitted for the purpose. I believe in adopting every device for popular government which is in theory good and when the practice bears out the theory. It is, of course, true that each Is only a device, and that its worth must be shown in actual prac tice; and it is also true that where, as with us. tho people are masters, the most vital need Is that they shall show self-mastery as well as tiie power to masttyt their servants. But. It is often Impossible to establish genuine popular rule and get rid of privilege, without the use of new devices to meet new needs. I think that this is the sitna- . tion which now confronts us in the United States, and that the adoption In principle of the programme on which the Progressives, especially in the West, are tending to unite offers us the best chance to achieve the desired result. on and who was doing1 it In the mys teries of stock manipulation. Once, when Southern Pacific had been going up fast, Harriman and various banking houses buying ln concert, he called up on the telephone one of his private brokers. "Somebody Is selling," he said. "Yes, sir," was the answer. "Well, hand the market 23,000 for me." Immediately he called up the head of a banking firm much Interested In the market. "Who's selling Southern Pa cific?" he asked. "I don't Know; we haven't been able to find out." was the answer. "I ll tell you," snapped Harri man: "It's your house." and he cut off the connection before any reply to him could be made. Vegetarian Boots and Shoes. Jewfeh Chronicle. An enterprising manufacturer has discovered a process whereby a pass able imitation of leather may be rinu. factured from a vegetable product. Th novelty owes its introduction to Lon don vegetarians, who shuddered at the thought of the number of animals thai were killed annually to keep, humanity In boots. The imitation leather is be ing used for the manufacture of boots, shoes, Bible covers and a hundred other articles usually found in the art leather department. I His Mistake. Baltimore Sun. "Just' one, darling!" he pleaded, as fools do. "One moment," she said, restraining him. "Tell me first, have - you ever kissed another girl?" "Never!" he swore. "Then," she said, "you may get your hat, for you're either a liar or a dead one, and I'm neither a reformatory nor a miracle worker " 7