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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 22, 1910)
lO THE MORNING . OREGONIAN, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1910. PORTLAND. OREGON. Entered, at Portland. Oregon. Postofflcs as Second-Class Mattar. Subscription Kates Invariably In Advance. (BY MAIL.) Iftl!y. Sunday Included, one year $8.00 Ia!Iy. Sunday Included, six months.... 4.25 Ilaily, Hunday Included, three months.. 2.25 Iaily. Sunday Included, one month..... .75 Iaiiy. without Sunday, one year 6.00 Jjally. without Sunday, nix months 8.25 Dally, without Sunday, three months... 1.75 Ially, without Sunday, one month..... .80 Weekly, one year 1.50 Funday. one year 2.50 Gunday and weekly, one year. 8.50 (By Carrier.) ral!y. Sunday Included, one year 0.00 Dally. Sunday Included, one month 75 How to Remit Send Postofflcs money erder. express order or personal check on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at the Bender's risk. Give poetoffice ad dress In full. Including county and state. Postage Rates lO to 14 pases. 1 cent; 16 to 28 pages. 2 cents; 30 to 4 pages. 3 cents; 40 to 60 pases. 4 cents. Foreign postaca double rate. Kastern Business Office. The 8. C. BecK wlth Special Agency New York, rooms 48 60 Tribune building. Chicago, rooms 510-511 Tribune building. JDKTL.IM), TUESDAY, FEB. 22, 1910. . A UKGR GENERALIZATION. Professor Simon X. Patten, of the University of Pennsylvania, is a dar ing theorist and brilliant writer. A few years ago he published an elab orate work entitled "The Develop ment of English Thought." New In terpretations of history were) applied to the support of many of the ideas presented In the book-; and if some of the deductlons,'were not wholly con clusive, they were at least sugges tive of new and high thinking on many lines. ,? An article by Professor Patten in the latest issue of the Independent (New York), deals with the present high cost of living. The basis of the article is the principle of original generalization noticeable In all he has .hitherto written. The real explana tion of the regime of high prices, he eays, is not so simple as many or most have supposed. He makes this classification of the leading causes at work in the presents situation, viz.: First, lack of sufficient capital; sec ond, bad distribution of population; third, isolation of producer and con sumer; fourth, new status of woman. And he proceeds to analyze briefly each of these in its turn. His article is so compact, so close ly written, that no condensation of it Is possible. Professor Patten does ' not give special note to the fact that toehinA all lies a condition hitherto unknown In the modern world, name ly, the vast resources and but par tially employed opportunities offered in a new world new, that is to say, in comparison with conditions of old cpuntries and old civilizations. This rct, however, may be regarded as understood or implied. There is not enough capital yet, be cause the opportunities still are so vast as to puzzle the choice; there is tad distribution of capital, because there are so many yet undeveloped opportunities the separation of the producer and the consumer is a conse quence of the dispersion of a compar atively small population over a vast country a condition which time and industry alone can alter; and the new status of woman Is an outgrowth of temporary conditions resulting from the whole situation, which will change after a while, but not till men cease to make money as fast as they have been doing out of the development of the resources and opportunities of a,, .continent. 'Change of the status of woman Is ei . logical consequence of the whole movement of Industry, speculation ufd development in America. There Is a new and higher standard of liv ing among all who can possibly af ford It. and among many who can not. "The group below," says Pro fessor Patten, "finds it more than it , can do to keep pace with the new standard set by those above." And . , "this constant pressure to keep up ap pearances, along with the decay of moral Instruction emphasizing the benefits of frugality and saving, has taken from the industry of the peo ple who formerly were the great source of its capital." The move ment or Change tends to elimination of the middle .class, and to emphasize the difference between rich and poor. '"For generations" (we quote again) "the family of moderate Income has been the source from which Increase of capital has come." But capital now comes from profits, not from savings. The significance of the change i profound. As to the new status of woman, we quote an entire passage, viz.: ; ' Forty years ap;o a man could .Uve, com fortably on $1000 a year. I'nder the marlo of the wife's hand this $1000 became Sir.00 or S2t'CO. - The wife created more value by In dustry in the home thtn her; husband did out of it. In lier hands cloth became clothes, flour bread and fresh fruit the "Winter's preserves. Now all things are done outside the home and must be purchased with the SlOtm Income. The wife no longer contributes to the family Income by creating values. And with the Increased standard of elaborate -dressing, she Is often its chief burden. But it is as useless as unjust to throw the blame on woman. Her part or place la the natural one, in such change or evolution; for women, the same as men, are carried along . by the strearrt or tervdency of the times. Harder conditions, of life are the only remedies, and woman, who always has borne more than her share of the hard conditions, will take them again, when -they shall come. But Xhis will' not be till the era of easy exploitation of the re sources and opportunities of a new coiujtry of vast extent shall have passed. That may yet be far distant. Nevertheless, generations in our coun try in that day will find life no less difficult than life now is for the gen eral masses in countries of the Old World. The citizens of Astoria have sub scribed for stock in a 200-barrel flour mill to be erected in that city. This Is an enterprise that will not only be advantageous to the City of Astoria, but it will also be of value to a large area of adjoining country. Along the Innumerable little streams and rivers that run into the bay aid river in the vicinity of Astoria Is an ideal dairy country, and there is an ever increasng demand for the "by-products" of flour manufacture which must now be shipped from Portland and points beyond. Clatsop County lands are all too valuable for other purposes to.admlt of wheatgrowing, but with a reasonable freight rate from the wheat belt and a good home demand for both the flour and the by products, there is no reason why the enterprise should not prove highly successful. Development of its own resources by employment of Its own capital can do much for Astoria. The flour mill should be followed by other similar industries. THE SOURCE OF 1AW. "Will The Oregonian." asks a newspaper of Southern Oregon, "ex plain how it is, or how it was, that the Supreme Court of Oregon has held the appropriations for the locks at Willamette Falls and for the port age railway at The Dalles constitu tional,, yet denies the constitutional ity of the appropriation for the Cra ter Lake road?" It is not The Oregonian's "business to explain for the Supreme Court. So, when It is asked by the paper at Medford why there should, be five Judges sitting in that tribunal, when the constitution limits the 'number to three, it Is not incumbent on The Ore gonian to answer.- The Oregonian has questioned the constitutionality of all these acts. More, It has shown and proven all of them to be without constitutional warrant. 'But the tribunal of last appeal can make the law what it wishes the law to be. Right along, for many years, there has been legislation that has dis tinctly violated the constitution. But the Supreme Court has upheld It," even as to the salaries of its own members. And yet It seems the court does some times stop short of all demands. However, when it does there .Jp com plaint, as now at Medford. that it doesn't reject the constitution en tirely. " The Supreme Court, being supreme, decides as it wishes. It lays down the law, and there is no real need either of legislature or- of constitution.-ex-cept as sources of supply of material for the Supreme Court to work upon. The Supreme Court is the real and ultimate lawmaking power. And it denies the people even the -referen-dum. Perhaps we need no other. Tet there are cases like that of Banker Ross, which It wishes to shirk, and so passes on to the Supreme Court of the United States. ILLINOIS PRIMARY LAW. Very unlike any other primary law yet enacted is the law recently passed by the Legislature of Illinois. It is the fourth effort to enact a law de-, signed to overcome the objections .heretofore pronounced against such legislation by the Supreme Court of the state. One part of the . act ap plies to the nomination of all state, county, city and village officers, as well as members of Congress. An other part covers, nominations of members of the Legislature. All po litical parties that polled a vote of more than 2 per cent of the total vote cast in the state at the last pre ceding general election are compelled to hold primary elections on the same day, under authority and con trol of the regularly appointed elec tion officials. Independent candi dates may be nominated by petition, for which a limited number of petl- tioners will suffice. No person may vote at a. primary unless he shall declare his party af filiations as he receives his ballot from the judges; or who shall sign the petition of a, candidate of an op posite party; or who shall have signed the nominating papers of an inde pendent candidate; or who shall have voted In a primary of another party within two years last preceding the primary. Petitions are required for nomina tion of members of the Legislature. Each of these petitions must be signed by one-half of one per cent of the total vote cast by the party for Governor in the last preceding guber natorial election. The candidates then are to fight it out in the pri mary. The act doesn't apply to nom ination of Presidential electors, or United States Senators, nor forbid suggestion of candidates by groups or assemblies of citizens. Propositions of this kind seem not to have been offered at all; doubtless because nothing so absurd occurred to any body. A MENACE TO HOMJCSSTEAXHiRS. .Difficulties enough are already en countered by men and women who would make , homesteads on public land In this Western country; now comes Senator Bourne with a bill im posing even more onerouis conditions. The bill would, require cultivation of land, instead of residence thereon, the prerequisite to obtalnment of title, and an amount of cultivation that in few cases would be possible $1500 worth of produce In the first five years. This bill would affect semi- arid or "dry-farm" areas, of which the Senator says.Easterrj Oregon con tains 20,000,000 acres. Several pro tests from Eastern Oregon newspapers are printed on this page. This would be a most impracticable and unjust law in Oregon. It would give the poor man no even chance against the rich man or the monop ollst. No man of small means could meet the requirements of such a. law. Amid conservation clamor the needs and troubles of Far Western States, as to settlement of the public domain. are poorly understood In the National capital. The clamor is full of theories and fads that cannot be applied here without blighting the growth of this struggling country. Yet when the accredited agents of Western States do not know what their states need, perhaps, after all, the states have lit tle valid complaint. The bill requires the entryman to cultivate during the second year of his claim of 320 acres or less, at least one-eighth of his land; during the third year, one-fourth; and during the fourth and fifth years one-half. At the end of five years. therefore, he must have tilled at least seven-eighths, and the value of his products must have attained $1500. He need not live on the land; he can dwell elsewhere and carry on cultiva tion through an agent. A circular letter explaining this bill has been sent to many citizens of Eastern Oregon, who have answered It with widespread protests. The let ter says Eastern Oregon has 20,000,- 000 acres of unoccupied semi-arid land a manifest exaggeration. The president of the Harney Board of Trade. Jasper Davis, criticises the bill as follows: ' I fear that if this bill becomes a law. tm migrants will have no place to locate. Many otf my neighbors oppose It and we have sent our objections to Senator Bourne. The bill makes work on the homestead the test, Instead of residence, and this gives the cap ltallst the advantage over the poor man. Now if our Senators and Representatives wish to change our land laws which think they should do, instead of holdln JiO.OOU square miles of land In Oregon In reserves they should frame the laws so that any actual resident In Oregon or in any other state where there Is public timber can buy timber in tracts of lO or 40 acres at f 1.2S or -.D0 an acre. Including the land. If such a law were passed the outlying racts of the timber land would be bought up by actual settlers. This would be a great nrotection aealnst forest fires, as the own ers of the timber would look out for their own. The monopolies never cease work day or night until they accomplish their end and that is always detrimental to the poor man. - Mr. Davis and his neighbors see plainly the menace of Senator Bourne's bill and also the menace of the Pinchot timber reserve scheme to homestead settlement. Homestead life on wild land In any new country entails hardship, poverty-, strenuous endeavor and, alas! too often, disap pointment. The pioneers in this work of subduing the country deserve the easiest conditions the laws can make. This has always been the policy of the Nation, nor Is it a mistaken pol icy. It Is the policy of Canada, which is drawing to its lands American cit izens by the tens of thousands. Yet a great many misguided people in the United States think the hardships mposed on settlers by nature not sufficient and want further hard ships Imposed by law. Such appears the Idea In the Bourne bill. Many settlers In this Western coun try have not been able to wrest $1500 worth of products from the soil in five or ten years, or even longer. A statesman who has seen the hardships of frontier settlement would not even think of such an absurd and unjust test. A rich man, however, might af ford to work under such a law. He could be a non-resident landlord Bui surely Oregon has enough non-resi dent landlords. Ask each; of the counties In which are contained the vast land grants' to wagon road and railroad companies. Every county In Eastern Oregon knows these things. Naturally they oppose the Bourne bill. 1 v , COLOHXNG EGGS. To doubt the veracity of the report from Cornell College that a hen has laid colored eggs under a diet of dye stuff would be unscientific and treas onable to the higher education. The first feeling that pops Into one's head on reading the account is wonder at the vast wealth the Cornell students must possess to venture at this time to experiment with eggs. Were they not almost - criminally reckless of money they would have chosen dia monds. But, economics aside, the success of their pioneer efforts in the cause; of science opens a wide field fr spec ulation and will doubtless give birth to many new industries. Since an egg differs from a chicken only by three weeks' time we may reasonably expect to see fowls of gorgeous hue produced by this new process. There appears to be no reason in the world why a Judicious diet of paris green fed to a Plymouth Rock should not result in a brood bedecked with emer ald plumage. If we wish violet feath ers we will naturally mingle aniline with 'biddy's repast. By a proper se lection of dyestuffs it seems likely that chickens can be bred bespangled with all the tints of the rainbow if chickens, why not turkeys? Thus it will presently become the custom at Thanksgiving dinner to ask a guest, not the prosy old question whether he wants white or dark meat, but whether- he wants green, purple or orange meat. Truly Cornell deserves the grati tude of civilized man for this mar velous contribution to science and there is no knowing what it may lead to. If turkeys can be bred with carmine gizzards, why not men with clear consciences? OBOTtGE WASHINGTON. The tendency to make a mythical demigod of George Washington has In some measure obscured the memory of .his services to the country. Blind hero worship compliments neither the person who pays nor the one who receives It. It is possible to exhaust the English language in heaping unintelligent- praise on such men as Washington and Lincoln with out uttering a word which a sensible person would care to hear. Flattery of the dead is as bare as flattery of the living, and even more stupid. When adjectives are piled too high their meaning collapses and tb;e eulo gist who tries to say too much may end by saying nothing. Washington was not the greatest man who ever lived and neither was Lincoln. , Washington's superiority lay not so much in ability of any sort as In character. The man was grettter than anything he ever did, though he um luucn, nis cunLciupurarits reuus- nlzed a majestic Integrity In him and bowed to it. Their reverence was the tribute of the intejllgence to the soul. Washington was no such diplo mat as Benjamin Franklin. His austere and inflexible virtue never could have won its way In the Parisian salons as the accommodating graces of the shrewd printer did. The French women might have admired Wash ington. They loved Franklin. Frank lin's science was deftly managed to give his fair worshipers the illusion of learning. AVhlle "he was talking to them they all felt wise. When he made a jest they all felt witty. Wash lngton would have failed had he at tempted this delicate art as badly as Franklin would at the head of the Continental troops. Th,e Jatter de liberately played to the French taste of his day for rural simplicity and Roman virtue. He capitalized his lowly origin and homely youth and traded upon it for favors to his coun try. ashington was ten times as simple as Franklin, but he nevex could have made the French women believe It. - There Is no evidence that Washing ton was to any notable degree a man of ideas. He was more republican In his way of thinking than many of those around him. He sympathized with the concept of a nation to be governed . by the people without hereditary rulers, but he did not con tribute much to the actual work of constructing the Federal constitution Without him the constitution - might never have been made and adopted. but he furthered it more by his per sonallty than by positive suggestions. He was a center to which all that was hopeful, sensible and unselfish in his countrymen felt naturally- at tracted.- People were convinced that his justness and large benevolence had been moulded into the constitu tion. They knew from his approval of it that it was moderate and trust ful of human nature. Therefore they voted for It. Speeches and letters did much to win support for the new Government, but very likely the character of Washington did more. He was not a dashing commander nor a brilliant orator. He made no series of military movements which could compare, with Greene's cam paign In the South. Of course pru .dence forbade him to risk his poorly equipped troops In an engagement when he could avoid It,, for his army was the vital principle of the confed eration. ,Jts destruction meant final ruin for the cause and every motive of sound policy urged him to shun battle unless "he was sure of victory. But it must be confessed - that this policy was in entire harmony with his temperament. He was not a man to enjoy risks. He was reluctant to stake much on any single Issue. There was notlring of the gambler, or the Napoleonic, in him. The country knew this and therefore .felt safe. In his hands even when he had been defeated. Close analysis reveals this common trait In the character of Washington and Lincoln, that they, were both gifted with the capacity to hold them selves in" reserve and strike no' blow until the time was ripe. Lincoln withheld the emancipation proclama tion "until the precise Instant, when the public opinion of the North and of Europe was ready for It. When it was published the Confederacy be came Impossible. Washington hus banded his army month after month, waiting. In the same way, for the psychological moment. It -arrived when Cornwallis shut himself up in Yorktcrwn and then the Commander- in-Chief struck the blow which ended the war and created a Nation. The West End Woman's Club, of Chicago, has officially announced that it will no longer be proper to men tion the "working girl" as such. In stead she is to be . known as the young lady employed." This seems to be somewhat of a distinction with out a difference. It is explained by the chairman of the club that the term "working girls" "hurts their feelings and separates them from women In more fortunate circum stances." This may toe true, In semi snobbish Chicago, but here in the great and glorious Wrest the "work ing girl" who behaves herself and at tends to business will not be "separ ated" from any one whose company would be of any advantage to her. The "dignity of labor" is something more than a figure of speech, and It ap plies to "working girls" as well as working men. The remarkable growth of the au tomobile Industry, and the keen inter est displayed In racing meets for the machines do not seem to be at the ex pense of the horse Industry. The Great Western Circuit, which takes in many of the cities prominent on the old Grand Circuit, this season offers purses aggregating $522,000, the larg est amount ever hung up for harness racing In that region. As nearly all of these race meetings will be held in cities where wealth and good roads, both natural allies of the automobile. predominate, there Is ample evidence that the popularity of the, harness horse Is not suffering from Its inani mate competitor. v It is righj: to give the great railroad system that desires to construct the bridge at Oregon street every reason able easement and opportunity; since the bridge will be advantageous to the -city as well as to the railway sys tem. But It Is right, and t ought to be insisted on also .as necessary, that since the railroad system de mands this concession at Oregon street, the easement for overhead transit for the Broadway bridge across the terminal grounds on the West Side should be granted by those who control the terminal property. Accommodation and reciprocity should give the rule of Action in cases of this kind. The death of Charles William Frederick Boson de Talleyrand-Peri-gord, fourth Duke of Talleyrand and father of the unspeakable Prince de Sagan, leaves the latter in full posses sion of all of the old man's titles, and he now becomes what is known in royal circles as a "serene highness." Anna Gould, who married the dirty rake after she was "divorced from Count Bonl Castellane, undoubtedly regards this latest handle to the name as a dividend on the enormous invest ment she has made in French k no accotints. Many letters come to The Orego nian asking to know the value of coins on which the motto "In God We Trust" does not appear. , Accord ing "to the best information obtain able', .,the motto was first placed on coins in 1864 and 1?65 by permissive legislation. Authority was also given in the' coinage act of 1873. which was not mandatory. By order of Presi dent Roosevelt the motto was omitted jfrom the gold coins designed by St. Oaudens and Issued in 1907. jy iaw of May 18, 1908,- the motto was re stored. Two St. Louis girls are suffering from leprosy, caused by wearing "rats" made of Asiatic hair. As a re sult, the health authorities have be gun an Investigation Into the sale of goods of this 'character. The will ingness with which members of the fair sex pile on any kind of hair would almost indicate that they prefer to take a chance on leprosy and other diseases which come into the country with this baled beauty rather than be out of style and a peculiar style it Is, too. Mr. A. T. Buxton, master of the State Grange, opposes Republican assembly. He Is now "mentioned" as a candidate for Railroad Commis sioner, which makes It rather awk ward for friends of Jr. Buxton who favor assembly. The "leaders" say. Halley's comet is approaching. But the-people will not accept the dictum of sky bosses until they see '.with their own optics. A Southern man has Invented a black rose. This is quite nice, Indeed, but what the South needs is an in vention to take out the- kinks. It is exasperating to persons who said harsh things about Dr. Cook to find out he is in South America, where he didn't hear them. Tests show that three-fourths of Nebraska's seed corn is Infertile, and it is In Nebraska that they have just begun giving corn shows. The churches of Salem are planning a monster revival. Any effort of this sort should include the celebrated local rainmaker. George Washington Is Father of his Country. However, a man can't be held responsible for the freaks of his posterity. ! EASTER OREGON PROTESTS. See in Senator Bosnie'a BUI iMenace to Poor Settler. Echo's Echoes (Umatilla County). Senator Bourne is striving to get the homestead laws changed. He Is advocating: the repealing of the law requiring actual residence on the land, substituting the tilling of the soil for ownership. The rich would easily acquire all the lands now on the market, the settlers who need and who will make homes upon this land, being compelled to remain still as laborers only. There is no doubt that the present conditions Imposed upon settlers are hard and that new laws looking to the better planning for these homesteads should be made.- But Buch a complete upheaval as this intended revisal of Senator Bourne's Is far from the mark. Too often the poor men. with an Inex perienced working wife; himself with no idea of labor except such as is learned in cities on a salary, go out on a homestead, not knowing whether it is adjusted to the class of farming they Intend to try to do nor with money enough to pursue any class of fanning. The result is fail ure, and a disgust of epuntry life; a re tirement to the city office again and a settling to again living on a salary. And this experience sours friends of these dis couraged new farmers and they In turn shun the country. The taking over of these lands by the masses of the people should remain theirs as long as one unsettled quarter section of land Is vacant in the country. : "The Landlord's Legscy." Silver Lake Leader (Lake County). Senator Bourne has introduced a bill in Congress, which, if enacted into law. would allow homesteaders to loaf around towns and cities and not be compelled to reside upon the land at all and make proof. We shall notice this bill -more In detail in the future, but will say now that we are utterly opposed to the meas ure in every particular. If the land in Lake County.- or. for that matter, any where else In the State of Oregon that the homesteader files upon is not good enough for him to live upon, or the socie ty of our citizens refined enough to min gle with, then let all such' stay away. Lake County citizens want to see our nubile lands taken up and her valueys and plains dotted with homes ana actual bona-flde residents occupying them. We do not want the kid-glove aristocracy of the city, living in cities, and resid ing in cities, and who never sees the land to homestead them. Our present homestead law Is the poor man's heri tage. Under Senator Bourne's bill it would be the landlords' legacy, rsetier. iar uei inr to leave our public lands lie vacant another decade than to have this bill a law. Good Thins for It Ich, Men. Laldlaw Chronicle. At the meeting of the Laidlaw De velopment League Friday nlgnt tne principal topic discussed was aenaior Bourne's proposed new homestead bill. The bill and a letter from the Senator were read, and then the fireworks be gan. W. P. Myers made a motion that the hill be considered adversely by tn league and Senator Bourne notified of the action taken. After the matter was before the meeting President Gerking called for remarks on the matter, and Mr. Myers In a lengthy argument stated his reasons for opposing the measure, principal of which was that he claimed the bill was gotten up in the interest of the rich men, and -that the poor man who wanted to home stead land as at present, would be com pletely eliminated. He was followed oy G. W. Horner, who was in favor of the bill, and several others who were for and against the bill. Mr. Myers mo tlon was carried by a small majority. Baptirta find Jews. Providence Journal. An Interesting illustration of the break ing down of religious prejudices is afford ed by the courteous offer of the trustees of Temple Emanu-El of New York to the officers of the Fifth-Avenue Baptist Church. Dr. Aked's congregation is to be homeless for a year, while a new edi fice is in process of construction, ana the trustees of the Jewish temple accord intrlv DroDOSed "that the services of the church during that period should be held under their roof. It may not prove prac ticable for this to be done, but Dr. Aked writes to Chairman Marshall, of the trus tees. "Your willingness to welcome us to your building is one of the most splendid exhibitions of hospitality, neighborliness and large catholicity with which my ex perience in two countries .has made me familiar." The incident will have a whole some sentimental influence wherever It is noted. . Valuable Mmifnlof-. PORTLAND, Febr- 21. (To the Ed itor.) Reading The Oregonian article regarding "Valueless Mementoes" In The Oregonian of February 16. I wish to say I have a copy of the New York Herald of April 15, 1S65, that I know is genuine; also a copy of the Dally Citi zen, published at Vicksburg. Miss., July 2. 1863, it being the. last Issue of the wail-paper edition. MRS. J. W. TAGGART. Of course this lucky owner of valu able mementoes knows they are genu ine, there Is nothing more to be said. But that does not help out the many thousand owners of "originals" which are not original. Yet probably these thousands will not complain. Their newspaper mementoes look just like the originals, only a little better, perhaps. What Happened to Jamri. i Lippincott's. A very subdued-looking boy of about 13 years, with a long scratch on his nose and an air of general dejection, came to his teacher In one of the Boston pub lic schools and handed her a note before taking his seat. The note was .as fol lows: ' . "M1ss B : Please excuse James not being thare yesterday. He played troo ant, but I guess you don't need to lick hlmrTor It, as the boy he played trooant with an' him fell out, an' the boy licked him, an' a man they sassed caught him an' licked him, an' the driver of a sled they hung on to licked him also. I had to give him another one for sassing me for telling his pa. so you need not lick him till next time. I guess he thinks, he better keep In school hereafter." Hearst, Then and Now. Indianapolis Star. How have the idols fallen! Just a few brief seasons ago William Randolph Hearst was hailed as the friend of labor, the champion of the under dog. the oppo nent of capitalistic Interests, and now, behold, the great body of mineworkers formally denounces him as the enemy of organized-labor and urges the? boycott of his publications, while informally he is characterized as a hypocrite and a politi cal mountebank! What would any one give for William's chances on an Inde pendent Presidential ticket now? ' Where is My Boy? Horatio Windsor In Puck. "Where Is my sophomore son tonight The child of our tears and fuss? Does he mathematics1 on the flight of light. Or work at Theocritus?" "Nay. lady, he's talkin' of next year's team, Or (vnrrhlnr 'em haaket-ba il. Or calling and chatVns with Peaches and Cruam, Or smoking a pipe that's all; "Or hazing a freshman to make him grow. Or fighting some likely pups. Or ralRlnt a row with a rotten show , Or running for loving cups. "And maybe he's writing the sophomore play. Or stealing the chapel chimes: But. lady, you hank on It anyway That he's having his aims of Times." BARTH WILL SWAY COMET. Thought Sky Stranger Is Million Times) Bigger Than. Our Planet. New York Sun. Professor Edwin B. Frost, director of the Yerkes observatory at Williams Bay, Wis., says: "Halley's comet, on which all eyes in the astronomical world are now centered, is about 1,000,000 times as big as the earth. Yet, although the earth's gravity may change the orbit of the comet, the earth a path through the sky will be unaffected by the approach ing proximity of the two bodies." This supplements information contained in a "circular respecting observation of L 1 1 1 1 ,1 ,'' nkmA. !Qin " wV,Ul ill.-, K issued by the Astronomical and Astro- j physical Society of America. The circu- j iar says mat an expedition to oDserve and photograph Halley's comet from the Hawaiian Islands is to be sent out by the society, and sets forth that: "In view of possible large perturba tions arising from the close approach of the comet to Venus on May 1 and to the earth on May 16, meridian observations are especially desired during the period in which the comet Is sufficiently bright for that purpose." "What are these 'possible large per turbations'?" Professor Frost was asked. "That merely means,'' was - the reply, "that on those dates the comet will be near enough the planets mentioned to be affected by their attraction." "Will that affect their orbits?" "It won't affect the orbit of Venus or of the earth, but it is likely to affect the comet's orbit. That Is one reason why ww vtu.ui lo get. iiiariuian observations, which will show almost exactly these or bital changes. r "There will be an interesting spectacle, by the way, on May 1, when the comet Is near to Venus. The planet and the comet will be practically the same dis tance from the earth and every one will be able to see their relative size." "The comet's bulk, exceeds Vnat of Venue about 1,000.000 times. It is not solid matter, however. It is gaseous and its mass is com paratively 'slight. There fore Its attraction will not affect the planets, while the solid, heavy planets are likely to affect It a good deal. The earth and Venue are about the same size, so that the earth, too, is about one millionth of the size of the comet." Frederick Ellerman, of the Solar Ob servatory at Pasadena. Cal., will head the Hawaiian expedition. The circular on Halley'B Comet was Is sued by the committee on comets of the society. On this committee are Profes sors George C. Comstock, of Madison, Wis.; Edward E. Barnard and Edwin 13. Frost, of the Yerkes observatory: Charles Perrine and Edward C. Pickering, of Harvard University. Says the circular: "The close approach of the comet to the earth promises unusual opportunity for a study of the physical conditions that obtain In such a body, and as an Indispensable basis for such etudy the committee recommends a- photographic campaign as long and as nearly continu ous as possible. The comet's close prox imity -to the aun's direction at the time of maximum brilliance Imposes serious lim itations upon this programme, and widely extended co-operation will be required throughout the whole circuit of the earth rf this ideal of a continuous photographic record is to be even remotely realized." "AH meteors are. bits of solid matter supposed to be debris of comets which travel around in the comet's wakes," con tinued Professor Frost. "They are not visible unless they come within 100 miles of the earth that la, unless they come within the earth's atmosphere. "The theory that a comet's tail is longer when it Is nearest the sun Is somewhat awry. Theoretically it would be so. be cause It is the reaction from the sun's light which causes the emanation of streaming vapors that form the tail. But actual observation shows that when a comet is near .the sun there are other changes in its composition which offset the greater force of this reaction of light. A comet's head, for instance, shrinks when near the sun, instead of expand ing." Mouses of Congress at Work. Washington, D. C. Despatch. Hardly a day passes at the Canitnl without a visit from some female semi nary. The students come with a chap eron, ana are given to understand that It is a necessary part of their tinlshing course to witness, both Houses of Con gress at work. The remarks they make when certain Senators are pointed out to them are amusing and interesting. "Girls, there is Senator Lodge," says the teacher. "Oh. Miss , isn't he cute? He looks so Intellectual, d"esn't he'.'" "And there is Senator Aldrlch, the man who rules the Senate." "He looks grand!" exclaim the girls. "Is he the man who is called an anar chist? Why, he doesn't look like the anarchistic pictures in the papers!" "There is Senator Bailey." "Now, isn't that lock of ha-ir that .falls down over his forehead Just too nice lor anything! "Over there is the Cherokee Strip, and in it you see Senators Root, Bradley-, Crawford. Bristow. Burton, the bach elor; Jones and Oliver. Over there In the front row is Dr. .Oallinger. the Mayor of the District of Columbia." And so on. all of which is duly put In their notebooks and the information is the subject of a quiz the next day. Mlsa the Prenehlng of Rooserrlt. Cleveland Leader. ' ' The average hostile critic of the Taft Administration if closely questioned about what he considers th sins of the President, either of omission or com mission, is hard put to it for definite charges. He has vague impressions or feelings which he cannot account for on any tangible ground. He. is unable to formulate positive accusations. But if he does come down to something definite it Is likely to amount to this: Taft does not sound enough like Roose velt. The country misses the old-time showers of epigrams. It looks in vain for the accustomed ringing appeals to the people's sense of justice and right, phrased In a most telling and Interest ing way. The Nation Isn't preached to as It was under Roosevelt. Origin of a National Tune. A discussion is going on among sever al musicians in this city with regard to the report made of the band concert at the Bungalow theater last Sunday, in which the statement appears that theNalr commonly sung to "God, Save the King" nd "My Country, 'Tis of Thee," is of "Germin and not English origin. The air has ,been claimed as having originated in Germany, Scotland. England and Swit zerland. It is really ft matter of personal dispute. Grove's "Dictionary of Music and Musicians" says with reference to the air mentioned that how far it was compiled from older airs will probably never be known. The Practlea Politician. Philadelphia Ledger. Whatever Taft's skill as a practical politician, it was not for that that the people, with very little respect for party, elected him President of the United States, and his Administration will com mand a much more cordial support from them if he will leave practical politics to others and think bf himself not as the leader of a party, but as the official head of the whole Nation. A Shame. St. Paul Pioneer Press. Isn't Is a shame that the good men have to be pushed Into a political race and the bad ones cannot be kept out with a club? Where One Is Needed. Chicago Evening Post. Ex-Governor Odell says that he Is wise enough to "Icnow when he is po litically dead. Why doesn't he open a school at Lincoln, Neb.? ' . LIFE'S SUNNY SIDE Jim had never learned to read by the ordinary methods the face of the old eight-day clock. It pleased his long-time employer, however, to ask him the limit and hear his answers. "Jim. what time does the old clock say?" he asked one evening, when he had callers. "Step out in the hall and see." Jim was gone sev eral minutes, but returned with a beam ing face. "Ah Ah waited Jes' a mlnut to see which'd get ahead, de ?ho't one oi de long one." he said. "Wen I went ou( dey was bof on de lef ha.ii winding place, eah. But de long one, she clip 11 up good an' libely w'en she see me watch ing out, -an' now she's about a incr. ahead, suh." Youths' Companion. There had been a dispute in the tene ment house and one of the women prin cipals obtained a summons for her neigh bor to appear In the Police Court. The principals, with their witnesses, none of whom could speak English, filed into the courtroom, and the magistrate told the policeman on the bridge to find out what it was all about. "How many witnesses have you?" asked the policeman of the woman who had obtained the summons. "Six." she replied. "And how many has sho" "She has eight," said the woman. "Go home," said the policeman in Yid dish; "you lose." New York Sun. A well-known young society man 01 Buffalo recently shocked one of his ladv friends by his ignorance of history. II was after a dinner party at his house. nd she was tilling him what she had learned in her private history class. One thing led to another, and all he time h-: was getting into deeper water. At last she surprised him by inquiring: "Now. tell me. Mr. . what are the Knights ol the Bath?" He stammered for a while, and finally blurted out: "Why. Saturday nights, I suppose." rhiladelpliia in quirer. m m m "Some men." saidAndrew Carnegie. a a dinner at his New York house, "havt very queer ideas of honor. "I was once riding from Pittsburg tr Philadelphia in the smoking compartment of a Pullman. There were, perhaps, sis of us In the compartment, smoking nnrf reading. All of a sudden a door banged. ' and the conductor's voice cried: " 'All tickets, please!' Then one of the men in the compart ment leaped to his feet, scanned the facrs of the rest of us and paid, slowly anc Impressively: " 'Gentlemen, I trust to your honor." "And he dived under the seat and re mained there in a small silent knot til; the conductor was safely gone." Phila delphia Record. The late Patrick F. Shcedy. the well known gambler, always cautioned younii men against gaming, though ho had been himself so successful at it. "Never gamble." he said, one Winter day in his art shop, to a New Y)rk re porter. "A gambler, in his despair, will stake his life and his honor to win a dollar or two. "The desperate gambler is. in fact, like that poor fellow who rented a steam heated flat one very cold Winter in Eight Hundred and Ninety-seventh street. "As this man sat reading in his over coat and gloves one evening, a little group of firemen hurst in on him. " 'Quick!' they cried. 'Stir yourself! The house is afire!' " 'Very good." the man replied, turning a page calmly and selecting a fresh cigar. Very good. Indeed. It will bo the first time this flat's been warm this Winter.' " Washington Star. Bliss Carman, editor and author, told at a dinner in New York a story aboul James 'Russell Lowell and a--1 bad boy. "A Boston woman." said Mr. Carman, asked Lowell to write in her autograph albuni, and the poet,' complying, wrote the line: " 'What is so rare as a day in June?' "Calling at this woman's house a few days later. Lowell idly turned the pages of the album till he came to his own autograph. Beneath it was written In a childish scrawl: " 'A Chinaman with whiskers.' " Washington Star. KEBPIVO WITHIN" THE LAW. Conservation Should Obey the Statutes Sot Suspend Them. New York Sun. In an address at Williams College or "The Executive Function Under the Con stltution." the lion. Richard Achilles' Balltnger repeated for the reproof anti correction of sentimentalists this sound definition of a constitutional and law ful policy under this Administration and under every Administration. There ran he no policy that does not keep within the law and undertake to admlnistei with intelligent vigor and liuelity. Within the law! Not beyond or with out the law, in the vague and dangerous region of good will. Mr. Ballinget quoted Mr. Webster on "good inten tions" as a plea in ccfnlession ant avoidance of disregard of the I'onsti tution. In the absence of a full repor of the Williamstown remarks we dt not know if he quoted Mr. Webster ! speech in the senate May 7, 1K34: The spirit of liberty is. Indeed, a bold sne fearluas spirit; but it Is also a sharp-sighted spirt, it is a rautlnuR. supacious. discrim inating, far-seeing Intelligence: H is lealom of nrroachment. jealous of power. Jeaioul of man. It demands chorks: It seeks f t punrrta: it insists mt securities: it intrenchef Itself behind strong defences and fortlfiet itself with all possible rr) .-ittainst the as saults "f ambition and prussion. It does not trust tle amiable weaknesses of human nature, and therefore It will not permit power to overstep its prescribed limits, though benevolent, stood Intent and patri otic purpose came along with it. A Government of constitutional and legal restraint, not a Government of indi vidual will or caprice; administered ac cording to law and not according to the persona! desires of attractive or salient Y personalities or the beliefs of wrong- headed enthusiasts or for the satisfac tion of magazine editors selling mare's nests to millions for, the happiness of the business office. Railroad Bnyi Kx peri men t-Farms. Christian Science Monitor. In carrying out its seme- for agri cultural education the New York Cen tral Railroad will purchase tracts of 100 acres or less from time to time and make them areas of the highest pro ductiveness through the employment of expert agriculturists. The superin tendent of the company's farm enter prise Is T. E. Martin, of West Rush, N. Y., himself an experienced farmer. He will be assisted by students from ag ricultural colleges in the state. The first small farm to be put Into commission is at West Bergen, where 70 acres of wornout land will be cultivated and the improvement noted. Two others are on the west slope of the Adiron dacks and In the Mohawk Valley. The products of these farms will be sold In the open market as an example to the countryside. Those C-rldlron Dfanera. Denver Repubfican. It becomes more and more evident every year that the Nation. Is not to recruit its great humorists from the Washington newspaper men who get up those gridiron dinners. Can Still Blame It on I.oeb. St. Louis Star. Collector Loeb has been selected to manage the public reception of his former chief when he returns in the Spring, so if anything goes wrong it can still be blamed on lxeb. Roosevelt's Policies!. Richmond Times-Dispatch. Among Mr. Roosevelt's leading policies may be mentioned at this time, my chil dren, conservation and conversation. i